CN113698500B - Method for extracting edible rice starch and rice protein from pesticide residue super-standard broken rice - Google Patents
Method for extracting edible rice starch and rice protein from pesticide residue super-standard broken rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting edible rice starch and rice protein from pesticide residue super-standard broken rice. The invention oxidizes and degrades pesticide residues such as isoprothiolane, hexaconazole and the like and mycotoxins such as aflatoxin and the like into nontoxic substances by using oxidants such as sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide and the like, simultaneously opens a disulfide bond of protein to form a stable sulfonic group with high solubility, increases the dissolution of the protein, increases the yield, reduces the residual protein in starch, and obtains protein and starch products with better safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting edible rice starch and rice protein from pesticide residue super-standard broken rice, belonging to the technical field of food processing.
Background
As a major crop in china, rice is undoubtedly a very important crop, which is a staple food consumed daily by 65% of the population in the country. As the most common staple food on the chinese table, rice also provides most of the vegetable proteins that chinese ingests a day. The use of rice protein and starch as the only cereals to be protected from allergy tests is also increasing with the development of industrial technology. In order to ensure the yield of rice, pesticides are used for ensuring the growth of rice. After the rice is harvested, a part of pesticide still remains on the rice, and meanwhile, mycotoxins such as aflatoxin and the like are easily produced due to fungal pollution in the process of storing the rice. In the rice milling process, 10% broken rice can be generated, and the broken rice contains more rice hulls and pesticide residues, so that the utilization value of the broken rice is greatly reduced.
Patent CN94110384.6 mentions that ammonia or chlorine water or sodium hypochlorite is used to remove aflatoxin in soy sauce raw material; in patent CN201410417726, the pesticide residues are degraded by ultraviolet catalysis; however, the use of a large amount of strong oxidant can damage the quality of the product and reduce the product yield; the ultraviolet catalytic degradation of pesticide residue also has the problem of energy waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention uses different oxidants in steps to degrade mycotoxin and pesticide residue in rice protein and starch, thereby improving the yield and property of protein and reducing the content of residual protein in starch.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for extracting edible rice starch and rice protein from pesticide residue ultra-standard broken rice, which comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking the rice in alkali liquor, then crushing and stirring to obtain rice milk;
s2, adjusting the pH value of the rice milk obtained in the step S1 to 10-12, respectively adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide to make the effective chlorine concentration be 30-50ppm, and stirring for reaction;
s3, centrifuging the rice milk reacted in the step S2 to obtain protein liquid as a light phase and starch as a heavy phase, and pulping the starch into starch milk;
s4, respectively adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid and the starch milk obtained in the step S3 to 6-8, respectively adding hydrogen peroxide, and stirring for reaction;
s5, adjusting the pH value of the protein solution reacted in the step S4 to 4-6, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, preparing the precipitate into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 0.5% -2%, centrifuging again to obtain the precipitate, preparing the precipitate into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10% -15%, homogenizing the protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10% -15% to obtain concentrated protein solution, sterilizing and drying the concentrated protein solution to obtain the rice protein;
s6, adjusting the pH of the starch milk reacted in the step S4 to 6-8, and then filtering, washing and drying to obtain the rice starch.
Further, in the step S1, the alkali liquor is 0.05% -0.3% alkali solution, and the material-liquid ratio of the rice to the alkali liquor is 1: 4-10.
Further, in the step S1, the pulverization is carried out by pulverizing the raw materials in a colloid mill and then subjecting the pulverized raw materials to ultrafine pulverization.
Further, in the step S2, the molar ratio of the sodium hypochlorite to the chlorine dioxide is 1: 1-5.
Further, in the step S2 or S4, the stirring reaction time is 20 to 50 minutes.
Further, in the step S4, the mass concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the protein liquid or starch slurry is 1% to 5%.
Further, in the step S5, the homogenization condition is 10-30 MPa.
Further, in the step S5, the sterilization is performed by steam injection sterilization at 130 ℃ for 4-6S at 100 ℃, and vacuum flash evaporation cooling is performed to 60-70 ℃ for sterilization.
Further, in the step S5, the drying is spray drying, the air inlet temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 50-100 ℃.
Further, in the step S6, the drying is flash steam drying.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention oxidizes and degrades pesticide residues such as isoprothiolane, hexaconazole and the like and mycotoxins such as aflatoxin and the like into nontoxic substances by using oxidants such as sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide and the like, simultaneously opens a disulfide bond of protein to form a stable sulfonic group with high solubility, increases the dissolution of the protein, increases the yield, reduces the residual protein in starch, and obtains protein and starch products with better safety.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can practice the present invention, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
1. Rice blast: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determining residual quantity of 486 pesticides and related chemicals in GB/T20770-2008-one-grain valley
Maximum residual limit: 1mg/kg
And (4) quantitative limit: 0.01mg/kg
2. Hexaconazole: GB 23200.8-2016 food safety national standard gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determining residual quantity of 500 pesticides and related chemicals in fruits and vegetables
Maximum residual limit: 0.1mg/kg
And (4) quantitative limit: 0.075mg/kg
3. Aflatoxins: determination of aflatoxin B group and G group in GB 5009.22-2016 food safety national standard food
Maximum residual limit: 2 mug/kg
And (4) quantitative limit: 0.1. mu.g/kg
4. Protein content determination and extraction rate: kjeldahl method
5. Protein solubility determination: and (2) drawing a standard curve by adopting a folin phenol method and bovine serum albumin, respectively adding 1.5g of target protein into 75ml of distilled water and 0.2% NaOH solution, magnetically stirring for 30min, centrifuging for 15 min at 4800r/min, sucking supernatant, measuring absorbance at the A650 position by adopting the folin phenol method, substituting the absorbance into the standard curve, calculating the protein content, and calculating.
Example 1:
(1) crushing raw materials: the ratio of rice water to feed liquid is 1: 6(g/L), soaking the raw materials by using 0.1% aqueous alkali, then crushing the raw materials by using a colloid mill, and performing superfine grinding on the crushed rice pulp by using a superfine grinder;
(2) rice slurry reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) first-time pesticide residue oxidation degradation: adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp obtained in the step (2) to 12, adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide with the molar ratio of (1: 5) to enable the effective chlorine concentration to be 50ppm, and stirring for 30 min;
(4) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (3) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(5) and (3) oxidizing and degrading the pesticide residue for the second time: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (4) to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min; adding water into the starch obtained in the step (4) to prepare starch slurry, adjusting the pH to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min;
(6) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (5) to 4.5;
(7) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (6) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(8) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (5) by a plate frame to obtain starch blocks;
(9) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (7) to prepare protein slurry with the mass concentration of 1%, centrifuging again, and mixing into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (8) to prepare starch slurry, and filtering the starch slurry by using a plate frame again to obtain starch blocks;
(10) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (9), adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(11) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein slurry obtained in the step (9) under the condition of 30MP to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(12) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (11) for 6s at the temperature of 130 ℃, carrying out vacuum flash evaporation and cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization, and obtaining sterilized protein liquid;
(13) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (12) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ by using a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (4) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (10) to obtain a starch finished product.
Example 2:
(1) crushing raw materials: the ratio of rice water to feed liquid is 1: 6(g/L), soaking in 0.1% aqueous alkali, pulverizing with colloid mill, and micronizing the pulverized rice slurry with micronizer;
(2) rice slurry reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) first-time pesticide residue oxidation degradation: adjusting the pH value of the rice milk obtained in the step (2) to 10, adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide with the molar ratio of (1: 1) to the rice milk to enable the effective chlorine concentration to be 50ppm, and stirring for 30 min;
(4) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (3) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(5) and (3) oxidizing and degrading the pesticide residue for the second time: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (4) to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min; adding water into the starch obtained in the step (4) to prepare starch slurry, adjusting the pH to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min;
(6) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (5) to 4.5;
(7) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (6) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(8) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (5) by a plate-and-frame filter to obtain starch blocks;
(9) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (7) to prepare protein slurry with the mass volume of 1%, centrifuging again, and adjusting to obtain protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (8) to prepare starch slurry, and performing plate-and-frame filtration again to obtain starch blocks;
(10) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (9), mixing the starch with the water, adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(11) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein obtained in the step (9) under the condition of 30MPa to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(12) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (11) for 6s at the temperature of 130 ℃, carrying out vacuum flash evaporation and cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization, and obtaining sterilized protein liquid;
(13) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (12) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ by using a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (5) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (10) to obtain a starch finished product.
Example 3:
(1) crushing raw materials: ratio of rice to water to liquid 1: 6(g/L), soaking in 0.1% aqueous alkali, pulverizing with colloid mill, and micronizing the pulverized rice slurry with micronizer;
(2) rice slurry reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) first-time pesticide residue oxidation degradation: adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp obtained in the step (2) to 10, adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide with the molar ratio of (1: 5) to make the effective chlorine concentration to be 30ppm, and stirring for 30 min;
(4) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (3) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(5) and (3) oxidizing and degrading the pesticide residue for the second time: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (4) to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the protein liquid to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min; adding water into the starch obtained in the step (4) to prepare starch slurry, adjusting the pH to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min;
(6) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (5) to 4.5;
(7) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (6) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(8) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (5) by a plate-and-frame filter to obtain starch blocks;
(9) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (7) to prepare protein slurry with the mass concentration of 1%, centrifuging again, and mixing into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (8) to prepare starch slurry, and performing plate-and-frame filtration again to obtain starch blocks;
(10) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (9), adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(11) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein slurry obtained in the step (9) under the condition of 30MPa to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(12) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (11) at 130 ℃ for 6s, and carrying out vacuum flash evaporation cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization to obtain a sterilized protein liquid;
(13) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (12) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ by using a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (4) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (10) to obtain a starch finished product.
Example 4:
(1) crushing raw materials: ratio of rice to water to liquid 1: 6(g/L), soaking the raw materials by using 0.1% aqueous alkali, then crushing the raw materials by using a colloid mill, and performing superfine grinding on the crushed rice pulp by using a superfine grinder;
(2) rice pulp reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) first-time pesticide residue oxidation degradation: adjusting the pH value of the rice milk obtained in the step (2) to 10, adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide with the molar ratio of (1: 5) to the rice milk to enable the effective chlorine concentration to be 50ppm, and stirring for 30 min;
(4) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (3) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(5) and (3) carrying out second pesticide residue toxin oxidative degradation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (4) to 6, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the protein liquid to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min; adding water into the starch obtained in the step (4) to prepare starch slurry, adjusting the pH to 6, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min;
(6) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (5) to 4.5;
(7) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (6) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(8) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (5) by a plate-and-frame filter to obtain starch blocks;
(9) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (7) to prepare protein slurry with the mass concentration of 1%, centrifuging again, and mixing into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (8) to prepare starch slurry, and performing plate-and-frame filtration again to obtain starch blocks;
(10) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (9), adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(11) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein slurry obtained in the step (9) under the condition of 30MPa to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(12) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (11) for 6s at the temperature of 130 ℃, carrying out vacuum flash evaporation and cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization, and obtaining sterilized protein liquid;
(13) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (12) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ of a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (4) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (10) to obtain a starch finished product.
Example 5:
(1) crushing raw materials: the ratio of rice water to feed liquid is 1: 6(g/L), soaking in 0.1% aqueous alkali, pulverizing with colloid mill, and micronizing the pulverized rice slurry with micronizer;
(2) rice slurry reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) first pesticide residue toxin oxidative degradation: adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp obtained in the step (2) to 10, adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide with the molar ratio of (1: 5) to enable the effective chlorine concentration to be 50ppm, and stirring for 30 min;
(4) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (3) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(5) and (3) oxidizing and degrading the pesticide residue for the second time: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (4) to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to make the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide be 5%, and stirring for 30 min; adding water into the starch obtained in the step (4) to prepare starch slurry, adjusting the pH to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to ensure that the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 5%, and stirring for 30 min;
(6) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (5) to 4.5;
(7) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (6) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(8) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (5) by a plate frame to obtain starch blocks;
(9) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (7) to prepare protein slurry with the mass concentration of 1%, centrifuging again, and mixing into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (8) to prepare starch slurry, and performing plate-and-frame filtration again to obtain starch blocks;
(10) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (9), mixing the starch with the water, adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(11) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein slurry obtained in the step (9) under the condition of 30MPa to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(12) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (11) at 130 ℃ for 6s, and carrying out vacuum flash evaporation cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization to obtain a sterilized protein liquid;
(13) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (12) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ by using a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (4) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (10) to obtain a starch finished product.
Comparative example 1:
(1) crushing raw materials: ratio of rice to water to liquid 1: 6(g/L), soaking the raw materials by using 0.1% aqueous alkali, then crushing the raw materials by using a colloid mill, and performing superfine grinding on the crushed rice pulp by using a superfine grinder;
(2) rice pulp reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) first-time pesticide residue oxidation degradation: adjusting the pH value of the rice pulp obtained in the step (2) to 7, adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide with the molar ratio of (1: 5) to make the effective chlorine concentration be 50ppm, and stirring for 30 min;
(4) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (3) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(5) and (3) oxidizing and degrading the pesticide residue for the second time: adjusting the pH of the protein liquid obtained in the step (4), adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min; adding water into the starch obtained in the step (4) to prepare starch slurry, adjusting pH, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the starch slurry to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min;
(6) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (5) to 4.5;
(7) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (6) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(8) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (5) by a plate frame to obtain starch blocks;
(9) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (7) to prepare protein slurry with the mass concentration of 1%, centrifuging again, and mixing into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (8) to prepare starch slurry, and filtering the starch slurry by using a plate frame again to obtain starch blocks;
(10) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (9), mixing the starch with the water, adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(11) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein slurry obtained in the step (9) under the condition of 30MPa to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(12) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (11) for 6s at the temperature of 130 ℃, carrying out vacuum flash evaporation and cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization, and obtaining sterilized protein liquid;
(13) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (12) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ by using a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (4) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (10) to obtain a starch finished product.
Comparative example 2:
(1) crushing raw materials: the ratio of rice water to feed liquid is 1: 6(g/L), soaking the raw materials by using 0.1% aqueous alkali, then crushing the raw materials by using a colloid mill, and performing superfine grinding on the crushed rice pulp by using a superfine grinder;
(2) rice pulp reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) oxidizing and degrading the pesticide residues: adjusting the pH value of the rice milk obtained in the step (2) to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the rice milk to be 1%, and stirring for 30 min;
(4) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (3) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(5) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (4) to 4.5;
(6) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (5) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(7) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (4) by a plate-and-frame filter to obtain starch blocks;
(8) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (6) to prepare protein slurry with the mass concentration of 1%, centrifuging again, and mixing into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (7) to prepare starch slurry, and filtering the starch slurry by using a plate frame again to obtain starch blocks;
(9) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (8), adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(10) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein slurry obtained in the step (8) under the condition of 30MPa to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(11) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (10) at 130 ℃ for 6s, and carrying out vacuum flash evaporation cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization to obtain a sterilized protein liquid;
(12) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (11) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ by using a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (4) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (9) to obtain a starch finished product.
Comparative example 3:
(1) crushing raw materials: the ratio of rice water to feed liquid is 1: 6(g/L), soaking in 0.1% aqueous alkali, pulverizing with colloid mill, and micronizing the pulverized rice slurry with micronizer;
(2) rice slurry reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) oxidizing and degrading the pesticide residues: adjusting the pH value of the rice milk obtained in the step (2) to 10, adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide with the molar ratio of (1: 5) to the rice milk to ensure that the effective chlorine concentration is 30ppm, and stirring for 30 min;
(4) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (3) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(5) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (4) to 4.5;
(6) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (5) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(7) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (4) by a plate-and-frame filter to obtain starch blocks;
(8) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (6) to prepare protein slurry with the mass concentration of 1%, centrifuging again, and mixing into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (7) to prepare starch slurry, and filtering the starch slurry by using a plate frame again to obtain starch blocks;
(9) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (8), adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(10) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein slurry obtained in the step (8) under the condition of 30MPa to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(11) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (10) for 6s at the temperature of 130 ℃, carrying out vacuum flash evaporation and cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization, and obtaining sterilized protein liquid;
(12) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (11) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ by using a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (5) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (9) to obtain a starch finished product.
Comparative example 4:
(1) crushing raw materials: ratio of rice to water to liquid 1: 6(g/L), soaking in 0.1% aqueous alkali, pulverizing with colloid mill, and micronizing the pulverized rice slurry with micronizer;
(2) rice slurry reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) first pesticide residue toxin oxidative degradation: adjusting the pH value of the rice milk obtained in the step (2) to 12, adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide with the molar ratio of (1: 5) to the rice milk to ensure that the effective chlorine concentration is 100ppm, and stirring for 30 min;
(4) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (3) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(5) and (3) carrying out second pesticide residue toxin oxidative degradation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (4) to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to make the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide be 5%, and stirring for 30 min; adding water into the starch obtained in the step (4) to prepare starch slurry, adjusting the pH to 8, adding hydrogen peroxide to enable the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide to be 5%, and stirring for 30 min;
(6) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (5) to 4.5;
(7) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (6) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(8) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (5) by a plate-and-frame filter to obtain starch blocks;
(9) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (7) to prepare protein slurry with the mass concentration of 1%, centrifuging again, and mixing into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (8) to prepare starch slurry, and filtering the starch slurry by using a plate frame again to obtain starch blocks;
(10) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (9), mixing the starch with the water, adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(11) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein slurry obtained in the step (9) under the condition of 30MPa to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(12) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (11) at 130 ℃ for 6s, and carrying out vacuum flash evaporation cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization to obtain a sterilized protein liquid;
(13) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (12) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ of a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (5) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (10) to obtain a starch finished product.
Comparative example 5:
(1) crushing raw materials: the ratio of rice water to feed liquid is 1: 6(g/L), soaking the raw materials by using 0.1% aqueous alkali, then crushing the raw materials by using a colloid mill, and performing superfine grinding on the crushed rice pulp by using a superfine grinder;
(2) rice slurry reaction: stirring the rice milk obtained in the step (1) for 6 hours;
(3) centrifugal separation: centrifuging the rice milk obtained in the step (2) by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a light phase which is protein liquid and a heavy phase which is starch;
(4) acid precipitation: adjusting the pH value of the protein liquid obtained in the step (3) to 4.5;
(5) centrifuging: centrifuging the protein liquid obtained in the step (4) to obtain a precipitate which is protein;
(6) plate-frame filtration: filtering the starch slurry obtained in the step (3) by a plate frame to obtain starch blocks;
(7) washing: adding water into the protein obtained in the step (5) to prepare protein slurry with the mass concentration of 1%, centrifuging again, and mixing into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10%; adding water into the starch blocks obtained in the step (6) to prepare starch slurry, and filtering the starch slurry by using a plate frame again to obtain starch blocks;
(8) neutralizing: adding water into the starch obtained in the step (7), adjusting the pH value to 7, and then filtering by a plate frame;
(9) homogenizing: homogenizing the protein slurry obtained in the step (7) under the condition of 30MPa to obtain concentrated protein liquid;
(10) and (3) sterilization: carrying out steam jet sterilization on the concentrated protein liquid obtained in the step (9) at the temperature of 130 ℃ for 6s, and carrying out vacuum flash evaporation and cooling to 60 ℃ for sterilization to obtain sterilized protein liquid;
(11) and (3) drying: spray drying the sterilized concentrated protein solution obtained in the step (10) at the air inlet temperature of 180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80 ℃ by using a spraying device to obtain a protein finished product; and (4) carrying out flash evaporation spray drying on the starch obtained in the step (8) to obtain a starch finished product.
Variables of
Measurement results
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for extracting edible rice starch and rice protein from pesticide residue ultra-standard broken rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soaking rice in alkali liquor, then crushing and stirring to obtain rice milk;
s2, adjusting the pH value of the rice milk obtained in the step S1 to 10-12, respectively adding sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide to make the effective chlorine concentration be 30-50ppm, and stirring for reaction;
s3, centrifuging the rice milk reacted in the step S2, wherein the light phase is protein liquid, the heavy phase is starch, and the starch is blended into starch milk;
s4, respectively adjusting the pH of the protein solution and the starch milk obtained in the step S3 to 6-8, respectively adding hydrogen peroxide, and stirring for reaction;
s5, adjusting the pH value of the protein solution reacted in the step S4 to 4-6, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, preparing the precipitate into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 0.5% -2%, centrifuging again to obtain the precipitate, preparing the precipitate into protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10% -15%, homogenizing the protein slurry with the mass concentration of 10% -15% to obtain concentrated protein solution, sterilizing and drying the concentrated protein solution to obtain the rice protein;
s6, adjusting the pH of the starch milk reacted in the step S4 to 6-8, and then filtering, washing and drying to obtain the rice starch.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the lye is 0.05% -0.3% alkali solution, and the ratio of rice to lye is 1: 4-10.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pulverization in the step S1 is carried out by pulverizing the raw materials using a colloid mill and then micronizing the pulverized materials.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of S2, the molar ratio of sodium hypochlorite to chlorine dioxide is 1: 1-5.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2 or S4, the stirring reaction time is 20 to 50 minutes.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the mass concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the protein solution or starch slurry is 1-5%.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the homogenization conditions in the step S5 are 10 to 30 MPa.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the sterilization is performed by steam injection sterilization at 100-130 ℃ for 4-6S, and vacuum flash evaporation cooling to 60-70 ℃.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the drying is spray drying, the inlet air temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the outlet air temperature is 50-100 ℃.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of S6, the drying is flash gas stream drying.
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