CN113695857A - Preparation method of micro-flow porous metal material - Google Patents
Preparation method of micro-flow porous metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113695857A CN113695857A CN202111057548.6A CN202111057548A CN113695857A CN 113695857 A CN113695857 A CN 113695857A CN 202111057548 A CN202111057548 A CN 202111057548A CN 113695857 A CN113695857 A CN 113695857A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a micro-flow porous metal material, which comprises the following steps: firstly, pressing metal powder by a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, and sintering to obtain a porous metal pipe body; secondly, machining the surface of the porous metal pipe body to obtain a porous metal base pipe; thirdly, processing to obtain a compact metal end cover and a compact metal end cover with holes; and fourthly, machining the surface of the porous metal substrate tube after welding the end cover to form a small-aperture structure, and obtaining the micro-flow porous metal material with the gradient pore structure. According to the invention, partial particles on the surface of the porous metal pipe body are melted and then solidified through machining treatment, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous metal pipe body by combining process parameters of the machining treatment of the control machine, so that the micro-flow porous metal material with a gradient aperture structure is obtained, the precise control of micro-flow is realized, and the problems of large aperture, high porosity and difficulty in realizing micro-flow control of the traditional metal porous material are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of porous material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a micro-flow porous metal material.
Background
The metal porous material has a three-dimensional communicated pore structure, high adsorption capacity, material diversity and good permeability, and is a material for efficient filtration, separation and flow control. Compared with the traditional metal porous material, the micro-flow metal porous material is represented by titanium and titanium alloy, and has the advantages of light weight, high temperature resistance, high strength, corrosion resistance, stable structure and the like, so that the micro-flow metal porous material has a wide application prospect in severe working conditions such as high temperature and high pressure.
The technological route of pressing-sintering with metal powder as raw material is one of the main technological methods for preparing porous metal material. However, due to the limitation that the structure of the porous metal material cannot be post-processed, the dimensional accuracy of the porous metal material is generally controlled to be low at present. In national standards of GB/T6886-2019 sintered metal filter elements and other metal porous materials, the tolerance of dimensional precision can reach +/-3 mm, and the requirement of modern industrial assembly is difficult to meet.
Meanwhile, the porosity and the pore diameter are used as core technical indexes of the metal porous material, and have decisive influence on the technological parameters such as the strength, the permeability, the heat conductivity and the like of the porous metal material. However, how to precisely control the porosity and pore size of the metal porous material has been a further technical problem faced throughout the field of metal porous materials for a long time. For example, in the fields of aerospace and the like, the metal porous material can be used for flow control, the porosity of the metal porous material needs to be controlled to be less than or equal to 20%, and the pore diameter is 1-5 microns.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a micro-flow porous metal material, which is aimed at overcoming the defects of the prior art. According to the method, partial particles on the surface of the porous metal pipe body are melted and then solidified through machining treatment, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous metal pipe body by combining process parameters of machining control, so that the micro-flow porous metal material with a gradient aperture structure is obtained, the porosity is low, and fluid entering the porous metal material slowly flows out from the inside to the outside, so that the micro-flow control is realized, and the problems that the traditional metal porous material is large in aperture, high in porosity and difficult to realize micro-flow control are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing a micro-flow porous metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, filling metal powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 100 MPa-200 MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, and sintering the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition to obtain a porous metal pipe body; the sintering temperature is 0.6-0.8 times of the melting point of the metal powder for preparing the porous tube blank; the aperture of the porous metal pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous metal pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous metal material to obtain a porous metal matrix pipe;
step three, machining the compact metal material to the size matched with the porous metal base body pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact metal end cover, and selecting the compact metal end cover to punch to obtain a compact metal end cover with holes;
step four, respectively welding the compact metal end covers and the compact metal end covers with holes obtained in the step three to the two ends of the porous metal matrix pipe obtained in the step two by adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, then machining the surface of the porous metal matrix pipe, and forming a small-aperture structure on the surface of the porous metal matrix pipe to obtain the micro-flow porous metal material with the gradient pore structure; the rotation speed adopted by the machining treatment is 180-200 r/min, and the feed amount is 0.5-0.075 mm.
According to the invention, metal powder of-500 meshes is adopted to prepare a porous tube blank through cold isostatic pressing, and then sintering is carried out, so that the metal powder particles form physical combination in a thermal diffusion mode to obtain a porous metal tube body, the smooth forming of the porous tube blank is ensured, and then the porous metal tube body (blank) is machined, so that the size of the porous metal base tube is ensured to be controllable, and a foundation is provided for subsequent processing; machining the surface of the porous metal substrate tube after the end cover is welded, melting and then solidifying partial particles on the surface of the porous metal substrate tube by utilizing heat generated by high-speed rotation of a machining tool such as an alloy cutter and friction with the surface of the porous metal substrate tube, and forming a small-aperture structure on the surface of the porous metal substrate tube by combining process parameters of machining treatment control to obtain a micro-flow porous metal material with a gradient aperture structure, wherein one end of the micro-flow porous metal material is welded with a dense metal end cover with an aperture, so that the micro-flow porous metal material becomes a material for bearing filtered liquid; the pore diameters of micropores in the gradient pore structure of the micro-flow porous metal material are sequentially reduced along the sequence from inside to outside, the micro-flow porous metal material has the tendency of small outside and large inside, and the porosity is low, so that fluid entering the porous metal material slowly flows out from the inside to the surface, the slow flow effect is realized, the micro-flow control is realized, and the problems that the traditional metal porous material is large in pore diameter, high in porosity and difficult to realize micro-flow control are solved.
The machining in the second step and the machining in the fourth step of the invention can be realized by adopting a common lathe.
The preparation method of the micro-flow porous metal material is characterized in that in the step one, the porous metal pipe body is made of titanium, titanium alloy, nickel alloy or stainless steel. The micro-flow porous metal material is suitable for various and common materials, and the practical value of the micro-flow porous metal material is improved.
The preparation method of the micro-flow porous metal material is characterized in that in the step one, the sintering is sectional heating sintering which is carried out by keeping the temperature of 900-1100 ℃ for 1-2 h. Through the sectional heating sintering process, the sintering is firstly carried out at low temperature to be beneficial to the formation of a sintering neck, and then the sintering is carried out at high temperature to be beneficial to the formation of micropores in the porous metal tube body.
The preparation method of the micro-flow porous metal material is characterized in that the length of the porous metal substrate tube in the step two is (10 mm-55 mm) ± 1 mm.
The preparation method of the micro-flow porous metal material is characterized in that the rotation speed adopted by the machining in the step two is 280 revolutions per minute, and the feed rate is 0.5 mm.
The preparation method of the micro-flow porous metal material is characterized in that the pore diameter formed by punching in the step three is 10 mm.
The preparation method of the micro-flow porous metal material is characterized in that the power adopted by the laser welding method in the fourth step is 1500 kW-1800 kW, the laser speed is 1 m/min-3 m/min, and the swing amplitude is 0.3 mm-0.6 mm.
The preparation method of the micro-flow porous metal material is characterized in that the diameter of the micro-flow porous metal material in the fourth step is not more than 50mm +/-0.2 mm. The micro-flow porous metal material with the optimal size is suitable for the lubricating oil cavity of the engine, so that micro-flow control of lubricating oil seepage in the engine is realized, and the practical value of the invention is improved.
The preparation method of the micro-flow porous metal material is characterized in that the pore diameter of the micro-flow porous metal material in the step four is not more than 10 μm, and the porosity is not more than 20%. By the limitation, micro-flow control of the fluid is ensured, and the method is particularly suitable for controlling aviation lubricating oil with larger surface tension and is beneficial to application of the porous metal material in an engine lubricating oil cavity.
The preparation method of the micro-flow porous metal material is characterized in that the pore diameter of the micro-flow porous metal material in the step four is 1-5 mu m, and the porosity is not more than 20%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention carries out machining treatment on the surface of the porous metal pipe body prepared by the powder metallurgy method, so that partial particles on the surface are solidified after being melted, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous metal pipe body by combining the technological parameters of the machining treatment of the control machine, so that the micro-flow porous metal material with a gradient aperture structure is obtained, the porosity is low, the fluid entering the porous metal material slowly flows out from the inside to the surface, the control of micro-flow is realized, and the problems that the traditional metal porous material is large in aperture, high in porosity and difficult to realize micro-flow control are solved.
2. The micro-flow porous metal material prepared by the invention has the pore diameter of 1-5 mu m and the porosity of not more than 20 percent, is integrally formed and has a compact structure, so the micro-flow porous metal material has good processing performance, high compressive strength and good corrosion resistance, and the machining in the preparation process has high dimensional control precision on the material, can be used as a key part for flow control, and can be widely applied to the fields of energy environmental protection, aerospace, transportation, petrochemical industry and the like.
3. The invention has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials and simple preparation process, and can be used for industrial mass production.
4. The whole micro-flow porous metal material prepared by the invention is of a cavity structure with one open end and one closed end, and the surface of the micro-flow porous metal material is provided with a gradient pore structure.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a micro-flow porous metal material prepared by the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1, a pipe body; 2-densifying the metal end cap; 3-center hole.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the micro-flow porous metal material prepared by the invention consists of a pipe body 1 and dense metal end covers 2 welded at two ends of the pipe body 1, wherein a central hole 3 is formed in the dense metal end cover 2 at one end.
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, filling titanium powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 100MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, then placing the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition, heating to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h to obtain a porous titanium pipe body; the aperture of the porous titanium pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous metal pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous titanium material, wherein the rotating speed adopted by machining is 280 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.5mm, and the porous titanium base pipe with the length of 45mm +/-1 mm and the outer diameter of 47.5mm is obtained;
step three, machining the compact titanium material to the size matched with the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact titanium end cover, and selecting the compact titanium end cover to punch the hole until the hole diameter is 10mm to obtain the compact titanium end cover with the hole;
step four, adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, wherein the power adopted by the laser welding method is 1500kW, the laser speed is 1m/mi, the swing amplitude is 0.3mm, respectively welding the compact titanium end cover and the compact titanium end cover with holes obtained in the step three to two ends of the porous titanium-based tube obtained in the step two, then carrying out machining treatment on the surface of the porous titanium-based tube, wherein the rotating speed adopted by the machining treatment is 180 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.075mm, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous titanium-based tube to obtain the micro-flow porous titanium material with the gradient aperture structure; the diameter of the micro-flow porous titanium material is 47.5mm +/-0.2 mm, the porosity is 17.8%, the maximum aperture in the gradient pore structure is 5 microns, and the minimum aperture is 3 microns.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, filling titanium powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 120MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, then placing the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition, heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h to obtain a porous titanium pipe body; the aperture of the porous titanium pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous metal pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous titanium material, wherein the rotating speed adopted by machining is 280 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.5mm, and the porous titanium base pipe with the length of 50mm +/-1 mm and the outer diameter of 45mm is obtained;
step three, machining the compact titanium material to the size matched with the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact titanium end cover, and selecting the compact titanium end cover to punch the hole until the hole diameter is 10mm to obtain the compact titanium end cover with the hole;
step four, adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, wherein the power adopted by the laser welding method is 1500kW, the laser speed is 2m/min, the swing amplitude is 0.5mm, respectively welding the compact titanium end cover and the compact titanium end cover with holes obtained in the step three to the two ends of the porous titanium-based tube obtained in the step two, then carrying out machining treatment on the surface of the porous titanium-based tube, wherein the rotating speed adopted by the machining treatment is 200 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.05mm, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous titanium-based tube to obtain the micro-flow porous titanium material with the gradient aperture structure; the diameter of the micro-flow porous titanium material is 45mm +/-0.2 mm, the porosity is 15.3%, the maximum aperture in the gradient pore structure is 4 microns, and the minimum aperture is 2 microns.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, filling titanium powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 150MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, then placing the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1h to obtain a porous titanium pipe body; the aperture of the porous titanium pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous metal pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous metal material, wherein the rotating speed adopted by machining is 280 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.5mm, and the porous titanium base pipe with the length of 45mm +/-1 mm and the outer diameter of 44.5mm is obtained;
step three, machining the compact titanium material to the size matched with the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact titanium end cover, and selecting the compact titanium end cover to punch the hole until the hole diameter is 10mm to obtain the compact titanium end cover with the hole;
step four, adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, wherein the power adopted by the laser welding method is 1500kW, the laser speed is 2m/min, the swing amplitude is 0.5mm, respectively welding the compact titanium end cover and the compact titanium end cover with holes obtained in the step three to the two ends of the porous titanium-based tube obtained in the step two, then carrying out machining treatment on the surface of the porous titanium-based tube, wherein the rotating speed adopted by the machining treatment is 180 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.075mm, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous titanium-based tube to obtain the micro-flow porous titanium material with the gradient aperture structure; the diameter of the micro-flow porous titanium material is 44mm +/-0.2 mm, the porosity is 5.6%, the maximum aperture in the gradient pore structure is 4 microns, and the minimum aperture is 1 micron.
Example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, filling titanium powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 160MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, then placing the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1070 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and obtaining a porous titanium pipe body; the aperture of the porous titanium pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous titanium pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous titanium material, wherein the rotating speed adopted by machining is 280 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.5mm, and the porous titanium base pipe with the length of 45mm +/-1 mm and the outer diameter of 45mm is obtained;
step three, machining the compact titanium material to the size matched with the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact titanium end cover, and selecting the compact titanium end cover to punch the hole until the hole diameter is 10mm to obtain the compact titanium end cover with the hole;
step four, adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, wherein the power adopted by the laser welding method is 1800kW, the laser speed is 3m/min, the swing amplitude is 0.3mm, respectively welding the compact titanium end cover and the compact titanium end cover with holes obtained in the step three to the two ends of the porous titanium-based tube obtained in the step two, then carrying out machining treatment on the surface of the porous titanium-based tube, wherein the rotating speed adopted by the machining treatment is 180 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.075mm, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous titanium-based tube to obtain the micro-flow porous titanium material with the gradient aperture structure; the diameter of the micro-flow porous titanium material is 45mm +/-0.2 mm, the porosity is 6.6%, the maximum aperture in the gradient pore structure is 4 microns, and the minimum aperture is 1 micron.
Example 5
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, filling titanium powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 180MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, then placing the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and obtaining a porous titanium pipe body; the aperture of the porous titanium pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous titanium pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous titanium material, wherein the rotating speed adopted by machining is 280 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.5mm, and the porous titanium base pipe with the length of 45mm +/-1 mm and the outer diameter of 44mm is obtained;
step three, machining the compact titanium material to the size matched with the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact titanium end cover, and selecting the compact titanium end cover to punch the hole until the hole diameter is 10mm to obtain the compact titanium end cover with the hole;
step four, adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, wherein the power adopted by the laser welding method is 1800kW, the laser speed is 1.5m/min, the swing amplitude is 0.6mm, respectively welding the compact titanium end cover and the compact titanium end cover with holes obtained in the step three to the two ends of the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two, then carrying out machining treatment on the surface of the porous titanium base pipe, wherein the rotating speed adopted by the machining treatment is 180 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.075mm, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous titanium base pipe to obtain the micro-flow porous titanium material with the gradient aperture structure; the diameter of the micro-flow porous titanium material is 44mm +/-0.2 mm, the porosity is 6.4%, the maximum aperture in the gradient pore structure is 4 microns, and the minimum aperture is 1 micron.
Example 6
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, filling titanium powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 200MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, then placing the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and obtaining a porous titanium pipe body; the aperture of the porous titanium pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous metal pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous metal material, wherein the rotating speed adopted by machining is 280 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.5mm, and the porous titanium base pipe with the length of 45mm +/-1 mm and the outer diameter of 44.5mm is obtained;
step three, machining the compact titanium material to the size matched with the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact titanium end cover, and selecting the compact titanium end cover to punch the hole until the hole diameter is 10mm to obtain the compact titanium end cover with the hole;
step four, adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, wherein the power adopted by the laser welding method is 1800kW, the laser speed is 1.5m/min, the swing amplitude is 0.6mm, respectively welding the compact titanium end cover and the compact titanium end cover with holes obtained in the step three to the two ends of the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two, then carrying out machining treatment on the surface of the porous titanium base pipe, wherein the rotating speed adopted by the machining treatment is 180 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.075mm, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous titanium base pipe to obtain the micro-flow porous titanium material with the gradient aperture structure; the micro-flow porous titanium material has the diameter of 44.5mm +/-0.2 mm, the porosity of 2.4 percent, the maximum aperture of 5 mu m in a gradient pore structure and the minimum aperture of 1 mu m.
Example 7
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, filling titanium powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 200MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, then placing the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and obtaining a porous titanium pipe body; the aperture of the porous titanium pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous titanium pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous titanium material, wherein the rotating speed adopted by machining is 280 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.5mm, and the porous titanium base pipe with the length of 45mm +/-1 mm and the outer diameter of 48mm is obtained;
step three, machining the compact titanium material to the size matched with the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact titanium end cover, and selecting the compact titanium end cover to punch the hole until the hole diameter is 10mm to obtain the compact titanium end cover with the hole;
step four, adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, wherein the power adopted by the laser welding method is 1800kW, the laser speed is 1.5m/min, the swing amplitude is 0.6mm, respectively welding the compact titanium end cover and the compact titanium end cover with holes obtained in the step three to the two ends of the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two, then carrying out machining treatment on the surface of the porous titanium base pipe, wherein the rotating speed adopted by the machining treatment is 180 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.075mm, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous titanium base pipe to obtain the micro-flow porous titanium material with the gradient aperture structure; the micro-flow porous titanium material has the diameter of 48mm +/-0.2 mm, the porosity of 16%, the maximum pore diameter of 5 microns in the gradient pore structure and the minimum pore diameter of 1 micron.
Example 8
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, filling titanium powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 200MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, then placing the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and obtaining a porous titanium pipe body; the aperture of the porous titanium pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous titanium pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous titanium material, wherein the rotating speed adopted by machining is 280 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.5mm, and the porous titanium base pipe with the length of 45mm +/-1 mm and the outer diameter of 48mm is obtained;
step three, machining the compact titanium material to the size matched with the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact titanium end cover, and selecting the compact titanium end cover to punch the hole until the hole diameter is 10mm to obtain the compact titanium end cover with the hole;
step four, adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, wherein the power adopted by the laser welding method is 1800kW, the laser speed is 1.5m/min, the swing amplitude is 0.6mm, respectively welding the compact titanium end cover and the compact titanium end cover with holes obtained in the step three to the two ends of the porous titanium base pipe obtained in the step two, then carrying out machining treatment on the surface of the porous titanium base pipe, wherein the rotating speed adopted by the machining treatment is 180 revolutions per minute, the feed rate is 0.075mm, and a small-aperture structure is formed on the surface of the porous titanium base pipe to obtain the micro-flow porous titanium material with the gradient aperture structure; the micro-flow porous titanium material has the diameter of 48mm +/-0.2 mm, the porosity of 12 percent, the maximum aperture of 4 mu m in the gradient pore structure and the minimum aperture of 1 mu m.
The titanium powder in the first step of the embodiments 1 to 8 of the invention can be replaced by titanium alloy, nickel alloy or stainless steel powder; and step two, cutting all the porous titanium base body tubes, and performing subsequent welding and dense metal end cover and machining treatment, wherein the length after cutting is not less than 10 mm.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a micro-flow porous metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, filling metal powder of-500 meshes into a mould, pressing under 100 MPa-200 MPa by adopting a cold isostatic pressing method to obtain a porous pipe blank, and sintering the porous pipe blank under a vacuum condition to obtain a porous metal pipe body; the sintering temperature is 0.6-0.8 times of the melting point of the metal powder for preparing the porous tube blank; the aperture of the porous metal pipe body is not more than 10 mu m;
step two, machining the surface of the porous metal pipe body obtained in the step one according to the size of the target product micro-flow porous metal material to obtain a porous metal matrix pipe;
step three, machining the compact metal material to the size matched with the porous metal base body pipe obtained in the step two to obtain a compact metal end cover, and selecting the compact metal end cover to punch to obtain a compact metal end cover with holes;
step four, respectively welding the compact metal end covers and the compact metal end covers with holes obtained in the step three to the two ends of the porous metal matrix pipe obtained in the step two by adopting a laser welding method under the protection of argon, then machining the surface of the porous metal matrix pipe, and forming a small-aperture structure on the surface of the porous metal matrix pipe to obtain the micro-flow porous metal material with the gradient pore structure; the rotation speed adopted by the machining treatment is 180-200 r/min, and the feed amount is 0.5-0.075 mm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous metal tube is made of titanium, titanium alloy, nickel alloy, or stainless steel.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sintering in step one is a step-wise sintering at 900-1100 ℃ for 1-2 h.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the length of the porous metal substrate tube in step two is (10 mm-55 mm) ± 1 mm.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the machining in step two is performed at a speed of 280 rpm with a feed rate of 0.5 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the holes are punched in step three to form pores with a diameter of 10 mm.
7. The method of claim 1 in which the laser welding process in step four uses a power of 1500kW to 1800kW, a laser speed of 1m/min to 3m/min, and a swing range of 0.3mm to 0.6 mm.
8. The method of claim 1 in which the diameter of the microfluidic porous metal material in step four is not more than 50mm ± 0.2 mm.
9. The method of claim 1 in which the micro-fluidic porous metal material in step four has a pore size of not more than 10 μm and a porosity of not more than 20%.
10. The method of claim 9 in which the micro-fluidic porous metal material in step four has a pore size of 1-5 μm and a porosity of no more than 20%.
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