CN113695744A - Energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method - Google Patents
Energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113695744A CN113695744A CN202111027912.4A CN202111027912A CN113695744A CN 113695744 A CN113695744 A CN 113695744A CN 202111027912 A CN202111027912 A CN 202111027912A CN 113695744 A CN113695744 A CN 113695744A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy restraint type narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method, which relates to the technical field of laser welding and comprises the following steps: s10, designing a groove, and processing the groove between two pieces to be welded; s20, preparing before welding, fixing two pieces to be welded on a workbench, and cleaning the groove by using shielding gas; s30, prewelding, namely feeding the welding wire to the bottom of the groove, prewelding the welding wire and the to-be-welded part by using a laser beam to fix the welding wire at the bottom of the groove, and carrying out prewelding by using a laser beam out of focus to enter the groove for welding; and S40, continuously welding, wherein the negative defocused laser beam enters the groove for welding, and the focus is positioned inside the welding wire. When the invention combines the prewelding of the positive defocusing laser beam and the continuous welding of the negative defocusing laser beam to weld the narrow-gap laser filler wire, the welding power is reduced, and simultaneously the side wall fusion of the narrow gap and the welding strength of the narrow-gap laser filler wire welding can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to an energy restraint type narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method.
Background
The thick plate welding structure is widely applied to the fields of ship manufacturing, ocean engineering, nuclear power equipment, aerospace and the like, particularly, the thick plate is most applied in the field of nuclear power equipment, the plate thickness range is also the largest, for example, a reactor pressure vessel is formed by welding large-thickness stainless steel plates, and the wall thickness of some vessels can reach 250mm at most. The existing thick plate welding methods mainly comprise argon arc welding (TIG), narrow-gap submerged arc welding and narrow-gap gas metal arc welding. Because of the large heat input of these welding methods, the welded joint structure is relatively coarse, and the joint residual stress and deformation are large.
Compared with the conventional welding method, the narrow gap laser filler wire welding method combines the dual advantages of laser welding and narrow gap welding, has the advantages of small heat input, small welding heat affected zone and welding deformation and the like, and is increasingly emphasized as an efficient thick plate welding method. The existing narrow-gap laser wire-filling welding technology for thick plates mostly adopts focusing light spots to act on welding wires, and the welding wires are melted to fill gaps through a deep melting welding mode to form welding seams. The method has the advantages of small plate thickness range of welding, easy occurrence of welding air holes, non-fusion of the bottom and the like. This is because the gap width must be large enough to ensure that the beam does not act on the groove bottom by being blocked by the upper end surface or the side surface of the groove due to the existence of the divergence angle of the laser beam. The gap width increases with increasing welded plate thickness. However, when the gap is large, since the laser energy is highly concentrated and the laser welding has a limited fusion width, a defect that the side wall is not fused occurs. In the prior art, for example, patent CN103801833B and patent CN108705195A are both welded in a way that defocusing amount is positive defocusing, so that a laser beam enters a narrow gap groove of a workpiece to be welded, and acts on the bottom and a side wall of the groove at the same time, thereby solving the defect that the side wall is not fused in the narrow gap welding process, but when the defocusing amount of the laser beam adopts positive defocusing, the welding intensity of laser welding is reduced, so that the welding intensity needs to be ensured by increasing the output power of a fiber laser, which leads to a requirement of high power in the selection aspect of the laser, and the selection cost of the fiber laser is undoubtedly increased.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the skilled person is how to provide an energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method capable of performing laser welding on a narrow gap through a low-power fiber laser, and simultaneously ensuring fusion of the side walls of the narrow gap and welding strength.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method, which aims to solve one of the technical problems in the background art, and a low-power fiber laser is capable of fusing the side walls of the narrow gap and ensuring the welding strength of the narrow gap, so that the selection cost of the fiber laser can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the welding strength.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method comprises the following steps:
s10, designing a groove, and processing the groove between two pieces to be welded;
s20, preparing before welding, fixing two pieces to be welded on a workbench, and cleaning the groove by using shielding gas;
s30, prewelding, namely feeding a welding wire to the bottom of the groove, prewelding the welding wire and a to-be-welded part by using a laser beam to fix the welding wire at the bottom of the groove, and carrying out prewelding by using a laser beam out of focus to enter the groove for welding;
s40, continuous welding, wherein the negative defocused laser beam enters the groove for welding, and the focus is positioned inside the welding wire;
wherein, the prewelding process and the continuous welding process blow shielding gas to the welding point.
Further, the welding power at the time of prewelding is smaller than that at the time of continuous welding.
Further, the prewelding adopts spot welding, interval welding or spiral welding.
Further, the cross section of the groove is I-shaped, U-shaped or V-shaped.
Further, the prewelding forms a prewelding molten pool, and the prewelding molten pool comprises a partial welding wire area and partial areas of parts to be welded on the groove side walls on two sides of the welding wire.
Further, the continuous welding forms a welding molten pool, and the welding molten pool comprises a welding wire area, two partial areas to be welded at the bottom of the welding wire and partial areas of the groove side wall.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses an energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method, a groove is formed between two parts to be welded, a welding wire is fixed at the bottom of the groove in a prewelding mode, and then the welding wire at the bottom of the groove is welded in a high-power negative defocusing laser beam welding mode, so that a focus is positioned in the welding wire, and the welding wire and the parts to be welded at the bottom and two sides of the welding wire can be melted to form a welding pool.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a to-be-welded part and a welding wire provided by the invention before welding;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pre-weld welding process provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a joint welding process provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a preweld using a spaced weld according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a pre-weld provided by the present invention using spiral welding;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the structural joint provided by the present invention after welding is complete.
Wherein: 1 is a part to be welded; 2 is a groove; 3 is a protective gas nozzle; 4, a wire feeding system; 5 is a welding wire; 6 is a laser beam; 7 is a prewelding molten pool; and 8 is a welding pool.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, wherein the direction of an arrow in the figures is a welding direction, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method, which includes the following steps:
s10, designing a groove, namely machining a groove 2 between two pieces to be welded 1, wherein the cross section of the groove 2 is I-shaped, U-shaped or V-shaped, and the groove 2 with the V-shaped cross section is preferred;
s20, preparing before welding, fixing two pieces to be welded 1 on a workbench, cleaning the groove 2 with shielding gas to prevent impurities from remaining in the groove 2 and affecting the subsequent welding quality, wherein the shielding gas is blown to the groove 2 area through a shielding gas nozzle 3, the shielding gas is preferably high-purity argon gas of 99.999% as the shielding gas, in other embodiments, other inert gases may be selected as the shielding gas, such as nitrogen or helium;
s30, prewelding, namely, feeding a welding wire 5 into the bottom of the groove 2 by using a wire feeding system 4, wherein the width of the bottom of the groove 2 is larger than the diameter of the welding wire 5, the bottom of the welding wire 5 can be contacted with the bottom of the groove 2, prewelding the welding wire 5 and a to-be-welded part 1 by using a laser beam 6, so that the welding wire 5 is fixed at the bottom of the groove 2, and the prewelding is carried out by using a laser beam 6 out of focus to enter the groove 2, wherein the prewelding adopts spot welding, interval welding or spiral welding, the spiral welding is sine continuous welding, the welding power is lower in the prewelding process, the prewelding aims at fixing the welding wire 5 at the bottom of the groove 2 for subsequent continuous welding, the prewelding forms a prewelding molten pool 7, the prewelding molten pool 7 comprises a partial welding wire area and partial areas of the to-be-welded part on the side walls of the groove 2 on two sides of the welding wire 5, and the partial welding wire area is an area for melting the welding wire 5 in the prewelding process, in the prewelding process, the whole cross section area of the welding wire 5 is not completely melted, and only the upper part area of the welding wire 5 is melted with the parts to be welded 1 of the grooves 2 on the two sides of the welding wire 5, so that the welding wire 5 is fixed at the bottom of the groove 2;
s40, continuous welding is carried out, the negative defocused laser beam 6 enters the groove 2 for welding, the focus of the laser beam 6 is located inside the welding wire 5, and the negative defocused laser beam 6 is adopted for continuous welding for welding, so that a welding pool 8 with a large area is formed by taking the welding wire 5 as the center, the welding parts 1 to be welded on the two sides and the bottom of the welding wire 5 can be fused and form a whole, and further the welding strength is ensured;
wherein, all blow the protective gas to the welding point in prewelding process and continuous welding process, specifically, the protective gas blows to the welding point through protective gas nozzle 3, and the protective gas is preferably 99.999% high-purity argon gas, and the effect of high-purity argon gas can make and wait to weld piece 1 and avoid oxidation, avoid the splash of metal vapour pollution and liquid molten drop and the plasma that produces and dispel and shield to high power laser welding process in welding process, and then guarantees welding quality.
In this embodiment, the welding power during prewelding is less than that during continuous welding, and the prewelding of the positive defocusing laser beam 6 and the continuous welding of the negative defocusing laser beam 6 are combined, so that the welding power of the narrow-gap laser filler wire can be reduced, that is, the requirement on the output power of the fiber laser is reduced, and the side wall fusion of the narrow gap and the welding strength of the narrow-gap laser filler wire can be still ensured.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. An energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, designing a groove, and processing the groove between two pieces to be welded;
s20, preparing before welding, fixing two pieces to be welded on a workbench, and cleaning the groove by using shielding gas;
s30, prewelding, namely feeding a welding wire to the bottom of the groove, prewelding the welding wire and a to-be-welded part by using a laser beam, fixing the welding wire at the bottom of the groove, and carrying out prewelding by using a laser beam out of focus to enter the groove for welding;
s40, continuous welding, wherein the negative defocused laser beam enters the groove for welding, and the focus is positioned inside the welding wire;
wherein, the prewelding process and the continuous welding process blow shielding gas to the welding point.
2. The energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method of claim 1, wherein the welding power during prewelding is lower than that during continuous welding.
3. An energy-restraint narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the prewelding is spot welding, space welding or spiral welding.
4. The energy-restraint narrow-gap laser wire-filling welding method according to claim 1, wherein the groove has a cross-sectional shape of I-shape, U-shape or V-shape.
5. The energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method according to claim 1, wherein the prewelding forms a prewelding molten pool, and the prewelding molten pool comprises a partial welding wire area and partial areas of a part to be welded on the groove side walls on two sides of the welding wire.
6. The energy-constrained narrow-gap laser wire-filling welding method according to claim 1, wherein the continuous welding forms a welding pool, and the welding pool comprises a welding wire area, two partial areas to be welded at the bottom of the welding wire and a partial area of the groove side wall.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111027912.4A CN113695744A (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | Energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method |
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| CN202111027912.4A CN113695744A (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | Energy-constrained narrow-gap laser filler wire welding method |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012020291A (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2012-02-02 | Hiroshima Univ | Technique of multipass laser welding of narrow gap |
| CN108526690A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-14 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | The pre- filler narrow gap welding new method of myriawatt grade laser |
| CN113210870A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏通宇钢管集团有限公司 | Efficient laser-electric arc composite heat source high-strength steel pipeline straight seam welding process |
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2021
- 2021-09-02 CN CN202111027912.4A patent/CN113695744A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012020291A (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2012-02-02 | Hiroshima Univ | Technique of multipass laser welding of narrow gap |
| CN108526690A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-14 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | The pre- filler narrow gap welding new method of myriawatt grade laser |
| CN113210870A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏通宇钢管集团有限公司 | Efficient laser-electric arc composite heat source high-strength steel pipeline straight seam welding process |
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Application publication date: 20211126 |