CN113695369A - Method for in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil through multi-technology coupling - Google Patents
Method for in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil through multi-technology coupling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil in situ by coupling multiple technologies, which belongs to the technical field of contaminated soil restoration and comprises the steps of reinforced multiphase extraction treatment, in-situ chemical oxidation treatment of a low-concentration oxidation agent, construction of original site indigenous microbial flora and in-situ biological reinforced treatment, thereby realizing standard restoration of the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The invention combines the multiphase extraction technology, the chemical oxidation technology and the bioremediation technology in a coupling way, the multiphase extraction technology efficiently removes high-concentration pollution sources, the chemical oxidation technology rapidly repairs medium-concentration pollutants, the bioremediation technology thoroughly removes low-concentration pollutants, and the repair effect is ensured to reach the standard stably for a long time. The method has the advantages of reasonable process, low cost, small influence on soil environment, easy popularization and implementation, particular suitability for repairing aged petroleum polluted sites, and good environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polluted soil remediation, and particularly relates to a method for multi-technology coupling in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil.
Background
With the rapid development of the crude oil exploitation and petroleum refining industries, the generation of petroleum-containing hydrocarbon wastes in various industries is increased correspondingly, and the oil-containing wastewater and the ground crude oil are discharged into the environment to cause serious pollution to the soil. The remediation work of the soil polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon is not slow at all.
At present, the methods for repairing petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil mainly comprise thermal desorption, chemical oxidation, leaching, multiphase extraction, bioremediation and the like. The applicability of various remediation technologies to polluted soil with different pollution degrees is different, so that the adoption of a single remediation method is generally high in treatment cost, limited in treatment effect and incomplete in degradation of some intermediate products. Therefore, the composite process becomes a hot spot for studying by scholars at home and abroad. For example, chinese patent CN106811205B discloses a method for remediating petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by persulfate coupled with the stimulation of indigenous microorganisms, which employs a method of remediating petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by chemical oxidation and biological stimulation; chinese patent CN109652084A discloses a petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil microorganism coupling degradation agent and a use method thereof, and the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil is treated by adopting a chemical surfactant solubilization synergistic microbial agent remediation method.
However, the existing research results have certain limitations, and taking the above research results as an example, the addition of high-concentration persulfate in the chemical oxidation technology has a great influence on the ecological environment of microorganisms in soil, and the subsequent technical combination by adopting a biological stimulation mode has a limited effect; the chemical surfactant is not easy to biodegrade, certain adverse effect exists on the environmental safety, and the adaptability and the effectiveness of the strain are difficult to ensure by adding the exogenous microbial agent.
As described above, from the existing research results, it is not uncommon to have a technical method and an engineering example that combine the physical, chemical and biological repair technologies reasonably, so as to remove the high-concentration pollution source efficiently, repair the medium-concentration pollutants rapidly, and remove the low-concentration pollutants thoroughly, thereby ensuring that the repair effect reaches the standard stably for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by multi-technology coupling, which comprises the following steps:
injecting a biosurfactant into a polluted area, and simultaneously carrying out multiphase extraction on polluted underground water containing NAPL in the polluted area;
after injection and extraction are finished, injecting an oxidizing medicament into the polluted area to enable the concentration of the oxidizing medicament in the polluted area to reach 0.1-1%;
taking indigenous microorganisms in the polluted area as a bacteria source, and constructing a microbial flora by using the bacteria source;
injecting the biological flora into the contaminated area;
wherein the bacteria source construction microbial flora comprises the following steps:
preparing a culture solution: the formula of the culture solution is as follows: a composite culture medium, an inorganic carrier, a biosurfactant and tap water; mixing the above components in culture container with aeration device;
inoculation: adding the NAPL into the culture solution, mixing uniformly, and inoculating the bacteria source into the culture container;
domestication: carrying out aeration culture on the inoculated culture solution to obtain a culture solution subjected to acclimatization;
and (3) flora construction: and (3) standing the domesticated culture solution, removing supernatant of the culture solution, supplementing a preset amount of fresh culture solution into a culture container, and continuing culturing until the construction of the functional flora is completed.
Preferably, in the preparing of the culture solution: the formula of the culture solution is as follows: 0.1-1% w/v of composite culture medium, 0.1-1% w/v of inorganic carrier, 0.02-0.2% w/v of biosurfactant and the balance of tap water;
during the inoculation: adding the NAPL into the culture solution and uniformly mixing to ensure that the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 in the culture solution reaches 100-200mg/L, adjusting the pH to 7-9, inoculating the bacteria source into the culture container to ensure that the concentration of the inoculated bacteria source is 2-10g/L in terms of the dry mass of the sludge;
in the acclimation process: and (3) carrying out aeration culture on the inoculated culture solution, and controlling DO: 2-4mg/L, temperature: detecting the petroleum hydrocarbon content of the culture solution every 24 hours at 15-37 ℃; after the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon reaches more than 90%, the NAPL is supplemented, so that the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon in the culture solution reaches 200-400 mg/L; continuously culturing until the removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbon reaches above 90%, continuously supplementing NAPL according to the previous concentration, and continuously culturing for 3-5 periods to obtain culture solution after acclimatization is completed;
in the flora construction process: standing the culture solution after the domestication, discarding the supernatant of 10-50% of the volume of the culture solution, preparing a fresh culture solution according to the formula of the culture solution, supplementing the fresh culture solution into a culture container to ensure that the volume of the culture solution reaches the original volume, supplementing the NAP until the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon reaches 400-800mg/L, and continuing the culture; then, when the petroleum hydrocarbon removal rate reaches more than 90%, the culture solution is kept stand, supernatant with the culture solution volume of 10-50% is discarded, fresh culture solution is prepared according to the formula of the culture solution and is supplemented into a culture container, so that the culture solution volume reaches the original volume, NAP is supplemented until the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration reaches 400-800mg/L, and the culture is continued; continuously culturing for 3-5 periods, and completing the construction of functional flora.
Preferably, the composite culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-14 parts of nitrogen source, 3-7 parts of phosphorus source, 10-50 parts of quick-acting carbon source and CaCl20.5-1.5 parts of NaCl1.5-2.5 parts of MgSO40.5-1.5 parts of FeSO40.05-0.15 part;
wherein the nitrogen source comprises one or a combination of more of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
the phosphorus source comprises one or more of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate;
the quick-acting carbon source comprises one or more of glucose, sodium acetate, methanol and molasses.
Preferably, the inorganic carrier comprises one or a combination of more of zeolite powder, diatomite, activated carbon and calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the biosurfactant comprises one or a combination of rhamnolipid and sophorolipid.
Preferably, the oxidizing agent comprises one or more of activated sodium persulfate, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and fenton reagent.
Preferably, the bacteria source collection comprises equal and uniform sampling and uniform mixing of high, medium and low pollution point locations in a petroleum hydrocarbon pollution area to be repaired.
Preferably, the biosurfactant is injected into the contaminated area, and the multiphase extraction of the NAPL-containing contaminated groundwater from the contaminated area comprises:
injecting the biosurfactant with the concentration of 1-10g/L into the polluted area through an injection well in an amount of 1-3 times of the pore volume of the polluted area, simultaneously extracting the polluted underground water containing NAPL in the polluted area by using a multiphase extraction well, and continuously extracting the underground water with the pore volume of 1-2 times of the polluted area after the injection is finished.
Preferably, the oxidizing agent is injected into the contaminated area such that the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the contaminated area reaches 0.1 to 1%, and the maintenance is performed for 5 days or more after the injection.
Preferably, injecting the biological flora into the contaminated area comprises:
after the microbial community is constructed, detecting the residual content of petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 in the culture solution, and adding 0.1-1% w/v of composite culture medium into the microbial community after the petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 is completely degraded, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bacterial solution containing the microbial community;
injecting the bacterial liquid into the polluted area through an injection well, wherein the injection volume is 1-2 times of the pore volume of the polluted area;
and (3) performing low-speed low-flow air injection by adopting an air injection well, and periodically sampling and detecting the concentration of the pollutants until the remediation target is reached.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the multiphase extraction technology, the chemical oxidation technology and the bioremediation technology in a coupling way, wherein the multiphase extraction technology efficiently removes high-concentration pollution sources, the chemical oxidation technology rapidly repairs medium-concentration pollutants, and the bioremediation technology thoroughly removes low-concentration pollutants, thereby ensuring that the remediation effect reaches the standard stably for a long time. The construction of the biological enhanced functional flora is based on indigenous microorganisms in the original field, the adaptability is strong, the biological enhanced functional flora can quickly take effect and is stable and durable after being added, and the residual surfactant in the soil can be effectively removed. The method has the advantages of reasonable process, low cost, small influence on soil environment, easy popularization and implementation, particular suitability for repairing aged petroleum polluted sites, and good environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the synthetic method for in situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by multi-technology coupling according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
A method for in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil through multi-technology coupling comprises the following steps:
injecting a biosurfactant into the polluted area, and simultaneously extracting polluted underground water containing NAPL in the polluted area in a multiphase manner;
specifically, the biosurfactant with the concentration of 1-10g/L is injected into the polluted area through an injection well in an amount of 1-3 times of the pore volume of the polluted area, meanwhile, the polluted underground water containing NAPL is extracted by adopting a multiphase extraction well in the polluted area, and the underground water with the pore volume of 1-2 times of the pore volume of the polluted area is continuously extracted after the injection is finished. Compared with the traditional multiphase extraction process, the method has the advantages that the biosurfactant is added, the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the soil can be transferred from the solid phase to the liquid phase, the high-concentration pollution source can be efficiently removed, the NAPL phase can be thoroughly removed after the reinforced multiphase extraction treatment, and the concentration of the pollutants entering the subsequent chemical oxidation and bioremediation stages is reduced. Meanwhile, the biosurfactant remained in the soil can increase the water solubility of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, increase the contact of microorganisms and the pollutants in the subsequent bioremediation process and promote the absorption and degradation of biological cells to the pollutants. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional chemical surfactant, the biosurfactant adopted by the invention is environment-friendly, can be thoroughly removed through subsequent chemical oxidation and bioremediation, and does not generate any secondary pollution.
After injection and extraction are finished, injecting the oxidizing agent into the polluted area to enable the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the polluted area to reach 0.1-1%;
specifically, the injection is cured for more than 5 days. The method comprises the steps of firstly, efficiently removing a high-concentration pollution source through strengthening a multiphase extraction process to greatly reduce the concentration of pollutants, and then, rapidly repairing medium-concentration pollutants by adopting low-concentration agents of 0.1-1% (w/w), so that the dosage of the oxidation agents is saved, and favorable ecological conditions are created for subsequent bioremediation.
Indigenous microorganisms in the polluted area are used as a bacteria source, and a microbial flora is constructed by the bacteria source;
specifically, the bacteria source collection comprises the steps of carrying out equal-quantity uniform sampling on high, medium and low pollution point positions in a petroleum hydrocarbon pollution area to be repaired, and uniformly mixing; the main reason for the collection is that in the area polluted by the petroleum hydrocarbon for a long time, the indigenous microorganisms with certain tolerance and degradation capability to the petroleum hydrocarbon exist in the normal condition, the culture is easy to strengthen, and the functional flora constructed based on the indigenous microorganisms is added back to the original polluted area after the preparation is finished, so that the adaptability is strong, the dominant species can be quickly acted, the long-term continuous addition is not needed, and the biosafety problem does not exist.
Injecting the biological flora into the polluted area;
wherein, the step of constructing microbial flora by the bacterial source comprises the following steps:
preparing a culture solution: the formula of the culture solution is as follows: a composite culture medium, an inorganic carrier, a biosurfactant and tap water; mixing the above components in culture container with aeration device;
inoculation: adding NAPL into the culture solution, mixing well, inoculating the bacterial source into the culture container;
domestication: carrying out aeration culture on the inoculated culture solution to obtain a culture solution after acclimatization;
and (3) flora construction: and (3) standing the domesticated culture solution, removing supernatant of the culture solution, supplementing a preset amount of fresh culture solution into a culture container, and continuing culturing until the construction of the functional flora is completed.
Further, in the process of preparing the culture solution: the formula of the culture solution is as follows: 0.1-1% w/v of composite culture medium, 0.1-1% w/v of inorganic carrier, 0.02-0.2% w/v of biosurfactant and the balance of tap water;
during the inoculation process: NAPL is added into the culture solution and is uniformly mixed to ensure that the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 in the culture solution reaches 100-200mg/L, the pH value is adjusted to 7-9, a bacteria source is inoculated into a culture container to ensure that the concentration of the inoculated bacteria source is 2-10g/L based on the dry mass of the sludge;
specifically, the NAPL phase of the area to be repaired is added into the culture solution as a key step, because petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants are a mixture, the composition of the pollutants is greatly different in different areas due to different production histories and pollution degrees, and if the construction of the functional flora is separated from the original area environment, the adaptability and the effectiveness of the flora are difficult to guarantee, therefore, the NAPL phase of the area to be repaired is used as a target pollutant for the flora construction, the construction process of the functional flora can be always under the condition that the area to be repaired is polluted, the functional flora keeps good adaptability to the area to be repaired, and the targeted preparation of the bacterial flora with the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant degradation function specific to the specific polluted area is facilitated, so that the bacterial flora can be respectively adapted to the corresponding application environments.
The reason why the pH value is adjusted to 7-9 is that in the subsequent chemical oxidation repair process, the oxidizing agent is usually activated in an alkali activation mode, so that the site after chemical oxidation repair is usually in a weakly alkaline environment, the culture environment is maintained to be weakly alkaline in the flora construction stage, the rapid adaptation to the environmental conditions after the adding to the site is ensured, and the rapid effect is achieved. The concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 in the culture solution reaches 100-200mg/L, the concentration of the indigenous microorganism strains after inoculation is 2-10g/L in terms of dry mass of sludge, and other parameter requirements are reasonable ranges obtained by the inventor according to a large amount of experimental researches, and the bacterium group construction is adversely affected when the concentration exceeds the ranges.
In the domestication process: and (3) carrying out aeration culture on the inoculated culture solution, and controlling DO: 2-4mg/L, temperature: detecting the petroleum hydrocarbon content of the culture solution every 24 hours at 15-37 ℃; after the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon reaches more than 90%, NAPL is supplemented, so that the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon in the culture solution reaches 200-400 mg/L; continuously culturing until the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon reaches more than 90%, continuously supplementing NAPL according to the previous concentration, and continuously culturing for 3-5 periods to obtain culture solution after acclimatization is completed;
in the flora construction process: standing the culture solution after the domestication, discarding supernatant of 10-50% of the volume of the culture solution, preparing a fresh culture solution according to the formula of the culture solution, supplementing the fresh culture solution into a culture container to ensure that the volume of the culture solution reaches the original volume, supplementing NAP until the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon reaches 400-800mg/L, and continuing culturing; then, when the petroleum hydrocarbon removal rate reaches more than 90%, the culture solution is kept stand, supernatant with the volume of 10-50% of the culture solution is discarded, fresh culture solution is prepared according to the formula of the culture solution and is supplemented into a culture container, so that the volume of the culture solution reaches the original volume, NAP is supplemented until the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon reaches 400-800mg/L, and the culture is continued; continuously culturing for 3-5 periods, and completing the construction of functional flora.
In the construction process, the concentration gradient of the petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 is increased, the aim is to gradually change the culture environment into a high-pollutant environment, eliminate mixed bacteria which cannot adapt to the environment polluted by high-concentration petroleum hydrocarbon, enable strains which can tolerate and degrade high-content petroleum hydrocarbon substances to gradually adapt to and become dominant bacteria groups, and improve the adaptability and the processing capacity. Compared with the traditional microorganism domestication and culture processes, the establishment process of the flora can be carried out in an open environment, and the operations such as sterilization and the like are not needed, so that special equipment such as a fermentation tank and the like is not needed, the culture container is only formed by adopting a common water tank and an aeration device, and the equipment cost is low. The advantage of the integral culture of the indigenous microorganism flora is that functional strains which cannot be separately cultured by the traditional biotechnology can also grow along with the advantage of the culture process of the flora, so that the processing capacity of the indigenous microorganisms is exerted to the maximum extent, and the strain culture cost is reduced.
Still further, the composite culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-14 parts of nitrogen source, 3-7 parts of phosphorus source, 10-50 parts of quick-acting carbon source and CaCl20.5-1.5 parts of NaCl1.5-2.5 parts of MgSO40.5-1.5 parts of FeSO40.05-0.15 part; the compound culture medium provides necessary nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements for the construction of indigenous microbial flora in the original polluted area, and the addition of the quick-acting carbon source can effectively solve the problem that microorganisms are difficult to utilize under the condition of using petroleum hydrocarbon as the carbon source.
Wherein the nitrogen source comprises one or more of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
the phosphorus source comprises one or more of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate;
the quick-acting carbon source comprises one or more of glucose, sodium acetate, methanol and molasses.
In this embodiment, the inorganic carrier includes one or a combination of zeolite powder, diatomite, activated carbon and calcium carbonate. The function of adding the inorganic carrier is mainly to provide a place for the attachment and growth of microorganisms, thereby improving the strain concentration of the established indigenous microbial flora.
The biosurfactant comprises one or two of rhamnolipid and sophorolipid. The oxidizing agent comprises one or more of activated sodium persulfate, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and Fenton reagent. The function of adding the biosurfactant is to increase the water solubility of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, reduce the surface tension, increase the contact of microorganisms and the pollutants, promote the absorption and degradation of biological cells to the pollutants and accelerate the construction progress of flora.
In this embodiment, injecting the biological flora into the contaminated area comprises:
after the microbial community is constructed, detecting the residual content of petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 in the culture solution, adding 0.1-1% w/v of composite culture medium into the microbial community after determining that the petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 is completely degraded, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bacterial solution containing the microbial community;
injecting the bacterial liquid into the polluted area through an injection well, wherein the injection volume is 1-2 times of the pore volume of the polluted area;
adopt the air injection well to carry out low-speed low flow air injection, periodic sampling detection pollutant concentration, until reaching the restoration target, this microbial community not only can thoroughly get rid of the low concentration petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant after aforementioned technology is handled, can also thoroughly degrade the biosurfactant that remains in soil, eliminate secondary pollution, ensure that the repair effect is stable up to standard for a long time.
In this embodiment, the NAPL phase of the site to be repaired is used as the target pollutant for the flora construction, so that the construction process of the functional flora can be always under the condition of polluted environment of the area to be repaired, the flora can keep good adaptability to the area to be repaired, and the problem that the adaptability and effectiveness cannot be guaranteed by using an exogenous microbial inoculum in the conventional bioremediation process is effectively solved.
Example 1
In an old site of a petrochemical plant, the soil overproof pollutant is petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40), the highest concentration in the soil is 53400mg/kg, NAPL phase exists, the process is adopted to repair the soil, and the specific implementation conditions are as follows:
reinforced multiphase extraction treatment:
injecting rhamnolipid with the concentration of 10g/L into a polluted region through an injection well in an amount which is 2 times of the pore volume of the polluted region, simultaneously extracting polluted underground water containing NAPL in the polluted region by adopting a multiphase extraction well, collecting the polluted underground water on the ground, then treating the polluted underground water according to a conventional method, and continuously extracting the underground water with the pore volume which is 2 times of the pore volume of the polluted region after the injection is finished;
low-concentration in-situ chemical oxidation treatment:
injecting activated sodium persulfate into the polluted area through an injection well to ensure that the concentration of the activated sodium persulfate in the polluted soil reaches 1% (w/w), and maintaining for 10 days after the injection is finished;
constructing an original site indigenous microbial community:
collecting equivalent soil samples from the points with the pollution concentrations of about 50000mg/kg, 10000mg/kg and 1000mg/kg in the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted site, and uniformly mixing the soil samples to serve as an indigenous microbial source constructed by functional flora;
preparing a culture solution, wherein the formula is as follows: 1% w/v compound culture medium, 0.1% w/v zeolite powder, 0.2% w/v rhamnolipid, and the balance of tap water; mixing the above components in culture container with aeration device;
the formula of the compound culture medium is as follows: 6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of urea, 2 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 30 parts of glucose and CaCl21.5 parts of NaCl2.5 parts of MgSO 241 part of FeSO40.1 part.
Inoculation: adding NAPL phase of the field into the culture solution, uniformly mixing to make the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) of the culture solution reach 200mg/L, adjusting pH to about 8, inoculating the collected indigenous microorganism bacterial source into a culture container, and making the concentration of the indigenous microorganism bacterial source after inoculation be 10g/L calculated by the dry mass of sludge;
native microorganism domestication: and (3) carrying out aeration culture on the inoculated culture solution, and controlling DO: 4mg/L, temperature: detecting the content of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) in the culture solution every 24h at 37 ℃; after the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 90 percent, replenishing NAPL phase to make the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) in the culture solution reach 400mg/L, continuing the culture, and then replenishing NAPL phase according to the concentration when the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 90 percent, and continuously culturing for 5 periods;
indigenous microorganism culture: standing the culture solution obtained by the culture, discarding supernatant liquid with the volume of 30% of the culture solution, preparing fresh culture solution, supplementing into a culture container to make the volume of the culture solution reach the original volume, supplementing NAPL phase until the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches 800mg/L, and continuing to culture; after that, when the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 90 percent, the culture solution is kept stand, supernatant fluid with the volume of 30 percent of the culture solution is discarded, fresh culture solution is prepared according to the formula of the composite culture medium and is supplemented into a culture container, so that the volume of the culture solution reaches the original volume, NAPL phase is supplemented until the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches 800mg/L, and the culture is continued; continuously culturing for 5 periods, and completing the construction of functional flora;
in-situ biological strengthening treatment:
adjusting bacterial liquid: after the functional flora is constructed, firstly detecting the residual content of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) in a culture solution, determining that the degradation rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 95 percent, adding 1 percent w/v of the composite culture medium into the functional flora, and uniformly stirring;
injecting bacterial liquid: injecting the bacterial liquid into a polluted area through an injection well, wherein the injection volume is 2 times of the pore volume of the polluted area;
operation and maintenance: and (3) performing low-speed low-flow air injection by using an air injection well, sampling every week to detect the concentration of the pollutants, and after 5 months, reducing the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) to be below 800mg/kg to reach the site remediation target value, thus completing remediation.
Example 2
In an old site of a certain machinery manufacturing plant, the soil overproof pollutant is petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40), the highest concentration in the soil is 15000mg/kg, NAPL phase exists, the process is adopted to repair the soil, and the specific implementation conditions are as follows:
reinforced multiphase extraction treatment:
injecting sophorolipid with the concentration of 1g/L into a polluted region by an injection well in an amount which is 3 times of the pore volume of the polluted region, simultaneously extracting polluted underground water containing NAPL in the polluted region by adopting a multiphase extraction well, collecting the polluted underground water on the ground, then treating the polluted underground water according to a conventional method, and continuously extracting the underground water with the pore volume which is 2 times of the pore volume of the polluted region after the injection is finished;
low-concentration in-situ chemical oxidation treatment:
injecting activated sodium persulfate into the polluted area through an injection well to ensure that the concentration of the activated sodium persulfate in the polluted soil reaches 0.1 percent (w/w), and maintaining for 5 days after the injection is finished;
constructing an original site indigenous microbial community:
collecting equal soil samples at point positions with pollution concentrations of about 15000mg/kg, 5000mg/kg and 1000mg/kg in the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted site, and uniformly mixing the soil samples to serve as an indigenous microbial source constructed by functional floras;
preparing a culture solution, wherein the formula is as follows: 0.1% w/v composite culture medium, 0.5% w/v diatomite, 0.02% w/v sophorolipid and the balance of tap water; mixing the above components in culture container with aeration device;
the formula of the compound culture medium is as follows: 3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2 parts of sodium acetate, 8 parts of molasses and CaCl20.5 part, NaCl1.5 parts, MgSO40.5 part of FeSO40.15 part.
Inoculation: adding NAPL phase of the field into the culture solution, uniformly mixing to make the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) of the culture solution reach 100mg/L, adjusting pH to 7, inoculating the collected indigenous microorganism bacterial source into a culture container, and making the concentration of the indigenous microorganism bacterial source after inoculation be 2g/L calculated by the dry mass of sludge;
native microorganism domestication: and (3) carrying out aeration culture on the inoculated culture solution, and controlling DO: 2mg/L, temperature: detecting the content of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) in the culture solution every 24h at 28 ℃; after the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 90 percent, replenishing NAPL phase to make the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) in the culture solution reach 200mg/L, continuing the culture, and then replenishing NAPL phase according to the concentration every time the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 90 percent, and continuously culturing for 3 periods;
indigenous microorganism culture: standing the culture solution obtained by the culture, discarding supernatant liquid with the volume of 50% of the culture solution, preparing fresh culture solution, supplementing into a culture container to make the volume of the culture solution reach the original volume, supplementing NAPL phase until the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches 400mg/L, and continuing to culture; after that, when the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 90 percent, the culture solution is kept stand, the supernatant fluid with the volume of 50 percent of the culture solution is discarded, fresh culture solution is prepared according to the formula of the compound culture medium and is supplemented into a culture container, so that the volume of the culture solution reaches the original volume, NAPL phase is supplemented until the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches 400mg/L, and the culture is continued; continuously culturing for 3 periods, and completing the construction of functional flora;
in-situ biological strengthening treatment:
adjusting bacterial liquid: after the functional flora is constructed, firstly detecting the residual content of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) in a culture solution, determining that the degradation rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 95 percent, adding 0.1 percent w/v of the composite culture medium into the functional flora, and uniformly stirring;
injecting bacterial liquid: injecting the bacterial liquid into a polluted area through an injection well, wherein the injection volume is 1.5 times of the pore volume of the polluted area;
operation and maintenance: and (3) performing low-speed low-flow air injection by using an air injection well, sampling every week to detect the concentration of the pollutants, and after 3 months, reducing the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) to be below 500mg/kg to reach the site remediation target value to finish remediation.
Example 3
In an old site of a petrochemical plant, the soil overproof pollutant is petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40), the highest concentration in the soil is 37000mg/kg, NAPL phase exists, the process is adopted for soil remediation, and the specific implementation conditions are as follows:
reinforced multiphase extraction treatment:
injecting a biosurfactant (the dosage ratio of rhamnolipid to sophorolipid is 4: 1) with the concentration of 7g/L into a polluted region by an injection well in an amount which is 1 time of the pore volume of the polluted region, simultaneously extracting polluted underground water containing NAPL in the polluted region by adopting a multiphase extraction well, collecting the polluted underground water on the ground, then treating the polluted underground water according to a conventional method, and continuously extracting the underground water with the pore volume which is 1 time of the pore volume of the polluted region after the injection is finished;
low-concentration in-situ chemical oxidation treatment:
injecting activated sodium persulfate into the polluted area through an injection well to ensure that the concentration of the activated sodium persulfate in the polluted soil reaches 0.5 percent (w/w), and maintaining for 7 days after the injection is finished;
constructing an original site indigenous microbial community:
collecting equal amount of soil samples from point positions with pollution concentrations of about 35000mg/kg, 8000mg/kg and 1000mg/kg in the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted site, and uniformly mixing to obtain an indigenous microbial strain source constructed by functional flora;
preparing a culture solution, wherein the formula is as follows: 0.6% w/v compound culture medium, 0.5% w/v zeolite powder, 0.5% w/v calcium carbonate, 0.08% w/v rhamnolipid, 0.02% w/v sophorolipid and the balance of tap water; mixing the above components in culture container with aeration device;
the formula of the compound culture medium is as follows: 14 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of methanol, 40 parts of sodium acetate and CaCl21 part, NaCl2 parts and MgSO41.5 parts of FeSO40.05 part.
Inoculation: adding NAPL phase of the field into the culture solution, uniformly mixing to make the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) of the culture solution reach 150mg/L, adjusting pH to 9, inoculating the collected indigenous microorganism bacterial source into a culture container, and making the concentration of the indigenous microorganism bacterial source after inoculation be 6g/L calculated by the dry mass of sludge;
native microorganism domestication: and (3) carrying out aeration culture on the inoculated culture solution, and controlling DO: 3mg/L, temperature: detecting the content of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) in the culture solution every 24h at 15 ℃; after the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 90 percent, replenishing NAPL phase to make the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) in the culture solution reach 300mg/L, continuing the culture, and then replenishing NAPL phase according to the concentration every time the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 90 percent, and continuously culturing for 4 periods;
indigenous microorganism culture: standing the culture solution obtained by the culture, discarding supernatant of 10% of the volume of the culture solution, preparing a fresh culture solution, supplementing the fresh culture solution into a culture container to ensure that the volume of the culture solution reaches the original volume, supplementing NAPL phase until the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches 600mg/L, and continuing to culture; after that, when the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 90 percent, the culture solution is kept stand, the supernatant fluid with the volume of 10 percent of the culture solution is discarded, fresh culture solution is prepared according to the formula of the compound culture medium and is supplemented into a culture container, so that the volume of the culture solution reaches the original volume, NAPL phase is supplemented until the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches 600mg/L, and the culture is continued; continuously culturing for 4 periods, and completing the construction of functional flora;
in-situ biological strengthening treatment:
adjusting bacterial liquid: after the functional flora is constructed, firstly detecting the residual content of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) in a culture solution, determining that the degradation rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) reaches more than 95 percent, adding 0.5 percent w/v of the composite culture medium into the functional flora, and uniformly stirring;
injecting bacterial liquid: injecting the bacterial liquid into a polluted area through an injection well, wherein the injection volume is 1 time of the pore volume of the polluted area;
operation and maintenance: and (3) performing low-speed low-flow air injection by using an air injection well, sampling every week to detect the concentration of the pollutants, and after 4 months, reducing the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon (C10-C40) to be less than 826mg/kg, so as to reach the site remediation target value and finish remediation.
According to the 3 embodiments, the method for repairing the petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil has the advantages that the applicable pollutant concentration range is wide, the method can be used for repairing the polluted soil with the petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 pollution concentration being higher than 50000mg/kg, the pollutant removal effect is obvious, and the pollutant removal rate of various concentration levels can reach more than 99%; the method combines the reinforced multiphase extraction, the low-concentration in-situ chemical oxidation and the in-situ biological reinforcement, organically combines all process steps, on one hand, the reinforced multiphase extraction is firstly carried out, the high-concentration pollution source is efficiently removed, the problems of long repair period, high medicament cost and poor removal effect caused by directly adopting a chemical oxidation process or a biological repair process for high-concentration pollutants are avoided, and meanwhile, the added biosurfactant is beneficial to the absorption and degradation of the pollutants by follow-up microorganisms; on the other hand, low-concentration in-situ chemical oxidation is carried out to quickly repair medium-concentration pollutants, and the addition of a low-concentration oxidation agent creates favorable conditions for subsequent biological repair; finally, the low-concentration pollutants are thoroughly removed by adopting a bioremediation technology, so that the remediation effect is ensured to reach the standard stably for a long time, and the biosurfactant remained in the soil can be thoroughly degraded, so that secondary pollution is avoided; compared with the traditional soil remediation process, the invention has the creativity that the indigenous microorganisms of the site to be remediated are adopted to construct the high-efficiency indigenous microorganism flora on the site to replace the commonly used exogenous microbial inoculum for the in-situ biological enhanced remediation, the NAPL phase of the site to be remediated is used as the target pollutant, the construction process of the functional flora is always under the condition of the polluted environment of the site to be remediated, the constructed indigenous microorganism flora has high effective strain concentration and strong adaptability, can quickly take effect and stably last after being injected into the polluted soil environment, does not have the biological safety problem, does not need to be continuously added for a long time, has low operation cost and has obvious engineering application effect.
In conclusion, the invention creatively provides a set of multi-technology coupling in-situ remediation method for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by taking the organic coupling combination of the multiphase extraction technology, the in-situ chemical oxidation technology and the biological enhancement remediation technology as the core and fully combining the technical principles and ideas of surfactant solubilization, microbial domestication, biological enhancement and the like.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil through multi-technology coupling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
injecting a biosurfactant into a polluted area, and simultaneously carrying out multiphase extraction on polluted underground water containing NAPL in the polluted area;
after injection and extraction are finished, injecting an oxidizing medicament into the polluted area to enable the concentration of the oxidizing medicament in the polluted area to reach 0.1-1%;
taking indigenous microorganisms in the polluted area as a bacteria source, and constructing a microbial flora by using the bacteria source;
injecting the biological flora into the contaminated area;
wherein the bacteria source construction microbial flora comprises the following steps:
preparing a culture solution: the formula of the culture solution is as follows: a composite culture medium, an inorganic carrier, a biosurfactant and tap water; mixing the above components in culture container with aeration device;
inoculation: adding the NAPL into the culture solution, mixing uniformly, and inoculating the bacteria source into the culture container;
domestication: carrying out aeration culture on the inoculated culture solution to obtain a culture solution subjected to acclimatization;
and (3) flora construction: and (3) standing the domesticated culture solution, removing supernatant of the culture solution, supplementing a preset amount of fresh culture solution into a culture container, and continuing culturing until the construction of the functional flora is completed.
2. The method for multi-technology coupling in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein during said preparation of the culture solution: the formula of the culture solution is as follows: 0.1-1% w/v of composite culture medium, 0.1-1% w/v of inorganic carrier, 0.02-0.2% w/v of biosurfactant and the balance of tap water;
during the inoculation: adding the NAPL into the culture solution and uniformly mixing to ensure that the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 in the culture solution reaches 100-200mg/L, adjusting the pH to 7-9, inoculating the bacteria source into the culture container to ensure that the concentration of the inoculated bacteria source is 2-10g/L in terms of the dry mass of the sludge;
in the acclimation process: and (3) carrying out aeration culture on the inoculated culture solution, and controlling DO: 2-4mg/L, temperature: detecting the petroleum hydrocarbon content of the culture solution every 24 hours at 15-37 ℃; after the removal rate of the petroleum hydrocarbon reaches more than 90%, the NAPL is supplemented, so that the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon in the culture solution reaches 200-400 mg/L; continuously culturing until the removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbon reaches above 90%, continuously supplementing NAPL according to the previous concentration, and continuously culturing for 3-5 periods to obtain culture solution after acclimatization is completed;
in the flora construction process: standing the culture solution after the domestication, discarding the supernatant of 10-50% of the volume of the culture solution, preparing a fresh culture solution according to the formula of the culture solution, supplementing the fresh culture solution into a culture container to ensure that the volume of the culture solution reaches the original volume, supplementing the NAP until the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon reaches 400-800mg/L, and continuing the culture; then, when the petroleum hydrocarbon removal rate reaches more than 90%, the culture solution is kept stand, supernatant with the culture solution volume of 10-50% is discarded, fresh culture solution is prepared according to the formula of the culture solution and is supplemented into a culture container, so that the culture solution volume reaches the original volume, NAP is supplemented until the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration reaches 400-800mg/L, and the culture is continued; continuously culturing for 3-5 periods, and completing the construction of functional flora.
3. The method for multi-technology coupling in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein the composite medium comprises, in parts by weight: 6-14 parts of nitrogen source, 3-7 parts of phosphorus source, 10-50 parts of quick-acting carbon source and CaCl20.5-1.5 parts of NaCl1.5-2.5 parts of MgSO40.5-1.5 parts of FeSO40.05-0.15 part;
wherein the nitrogen source comprises one or a combination of more of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
the phosphorus source comprises one or more of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate;
the quick-acting carbon source comprises one or more of glucose, sodium acetate, methanol and molasses.
4. The method for multi-technology coupling in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inorganic carrier comprises one or a combination of zeolite powder, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, and calcium carbonate.
5. The method for multi-technology coupling in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the biosurfactant comprises one or a combination of rhamnolipids and sophorolipids.
6. The method for multi-technology coupling in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises one or a combination of activated sodium persulfate, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, and fenton's reagent.
7. The method for multi-technology coupling in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection of the bacterial source comprises equally and uniformly sampling and mixing high, medium and low contamination points in the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated area to be remediated.
8. The multi-technology coupled in situ remediation method of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the simultaneous multi-phase extraction of NAPL-containing contaminated groundwater from the contaminated area by injecting a biosurfactant into the contaminated area comprises:
injecting the biosurfactant with the concentration of 1-10g/L into the polluted area through an injection well in an amount of 1-3 times of the pore volume of the polluted area, simultaneously extracting the polluted underground water containing NAPL in the polluted area by using a multiphase extraction well, and continuously extracting the underground water with the pore volume of 1-2 times of the polluted area after the injection is finished.
9. The method for multi-technology coupling in-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent is injected into the contaminated area such that the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the contaminated area is between 0.1% and 1%, and the maintenance is performed for more than 5 days after the injection.
10. The method of multi-technology coupling in situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein injecting the population of biological bacteria into the contaminated area comprises:
after the microbial community is constructed, detecting the residual content of petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 in the culture solution, and adding 0.1-1% w/v of composite culture medium into the microbial community after the petroleum hydrocarbon C10-C40 is completely degraded, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bacterial solution containing the microbial community;
injecting the bacterial liquid into the polluted area through an injection well, wherein the injection volume is 1-2 times of the pore volume of the polluted area;
and (3) performing low-speed low-flow air injection by adopting an air injection well, and periodically sampling and detecting the concentration of the pollutants until the remediation target is reached.
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