CN113695005A - Component separation process of soil sample - Google Patents
Component separation process of soil sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN113695005A CN113695005A CN202110894754.6A CN202110894754A CN113695005A CN 113695005 A CN113695005 A CN 113695005A CN 202110894754 A CN202110894754 A CN 202110894754A CN 113695005 A CN113695005 A CN 113695005A
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- soil
- separator
- hopper
- roller
- sieving
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 42
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
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- UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Diphenyl-3-thiocarbazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N=NC(=S)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YJOUISWKEOXIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2N=CSC2=C1 YJOUISWKEOXIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001018064 Homo sapiens Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102100033472 Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000010703 Modiola caroliniana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000038561 Modiola caroliniana Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052924 anglesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002337 anti-port Effects 0.000 description 1
- WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzil Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000739 chronic poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
- B02C4/08—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers with co-operating corrugated or toothed crushing-rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/28—Details
- B02C4/286—Feeding devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/28—Details
- B02C4/30—Shape or construction of rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
- B07B7/08—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
A component separation process of a soil sample relates to the technical field of soil purification, in particular to a process for separating heavy metals in the soil sample and used equipment. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: taking a soil sample, and directly pouring the soil onto a roller through a conveyor belt; step two: crushing the soil by a pair of rolling rollers; step three: directly dropping the ground soil onto a screen, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve to remove the block-shaped substances; step four: soil that sieves directly enters into soil separator 4, through the blast apparatus of below, blows soil, and soil separator is rotatory simultaneously, and on wind-force blown soil separator inner wall, in the upper and lower different cavitys of soil collector were separated respectively to the soil of co-altitude through pivoted centrifugal force, and then with the soil separation of different proportion. The method solves the problems that heavy metals are unevenly distributed in the soil, a large amount of soil samples are required to be taken for detection, the content of the heavy metals in the soil is low, and the detection accuracy is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil purification, in particular to a process for separating heavy metals in a soil sample and used equipment.
Background
Soil is rich and complex in components, and generally comprises minerals, organic substances, moisture, air, microorganisms and the like. The soil provides nutrition and moisture for plants, and is the main place for plant growth, photosynthesis and energy exchange.
The current soil environment problems are mainly: soil erosion, water and soil loss, land desertification, soil salinization and soil pollution, wherein the soil pollution is an important problem to be solved urgently at present. With the development of economy, soil is gradually polluted by industrial waste gas, waste water and waste residues, even some people directly irrigate crops by using industrial waste water, so that heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, arsenic, chromium, mercury, nickel, iron, aluminum, zinc, manganese, copper and the like in the soil are greatly enriched and accumulated, and in addition, the heavy metal content in vegetables and fishes seriously exceeds the standard due to the large use of inorganic chemical pesticides and the like.
When people eat crops produced by the soil, harmful ingredients are continuously accumulated in the human body, so that the phenomenon of heavy metal chronic poisoning of people occurs, and the events cause high attention of governments and wide attention of various social circles. The inorganic pollutants in the soil are relatively outstanding in heavy metal, and the heavy metal is easy to accumulate because the heavy metal cannot be decomposed by soil microorganisms and is converted into methyl compounds with higher toxicity, and even some methyl compounds are accumulated in a human body at harmful concentration through a food chain, so that the human health is seriously harmed.
At present, people can purify heavy metals in polluted water so as to meet the requirements of production and life. However, no method and equipment for separating heavy metals in soil exist at present.
Recently, some manufacturers develop special soil heavy metal detectors, which can detect heavy metals and jointly measure lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, mercury and the like in soil. This detection principle: after the sample is digested, all forms of heavy metals (including arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, iron, aluminum, zinc, manganese, copper and the like) are converted into ionic forms, relevant detection reagents are added to the ionic forms for color development, the color depth of the solution and the content of the heavy metals are in a proportional relation within a certain concentration range, the Lambert-beer law is obeyed, the content value is obtained by measuring through an instrument, and the content value is compared with the standard of the national standard agricultural product safety quality pollution-free vegetable safety requirement allowed limit to judge the content of the heavy metals in the vegetable sample.
Of the many metals in soils where lead is particularly important for plant effects, lead is present primarily as a solid in the form of pb (oh)2/PbCO3/PbSO4, and the soil solution has a very low content of soluble lead, which can also convert calcium ions adsorbed on clay minerals.
However, the distribution of heavy metals in soil is not uniform, and a large amount of soil samples are required for accurate measurement of heavy metals in soil. When the heavy metal content in the soil is not very high, the detection accuracy is low.
In addition, some invention patents provide sewage heavy metal separation methods, but no technology for separating heavy metals in soil is available, and the heavy metal pollution of soil at the present stage is serious, so that the separation of heavy metals in soil is a different technical problem to be solved urgently. However, since the soil is polluted and large-area cultivated land can not be planted, the improvement method at the present stage is to replace the soil, so that more polluted soil is generated, and the treatment is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a component separation process of a soil sample, which solves the problems that heavy metals are not uniformly distributed in soil, a large amount of soil samples are required to be taken for detection, the content of the heavy metals in the soil is low, and the detection accuracy is low.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a process for separating the components of a soil sample, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a soil sample, and directly pouring the soil onto a roller through a conveyor belt;
step two: crushing the soil by a pair of rolling rollers;
step three: directly dropping the ground soil onto a screen, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve to remove the block-shaped substances;
step four: soil that sieves directly enters into soil separator 4, through the blast apparatus of below, blows soil, and soil separator is rotatory simultaneously, and on wind-force blown soil separator inner wall, in the upper and lower different cavitys of soil collector were separated respectively to the soil of co-altitude through pivoted centrifugal force, and then with the soil separation of different proportion.
Further, the component separation process of the soil sample provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: the used equipment comprises a conveyor belt, a grinding roller, a screening hopper, a soil separator and a soil collector;
the conveying belt is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the conveying belt is positioned above the rolling roller, the rolling roller is provided with two rollers which are arranged in parallel, and the rolling roller is driven to rotate by a roller motor; the sieving hopper is arranged below the rolling roller, and a screen is arranged in an upper port of the sieving hopper;
a discharge pipe is arranged at the outlet of the lower end of the sieving hopper, the upper part of the discharge pipe is a conveying rubber cylinder, and the lower part of the discharge pipe is a conveying steel cylinder;
the shell of the soil separator is of a cylindrical structure, and a conveying steel cylinder of a screening hopper is arranged in a central feeding hole on the upper end surface of the soil separator;
the center of the lower end surface of the soil separator is fixedly connected with a cylindrical separator supporting body, and the separator supporting body is arranged on a bearing support of the machine body; an air injection pipe is arranged in a central hole of the separator support body, an air pump is arranged at the lower part of the air injection pipe, and the upper end of the air injection pipe extends into the soil separator;
the separator support body is provided with a separator rotating mechanism for driving the soil separator to rotate, the separator rotating mechanism comprises a large gear, a small gear and a separator motor, the large gear is sleeved and fixed on the separator support body, the rotating shaft of the separator motor is provided with the small gear, and the small gear is meshed with the large gear;
the soil separator is sleeved with an annular soil collector, the soil collector is internally divided into an upper collecting cavity and a lower collecting cavity by a partition body, the surface of the soil separator is provided with holes respectively connected with the upper collecting cavity and the lower collecting cavity, and the upper collecting cavity and the lower collecting cavity are provided with conveying pipes respectively communicated with the outside;
a concave channel is arranged at the center of the inner edge of the separating body, an annular convex rail is arranged on the outer surface of the soil separator, and the convex rail is matched with the concave channel;
further, the component separation process of the soil sample provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: the inner surface of the soil separator is respectively provided with a horizontal concave channel from top to bottom, and the holes are respectively arranged on the concave channels.
Further, the component separation process of the soil sample provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: the surfaces of two rollers of the rolling roller are provided with four-angle star-shaped teeth, the center point of the star-shaped teeth is the highest point, and the positions from the highest point to the four corners are oblique line-shaped tooth edges.
Further, the component separation process of the soil sample provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: the running roller motor is installed on the organism, and a pair of intermeshing's gear is installed respectively on running roller motor pivot and organism, and a pair of gear is connected two through the conveyer belt respectively and is rolled the roller, and a pair of drive gear size is the same, drives two synchronous antiport of running roller, realizes rolling the work.
Further, the component separation process of the soil sample provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: the upper port of the sieving hopper and the screen are obliquely arranged.
Further, the component separation process of the soil sample provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: the screen motor is arranged below one side of the highest end of the port of the screen bucket, the screen motor is installed on the machine body, the rotating shaft of the screen motor is provided with an eccentric wheel, the eccentric wheel abuts against the side wall of the screen bucket, and the eccentric wheel plays a role in vibrating the screen bucket.
Further, the component separation process of the soil sample provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: the lowest outer part of the port of the sieving hopper is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate, and a large soil recovery cylinder is arranged below the side of the guide plate
Further, the component separation process of the soil sample provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: at least three elastic supports are uniformly arranged around the lower side of the sieving hopper side, each elastic support comprises a spring arranged on the machine body and a spherical body arranged on the spring, and the spherical body is propped against the outer periphery of the sieving hopper.
Further, the component separation process of the soil sample provided by the invention also has the following characteristics: the upper end surface of the air injection pipe is a convex semispherical surface, and an air outlet is arranged on the semispherical surface.
According to the invention, the soil is rolled, crushed, sieved and centrifugally separated, heavy metals are separated by utilizing the characteristic of large specific gravity of the heavy metals and a rotary centrifugal principle, and the separated soil has high heavy metal content.
The invention has the advantages that:
firstly, most heavy metals are separated into a few of soils, so that the detection of the heavy metals in the soils is facilitated.
And secondly, separating most heavy metals from the soil, wherein the separated soil contains a small amount of heavy metals, but the content of the heavy metals is low.
And thirdly, the heavy metal content of the soil separated by the method is low, and the polluted soil can be improved and used for indoor planting.
The invention provides a technical scheme for soil purification, and can carry out large-area soil purification and separation by improving the technology.
The invention can be matched with the displacement of the polluted soil to separate the soil, thereby reducing the amount of the polluted soil and the displacement amount of the soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the laminating roller and drive mechanism of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the star teeth on the surface of the lamination roll of fig. 1.
The symbols in the drawings illustrate that: the device comprises a conveying belt 1, a rolling roller 2, a roller motor 2-1, a gear 2-2, a conveying belt 2-3, star-shaped teeth 2-4, a sieving hopper 3, a large soil recycling cylinder 3-1, a screen 3-2, a screen motor 3-3, an eccentric wheel 3-4, a conveying rubber cylinder 3-5, a conveying steel cylinder 3-6, an elastic support 3-7, a guide plate 3-8, a soil separator 4, a concave channel 4-1, a hole 4-2, a convex rail 4-3, a separator support 4-4, a soil collector 5, an upper collecting cavity 5-1, a lower collecting cavity 5-2, a separating body 5-3, a concave channel 5-4, an air injection pipe 6, an air pump 6-1, a separator rotating mechanism 7, a gear 7-1 and a pinion 7-2, a separator motor 7-3 and a machine body 8.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following preferred embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a process for separating components of a soil sample includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a soil sample, and directly pouring the soil onto a roller through a conveyor belt;
step two: crushing the soil by a pair of rolling rollers;
step three: directly dropping the ground soil onto a screen, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve to remove the block-shaped substances;
step four: soil that sieves directly enters into soil separator 4, through the blast apparatus of below, blows soil, and soil separator 4 is rotatory simultaneously, and on wind-force blown soil 4 inner walls of soil separator, the soil of co-altitude separates the upper and lower different cavitys of soil collector 5 respectively through pivoted centrifugal force, and then with the soil separation of different proportion.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the apparatus used comprises a conveyor belt 1, a milling roller 2, a screening hopper 3, a soil separator 4 and a soil collector 5;
the conveying belt 1 is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the conveying belt 1 is located above the rolling roller 2, the rolling roller 2 is provided with two rollers which are arranged in parallel, four-angle star-shaped teeth are arranged on the surfaces of the two rollers, the central point of each star-shaped tooth is the highest point, and oblique tooth edges are arranged from the highest point to the four corners.
The rolling roller 2 is driven to rotate by a roller motor 2-1, the roller motor 2-1 is installed on a machine body 8, a pair of gears 2-2 which are meshed with each other are installed on a rotating shaft of the roller motor 2-1 and the machine body 8 respectively, the pair of gears 2-2 are connected with the two rolling rollers 2 through conveying belts 2-3 respectively, and the pair of transmission gears are identical in size and drive the two rollers to synchronously and reversely rotate so as to realize rolling work.
The sieving hopper 3 is arranged below the rolling roller 2, the sieving hopper 3 is of an inverted conical body structure, a screen mesh 3-2 is arranged in an upper port of the sieving hopper, the upper port of the sieving hopper 3 and the screen mesh 3-2 are arranged in an inclined direction, an arc-shaped guide plate 3-8 is arranged at the lowest outer side of the port of the sieving hopper 3, a large soil recycling cylinder 3-1 is arranged below the side of the guide plate 3-8, and large-particle soil which is not sieved on the screen mesh 3-2 can flow into the large soil recycling cylinder 3-1 and then is collected. A screen motor 3-3 is arranged below one side of the highest end of the port of the screening hopper 3, the screen motor 3-3 is arranged on the machine body 8, an eccentric wheel 3-4 is arranged on a rotating shaft of the screen motor 3-3, the eccentric wheel 3-4 is propped against the side wall of the screening hopper 3, and the eccentric wheel 3-4 plays a role in vibrating the screening hopper 3 so as to facilitate vibrating and screening soil.
At least three elastic supports 3-7 are uniformly arranged around the lower side of the sieving hopper 3, each elastic support 3-7 comprises a spring arranged on the machine body 8 and a sphere arranged on the spring, and the sphere is propped against the outer periphery of the sieving hopper 3. The elastic support 3-7 is matched with the eccentric wheel 3-4 to perform the vibration action on the sieving hopper 3; a discharge pipe is arranged at the outlet of the lower end of the sieving hopper 3, the upper part of the discharge pipe is a conveying rubber cylinder 3-5, the lower part of the discharge pipe is a conveying steel cylinder 3-6, and the lower end opening of the conveying steel cylinder 3-6 is of a horn-shaped structure.
The shell of the soil separator 4 is of a cylindrical structure, a conveying steel cylinder 3-6 of the sieve hopper 3 is arranged in a central feeding hole on the upper end surface of the soil separator 4, and a dynamic seal is arranged between the conveying steel cylinder 3-6 and the shell of the soil separator 4;
the center position of the lower end surface of the soil separator 4 is fixedly connected with a cylindrical separator supporting body 4-4, and the separator supporting body 4-4 is arranged on a bearing support of the machine body 8; an air jet pipe 6 is arranged in a central hole of the separator supporting body 4-4, an air pump 6-1 is arranged at the lower part of the air jet pipe 6, a dynamic seal is arranged between the air jet pipe 6 and the separator supporting body 4-4, the upper end of the air jet pipe 6 extends into the soil separator 4, the upper end surface of the air jet pipe 6 is an upward convex hemispherical surface, and an air outlet hole is arranged on the hemispherical surface.
The separator supporting body 4-4 is provided with a separator rotating mechanism 7 for driving the soil separator 4 to rotate, the separator rotating mechanism 7 comprises a large gear 7-1, a small gear 7-2 and a separator motor 7-3, the large gear 7-1 is sleeved and fixed on the separator supporting body 4-4, the separator motor 7-3 is fixed on the machine body 8, the small gear 7-2 is arranged on a rotating shaft of the separator motor 7-3, and the small gear 7-2 is meshed with the large gear 7-1. The gearwheel 7-1 drives the separator rotation mechanism 7 to rotate via meshed gears.
An annular soil collector 5 is sleeved outside the soil separator 4, the soil collector 5 is fixedly installed on a machine body 8, the soil collector 5 is divided into an upper collecting cavity 5-1 and a lower collecting cavity 5-2 by a partition body 5-3, the surface of the soil separator 4 is provided with a hole 4-2 which is respectively connected with the upper collecting cavity 5-1 and the lower collecting cavity 5-2, and the upper collecting cavity 5-1 and the lower collecting cavity 5-2 are respectively provided with a conveying pipe which is respectively communicated with the outside.
A concave channel 5-4 is arranged at the center of the inner edge of the separator 5-3, an annular convex rail 4-3 is arranged on the outer surface of the soil separator 4, and the convex rail 4-3 is matched with the concave channel 5-4; dynamic seals are respectively arranged between the inner edge of the upper end surface of the soil collector 5, the inner edge of the lower end surface of the soil collector and the inner edge of the separator 5-3 and the shell of the soil separator 4.
The inner surface of the soil separator 4 is respectively provided with a horizontal concave channel 4-1 from top to bottom, and the holes 4-2 are respectively arranged on the concave channels 4-1.
The working principle is as follows: the crushed and sieved soil enters the soil separator 4, the soil separator 4 is driven by the separator rotating mechanism 7 to rotate, meanwhile, in the downward process of the soil, the air injection pipe 6 blows air upwards, the soil is blown into the concave channel 4-1 of the soil separator 4, and under the action of rotating centrifugal force, the soil flows out of the hole 4-2 to the soil collector 5. Because the soil containing heavy metals has high specific gravity, the soil can fall into the concave channel 4-1 below and enter the lower collecting cavity 5-2, the heavy metal content of the soil collected by the lower collecting cavity 5-2 is far greater than that of the soil collected by the upper collecting cavity 5-1, and the content of the soil raw metals collected by the upper collecting cavity 5-1 is low and cannot exceed the heavy multiple standard.
Detection standards of various heavy metals:
1. detection of heavy metal lead: the method adopts a national standard (GB/T5009.12-2003) dithiozone colorimetric method, namely, after a sample is digested, lead ions and dithiozone generate a red complex under the alkalescent condition, and the red complex is dissolved in chloroform for colorimetric determination.
2. Detection of heavy metal chromium: after the sample is digested, under the condition of the existence of divalent manganese, chromium ions react with dibenzoyl dihydrazide to generate a mauve complex, the color depth of the complex is in direct proportion to the content of hexavalent chromium, and the content of chromium can be obtained by colorimetric determination.
3. Detection of heavy metal cadmium: the method adopts a national standard (GB/T5009.15-2003) colorimetric method, namely, after a sample is digested, cadmium ions and 6-bromobenzothiazole azonaphthol generate a red complex under an alkaline condition, and after the red complex is dissolved in trichloromethane, the red complex is subjected to colorimetric determination.
4. Detection of heavy metal mercury: the method adopts a national standard (GB/T5009.17-2003) dithizone colorimetric method, namely, after a sample is digested, mercury ions and dithizone generate an orange-red complex under an acidic condition, and the orange-red complex is dissolved in chloroform for colorimetric determination.
Claims (10)
1. A process for separating the components of a soil sample, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a soil sample, and directly pouring the soil onto a roller through a conveyor belt;
step two: crushing the soil by a pair of rolling rollers;
step three: directly dropping the ground soil onto a screen, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve to remove the block-shaped substances;
step four: soil that sieves directly enters into soil separator 4, through the blast apparatus of below, blows soil, and soil separator is rotatory simultaneously, and on wind-force blown soil separator inner wall, in the upper and lower different cavitys of soil collector were separated respectively to the soil of co-altitude through pivoted centrifugal force, and then with the soil separation of different proportion.
2. The process for separating the components of a soil sample according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a conveyor belt, a roller, a sieve hopper, a soil separator and a soil collector;
the conveying belt is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the conveying belt is positioned above the rolling roller, the rolling roller is provided with two rollers which are arranged in parallel, and the rolling roller is driven to rotate by a roller motor; the sieving hopper is arranged below the rolling roller, and a screen is arranged in an upper port of the sieving hopper;
a discharge pipe is arranged at the outlet of the lower end of the sieving hopper, the upper part of the discharge pipe is a conveying rubber cylinder, and the lower part of the discharge pipe is a conveying steel cylinder;
the shell of the soil separator is of a cylindrical structure, and a conveying steel cylinder of a screening hopper is arranged in a central feeding hole on the upper end surface of the soil separator;
the center of the lower end surface of the soil separator is fixedly connected with a cylindrical separator supporting body, and the separator supporting body is arranged on a bearing support of the machine body; an air injection pipe is arranged in a central hole of the separator support body, an air pump is arranged at the lower part of the air injection pipe, and the upper end of the air injection pipe extends into the soil separator;
the separator support body is provided with a separator rotating mechanism for driving the soil separator to rotate, the separator rotating mechanism comprises a large gear, a small gear and a separator motor, the large gear is sleeved and fixed on the separator support body, the rotating shaft of the separator motor is provided with the small gear, and the small gear is meshed with the large gear;
the soil separator is sleeved with an annular soil collector, the soil collector is internally divided into an upper collecting cavity and a lower collecting cavity by a partition body, the surface of the soil separator is provided with holes respectively connected with the upper collecting cavity and the lower collecting cavity, and the upper collecting cavity and the lower collecting cavity are provided with conveying pipes respectively communicated with the outside;
the center of the inner edge of the separating body is provided with a concave channel, the outer surface of the soil separator is provided with an annular convex rail, and the convex rail is matched with the concave channel.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein the soil separator has horizontal grooves on its inner surface from top to bottom, and the holes are disposed on the grooves.
4. The process for separating the components of a soil sample according to claim 2, wherein the surfaces of the two rollers of the rolling roller have four-cornered star-shaped teeth, the center point of the star-shaped teeth is the highest point, and the positions from the highest point to the four corners are oblique line-shaped tooth edges.
5. The process for separating the components of the soil sample according to claim 2, wherein the roller motor is installed on the machine body, a pair of gears engaged with each other are installed on the rotating shaft of the roller motor and the machine body, respectively, the pair of gears are connected with the two rolling rollers through the conveyor belts, and the pair of transmission gears have the same size and drive the two rollers to synchronously rotate in opposite directions to realize the rolling operation.
6. The process for separating constituents of a soil sample as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper end of the sieving funnel and the sieve are both disposed obliquely.
7. The soil sample component separation process of claim 6, wherein a screen motor is arranged below the side of the highest end of the port of the screening hopper, the screen motor is arranged on the machine body, an eccentric wheel is arranged on a rotating shaft of the screen motor, the eccentric wheel abuts against the side wall of the screening hopper, and the eccentric wheel plays a role in vibrating the screening hopper.
8. The soil sample composition separation process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the lowest outer part of the end of the sieving hopper is provided with an arc-shaped flow guide plate, and a large soil recovery cylinder is arranged below the side of the flow guide plate.
9. The soil sample constituent separation process of claim 7, wherein at least three elastic supports are uniformly arranged around the lower side of the sieving hopper, each elastic support comprises a spring mounted on the body and a sphere mounted on the spring, and the sphere abuts against the outer periphery of the sieving hopper.
10. The process for fractionating a soil sample according to claim 2, wherein the upper end surface of the gas lance is a convex hemispherical surface having gas outlet holes.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117129655A (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-11-28 | 西藏瑞创环保科技有限公司 | Soil pollution detection device with sampling function |
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| US7841422B1 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2010-11-30 | Chavez Joseph J | Soil separating systems |
| CN209784020U (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-12-13 | 南京林业大学 | Soil breaker and soil index measuring equipment |
| JP6764059B1 (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-09-30 | 濱州方新電脳有限公司 | Rapid sieving device for soil inspection |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117129655A (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-11-28 | 西藏瑞创环保科技有限公司 | Soil pollution detection device with sampling function |
| CN117129655B (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2024-05-24 | 西藏瑞创环保科技有限公司 | Soil pollution detection device with sampling function |
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| CN113695005B (en) | 2023-08-11 |
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