CN113691313A - Satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system - Google Patents
Satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113691313A CN113691313A CN202110748959.3A CN202110748959A CN113691313A CN 113691313 A CN113691313 A CN 113691313A CN 202110748959 A CN202110748959 A CN 202110748959A CN 113691313 A CN113691313 A CN 113691313A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/118—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum specially adapted for satellite communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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Abstract
The invention provides a satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system, which comprises: quantum satellite, two or more quantum satellite ground receiving devices, associated quantum key management device, quantum satellite link virtualization service device, ground QKD network. The quantum key service and the quantum satellite link are separated through virtualization of the satellite-ground integrated quantum key relay link, multilink enhancement is achieved based on the virtual quantum link slice database, the safety is improved, the user key information amount possibly acquired by the quantum satellite is compressed, management and control of quantum key application are achieved through centralized virtual quantum link management, and the quantum key relay link management system has higher safety, reliability and application flexibility, better controllable performance and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite-ground integrated quantum key distribution networks, in particular to a satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system.
Background
The current quantum communication is limited by the transmission distance of quantum states, and can only realize long-distance quantum communication by relying on credible relays. In order to realize the quantum communication problem between the large-span nodes, a quantum satellite is generally adopted for trusted relay. The disclosed documents generally use a quantum satellite as a trusted relay node, or the quantum satellite directly distributes a shared quantum key between two ground stations, but on the one hand, the quantum satellite is used as a cryptographic device for storing a user key, so that the security management difficulty is high, the potential safety hazard of runaway exists, and the user's requirements for communication confidentiality, controllability and security and trust cannot be met. On the other hand, due to the limited bandwidth of the quantum satellite link, the service capability of the application mode of using the quantum satellite for real-time quantum key relay is limited. These all affect the practical application and popularization of quantum satellites.
The invention realizes the separation of quantum key service and quantum satellite links through the virtualization of the quantum satellite links, realizes the multilink enhancement to improve the safety and compress the user key information quantity possibly acquired by the quantum satellite based on the virtual quantum link slice database, and realizes the management and control of the quantum key application through the centralized virtual quantum link management.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system, which comprises but is not limited to: the system comprises a quantum satellite, two or more quantum satellite ground receiving devices, an associated quantum key management device and a quantum satellite link virtualization service device; the quantum satellite link virtualization service device comprises a quantum satellite, two or more quantum satellite ground receiving devices, a quantum key management device, a quantum satellite link virtualization service device and a quantum satellite link virtualization service device, wherein a quantum key group is respectively negotiated between the quantum satellite and the two or more quantum satellite ground receiving devices, the quantum key group of the corresponding quantum satellite ground receiving devices is stored by the associated quantum key management device, the quantum satellite calculates the exclusive OR value of any two of the quantum key groups with the same group identification, destroys the quantum key group and sends the quantum key group to the quantum satellite link virtualization service device; the quantum satellite link virtualization service device stores a plurality of the exclusive or values with different group identifications; the quantum satellite link virtualization service device provides satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service based on the exclusive OR value.
Further, the above system further comprises: the ground QKD system or the network and the satellite-ground integrated QKD network virtualization service device are connected with the quantum satellite ground receiving device or the related quantum key management device, and the satellite-ground integrated QKD network virtualization service device is used for creating a virtual quantum link slice database of the ground QKD network and a virtual quantum link slice database of the satellite-ground integrated QKD network and providing virtual quantum link slice service.
Further, the above system further comprises: the quantum key service device is used for providing shared key negotiation service for different quantum key application devices based on a virtual quantum link slice database.
Further, the above system further comprises: the quantum satellite ground receiving device establishes links with two or more quantum satellites, negotiates quantum key groups with the two or more quantum satellites respectively, calculates exclusive OR values of any two of the quantum key groups and sends the exclusive OR values to corresponding quantum satellite link virtualization service devices, and is used for realizing association between virtual quantum link slices of different quantum satellites.
The invention has the following innovations: the invention realizes the separation of quantum key service and quantum satellite links through the virtualization of the quantum satellite links, realizes the multilink enhancement to improve the safety and compress the user key information quantity possibly acquired by the quantum satellite based on the virtual quantum link slice database, and realizes the management and control of the quantum key application through the centralized virtual quantum link management. The method has higher safety, reliability and application flexibility, better controllable performance and good application prospect in the field of satellite-ground integrated quantum key service application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a virtual quantum link slicing principle;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system based on a quantum satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system based on two quantum satellites according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a quantum key link virtualization application service system of a satellite-ground integrated QKD network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
To illustrate the specific contents, generation and application methods of the virtual quantum link slice database, fig. 1 shows a specific virtual quantum link slice schematic diagram, which includes quantum service nodes 4, 5 and 6, and quantum relay nodes 1, 2 and 3 (the relay nodes include quantum satellites). First, a quantum key packet with a uniform slice identifier or packet identifier is negotiated between any two quantum nodes, and associated exclusive-or values { XOR _ ijk } of all quantum relay nodes are calculated (i.e., exclusive-or values of quantum key packets shared between one quantum relay node and any two adjacent quantum nodes, XOR _ ijk is an exclusive-or value of a shared quantum key packet between node j and node i, and a shared quantum key packet between node j and node K, for example, XOR _412= K _4_ 1K _2_1, where K _4_1 is a shared quantum key between node 4 and node 1, and K _2_1 is a shared quantum key between node 2 and node 1, where K _ i _ j = K _ j _ i); then, virtual quantum link data between any two quantum service nodes is calculated, that is, corresponding exclusive-or values in the associated exclusive-or values of the quantum relay nodes between the two quantum service nodes are calculated, for example, the virtual quantum link data between the quantum service nodes 4 and 6 is: XOR _412 ≧ XOR _126= K _4_1 ≦ K _6_ 2; virtual quantum link data between any two quantum service nodes form a virtual quantum link slice, and a plurality of virtual quantum link slices form a virtual quantum link slice database; the quantum service node holds a quantum key packet associated with a virtual quantum link slice database.
The system composition and the working principle of the invention are explained below with reference to an embodiment of a satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system based on a quantum satellite provided by the embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, the system includes: one quantum satellite (quantum relay node), 3 quantum satellite ground receiving devices A, B and C, associated quantum key management devices A, B and C associated with A, B and C, respectively, quantum satellite link virtualization service devices. Wherein, each quantum satellite ground receiving device and the quantum satellite can negotiate a quantum key. The system of the embodiment shown in fig. 2 operates on the principle: in a time slicing period, the same grouping identification or slicing identification is adopted, a quantum satellite and a quantum satellite ground receiving device A negotiate a quantum key grouping Ka at a time T1, a quantum satellite and a quantum satellite ground receiving device B negotiate a quantum key grouping Kb at a time T2, a quantum satellite and a quantum satellite ground receiving device C negotiate a quantum key grouping Kc at a time T3, and the associated quantum key management devices A, B and C respectively store the Ka, the Kb and the Kc; at time T4, the quantum satellite calculates Ka ≦ Kb, Ka ≦ Kc, and Kb ≦ Kc (since Kb ≦ Kc = Ka ≦ Kc, the xor value may not be calculated, and thus the data is omitted below), and transmits Ka ≦ Kb, and Ka ≦ Kc to the quantum satellite link virtualization service device; destroying Ka, Kb and Kc by using a quantum satellite; the quantum satellite link virtualization service device packages Ka ^ Kb and Ka ^ Kc into a virtual quantum link slice of a quantum satellite link (the quantum key grouping and the virtual quantum link slice have the same grouping identification or slice identification); repeating the above process, creating a virtual quantum link slice database of quantum satellite links including a number of virtual quantum link slices. The quantum satellite link virtualization service device may negotiate a shared quantum key for the associated quantum key management device or/and the application device based on the associated exclusive-or values in the plurality of virtual quantum link slices (e.g., negotiate a shared key between the associated quantum key management devices a and B, randomly select 3 exclusive-or values associated with the quantum satellite terrestrial reception devices a and B in 3 virtual quantum link slices from a virtual quantum link slice database, send the exclusive-or values of the 3 exclusive-or values to the associated quantum key management devices a and B, respectively, the associated quantum key management devices a and B may negotiate to use the exclusive-or values of the respective 3 quantum key packets associated with the associated quantum key management devices a or B as the shared key, i.e., realize key sharing with security enhancement effect based on the 3 virtual quantum links).
In a possible embodiment, one quantum satellite ground receiving device may negotiate quantum key packets with two or more quantum satellites respectively, and the quantum satellite ground receiving device calculates an exclusive or value of the quantum key packets negotiated with the two quantum satellites respectively and sends the exclusive or value to one or more quantum satellite link virtualization service devices, which may be used to implement association and interconnection between virtual quantum link slices of different quantum satellite links. Based on the above embodiments, fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service based on two quantum satellites, wherein a second quantum satellite negotiates a quantum key group K5 with a quantum satellite ground receiving device D at a time T5, and a second quantum satellite negotiates a quantum key group K6 with a quantum satellite ground receiving device B at a time T6; the quantum satellite ground receiving device B calculates Kb ^ K6, sends Kb ^ K6 to the quantum satellite link virtualization service device, and correspondingly, the first quantum satellite link virtualization service device packages { Ka ^ Kb, Ka ^ Kc, Kb ^ K6} into a new quantum satellite link virtual quantum link slice, and realizes interconnection and intercommunication between two quantum satellite links. For example, based on the above virtual quantum link slice, the key agreement procedure between the associated quantum key management devices associated with the quantum satellite terrestrial receiving devices C and D is as follows: requesting a quantum satellite link virtualization service device of a second quantum satellite and obtaining K5 ≧ K6, requesting a quantum satellite link virtualization service device of a first quantum satellite and obtaining Kb ≧ K6 and Kb ≧ Kc, calculating (K5 ^ K6) · (Kb ^ K6) · (Kb ^ Kc) = K5 ^ Kc, and associating quantum key management devices C and D can negotiate a shared key based on K5 ^ Kc.
In a possible embodiment, the quantum satellite link virtualization service device comprises an application scenario not associated with a quantum satellite terrestrial receiving device.
FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a quantum key link virtualization application service system for a satellite-ground QKD network; on the basis of any one of the above embodiments, the satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system further includes: the system comprises a local QKD network A connected with a quantum satellite ground receiving device A or an associated quantum key management device A, a local QKD network C connected with a quantum satellite ground receiving device C or an associated quantum key management device C, a satellite-ground integrated QKD network virtualization service device and a quantum key service device; the satellite-ground integrated QKD network virtualization service device is used for creating a virtual quantum link slice database of a ground QKD network (created by adopting a method similar to that in embodiment 1) and a virtual quantum link slice database of the satellite-ground integrated QKD network, and providing virtual quantum link slice service; the quantum key service device is used for providing shared key service for the application device based on the virtual quantum link slice database. And the virtual quantum link slice of the local QKD network A and the virtual quantum link slice of the local QKD network C realize association and intercommunication through Ka ^ Kc, and the virtual quantum link slice of the local QKD network A and the U3 realize association and intercommunication through Ka ^ Kb. For example, the quantum service node Q2 provides the quantum key application device U2 with a random number packet Kq2U2, and the associated quantum key management device B provides the quantum key application device U3 with a random number packet Kbu 3; the process of negotiating the shared key of U2 and U3 is: the quantum key service device obtains a corresponding exclusive-or value from the associated quantum service node and the corresponding virtual quantum link slice, and calculates: (Kq2U2 ≧ Kq1Q2) < > or (Kq1Q2 ≧ Kaq1) < > or (Kaq1 ≧ Ka) < > or (Ka ≦ Kb) < ≧ Kbu3= Kq2U2 < > Kbu3, and then Kq2U2 ≦ Kbu3 is sent to U2 and U3, and U2 and U3 negotiate to use Kq2U2 or Kbu3 as a shared key.
In any of the above embodiments, the quantum satellite terrestrial receiving device and its associated quantum key management device include, but are not limited to: the two independent hardware devices provide a safety interface for communication and are integrated into a whole device. Ways of local QKD networks to interface with quantum satellite terrestrial receiving devices or associated quantum key management devices include, but are not limited to: the QKD network is accessed through a QKD system associated with the quantum satellite ground receiving device or an associated quantum key management device, and the quantum satellite ground receiving device or the associated quantum key management device is accessed into one QKD node of the QKD network through a secure channel. Quantum satellite link virtualization service devices include, but are not limited to: a stand-alone hardware device, and a functional module (including software, hardware, software and hardware integrated modules) embedded in an associated quantum key management apparatus. The satellite-ground integrated QKD network virtualization service device and the quantum key service device include, but are not limited to: two independent hardware devices or software modules, and a functional device (including software, hardware, software and hardware integrated devices or functional modules) integrating satellite-ground integrated QKD network virtualization service and quantum key service.
It should be noted that, in any of the above embodiments, the above time points T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 include, but are not limited to: the time sequence is not limited. Accordingly, the above-mentioned one time slice period includes, but is not limited to: the quantum satellite passes through the corresponding quantum satellite ground receiving device in sequence, and the quantum satellite passes through the corresponding quantum satellite ground receiving device for multiple times.
In any of the above embodiments, the xor value, the quantum key packet, and the random number packet are random number sequences having a certain bit length of the same data format. Considering that the quantum key amount of the quantum satellite link used for creating the virtual quantum link slice can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual application requirements, the length of the quantum key packet is not particularly limited in the present invention.
It should be noted that, in any of the above embodiments, the identifiers of the quantum service node and the quantum relay node, the topology structure of the QKD network, and the like are only used for illustrating the working principle of the present invention, and are not limited, and all embodiments formed based on the working principle described above fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of systems, and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be evident that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and figures are merely exemplary of the invention as defined in the appended claims and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. A satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service system comprises: the system comprises a quantum satellite, two or more quantum satellite ground receiving devices, an associated quantum key management device and a quantum satellite link virtualization service device; the quantum satellite link virtualization service device is characterized in that a quantum key group is respectively negotiated between a quantum satellite and two or more quantum satellite ground receiving devices, a related quantum key management device stores the quantum key group of the corresponding quantum satellite ground receiving device, and the quantum satellite calculates the exclusive OR value of any two of the quantum key groups with the same group identification, destroys the quantum key group and sends the quantum key group to the quantum satellite link virtualization service device; the quantum satellite link virtualization service device stores a plurality of the XOR values with different group identifications; and the quantum satellite link virtualization service device provides satellite-ground integrated quantum key link virtualization application service based on the exclusive OR value.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the ground QKD system or network and satellite-ground integrated QKD network virtualization service device is characterized in that the ground QKD system or network is connected with a quantum satellite ground receiving device or an associated quantum key management device, and the satellite-ground integrated QKD network virtualization service device is used for creating a virtual quantum link slice database of the ground QKD network and a virtual quantum link slice database of the satellite-ground integrated QKD network and providing virtual quantum link slice service.
3. The satellite-to-ground quantum key link virtualization application service system according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: the quantum key service device is characterized in that the quantum key application device acquires random number packets and corresponding service association lists from quantum service nodes associated with a quantum key management device or a QKD network, and the quantum key service device is used for providing shared key negotiation services for different quantum key application devices based on a virtual quantum link slice database.
4. The satellite-to-ground quantum key link virtualization application service system according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: the quantum satellite ground receiving device is characterized in that the quantum satellite ground receiving device negotiates quantum key groups with two or more quantum satellites respectively, calculates exclusive OR values of any two of the quantum key groups and sends the exclusive OR values to corresponding quantum satellite link virtualization service devices, and the quantum satellite ground receiving device is used for achieving association between virtual quantum link slices of different quantum satellites.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the quantum satellite terrestrial receiving device and the associated quantum key management device comprise: two hardware devices independent of each other, an integrated device comprising a quantum satellite terrestrial receiving device and an associated quantum key management device.
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the quantum satellite link virtualization service device comprises: a functional module embedded in the associated quantum key management device.
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