CN113676315B - Slicing application method of star-ground integrated quantum network - Google Patents
Slicing application method of star-ground integrated quantum network Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0838—Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
Abstract
The invention provides a slicing application method of a star-ground integrated quantum network, which comprises the following steps: creating a static slice library of a single quantum satellite link, and if the static slice libraries of two or more quantum satellite links are created, creating an associated static slice library of the two or more quantum satellite links; creating a static slice library of the star-to-ground integrated QKD network; static slice libraries based on star-to-ground integrated QKD networks provide end-to-end shared key agreement services. The invention realizes the separation of the quantum key service and the quantum link, realizes the multi-link enhancement based on the static slicing library to improve the security and compress the user key information possibly acquired by the quantum node, has higher security, reliability and application flexibility, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite-ground integrated quantum key distribution, in particular to a slicing application method of a satellite-ground integrated quantum network.
Background
The current quantum communication is limited by the transmission distance of the quantum state, and the remote quantum communication can be realized only by relying on a trusted relay. To achieve the quantum communication problem between large span nodes, quantum satellites are often employed for trusted relay. The disclosed literature generally takes the quantum satellite as a trusted relay node, or the quantum satellite directly distributes a shared quantum key between two ground stations, but on one hand, the quantum satellite is used as a password device for storing a user key, so that the security management difficulty is high, the uncontrolled potential safety hazard exists, and the controllable, safe and trusted requirements of users on communication confidentiality cannot be met. On the other hand, due to the limited bandwidth of the quantum satellite link, the service capability of the application mode for real-time quantum key relay with quantum satellites is limited. These all affect the practical application and popularization of quantum satellites.
On the premise of not changing the QKD network structure and not affecting the conventional application mode, the invention calculates the associated exclusive-or value slice by acquiring a small amount of bandwidth of the QKD link, and based on the stored exclusive-or value slice database, reconstructs the quantum key distribution link by inquiring the associated exclusive-or value; the invention realizes the separation of the quantum key service and the quantum link, and enhances the user key information possibly acquired by the quantum relay node in the compressed quantum satellite through the multilink, so that the invention has higher safety, reliability and application flexibility, better manageability and good application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a slicing application method of a star-ground integrated quantum network, which comprises the following steps: creating a static slice library of quantum satellite links, if a static slice library of two or more quantum satellites is created, creating an associated static slice library of two or more quantum satellite links, characterized in that creating the static slice library of quantum satellite links comprises: respectively negotiating a quantum key group between a quantum satellite and two or more quantum satellite ground receiving devices, storing the corresponding quantum key group by the quantum satellite ground receiving devices, calculating exclusive or values of any two of the quantum key groups with the same group identification or slice identification by the quantum satellite and destroying the quantum key group, taking the exclusive or values as a static slice by a static slice library service device, and forming a static slice library by a plurality of static slices; creating an associated static slice library of two or more quantum satellite links includes: if a quantum satellite ground receiving device and two or more quantum satellites respectively negotiate a quantum key group, selecting one quantum satellite ground receiving device to calculate the exclusive OR value of any two of the quantum key groups, and sending the exclusive OR value to a corresponding static slice library service device, wherein the static slice library service device updates the corresponding static slice with the same group identifier or slice identifier into an associated static slice, or recreates an associated static slice library; if none of the quantum satellite terrestrial reception devices can negotiate quantum keys with two or more quantum satellites, then a satellite-terrestrial integrated association static slice is created by connecting the static slices of the QKD network of two or more of the above-described quantum satellite terrestrial reception devices.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of: creating a static slice library of a satellite-ground integrated QKD network, wherein a quantum key packet is negotiated between a quantum satellite ground receiving device and a QKD node of the ground QKD network, an association between static slices associated with the two quantum key packets is established by calculating an exclusive OR value of the quantum key packet and the quantum key packet stored by the quantum satellite ground receiving device, and an association between the static slice of a quantum satellite link and the static slice of the ground QKD network is created.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of: the static slice library provides end-to-end shared key negotiation service based on quantum satellite links, and is characterized in that an application device associated with two quantum satellite ground receiving devices initiates a request, a service device of the static slice library searches static slice data associated with the two quantum satellite ground receiving devices, exclusive or values of quantum key groups corresponding to the two quantum satellite ground receiving devices are obtained based on the static slice data, the two quantum satellite ground receiving devices negotiate a shared key based on one or more exclusive or values, and the two quantum satellite ground receiving devices respectively send the shared key to the corresponding application device.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of: the static slice library provides an end-to-end shared key negotiation service based on a star-ground integrated QKD network, and is characterized in that an application device associated with two quantum nodes initiates a request, a service device of the static slice library searches static slice data associated with the two quantum nodes, an exclusive-or value of a quantum key group corresponding to the two quantum nodes is obtained by calculation based on the static slice data, the two quantum nodes negotiate a shared key based on one or more exclusive-or values, and the two quantum nodes respectively send the shared key to the corresponding application device.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of: one static slice is re-sliced into sub-slices.
The invention has the following innovations: the invention realizes the separation of the quantum key service and the quantum link, can flexibly realize the enhancement of the multilink based on the static slice library to improve the security and compress the user key information possibly acquired by the quantum node, thereby having higher security, reliability and application flexibility and good application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a slicing application method of a satellite-ground integrated quantum network based on a quantum satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slicing application method of a satellite-ground integrated quantum network based on two quantum satellites according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a slicing application method of a star-earth integrated quantum network provided by the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-link enhancement application method based on a static slice library according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments as part of the present invention.
The method principle of the invention is described below in connection with the embodiment of the slicing application method of the satellite-ground integrated quantum network based on one quantum satellite provided by the embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the system includes one quantum satellite, 3 quantum satellite ground receiving devices A, B and C, application management devices A, B and C associated with A, B and C, respectively, and a static slice library service device. The method for creating the static slice library comprises the following steps: in a slicing period, the same grouping identification or slicing identification is adopted, a quantum satellite and a quantum satellite ground receiving device A negotiate a quantum key grouping Ka at a time T1, a quantum satellite and a quantum satellite ground receiving device B negotiate a quantum key grouping Kb at a time T2, a quantum satellite and a quantum satellite ground receiving device C negotiate a quantum key grouping Kc at a time T3, and application management devices A, B and C respectively store Ka, kb and Kc; at time T4, the quantum satellite calculates Ka Kb, ka Kc, and Kc (since kb=ka Kc, the exclusive or value may not be calculated, and hence Ka Kb and Ka Kc may be transmitted to the static slice library service device). The quantum satellite destroys Ka, kb and Kc; the static slice library service device packages Ka, kb and Ka, kc into a static slice of a quantum satellite link; the above process is repeated, creating a static slice library of quantum satellite links comprising a number of static slices.
In one possible embodiment, the static slice library service device may negotiate a shared quantum key for the application management device or/and the application device based on the associated exclusive or values in the plurality of static slices. For example, negotiating a shared key between the application management devices a and B may randomly select 1 exclusive-or value (e.g., ka, kb) associated with the quantum satellite terrestrial reception devices a and B from among 1 static slices from the static slice library, and transmit the exclusive-or value to the application management devices a and B, respectively, and the application management devices a and B may negotiate to adopt a corresponding quantum key packet as the shared key (e.g., ka or Kb).
In one possible embodiment, a quantum satellite terrestrial receiving device may negotiate quantum key packets with two or more quantum satellites, respectively, the quantum satellite terrestrial receiving device calculating exclusive-or values of the quantum key packets negotiated with two of the quantum satellites, respectively, and transmitting the exclusive-or values to one or more static slice library service devices, which may be used to implement associative interworking between static slices of different quantum satellite links. On the basis of the above embodiment, fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a slicing application method of a satellite-ground integrated quantum network based on two quantum satellites, wherein a second quantum satellite negotiates a quantum key group K5 with a quantum satellite ground receiving device D at a time T5, and a second quantum satellite negotiates a quantum key group K6 with a quantum satellite ground receiving device B at a time T6; the quantum satellite ground receiving device D calculates Kb and K6, and sends Kb and K6 to the static slice library service device, and correspondingly, the static slice library service device packages { Ka, kb, kc, kb and K6} into a new quantum satellite link associated static slice and is used for realizing interconnection and interworking between two quantum satellite links. For example, based on the above static slice, key agreement between the quantum satellite terrestrial reception device C and the application management device associated with D: the second quantum satellite's static slice library service is requested and K5K 6 is obtained, the first quantum satellite's static slice library service is requested and Kb K6 and Kc are obtained, (Kb K5K 6) =k5 Kc, the application management device C and D can negotiate a shared key based on K5 Kc.
In a possible embodiment, based on the method of the embodiment, a slicing application method of a satellite-ground integrated quantum network based on a plurality of quantum satellites can be obtained.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a slicing application method of a star-ground integrated quantum network; on the basis of any one of the embodiments, the slicing application method of the star-ground integrated quantum network further includes: a local QKD network A connected with the quantum satellite ground receiving device A or the application management device A, a local QKD network C connected with the quantum satellite ground receiving device C or the application management device C, a satellite-ground integrated QKD network static slice library service device and a quantum key service device. The satellite-ground integrated QKD network static slice library service device is used for creating a static slice library of a ground QKD network and a static slice library of the satellite-ground integrated QKD network and providing static slice service; the quantum key service device is used for providing a shared key service for the application device based on the static slice library. The static slice of the local QKD network A and the static slice of the local QKD network C are in association and intercommunication through Ka Kc, and the static slice of the local QKD network A and U3 are in association and intercommunication through Ka Kb. For example, the quantum service node Q2 provides the random number packet Kq2U2 to the quantum key application device U2, and the application management device B provides the random number packet Kbu to the quantum key application device U3; when negotiating the shared key of U2 and U3, the quantum key service device obtains the corresponding exclusive OR value from the associated quantum service node and the corresponding static slice, and calculates: (Kq 2U2 =kq1q2), (kq1q2 _ Kaq 1), (Kaq 1 _ka) (Ka × Kb), (Kb @ Kbu 3=kq2u2 = Kbu 3) and then kq2u2 = Kbu3 is sent to U2 and U3, U2 negotiates with U3 to use Kq2U2 or Kbu3 as a shared key. In addition, quantum nodes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 in fig. 4, application terminals U1, U2, U3, U4 are used only to show application scenarios and connection relationships, not for specific restrictions.
In the above embodiments, the manner of connecting the local QKD network to the quantum satellite terrestrial receiving device or the application management device includes, but is not limited to: the method includes accessing a QKD network through a QKD system associated with a quantum satellite terrestrial receiving device or an application management device, and accessing the quantum satellite terrestrial receiving device or the application management device to a QKD node of the QKD network through a secure channel. Static slice library service devices include, but are not limited to: independent hardware devices, functional modules (including software, hardware, software, and hardware integration modules) embedded in the application management apparatus. Satellite-to-ground integrated QKD network static slice library service and quantum key service include, but are not limited to: two independent hardware devices or software modules, and a functional device integrating star-ground integrated QKD network static slice library service and quantum key service (comprising software, hardware, software and hardware integrated devices or functional modules).
It should be noted that, in any of the above embodiments, the time T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 include a time sequence, and also include a case where the time sequence is not limited; correspondingly, the time slicing period comprises the steps that the quantum satellite passes through the corresponding quantum satellite ground receiving device in sequence, and also comprises the step that the quantum satellite passes through the corresponding quantum satellite ground receiving device for multiple times.
In one possible embodiment, the star-to-ground integrated QKD network static slice library of the above embodiment includes: a star-to-ground integrated QKD network static slice library that includes only a portion of the quantum nodes, for example, one possible static slice includes only static slice data for the relevant quantum nodes on the quantum key distribution links between A, C, Q, Q2, Q3, and Q4.
In a possible embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment, the method further includes the following steps: the static slice library service device re-slices a static slice into a plurality of sub-slices. If the quantum key packet length for creating the static slice is relatively large, one static slice may be subdivided and arranged into a plurality of sub-slices according to application requirements, for example, the above-mentioned Ka.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method for multi-link enhancement application based on a static slice library according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the flow chart includes: a quantum key service device, associated quantum nodes a and B (which may be QKD system nodes, quantum satellite terrestrial reception devices, or application management devices, etc. in the above embodiments), a first client U, and a second client V; the association quantum node A provides a random number group for the first client U and creates a corresponding service association, and the association quantum node B provides a random number group for the second client V and creates a corresponding service association; the associated quantum nodes A and B respectively send the service association to a quantum key service device; the service association consists of a plurality of records, wherein each record represents association information of a registered client, and the association information comprises, but is not limited to, ID identification of the client, ID identification of an associated quantum node and allowance information of a random number group; the service flow comprises the following steps:
step 1: the quantum key service device responds to a service request of negotiating a quantum key between a first client U and a second client V, and obtains associated quantum nodes A and B associated with the first client U and the second client V by inquiring service association information;
Step 2: the quantum key service device selects m (m is a natural number which is more than 1 and not more than half of the total number of slices from a static slice library of the star-earth integrated quantum link, for the sake of concrete explanation, it is assumed that m=3, but not used for limiting the value range of m), m exclusive-or values (for convenience, denoted as k_a_1, k_a_2, k_b_2, k_a_3, k_b_3) associated with the two associated quantum nodes in the associated slices are transmitted to the associated quantum node a, wherein k_a/b_i is the i-th quantum key packet of the associated quantum node a/B, and the exclusive-or values of the m exclusive-or values (namely, k_a_1, k_b_1, k_a_2, k_a_3, k_b_3) are transmitted to the associated quantum node B;
Step 3: the exclusive or value of the received m quantum key packets (i.e., k_a_1_k_1_a_2_k_b_2_k_a_3, k_a_1_k_a_3=k_b_1_k_b_2) is calculated by the association quantum node a, and a key packet is obtained by performing Hash operation on the exclusive or value (for convenience, denoted as SK, for example, sk=sm3 (k_b_1, k_b_2); the associated quantum node B calculates exclusive or values (i.e., kjb_1 #, kjb_2 #, kjb_3) of m quantum key packets associated with the m exclusive or values by the same method, and performs the Hash operation on the exclusive or values to obtain the key packet SK (i.e., sk=sm3 (kjb_1 #, kjb_2 #, kjb_3));
Step 4: the associated quantum node A encrypts the key packet SK by using 1 random number packet of the first client U and sends the key packet SK to the first client U or sends the key packet SK to the first client U through a quantum key service device, and the first client U decrypts the key packet SK by using the corresponding 1 random number packet; the associated quantum node B encrypts the key packet by using 1 random number packet of the second client V and sends the key packet to the second client or sends the key packet to the second client through the quantum key service device, and the second client V decrypts the key packet SK by using the corresponding 1 random number packet. Based on the above method principles, a plurality of substantially identical multilink enhanced embodiments with the same effect can be obtained.
In any of the above embodiments, the xor value, the quantum key packet, and the random number packet are random number sequences having a certain bit length in the same data format. Considering that the quantum key amount of the quantum satellite link for creating the static slice can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual application requirement, the length of the quantum key packet is not particularly limited by the invention.
It should be noted that, in any of the above embodiments, the identification of the quantum service node and the quantum relay node, the topology structure of the QKD network, and the like are only used to illustrate the working principle of the present invention, and not to limit the present invention, and all embodiments formed based on the working principle fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Although the invention has been described in connection with specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that various modifications and combinations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the present invention as defined in the appended claims and are considered to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents that fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A slicing application method of a star-ground integrated quantum network comprises the following steps: creating a static slice library of quantum satellite links, if two or more static slice libraries of quantum satellites are created, creating an associated static slice library of two or more quantum satellite links, characterized in that,
Creating a static slice library of quantum satellite links includes: respectively negotiating a quantum key group between a quantum satellite and two or more quantum satellite ground receiving devices, storing the corresponding quantum key group by the quantum satellite ground receiving devices, calculating exclusive-or values of any two quantum key groups with the same group identification or slice identification by the quantum satellite and destroying the quantum key groups, taking the exclusive-or values as a static slice by a static slice library service device, and forming a static slice library by a plurality of static slices;
Creating an associated static slice library of two or more quantum satellite links includes: if a quantum satellite ground receiving device and two or more quantum satellites respectively negotiate a quantum key group, selecting one quantum satellite ground receiving device to calculate the exclusive OR value of any two quantum key groups, and sending the exclusive OR value to a corresponding static slice library service device, wherein the static slice library service device updates corresponding static slices with the same group identification or slice identification into associated static slices, or recreates an associated static slice library; if none of the quantum satellite terrestrial reception devices can negotiate quantum keys with two or more quantum satellites, creating a satellite-terrestrial integrated association static slice by connecting the static slices of the QKD network of two or more of the above-described quantum satellite terrestrial reception devices;
Wherein creating a static slice library of a star-to-ground integrated QKD network comprises: negotiating quantum key packets between a quantum satellite ground receiving device and a QKD node of a ground QKD network, establishing an association between static slices associated with the two quantum key packets by calculating exclusive OR values of the quantum key packets and the quantum key packets stored by the quantum satellite ground receiving device, and establishing an association between the static slices of the quantum satellite link and the static slices of the ground QKD network;
A static slice library based on a star-to-ground integrated QKD network provides an end-to-end shared key agreement service, comprising: the static slice library service device searches static slice data associated with two quantum nodes, calculates exclusive or values of quantum key groups corresponding to the two quantum nodes based on the static slice data, negotiates a shared key based on one or more exclusive or values, and then sends the shared key to the corresponding application device.
2. The slicing application method of the star-ground integrated quantum network according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: the static slice library service device searches static slice data associated with two quantum satellite ground receiving devices, obtains exclusive or values of quantum key groups corresponding to the two quantum satellite ground receiving devices based on the static slice data, negotiates a shared key based on one or more exclusive or values, and sends the shared key to the corresponding application device.
3. The slicing application method of the star-ground integrated quantum network according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: one static slice is re-sliced into sub-slices.
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