CN113690947A - Direct-current micro-grid power control strategy for household electric energy router - Google Patents

Direct-current micro-grid power control strategy for household electric energy router Download PDF

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CN113690947A
CN113690947A CN202111251920.7A CN202111251920A CN113690947A CN 113690947 A CN113690947 A CN 113690947A CN 202111251920 A CN202111251920 A CN 202111251920A CN 113690947 A CN113690947 A CN 113690947A
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power
grid
household
voltage
current
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CN113690947B (en
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王文彬
郑蜀江
陈文�
魏杰
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/242—Home appliances

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a direct-current micro-grid power control strategy for a household electric energy router, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a household energy system overall architecture taking a household electric energy router as a core is designed for the energy supply and demand conditions of typical household users; considering the intermittency of the photovoltaic, an improved variable step size disturbance observation method is adopted to control the photovoltaic system; a hybrid energy storage system is constructed based on a lithium battery and a super capacitor, the system is connected to a direct current bus in parallel through a converter, and the charge and discharge power is adjusted based on a droop control theory; the grid-connected converter adopts power droop control to ensure stable transmission of electric energy in the grid-connected process, and a vector decoupling direct current control strategy based on a dq coordinate system is adopted to enable the dynamic response speed of alternating current side current to be higher; the power control strategy corresponding to the household electric energy router is provided for two modes of grid connection and grid disconnection of a system and six operation modes in total when the voltage of a direct current bus is in an allowed three-level change range.

Description

Direct-current micro-grid power control strategy for household electric energy router
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of direct-current micro-grid power control, in particular to a direct-current micro-grid power control strategy for a household electric energy router.
Background
With the continuous development of the energy industry, the existing power system is still the main body of the future energy internet. Although the energy source internet has various forms of energy, electric energy can be easily converted into other forms of energy, and the electric energy has great advantages in transmission efficiency and economy. Therefore, the household electric energy router also receives a great deal of attention as an energy management device at the home subscriber level.
Conventional power distribution networks currently face a variety of problems and challenges: on one hand, the current distribution network structure is not fragile enough to support the access of a large amount of renewable energy sources, and the problems of poor node autonomy and low degree of freedom are increasingly serious; on the other hand, the distributed power supply has the characteristics of high uncertainty, high uncontrollable property, wide distribution, remote position, severe operation environment, low equipment reliability, large operation and maintenance workload and the like. The power system is also developing towards a new stage of the coordination and optimization operation of the source network load and storage, and becomes the core and link of the future energy Internet. In the future, power systems are formed from bottom-up autonomous units of electrical energy via point-to-point interconnects. It is an open, interconnected, peer-to-peer and shared system that requires a high degree of integration of information and power, and requires precise, continuous, fast and flexible control methods. The traditional distributed power generation grid-connected device cannot realize the scheduling and independent management of user electric energy, and a user side lacks equipment for realizing electric energy management and control. In this context, the concept of "power router" based on power electronics technology has been developed. The power router is evolved from the structure of a power electronic transformer, and the development process of the power router goes through several stages of a high-frequency transformer, a full-electronic transformer, an intelligent high-frequency transformer, a high-voltage high-frequency transformer and a multi-port routing transformer. At present, an electric power router can realize intelligent management and control of distributed energy power generation equipment, energy storage equipment and an existing power grid, and realize an electric energy scheduling control function.
The power router based on the multi-port routing transformer structure is generally used in medium and small power occasions and is suitable for power conversion and power control between a user-side low-voltage power distribution system and a household distributed power supply. The electrical topology design of the existing power supply router is basically mature, but research on the control strategy of the existing power supply router is urgent. Most of the existing researches discuss the operation and control of the direct current micro grid in an island mode. Due to the lack of backup energy storage equipment, the system stability is poor when the energy is excessive or deficient, and the application is limited; the operation state under grid connection is directly researched, but under the strong support of a power grid, coordination control of micro power supplies such as photovoltaic and the like and energy storage is ignored, the influence of factors such as residual capacity and the like is not fully considered, and the service life of the battery is damaged. Therefore, research on a power control strategy of the direct current microgrid for the household electric energy router is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a direct-current micro-grid power control strategy facing to a household electric energy router, and the method can reliably and effectively realize direct-current micro-grid power control with the household electric energy router as a core.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a direct-current micro-grid power control strategy for a household electric energy router comprises the following steps:
s1: the household energy management system is characterized in that a household energy management system overall architecture is designed by taking a household electric energy router as a core and covering a power grid interface, a photovoltaic system, a hybrid energy storage system, an alternating current load and a direct current load as the household energy management system of a household user, the household electric energy router is connected to the power grid, the photovoltaic system, the hybrid energy storage system, the alternating current load and the direct current load, and an electric meter is arranged;
s2: an improved variable step size disturbance observation method is adopted to control the photovoltaic system;
s3: a hybrid energy storage system is constructed on the basis of a lithium battery and a super capacitor, the hybrid energy storage system is connected to a direct-current bus in parallel through a converter, and charging and discharging power is adjusted according to the voltage of the direct-current bus on the basis of a droop control theory;
s4: the grid-connected converter adopts power droop control to ensure stable transmission of electric energy in the grid-connected process, and a vector decoupling direct current control strategy based on a dq coordinate system is adopted to enable the dynamic response speed of alternating current side current to be higher;
s5: according to the characteristics of household energy management and the control requirement of the direct-current micro-grid, the household energy management system is divided into a grid-connected mode and an off-grid mode, the direct-current bus voltage is divided into three levels within an allowed variation range, the household energy management system has six operation modes in total, and a corresponding power control strategy of the household electric energy router is provided.
Further preferably, in step S1, when the household energy management system has enough power, the load can be ensured to operate normally, and when the household energy management system has insufficient power, the load converter can adjust to reduce the power to operate, so as to maintain the power balance of the household energy management system.
More preferably, step S2 specifically includes: firstly, collecting output voltage and current signals of a photovoltaic cell, and then calculating output power; the error precision is obtained by comparing the absolute difference value between the voltage amplitude at the previous moment and the current voltage amplitude, so that whether the photovoltaic cell operates near the maximum working power point can be judged; if yes, the photovoltaic system continues to operate at the moment; otherwise a new value will be assigned to the reference voltage according to the formula given in the step size.
Further preferably, in step S3, the hybrid energy storage system is composed of a lithium battery and a super capacitor; according to the theory idea of droop control, charging and discharging power of the super capacitor-DC bus voltage (P SC-U dc) Lithium battery charging and discharging power-super capacitor voltageP Bat -U SC) The mathematical expression for the droop characteristic of (a) is as follows:
Figure 5075DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P SCrepresents the power of the super capacitor,P SC_disc_LimitIndicating the discharge power limit of the supercapacitor,P SC_char_LimitIndicates the charging power limit of the super capacitor,P BatRepresents the power of the lithium battery,P Bat_disc_LimitThe discharge power of the lithium battery is limited,P Bat_char_LimitRepresents a lithium battery charging power limit;U dcrepresents the DC bus voltage,U dc_lowRepresents the lower limit of the DC bus voltage, Udc_highRepresents the upper limit of the DC bus voltage,U SCRepresents the supercapacitor voltage,U SC-lowRepresents the lower voltage limit of the supercapacitor andU SC_highrepresents the upper voltage limit of the super capacitor; k is a radical of1RepresentsP SC-U dcSag factor and k of sag characteristic curve2RepresentsP Bat -U SCSag factor of sag characteristic curve, C1RepresentsP SC-U dcIntercept of droop characteristic, constant, C2RepresentsP Bat -U SCThe intercept of the droop characteristic curve is constant;
based on a droop control theory, a control circuit of the hybrid energy storage converter is designed, a lithium battery and a super capacitor are connected to a direct current bus in parallel through a converter, and charging and discharging power is adjusted according to the voltage of the direct current bus.
Further preferably, in step S4, in order to ensure stable transmission of electric energy during grid connection, the grid-connected converter adopts power drop control in the grid-connected mode, and the grid-connected converter supplies dc bus voltageP GCC -U dc The mathematical expression for the droop characteristic is:
Figure 976442DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P GCCrepresents the grid-connected converter power,P GCC_rect_LimitIndicating grid-connected converter maximumThe rectified power,P GCC_inv_LimitRepresenting the maximum inversion power of the grid-connected converter;U dc_low1represents the first-level lower limit of the DC bus voltage,U dc_low2Represents the two-stage lower limit of the DC bus voltage,U dc_high1Represents the first-level upper limit of the DC bus voltage,U dc_high2Represents the two-stage upper limit k of the DC bus voltage3To representP GCC -U dc Sag factor of sag characteristic curve, C3To representP GCC -U dc Intercept of droop characteristic curve 1, C4To representP GCC -U dc Intercept two, C of droop characteristic3And C4Is a constant.
Further preferably, in step S5, the distributed power supply, the energy storage, the load, and the switching power supply of the MG and the power distribution network are decoupled by the dc bus, so that a dc bus equivalent circuit of the dc microgrid can be obtained, and the power balance of the dc bus is:
Figure 514870DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P C representing the equivalent capacitance power of the DC bus、P PV Representing power generated by a photovoltaic system、P G Representing grid power、P HES Representing hybrid energy storage system power、P L Representing the load power;
DC bus voltageU dcEquivalent capacitance power of sum direct current busP C The relationship is as follows:
Figure 571688DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 978399DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
in the formulaCWhich represents the equivalent capacitance of the capacitor,if the voltage needs to be maintained stable, there are:
Figure 945218DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure 47690DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,I HES represents the hybrid energy storage system current;
in a grid-connected mode, the photovoltaic system generally adopts an MPPT control strategy. When in useU dc ≥U dc_high OrU dc ≤U dc_low When the grid-connected converter adopts a droop control strategy; when in useU dc_low ≤U dc ≤U dc_high The hybrid energy storage system is used as a main control unit and adopts a droop control strategy;
and in the off-grid mode, the grid-connected converter does not work. When in useU dc ≥U dc_high The photovoltaic system is converted from MPPT control strategy operation to power reduction control; when in useU dc_low ≤U dc ≤U dc_high When the hybrid energy storage system is used, the hybrid energy storage system is a main control unit and adopts droop control; when in useU dc ≤U dc_low And the load converter performs load shedding operation to keep the direct current bus voltage stable.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the existing electric energy router, the multi-port electric energy router topology not only meets the basic requirements of voltage conversion, reliable electrical isolation, independent port design, bidirectional energy flow and the like, but also reduces the equipment cost, improves the efficiency, reduces the occupied space and improves the use flexibility.
2. The invention provides a direct-current micro-grid power control strategy facing a household electric energy router, which can cope with various scenes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a home power router application scenario;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the overall architecture of a home energy management system;
FIG. 3 is a circuit for droop control of a hybrid energy storage system;
FIG. 4 is a vector decoupling DC control circuit based on dq coordinate system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a household power router power control;
FIG. 6 is a grid-connected mode simulation result;
FIG. 7 is an off-grid model simulation result;
FIG. 8 is a simulation result of grid-tie-off-re-grid-tie operation;
in the figure: 1-a photovoltaic system; 2-ac and dc loads; 3-an ammeter; 4-a power grid; 5-an electric energy router; 6-a hybrid energy storage system; AC \ DC denotes an AC-DC converter; DC \ DC represents a DC-DC converter; PI denotes a proportional-integral controller; PWM denotes a pulse width modulator; i isb- UscDroop represents the lithium battery current-supercapacitor voltage droop characteristic; i issc- UdcDroop represents the supercapacitor current-bus voltage droop characteristic; abc/dq represents the abc to dq coordinate axis transformation; omegaLRepresenting the inductive reactance; i isbRepresenting the output current of the lithium battery; u shapesc、Usc_refRespectively representing the voltage of the super capacitor and a voltage reference value; i isscRepresents the output current of the supercapacitor; u shapedc、Udc_refRespectively representing the direct current bus voltage and a reference value thereof;u a 、u b 、u c respectively representing three-phase voltages;i a 、i b 、i c respectively representing three-phase currents;u d 、u q respectively representing voltage components of dq coordinate axes;i d 、i q respectively representing current components of dq coordinate axes;U dc_high 、U dc_rate 、U dc_low respectively representing the high, middle and low voltage levels of the division of the direct current bus voltage.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to effectively realize the power control of the direct-current microgrid with the household electric energy router as the core, the embodiment of the invention provides a direct-current microgrid power control strategy for the household electric energy router, and the following description is provided for the following purposes:
s1: for the energy supply and demand conditions of typical household users, a household energy management system overall architecture (as shown in fig. 1 and 2) is designed by taking a household electric energy router 5 as a core, and covers a power grid interface, a photovoltaic system 1, a hybrid energy storage system 6, an alternating current load, a direct current load 2 and the like;
s2: in consideration of light intermittency and fluctuation, the MPPT algorithm can enable the photovoltaic to output the maximum power all the time, and an improved variable step size disturbance observation method is adopted to control the photovoltaic system 1;
s3: constructing a hybrid energy storage system 6 based on a lithium battery and a super capacitor, connecting the hybrid energy storage system 6 to a direct current bus in parallel through a converter, and adjusting the charging and discharging power according to the voltage of the direct current bus on the basis of a droop control theory;
s4: the grid-connected converter adopts power droop control to ensure stable transmission of electric energy in the grid-connected process, and a vector decoupling direct current control strategy based on a dq coordinate system is adopted to enable the dynamic response speed of alternating current side current to be higher;
s5: according to the characteristics of household energy management and the control requirement of the direct-current micro-grid, the household energy management system is divided into a grid-connected mode and an off-grid mode, the direct-current bus voltage is divided into three levels within an allowed variation range, the household energy management system has six operation modes in total, and a corresponding power control strategy of the household electric energy router is provided.
Regarding step S1: as a home energy management system of a home user, a home electric energy router 5 is connected to a power grid 4, a photovoltaic system 1, a hybrid energy storage system 6, an ac load and a dc load 2, and an electric meter 3 is provided, as shown in fig. 1. The ac load and the dc load 2 of the user mainly include hot and cold electrical devices such as heating and lighting. When the household energy management system has enough electric energy, the normal operation of the load can be ensured, and when the household energy management system has insufficient electric energy, the load converter can be used for regulating to reduce the power to operate so as to maintain the power balance of the household energy management system.
Regarding step S2: firstly, collecting output voltage and current signals of a photovoltaic cell, and then calculating output power; the error precision is obtained by comparing the absolute difference value between the voltage amplitude at the previous moment and the current voltage amplitude, so that whether the photovoltaic cell operates near the maximum working power point can be judged; if so, the photovoltaic system 1 will continue to operate at this point; otherwise a new value will be assigned to the reference voltage according to the formula given in the step size.
Regarding step S3: the hybrid energy storage system 6 is composed of a lithium battery and a super capacitor, the lithium battery is an energy type energy storage, has higher energy density but lower power density, and is suitable for occasions with large energy demand. The super capacitor is a power type energy storage, has high power density but low energy density, and is suitable for occasions with large power requirements in a short time. The lithium battery and the super capacitor are combined to serve as the hybrid energy storage system 6, the advantages of the lithium battery and the super capacitor can be taken into consideration, the utilization efficiency can be improved, the charging and discharging times can be reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
According to the theory idea of droop control, charging and discharging power of the super capacitor-DC bus voltage (P SC-U dc) Lithium battery charging and discharging power-super capacitor voltageP Bat -U SC) The mathematical expression for the droop characteristic of (a) is as follows:
Figure 60646DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P SCrepresents the power of the super capacitor,P SC_disc_LimitIndicating the discharge power limit of the supercapacitor,P SC_char_LimitIndicates the charging power limit of the super capacitor,P BatRepresents the power of the lithium battery,P Bat_disc_LimitThe discharge power of the lithium battery is limited,P Bat_char_LimitRepresents a lithium battery charging power limit;U dcrepresents the DC bus voltage,U dc_lowRepresents the lower limit of the DC bus voltage, Udc_highRepresents the upper limit of the DC bus voltage,U SCRepresents the supercapacitor voltage,U SC-lowRepresents the lower voltage limit of the supercapacitor andU SC_highrepresents the upper voltage limit of the super capacitor; k is a radical of1RepresentsP SC-U dcSag factor and k of sag characteristic curve2RepresentsP Bat -U SCSag factor of sag characteristic curve, C1RepresentsP SC-U dcIntercept of droop characteristic, constant, C2RepresentsP Bat -U SCThe intercept of the droop characteristic is constant.
Based on a droop control theory, a control circuit of the hybrid energy storage converter is designed, a lithium battery and a super capacitor are connected to a direct current bus in parallel through a converter, and charging and discharging power is adjusted according to the voltage of the direct current bus. As shown in fig. 3, in the aspect of the lithium battery control circuit structure, based on the droop characteristic of the lithium battery current-supercapacitor voltage, an input signal is transmitted to a PI controller, and then is modulated by a PWM modulator to output a control signal; in the aspect of the control circuit structure of the super capacitor, an input signal is transmitted to a PI controller based on the droop characteristic of the current-direct current bus voltage of the super capacitor, then the input signal is modulated by a PWM modulator, and finally a control signal is output.
Regarding step S4: in order to ensure the stable transmission of electric energy in the grid connection process, the grid connection converter adopts power drop control in a grid connection mode. Grid-connected converter power supply DC bus voltage (P GCC -U dc ) The mathematical expression for the droop characteristic is:
Figure 536626DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P GCCrepresents the grid-connected converter power,P GCC_rect_LimitRepresents the maximum rectification power of the grid-connected converter,P GCC_inv_LimitRepresenting the maximum inversion power of the grid-connected converter;U dc_low1represents the first-level lower limit of the DC bus voltage,U dc_low2Represents the two-stage lower limit of the DC bus voltage,U dc_high1Represents the first-level upper limit of the DC bus voltage,U dc_high2Represents the two-stage upper limit k of the DC bus voltage3To representP GCC -U dc Sag factor of sag characteristic curve, C3To representP GCC -U dc Intercept of droop characteristic curve 1, C4To representP GCC -U dc Intercept two, C of droop characteristic3And C4Is a constant.
According to whether the alternating current side current signal is detected as a feedback quantity and a control quantity, the control strategy of the grid-connected converter can be divided into 'indirect current control' and 'direct current control'. Compared with indirect current control, direct current control introduces alternating current side current feedback, and the dynamic response speed of the alternating current side current of the system is higher. Therefore, the grid-connected converter adopts a vector decoupling direct current control strategy based on a dq coordinate system, as shown in fig. 4, three-phase voltages and currents of a, b and c are converted into voltage components and current components of d and q through abc-dq phase coordinates, and then control signals are output through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) modulator through a proportional-integral (PI) controller.
Regarding step S5: for the direct-current micro-grid, reactive power does not need to be considered, and direct-current bus voltage is an important index and reflects system power balance. The distributed power supply, the random variation of the load power and the power exchange with the power grid all have certain influence on the bus voltage. The distributed power supply, the energy storage, the load and the switching power supply of the MG and the power distribution network are decoupled through the direct current bus, and a direct current bus equivalent circuit of the direct current micro-grid can be obtained. The power balance of the direct current bus is as follows:
Figure 951427DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P C representing the equivalent capacitance power of the DC bus、P PV Representing power generated by a photovoltaic system、P G Representing grid power、P HES Representing hybrid energy storage system power、P L Representing the load power.
DC bus voltageU dcEquivalent capacitance power of sum direct current busP C The relationship is as follows:
Figure 362817DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Figure 128648DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
in the formulaCThe equivalent capacitance is represented, and if the voltage needs to be maintained stable, the equivalent capacitance includes:
Figure 877161DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Figure 552993DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,I HES representing the hybrid energy storage system current. Theoretically, the dc bus voltage is not changed, regardless of the photovoltaic power and load, as long as the hybrid energy storage system 6 is able to provide a sufficiently large currentU dcCan be kept stable. In fact, however, the current of the hybrid energy storage system 6 cannot reach infinity. Therefore, the DC bus voltage is allowed to fluctuate within a small range and can be stabilized within a certain range。
According to the characteristics of household energy management and the control requirement of the direct-current micro-grid, the household energy management system is divided into a grid-connected mode and an off-grid mode, the direct-current bus voltage is divided into three levels within an allowed variation range, the household energy management system has six operation modes in total, and a corresponding power control strategy of the household electric energy router is provided.
In the grid-connected mode, the photovoltaic system 1 generally employs an MPPT control strategy. When in useU dc ≥U dc_high OrU dc ≤U dc_low When the grid-connected converter adopts a droop control strategy; when in useU dc_low ≤U dc ≤U dc_high The hybrid energy storage system 6 serves as a main control unit, employing a droop control strategy.
And in the off-grid mode, the grid-connected converter does not work. When in useU dc ≥U dc_high The photovoltaic system 1 is switched from the operation of the MPPT control strategy to the power reduction control; when in useU dc_low ≤U dc ≤U dc_high When the hybrid energy storage system 6 is used, the droop control is adopted as a main control unit; when in useU dc ≤U dc_low And the load converter performs load shedding operation to keep the direct current bus voltage stable.
The feasibility of the method provided by the embodiments of the present invention is verified by the following specific experiments, which are described in detail below:
a direct-current microgrid is built based on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform and based on the electric energy router 5, simulation is carried out based on the built model, and specific control methods of all devices in grid-connected and off-grid modes are shown in table 1.
Figure 994338DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Various scenes in the grid-connected mode include the following two types:
first, when the lighting conditions are good, the power generated by photovoltaic power generation is prioritized over the user load. (1) The hybrid energy storage system 6 does not reach the maximum charging and discharging power, the power of the photovoltaic system 1 is larger than the power required by a user load, photovoltaic power generation is prior to the load, and the residual power is used for charging the hybrid energy storage system 6. The residual power of the photovoltaic power generation is not completely absorbed and then is integrated into a power grid; the power generated by the photovoltaic is less than the power required by the consumer load, which is used to charge the battery when the consumer load is powered by the grid. (2) The hybrid energy storage system 6 reaches the maximum charge-discharge power, the power of the photovoltaic system 1 is larger than the power required by a user load, the power of photovoltaic power generation is prior to the load, and the residual power is completely connected to the grid; the power of the photovoltaic is less than the power required by the user load, and the photovoltaic and the power grid together provide the load.
And secondly, at night or in cloudy days, the photovoltaic is not output, and the power grid supplies power to the load. (1) The hybrid energy storage system 6 does not reach the maximum charge-discharge power, and the power grid 4 supplies power to the load and charges the battery; (2) the hybrid energy storage system 6 reaches the maximum charge-discharge power, and the power grid supplies power to the load.
The various scenarios of off-grid mode include the following two categories:
first, when the lighting conditions are good, the power generated by photovoltaic power generation is prioritized over the user load. (1) The power of the photovoltaic is larger than the power required by the user load, and the residual power is stored in the hybrid energy storage system 6; (2) the power of the photovoltaic is less than the power required by the user load and the hybrid energy storage system 6 and the photovoltaic system 1 together supply power to the load.
And secondly, at night or in cloudy time, the photovoltaic system 1 does not output, and the hybrid energy storage system 6 supplies power to the load.
The simulation result of the grid-connected mode is shown in fig. 6; the simulation result of the off-grid mode is shown in fig. 7; in order to verify the feasibility and stability of the grid-connected and off-grid switching of the system, the simulation result of the switching operation is shown in fig. 8.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A direct-current microgrid power control strategy oriented to a household electric energy router is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the household energy management system is characterized in that a household energy management system overall architecture is designed by taking a household electric energy router as a core and covering a power grid interface, a photovoltaic system, a hybrid energy storage system, an alternating current load and a direct current load as the household energy management system of a household user, the household electric energy router is connected to the power grid, the photovoltaic system, the hybrid energy storage system, the alternating current load and the direct current load, and an electric meter is arranged;
s2: an improved variable step size disturbance observation method is adopted to control the photovoltaic system;
s3: a hybrid energy storage system is constructed on the basis of a lithium battery and a super capacitor, the hybrid energy storage system is connected to a direct-current bus in parallel through a converter, and charging and discharging power is adjusted according to the voltage of the direct-current bus on the basis of a droop control theory;
s4: the grid-connected converter adopts power droop control to ensure stable transmission of electric energy in the grid-connected process, and a vector decoupling direct current control strategy based on a dq coordinate system is adopted to enable the dynamic response speed of alternating current side current to be higher;
s5: according to the characteristics of household energy management and the control requirement of the direct-current micro-grid, the household energy management system is divided into a grid-connected mode and an off-grid mode, the direct-current bus voltage is divided into three levels within an allowed variation range, the household energy management system has six operation modes in total, and a corresponding power control strategy of the household electric energy router is provided.
2. The household power router-oriented dc microgrid power control strategy of claim 1, wherein in step S1, when the household energy management system has enough power, the load is ensured to operate normally, and when the household energy management system has insufficient power, the load converter adjusts to reduce power operation to maintain the power balance of the household energy management system.
3. The direct-current microgrid power control strategy oriented to the household electric energy router of claim 1, wherein the step S2 is specifically: firstly, collecting output voltage and current signals of a photovoltaic cell, and then calculating output power; the error precision is obtained by comparing the absolute difference value between the voltage amplitude at the previous moment and the current voltage amplitude, so that whether the photovoltaic cell operates near the maximum working power point can be judged; if yes, the photovoltaic system continues to operate at the moment; otherwise a new value will be assigned to the reference voltage according to the formula given in the step size.
4. The direct-current microgrid power control strategy oriented to the household electric energy router of claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, the hybrid energy storage system is composed of a lithium battery and a super capacitor; according to the theory idea of droop control, the charging and discharging power of the super capacitor is the DC bus voltageP SC-U dcLithium battery charging and discharging power-super capacitor voltageP Bat -U SCThe mathematical expression for the droop characteristic of (a) is as follows:
Figure 577247DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P SCrepresents the power of the super capacitor,P SC_disc_LimitIndicating the discharge power limit of the supercapacitor,P SC_char_LimitIndicates the charging power limit of the super capacitor,P BatRepresents the power of the lithium battery,P Bat_disc_LimitThe discharge power of the lithium battery is limited,P Bat_char_LimitRepresents a lithium battery charging power limit;U dcrepresents the DC bus voltage,U dc_lowRepresents the lower limit of the DC bus voltage, Udc_highRepresents the upper limit of the DC bus voltage,U SCRepresents the supercapacitor voltage,U SC-lowRepresents the lower voltage limit of the supercapacitor andU SC_highrepresents the upper voltage limit of the super capacitor; k is a radical of1RepresentsP SC-U dcSag factor and k of sag characteristic curve2RepresentsP Bat -U SCSag factor of sag characteristic curve, C1RepresentsP SC-U dcIntercept of droop characteristic, constant, C2RepresentsP Bat -U SCThe intercept of the droop characteristic curve is constant;
based on a droop control theory, a control circuit of the hybrid energy storage converter is designed, a lithium battery and a super capacitor are connected to a direct current bus in parallel through a converter, and charging and discharging power is adjusted according to the voltage of the direct current bus.
5. The direct-current microgrid power control strategy oriented to the household electric energy router as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that in step S4, in order to ensure stable transmission of electric energy in grid connection process, the grid-connected converter adopts power drop control in grid connection mode, and the grid-connected converter supplies direct-current bus voltageP GCC -U dc The mathematical expression for the droop characteristic is:
Figure 725332DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P GCCrepresents the grid-connected converter power,P GCC_rect_LimitRepresents the maximum rectification power of the grid-connected converter,P GCC_inv_LimitRepresenting the maximum inversion power of the grid-connected converter;U dc_low1represents the first-level lower limit of the DC bus voltage,U dc_low2Means for indicating straightThe secondary lower limit of the current bus voltage,U dc_high1Represents the first-level upper limit of the DC bus voltage,U dc_high2Represents the two-stage upper limit k of the DC bus voltage3To representP GCC -U dc Sag factor of sag characteristic curve, C3To representP GCC -U dc Intercept of droop characteristic curve 1, C4To representP GCC -U dc Intercept two, C of droop characteristic3And C4Is a constant.
6. The strategy for controlling power of a dc micro-grid oriented to a home electric energy router according to claim 4, wherein in step S5, the distributed power supply, the energy storage, the load, and the switching power supply of the MG and the distribution network are decoupled by the dc bus, so as to obtain the equivalent circuit of the dc bus of the dc micro-grid, and the power balance of the dc bus is:
Figure 405712DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P C representing the equivalent capacitance power of the DC bus、P PV Representing power generated by a photovoltaic system、P G Representing grid power、P HES Representing hybrid energy storage system power、P L Representing the load power;
DC bus voltageU dcEquivalent capacitance power of sum direct current busP C The relationship is as follows:
Figure 879418DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 878205DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
in the formulaCThe equivalent capacitance is represented, and if the voltage needs to be maintained stable, the equivalent capacitance includes:
Figure 564401DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure 364867DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,I HES represents the hybrid energy storage system current;
in a grid-connected mode, a photovoltaic system usually adopts an MPPT control strategy; when in useU dc ≥U dc_high OrU dc ≤U dc_low When the grid-connected converter adopts a droop control strategy; when in useU dc_low ≤U dc ≤U dc_high The hybrid energy storage system is used as a main control unit and adopts a droop control strategy;
in the off-grid mode, the grid-connected converter does not work; when in useU dc ≥U dc_high The photovoltaic system is converted from MPPT control strategy operation to power reduction control; when in useU dc_low ≤U dc ≤U dc_high When the hybrid energy storage system is used, the hybrid energy storage system is a main control unit and adopts droop control; when in useU dc ≤U dc_low And the load converter performs load shedding operation to keep the direct current bus voltage stable.
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