CN113690852B - Switching power supply and over-power protection device and method thereof - Google Patents

Switching power supply and over-power protection device and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113690852B
CN113690852B CN202110586930.XA CN202110586930A CN113690852B CN 113690852 B CN113690852 B CN 113690852B CN 202110586930 A CN202110586930 A CN 202110586930A CN 113690852 B CN113690852 B CN 113690852B
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voltage
over
switching power
circuit
peak value
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CN113690852A (en
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朱宁
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Hanxin Microelectronics Wuxi Co ltd
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Hanxin Microelectronics Wuxi Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/006Calibration or setting of parameters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a switching power supply and an over-power protection device and method thereof. The over-power protection method is applied to a switching power supply, wherein the switching power supply comprises a switching power converter; the method comprises the following steps: determining a voltage peak of an input voltage of the switching power supply; adjusting the trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value so that the trigger voltage and the voltage peak value are in negative correlation; determining whether the voltage peak is greater than a regulated trigger voltage; and triggering an over-power protection mechanism to protect the switching power converter under the condition that the voltage peak value is determined to be larger than the regulated trigger voltage. Therefore, trigger voltage errors under different voltage input conditions can be reduced, and the effectiveness of over-power protection is improved.

Description

Switching power supply and over-power protection device and method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic products, in particular to a switching power supply and an over-power protection device and method thereof.
Background
The switching power supply is a power supply device, such as a charger or a power adapter, and is used for converting power to provide power to an electronic device or other loads. Current switching power supplies generally include at least one of the following protection mechanisms: overvoltage protection (over voltage protection, OVP), over-temperature protection (over temperature protection, OTP), overload protection (over load protection, OLP), and the like.
The overload protection is also called as over-power protection, and can cut off the main power supply when the load power supply exceeds the rated load thereof or the fault of the post-stage load with over-actual power such as short circuit, overcurrent and the like occurs, so as to avoid the damage of the charger or the load caused by the overcurrent. However, the current overload protection often has protection failure problems, and potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the over-power protection in the prior art often has a protection failure problem, and provides a switching power supply, an over-power protection device and an over-power protection method thereof.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, an over-power protection method is provided, and is applied to a switching power supply, wherein the switching power supply comprises a switching power converter;
The over-power protection method comprises the following steps:
Determining a voltage peak of an input voltage of the switching power supply;
adjusting the trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value so that the trigger voltage and the voltage peak value are in negative correlation;
Determining whether the voltage peak is greater than a regulated trigger voltage;
And triggering an over-power protection mechanism to protect the switching power converter under the condition that the voltage peak value is determined to be larger than the regulated trigger voltage.
Optionally, adjusting the trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value includes:
subtracting the constant voltage from the voltage peak value to obtain a control voltage;
and determining the trigger voltage according to the control voltage.
Optionally, determining the trigger voltage according to the control voltage includes:
the control voltage is converted by a voltage-controlled current source to obtain a control current;
the control current is converted by a voltage source to obtain the trigger voltage.
Optionally, triggering the over-power protection mechanism includes:
Starting a counter to count if it is determined that the voltage peak is greater than the regulated trigger voltage;
And triggering an over-power protection mechanism to protect the switching power converter under the condition that the count of the counter reaches a count threshold.
In a second aspect, an over-power protection device is provided, and is applied to a switching power supply, where the switching power supply includes a switching power converter;
the over-power protection device includes: the input end of the detection circuit is used for inputting the input voltage of the switching power supply, and the output end of the detection circuit is connected with the input end of the regulation circuit; the output end of the regulating circuit is connected with the over-power protection circuit through the comparison circuit;
the detection circuit is used for determining a voltage peak value of the input voltage of the switching power supply;
The adjusting circuit is used for adjusting the trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value so as to enable the trigger voltage to be in negative correlation with the voltage peak value;
the comparison circuit is used for determining whether the voltage peak value is larger than the regulated trigger voltage or not, and triggering an over-power protection mechanism to protect the switching power converter under the condition that the voltage peak value is larger than the regulated trigger voltage.
Optionally, the detection circuit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, and a peak detection sub-circuit;
One end of the first resistor is used for inputting the input voltage of the switching power supply, the other end of the first resistor is respectively connected with one end of the second resistor and the input end of the peak detection sub-circuit, the output end of the peak detection sub-circuit is connected with the input end of the regulating circuit, and the other end of the second resistor is grounded.
Optionally, the adjusting circuit includes: subtractor, voltage-controlled current source and voltage source;
The first input end of the subtracter is connected with the output end of the detection circuit, the second input end of the subtracter is used for inputting constant voltage, and the output end of the subtracter is connected with the input end of the voltage-controlled current source; the output end of the voltage-controlled current source is connected with the input end of the voltage source, and the output end of the voltage source is connected with the comparison circuit.
Optionally, the adjusting circuit further includes:
And one end of the adjusting resistor is connected with the output end of the voltage source, and the other end of the adjusting resistor is grounded through the direct-current voltage source.
In a third aspect, there is provided a switching power supply comprising: a switching power converter and an over-power protection device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims for providing over-power protection for the switching power converter.
The invention has the positive progress effects that:
In the embodiment of the invention, the trigger voltage of the over-power protection is regulated through the voltage peak value of the input voltage of the switching power supply, so that the trigger voltage is not a constant reference voltage but is in negative correlation with the voltage peak value of the input voltage, thereby reducing the trigger voltage error under different voltage input conditions and improving the effectiveness of the over-power protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a circuit diagram of a prior art over-power protection device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 1b is a waveform of a current flowing through a control switch under two input conditions of high and low voltage input at an input terminal of a switching power supply according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a flowchart of a method for over-power protection according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a circuit diagram of a flyback power supply according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an over-power protection device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by means of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1a is a circuit diagram of a prior art over-power protection device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 1a is a circuit diagram of an over-power protection device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, where the over-power protection device includes a part of a switching power converter, and the switching power supply further includes a switching power converter, and is configured to convert an input power source (provided by an external power source) into a target power source, and output the target power source to a load. Wherein the switching power converter may be, but is not limited to, a flyback converter.
Referring to fig. 1a, the over-power protection device 1 includes a comparator 11 and an over-power protection circuit 12, wherein a non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 11 is connected to a detection node P, and an output terminal of a control switch Q1 of the flyback converter is taken as the detection node P in the figure, and a potential of an output terminal of the switching tube Q1 can reflect an input voltage change condition of the switching power supply. The negative phase input end of the comparator 11 is used for inputting a constant reference voltage Vref, and the output end of the comparator 11 is connected with the over-power protection circuit 12. When the voltage of the detection node P is greater than the reference voltage Vref, the comparator 11 outputs a high level to trigger the protection mechanism of the over-power protection circuit 12, and the connection between the switching power converter and the external power supply is disconnected, so as to protect the switching power converter and the load. When the voltage at the detection node P is not greater than the reference voltage Vref, the comparator 11 outputs a low level, and the over-power protection circuit 12 does not operate.
The switching power converter converts an input power source to a target power source by providing a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal to a control switch in the switching power converter, the input power source being an ac voltage in the range of 85V-265V. Studies have shown that the peak current through the control switch is one of the key parameters determining the output power of a switching power converter. Fig. 1b shows waveforms of currents flowing through the control switch under different input power conditions, where a curve La represents a waveform of a current flowing through the control switch when an input voltage of the switching power supply is a high voltage, and a curve Lb represents a waveform of a current flowing through the control switch when an input voltage is a low voltage, and a minimum voltage value of the high voltage is greater than a maximum voltage value of the low voltage. Due to the effect of the transmission delay, there is always a delay tp between the ideal off time and the actual off time of the control switch Q1, resulting in a current error of the current flowing through the control switch Q1, referring to fig. 1b, when the input power is at a high voltage, the current error (I H'-IH) flowing through the control switch Q1 is greater than the current error (I L'-IL) flowing through the control switch when the input power is at a low voltage, that is, when the input power is at a high voltage, the ramp rate of the current flowing through the control switch is greater than the ramp rate of the current flowing through the control switch when the input power is at a low voltage, which makes the maximum output power of the switching power converter higher than the maximum output power of the switching power converter when the input power is at a low voltage.
Based on the above situation, the embodiment of the invention provides an over-power protection method, which adjusts the trigger voltage of over-power protection through the voltage peak value of the input voltage of the switching power supply, so that the trigger voltage is not a constant reference voltage, thereby reducing the current error under the high-low voltage input condition caused by transmission delay and improving the effectiveness of over-power protection.
Fig. 2a is a flowchart of an over-power protection method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applied to a switching power supply, and the switching power supply includes a switching power converter for converting an input power supply to a target power supply and inputting the target power supply to a load.
The following describes the process of over-power protection in detail using a switching power supply as a flyback power supply as an example. Fig. 2b is a circuit diagram of a flyback power supply according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flyback power supply includes an EMI filter, a rectifying filter, a power converter (including a flyback transformer T and a MOSFET control switch), a filter, a PWM generator, and a feedback circuit, and the EMI filter filters an input voltage Vac to filter out transient high-voltage pulse interference signals in the input voltage Vac; the EMI filter inputs the filtered alternating current into a rectifying filter to convert the alternating current into direct current by the rectifying filter; during the MOSFET on period, the flyback transformer T stores energy, during the MOSFET off period, the energy stored by the flyback transformer T is released to the secondary side through coupling, and the voltage output by the secondary side of the flyback transformer T is filtered by the filter and then is output. The feedback circuit collects the voltage Vout output by the rectifying filter and feeds back the voltage Vout to the PWM generator, and the PWM generator controls the on-duty ratio of the MOSFET.
Referring to fig. 2a, the method comprises the steps of:
step 201, determining a voltage peak of an input voltage of a switching power supply.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2b, the ac passing through the EMI filter filters out the instantaneous high voltage pulse interference signal, and the output end of the EMI filter may be used as a detection node, and the voltage of the detection node represents the input voltage of the switching power supply.
In one embodiment, a voltage divider circuit is connected to the output of the EMI filter, a node on the voltage divider circuit is used as a detection node, and the voltage of the detection node is used to characterize the input voltage of the switching power supply.
Step 202, adjusting the trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value, so that the trigger voltage and the voltage peak value are in negative correlation.
In one embodiment, the constant voltage is subtracted from the voltage peak to obtain a control voltage, and the trigger voltage is determined based on the control voltage. The constant voltage is a fixed value, and it can be understood that the difference between the constant voltage and the voltage peak decreases with the increase of the voltage peak, and the difference between the constant voltage and the voltage peak increases with the decrease of the voltage peak, that is, the difference and the voltage peak are in negative correlation, and the difference and the trigger voltage are in positive correlation, so that the trigger voltage and the voltage peak are in negative correlation. Wherein, the constant voltage can be set up by oneself according to actual demand.
In one embodiment, determining the trigger voltage from the control voltage includes: the control voltage is converted by the voltage-controlled current source to obtain control current, and the control current is converted by the voltage source to obtain trigger voltage. Because the difference voltage of the input voltage-controlled current source is inversely related to the voltage peak value, the voltage output by the voltage source is inversely related to the voltage peak value, and the voltage output by the voltage source is used as the trigger voltage of the over-power protection, so that the trigger voltage is reduced along with the increase of the voltage peak value and is increased along with the decrease of the voltage peak value, namely the trigger voltage is inversely related to the voltage peak value.
Step 203, determining whether the voltage peak is greater than the regulated trigger voltage.
In step 203, if it is determined that the voltage peak is greater than the regulated trigger voltage, indicating that there is a risk, step 204 is performed; if it is determined that the voltage peak is not greater than the regulated trigger voltage, then no action is taken.
Step 204, triggering an over-power protection mechanism to realize the protection of the switching power converter.
In one embodiment, the over-power protection mechanism is triggered directly if it is determined that the voltage peak is greater than the regulated trigger voltage.
In one embodiment, if it is determined that the voltage peak is greater than the regulated trigger voltage, the over-power protection mechanism is not directly triggered, but a counter is started to count, so as to determine whether the count of the counter reaches a count threshold; if the count of the counter reaches the count threshold value, indicating that the risk exists, executing an overvoltage protection mechanism, and disconnecting the switch power converter from an external power supply to realize the overvoltage protection mechanism; if the count of the counter does not reach the count threshold, the risk is not existed, and the operation is not performed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the trigger voltage of the over-power protection is regulated through the voltage peak value of the input voltage of the switching power supply, so that the trigger voltage is not a constant reference voltage but is in negative correlation with the voltage peak value of the input voltage, thereby reducing the current error under different voltage input conditions caused by transmission delay, further reducing the trigger voltage error and improving the effectiveness of the over-power protection.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an over-power protection device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the over-power protection device includes: a detection circuit 31, a regulation circuit 32, a comparison circuit 33 and an over-power protection circuit 34. The input end of the detection circuit 31 is connected with the input end of the switching power supply or the output end of the EMI filter, the output end of the detection circuit 31 is connected with the input end of the regulating circuit 32, and the output end of the regulating circuit 32 is connected with the over-power protection circuit 34 through the comparison circuit 33.
The detection circuit 31 is configured to determine a voltage peak value U2 of an input voltage of the switching power supply, and send the voltage peak value U2 to the adjustment circuit 32, where the adjustment circuit 32 is configured to adjust a trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value U2, so that the trigger voltage is inversely related to the voltage peak value of the input voltage of the switching power supply, that is, the trigger voltage decreases with an increase in the voltage peak value, and the trigger voltage increases with a decrease in the voltage peak value; the comparison circuit 33 is configured to determine whether a voltage peak of an input voltage of the switching power supply is greater than the regulated trigger voltage, and trigger the over-power protection mechanism if it is determined that the voltage peak is greater than the regulated trigger voltage; in the event that it is determined that the voltage peak is not greater than the regulated trigger voltage, the over-power protection mechanism is not triggered.
In one embodiment, the detection circuit includes: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a peak detection sub-circuit; one end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the input end of the switching power supply or the output end of the EMI filter, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with one end of the second resistor R2, the other end of the second resistor R2 is grounded, and the voltage division function is realized by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2; the other end of the first resistor R1 is also used as a detection node P to be connected with the input end of the peak detection sub-circuit 311, and the output end of the peak detection sub-circuit 311 is connected with the input end of the regulating circuit 32; the input voltage of the switching power supply is divided by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, the voltage change condition of the detection node P can represent the change condition of the input voltage of the switching power supply, and the peak detection sub-circuit 311 can represent the peak value of the input voltage of the switching power supply by detecting the peak value U2 of the ac voltage Vcs of the detection node P, and output the peak value U2 to the regulating circuit 32.
In one embodiment, the conditioning circuit 32 includes: subtractor 321, voltage controlled current source 322, and voltage source 323. A first input end of the subtracter 321 is connected with an output end of the detection circuit 31, a second input end of the subtracter 321 is used for inputting a constant voltage U1, and an output end of the subtracter 321 is connected with an input end of the voltage-controlled current source 322; an output terminal of the voltage-controlled current source 322 is connected to an input terminal of the voltage source 323, and an output terminal of the voltage source 322 is connected to the comparison circuit 33.
The subtractor 321 takes as an input of the voltage-controlled current source a difference between the constant voltage U1 and the voltage peak U2 of the detection node P. The constant voltage is a fixed value, as the difference value between the constant voltage U1 and the voltage peak value U2 of the detection node P is reduced along with the increase of the voltage peak value U2, the voltage input into the voltage-controlled current source is inversely related to the voltage peak value U2 along with the decrease of the voltage peak value U2, the voltage output by the voltage source is inversely related to the voltage peak value U2, the voltage output by the voltage source is used as the trigger voltage of the over-power protection, the trigger voltage is reduced along with the increase of the voltage peak value U2, the current error flowing through the control switch can be reduced along with the decrease of the voltage peak value U2 through the adjustment of the trigger voltage, the trigger voltage error can be reduced, and the effectiveness of the over-power protection is improved.
In one embodiment, the regulating circuit further comprises a regulating resistor, one end of the regulating resistor is connected with the output end of the voltage source, and the other end of the regulating resistor is grounded through the direct-current voltage source. The adjusting resistor is used for fine adjustment of the trigger voltage, so that the trigger voltage output by the adjusting circuit is more accurate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the trigger voltage of the over-power protection is regulated through the voltage peak value of the input end of the switching power supply, so that the trigger voltage is not a constant reference voltage but is in negative correlation with the voltage peak value of the input voltage of the switching power supply, thereby reducing the trigger voltage error under the high-low voltage input condition caused by transmission delay and improving the effectiveness of the over-power protection. The embodiment of the invention also has the advantage of simple realization of a specific circuit.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. An over-power protection method for a switching power supply, the switching power supply including a switching power converter, the over-power protection method comprising:
determining a voltage peak value of an input voltage of the switching power supply;
Adjusting the trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value so that the trigger voltage and the voltage peak value are in negative correlation; the step of adjusting the trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value comprises the following steps: subtracting the constant voltage from the voltage peak value to obtain a control voltage; the control voltage is converted by a voltage-controlled current source to obtain a control current; the control current is converted through a voltage source to obtain the trigger voltage;
Determining whether the voltage peak is greater than a regulated trigger voltage;
Starting a counter to count if it is determined that the voltage peak is greater than the regulated trigger voltage;
And triggering an over-power protection mechanism to protect the switching power converter under the condition that the count of the counter reaches a count threshold.
2. An over-power protection device is characterized by being applied to a switching power supply, wherein the switching power supply comprises a switching power converter;
The over-power protection device includes: the input end of the detection circuit is used for inputting the input voltage of the switching power supply, and the output end of the detection circuit is connected with the input end of the regulation circuit; the output end of the regulating circuit is connected with the over-power protection circuit through the comparison circuit;
the detection circuit is used for determining a voltage peak value of the input voltage of the switching power supply;
The adjusting circuit is used for adjusting the trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value so as to enable the trigger voltage to be in negative correlation with the voltage peak value; the step of adjusting the trigger voltage of the over-power protection according to the voltage peak value comprises the following steps: subtracting the constant voltage from the voltage peak value to obtain a control voltage; the control voltage is converted by a voltage-controlled current source to obtain a control current; the control current is converted through a voltage source to obtain the trigger voltage;
The comparison circuit is used for determining whether the voltage peak value is larger than the regulated trigger voltage or not, and starting a counter to count under the condition that the voltage peak value is determined to be larger than the regulated trigger voltage;
And triggering an over-power protection mechanism to protect the switching power converter under the condition that the count of the counter reaches a count threshold.
3. The over-power protection device of claim 2, wherein the detection circuit comprises: a first resistor, a second resistor, and a peak detection sub-circuit;
One end of the first resistor is used for inputting the input voltage, the other end of the first resistor is connected with one end of the second resistor and the input end of the peak detection sub-circuit respectively, the output end of the peak detection sub-circuit is connected with the input end of the regulating circuit, and the other end of the second resistor is grounded.
4. The over-power protection device of claim 2, wherein the conditioning circuit comprises: subtractor, voltage-controlled current source and voltage source;
The first input end of the subtracter is connected with the output end of the detection circuit, the second input end of the subtracter is used for inputting constant voltage, and the output end of the subtracter is connected with the input end of the voltage-controlled current source; the output end of the voltage-controlled current source is connected with the input end of the voltage source, and the output end of the voltage source is connected with the comparison circuit.
5. The over-power protection device of claim 4, wherein the conditioning circuit further comprises:
And one end of the adjusting resistor is connected with the output end of the voltage source, and the other end of the adjusting resistor is grounded through the direct-current voltage source.
6. A switching power supply, comprising: switching power converter and an over-power protection device according to any of claims 2-5 for providing over-power protection for a switching power converter.
CN202110586930.XA 2021-05-27 2021-05-27 Switching power supply and over-power protection device and method thereof Active CN113690852B (en)

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CN114421566B (en) * 2022-01-20 2023-06-20 瀚昕微电子(无锡)有限公司 Charging management circuit and charging circuit comprising same
CN115296259B (en) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-20 深圳利普芯微电子有限公司 Overvoltage protection circuit and LED drive power supply

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CN1897388A (en) * 2006-05-09 2007-01-17 苏州市华芯微电子有限公司 Actuating power-supply over-consumption protection and protecting circuit
CN105024535A (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-11-04 英飞凌科技奥地利有限公司 Peak power limitation and overpower protection for switching regulated power supply
CN106329933A (en) * 2015-07-10 2017-01-11 Tdk株式会社 Switching power supply device
CN111600470A (en) * 2020-06-10 2020-08-28 杰华特微电子(杭州)有限公司 Switching power supply control circuit and control method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1897388A (en) * 2006-05-09 2007-01-17 苏州市华芯微电子有限公司 Actuating power-supply over-consumption protection and protecting circuit
CN105024535A (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-11-04 英飞凌科技奥地利有限公司 Peak power limitation and overpower protection for switching regulated power supply
CN106329933A (en) * 2015-07-10 2017-01-11 Tdk株式会社 Switching power supply device
CN111600470A (en) * 2020-06-10 2020-08-28 杰华特微电子(杭州)有限公司 Switching power supply control circuit and control method

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