CN113690612A - Full-polarization rectifying antenna with wide bandwidth power range and energy transmission system - Google Patents
Full-polarization rectifying antenna with wide bandwidth power range and energy transmission system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113690612A CN113690612A CN202110779393.0A CN202110779393A CN113690612A CN 113690612 A CN113690612 A CN 113690612A CN 202110779393 A CN202110779393 A CN 202110779393A CN 113690612 A CN113690612 A CN 113690612A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-polarization rectifying antenna with wide bandwidth and wide power range and an energy transmission system, comprising a receiving antenna and a rectifying circuit, wherein the receiving antenna is a wide bandwidth wave beam dual-polarization antenna and comprises a floor and a feed coaxial line, one surface of the floor is provided with a metal wall and a radiating body, the metal wall is arranged around the radiating body, and the feed coaxial line is respectively connected with the input ports of the radiating body and the rectifying circuit; the rectification circuit is a double-input rectification circuit with wide bandwidth and wide power range, and is printed on the other surface of the floor, the rectification circuit can be used for collecting wide-frequency-band microwave wireless energy, and the rectification circuit has the advantages that the circuit matching performance can be improved in the wide bandwidth and wide power range, the circuit efficiency is improved, the unbalanced-to-balanced conversion of power can be realized, and the stable rectification efficiency can be kept under the condition of different incident polarization rotation angles after the rectification circuit is combined with a dual-polarization receiving antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave wireless energy transmission, in particular to a full-polarization rectifying antenna with a wide bandwidth power range and an energy transmission system.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication and low-power electronic devices, wireless energy transmission and wireless energy collection are becoming technologies expected to wirelessly charge electronic devices, such as sensor nodes, medical devices, micro-robots and the like in the internet of things. However, in different application scenarios, the operating conditions may also vary, specifically including the receiving direction, the frequency, the input power level, the load value, and so on. However, the conventional rectenna can only work in a specific scene, and currently, few research works can realize simultaneous work in multiple scenes. The rectifying antenna comprises a rectifying circuit and a receiving antenna, and radio frequency energy is collected by the receiving antenna and then transmitted to the rectifying circuit to be converted into direct current energy to be supplied to an electric appliance for working.
In order to improve the versatility of the rectenna, it is necessary to design a wide-band, wide-power-range, and wide-load-range rectifying circuit. One of the commonly adopted ways is to connect the sub-rectification branches respectively working at different frequency bands or different power levels in parallel, but the method cannot combine the loads of multiple branches and is difficult to be applied in an actual scene; the second way is to use an impedance transformation network to realize matching, such as a non-uniform transmission line, a coupled line or an adaptive dc-dc converter to expand the bandwidth, and a branch line coupler and an impedance compression network to expand the power range. However, little research has been done to achieve a wide bandwidth power range simultaneously.
In addition to the rectifying circuit, the performance of the receiving antenna is also critical. In order to collect more rf energy, a broad beam design is often required. In addition, since most electromagnetic waves used for wireless communication in the environment are linearly polarized waves, a dual-polarized antenna is often used to receive linearly polarized electromagnetic waves of an arbitrary incident polarization angle, but in this case, radio frequency energy obtained by two polarized ports of the antenna is different, and when a rectifying circuit is connected after the antenna, unequal dc energy is caused by unbalanced input power, and energy integration is difficult. For this purpose, a branch line coupler can be added between the dual-polarized antenna and the rectifying circuit to perform power unbalance-balance conversion. In addition, antennas employing wide beams can collect more rf energy over a wider range. However, the above technical means cannot simultaneously achieve the characteristics of wide band, wide power, and insensitive polarization rotation angle.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a fully polarized rectenna with wide bandwidth power range and an energy transfer system.
The invention comprises a broadband wide-beam dual-polarized antenna and a dual-input rectification circuit with a wide-bandwidth power range. When the dual-polarized antenna receives electromagnetic waves with different frequencies or power levels, the input impedance of the dual-polarized antenna also changes due to the nonlinear characteristic of the rectifier diode, so that the matching is deteriorated, and the efficiency is reduced; in addition, the power imbalance is caused by the influence of the polarization deflection angle of the incident wave, and the efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the full-polarization rectifying antenna adopting wide-bandwidth power can not only improve the influence of the rectifying diode along with the frequency and power change, but also balance the received unbalanced power, thereby still keeping stable efficiency under the changed polarization rotation angle.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a full-polarization rectenna with wide bandwidth power range comprises a receiving antenna and a rectifying circuit;
the receiving antenna is a broadband wide-beam dual-polarized antenna and comprises a floor and a feed coaxial line, wherein a metal wall and a radiating body are arranged on one surface of the floor, the metal wall is arranged around the radiating body, and the feed coaxial line is respectively connected with the radiating body and an input port of the rectifying circuit;
the rectifying circuit is a double-input rectifying circuit with a wide bandwidth and a wide power range, is printed on the other surface of the floor and comprises a six-port network based on a Lange coupler, the six-port network based on the Lange coupler is respectively connected with input ends of a first rectifying path and a second rectifying path, and two output ends of the first rectifying path and the second rectifying path are connected with two ends of a load.
Furthermore, the radiator comprises two pairs of orthogonally arranged bow-tie oscillators, the intersection point is the central point of the floor, and the tail ends of the bow-tie oscillators are folded downwards.
Furthermore, the metal walls comprise four groups which are symmetrically arranged around the radiator, each group of metal walls comprises a first metal wall and a second metal wall which are arranged in parallel, and the first metal walls are close to the radiator.
Furthermore, the metal walls are rectangular, and the length and the width of the first metal wall are smaller than those of the second metal wall.
Further, the Lange coupler-based six-port network includes first, second and third Lange couplers connected end-to-end.
Further, the first rectifying path is formed by connecting a first sub-rectifying branch and a second sub-rectifying branch in parallel, and the second rectifying path is formed by connecting a third sub-rectifying branch and a fourth sub-rectifying branch in parallel.
Furthermore, the first sub-rectifying branch and the second sub-rectifying branch are completely the same and are composed of a section of parallel short-circuit low-impedance microstrip line, a section of series high-impedance microstrip line, a blocking capacitor, two voltage-multiplying connected rectifying diodes and a parallel filter capacitor.
Furthermore, the third sub-rectifying branch and the fourth sub-rectifying branch are completely the same and are composed of a section of parallel short-circuit low-impedance microstrip line, a section of series high-impedance microstrip line, a blocking capacitor, two voltage-multiplying connected rectifying diodes and a parallel filter capacitor, and the connecting direction of the rectifying diodes is different from that of the first rectifying branch.
Furthermore, the floor board adopts a square single-sided copper-clad dielectric plate which is convenient to install on the periphery.
An energy transmission system comprises the full-polarization rectifying antenna.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention integrates the rectifying circuit under the floor of the receiving antenna, does not increase extra size and has compact structure.
(2) The wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarized antenna provided by the invention radiates by the folded oscillator loaded with the parasitic metal wall, not only expands the beam, but also expands the bandwidth, and is beneficial to collecting more radio frequency energy, thereby improving the rectification efficiency.
(3) The six-port network in the dual-input rectification circuit can improve the circuit matching performance in a wide-bandwidth power range, improve the circuit efficiency, realize the conversion from unbalance to balance of power, and keep stable rectification efficiency under the condition of different incident polarization rotation angles after being combined with a dual-polarization receiving antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of the structure of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rectifier circuit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a layout of a rectifier circuit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a test system to which embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 6 shows that the concentration of the compounds in example 1 of the present invention is 1uW/cm2、10uW/cm2、50uW/cm2Test rectification efficiency at power density.
FIG. 7 shows that in example 1 of the present invention, the operating frequency is 2.4GHz and the power density is 10uW/cm2Under the condition (1), the fluctuation condition of the rectification efficiency along with the rotation angle phi is tested.
FIG. 8 shows that in example 1 of the present invention, the operating frequency is 2.4GHz and the power density is 10uW/cm2Under the condition (1), the fluctuation condition of the rectification efficiency along with the rotation angle theta is tested.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a full-polarization rectenna with a wide bandwidth power range includes a receiving antenna and a rectifying circuit.
The receiving antenna is a wide-bandwidth beam dual-polarized antenna, a coaxial line is used as a feed balun, the radiator is a bow-tie-shaped oscillator with a folded tail end, the floor is a square single-sided copper-clad dielectric plate with folded edges at the periphery, and eight metal walls are symmetrically loaded around the radiator to realize the functions of beam widening and bandwidth expansion.
The method further comprises the following steps: floor 1, feed coaxial lines 2, 3 and radiator 6. The floor is a square dielectric plate, the upper surface of the square dielectric plate is coated with copper, four sides of the square dielectric plate are folded downwards by 90 degrees, the folded shape is a rectangular dielectric plate, and the structure can improve the front-to-back ratio of the receiving antenna. In this embodiment, the side length of the square dielectric plate is 103mm, and the width of the rectangular dielectric plate is 10 mm.
The upper surface of the floor is provided with a metal wall and radiating bodies, the radiating bodies 6 are two pairs of bow-tie type oscillators which are orthogonally and symmetrically arranged, dual polarization is realized, the intersection points are the central points of the floor, and the tail ends of the bow-tie type oscillators are folded downwards to expand wave beams. Each pair of bow-tie oscillators is composed of two bow-tie metal copper sheets and is respectively connected with the inner core and the outer conductor of the feed coaxial line 2 and the feed coaxial line 3. One pair of bow-tie oscillators is arranged on one diagonal line of the floor, and the other pair of bow-tie oscillators is arranged on the other diagonal line of the floor. The two pairs of symmetrical oscillators are respectively used as radiators in vertical polarization and horizontal polarization directions for radiation, and two sides of the oscillators are folded downwards to 90 degrees so as to realize the miniaturization of the structure and the expansion of the beam width.
The feed coaxial line 2 and the feed coaxial line 3 are identical, the length is about a quarter wavelength of the central frequency of the working frequency band, the upper ends of the feed coaxial line and the feed coaxial line are connected with the radiating body, and the lower ends of the feed coaxial line and the feed coaxial line are connected with the input port of the rectifying circuit 7 to play a role of feeding.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the two groups of metal walls are horizontally arranged, specifically and symmetrically arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the radiator; two groups of vertical symmetries are arranged on the left side and the right side of the radiator. Each group of metal walls comprises a first metal wall 4 and a second metal wall 5, and the two metal walls are cuboids and are realized by coating copper on the periphery of a dielectric plate. The metal wall and the bow-tie type oscillator generate coupling to realize double broadening of bandwidth and wave beams. In this embodiment, the first metal wall and the second metal wall are arranged in parallel, the first metal wall is close to the vibrator, the two metal walls are spaced at a certain distance, and the size of the first metal wall is smaller than that of the second metal wall. The first metal wall 4 has a length of 15mm and a width of 12mm, and the second metal wall 5 has a length of 35mm and a width of 22.7 mm.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the rectification circuit 7 is printed on the lower surface of the floor 1, and two input ports are respectively connected with the lower ends of the feeding coaxial lines 2 and the inner cores of the feeding coaxial lines 3. The rectifying circuit is a double-input rectifying circuit with a wide bandwidth and a wide power range, is printed on the other surface of the floor and comprises a six-port network based on a Lange coupler, the six-port network based on the Lange coupler is respectively connected with input ends of a first rectifying path and a second rectifying path, and two output ends of the first rectifying path and the second rectifying path are connected with two ends of a load.
The Lange coupler-based six-port network I is formed by connecting a first Lange coupler 12, a second Lange coupler 13 and a third Lange coupler 14 end to end, and they are identical. In this embodiment, the lengths of the three Lange couplers are all 17.4mm, the coupling line widths are all 0.53mm, and the coupling gap widths are all 0.1 mm.
The first rectification path is formed by connecting a first sub-rectification branch and a second sub-rectification branch in parallel, and the second rectification path is formed by connecting a third sub-rectification branch and a fourth sub-rectification branch in parallel.
The second sub-rectification branch III is completely the same as the first sub-rectification branch II, and the output ends of the first sub-rectification branch II and the second sub-rectification branch III are connected in parallel to form a first rectification path.
The first sub-rectifying branch II comprises a section of parallel short-circuit low-impedance microstrip line 15, a section of series high-impedance microstrip line 16, a blocking capacitor 17, two rectifying diodes 18 and 19 and a filter capacitor 20, wherein the rectifying diodes 18 and 19 are completely the same and connected in a voltage doubling mode, and the anode of the rectifying diode 19 is grounded. In this embodiment, the length of the short-circuit impedance microstrip line is 18.5mm, the width thereof is 8.37mm, the length of the high-impedance microstrip line is 6.5mm, the width thereof is 0.1mm, the capacitance of the dc blocking capacitor 17 is 6.8pF, the rectifier diodes 18 and 19 both adopt HSMS2852, and the capacitance of the filter capacitor 20 is 68 pF.
The second sub-rectification branch III comprises a section of parallel short-circuit low-impedance microstrip line 21, a section of series high-impedance microstrip line 22, a blocking capacitor 23, a rectifier diode 25, a rectifier diode 24 and a filter capacitor 26.
The third sub-rectification circuit IV is different from the first sub-rectification branch II in that the connection directions of the rectification diodes are opposite, and the rest are all the same.
And a fourth sub-rectification branch V of the rectification circuit 7 is completely the same as the third sub-rectification branch IV, and the output ends of the third sub-rectification branch IV and the fourth sub-rectification branch V are connected in parallel to form a second rectification path.
The third sub-rectifying branch IV includes a section of parallel short-circuit low-impedance microstrip line 27, a section of series high-impedance microstrip line 28, a blocking capacitor 29, a rectifying diode 30, a rectifying diode 31 and a filter capacitor 32.
The fourth sub-rectification branch V includes a section of parallel short-circuit low-impedance microstrip line 33, a section of series high-impedance microstrip line 34, a blocking capacitor 35, a rectifying diode 36, a rectifying diode 37 and a filter capacitor 38.
Two ends of a load resistor VI of the rectifying circuit 7 are respectively connected to two output ends of the first rectifying path and the second rectifying path, and in this embodiment, a resistance value of the load resistor VI is 4.8k Ω.
Fig. 1 shows a structure of a full-polarization rectenna with a wide bandwidth power range in this embodiment, which is only an example of the present invention, the working frequency band designed in this example is 1.7GHz-2.5GHz, and covers 3G, 4G and WiFi frequency bands, so that wireless radio frequency energy collection for the surrounding environment can be achieved.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a test system of an embodiment of the present invention. The system comprises a radio frequency signal source of a transmitting end, a power amplifier and a linear polarization transmitting horn antenna which are powered by a direct-current voltage source, a rectifying antenna of a receiving end and a voltmeter for testing output voltage. The transmission distance is 3m, the far field distance of the transmitting antenna is met in a designed frequency band, the rectifying antenna is rotated at two angles during testing, phi and theta are respectively used for verifying the wide beam characteristic and the polarization receiving insensitivity characteristic of the rectifying antenna.
FIG. 6 shows that the concentration of the additive is 1uW/cm2、10uW/cm2、50uW/cm2Test rectification efficiency at power density. The numbers on the ordinate of the diagram indicate the rectification efficiency in%, and the abscissa indicates the frequency in GHz. The test result shows that the efficiency is relatively flat within the working frequency band of 1.7GHz-2.5GHz and the low power density is 1uW/cm2And the rectification efficiency can still reach 24 percent at most. The test results demonstrate the feasibility and correctness of the design theory of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows the present invention at an operating frequency of 2.4GHz and a power density of 10uW/cm2Under the condition (1), the fluctuation condition of the rectification efficiency along with the rotation angle phi is tested. In the figure, the ordinate indicates the rectification efficiency in%, and the abscissa indicates the rotation angle phi in deg. The test result shows that when the rotating angle phi is changed from-30 deg to 30deg, the fluctuation range of the rectification efficiency is kept within 2 percent and is relatively stable. The test results demonstrate the broad beam characteristics of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows the present invention at an operating frequency of 2.4GHz and a power density of 10uW/cm2Under the condition (1), the fluctuation condition of the rectification efficiency along with the rotation angle theta is tested. The numbers on the ordinate of the diagram indicate the rectification efficiency in% and the abscissa indicates the rotation angle theta in deg. The test result shows that when the rotation angle theta is changed from-90 deg to 90deg, the fluctuation range of the rectification efficiency is kept within 6 percent and is relatively stable. The test results demonstrate the fully polarized reception characteristics of the present invention.
In summary, the present invention provides a full-polarization rectenna with wide bandwidth power range, which can not only improve circuit matching performance and improve circuit efficiency within wide bandwidth power range, but also realize the conversion from unbalanced power to balanced power, and after being combined with a dual-polarization receiving antenna, can maintain stable rectenna efficiency under different incident polarization rotation angles; in addition, by adopting the design of the wide-beam receiving antenna, the radio frequency energy can be more effectively received in a wider range, and the microwave wireless energy collecting device is suitable for microwave wireless energy collection.
Example 2
An energy transmission system comprising the fully-polarized rectenna of embodiment 1, the fully-polarized rectenna comprising a receiving antenna and a rectifying circuit;
the receiving antenna is a broadband wide-beam dual-polarized antenna and comprises a floor and a feed coaxial line, wherein a metal wall and a radiating body are arranged on one surface of the floor, the metal wall is arranged around the radiating body, and the feed coaxial line is respectively connected with the radiating body and an input port of the rectifying circuit;
the rectifying circuit is a double-input rectifying circuit with a wide bandwidth and a wide power range, is printed on the other surface of the floor and comprises a six-port network based on a Lange coupler, the six-port network based on the Lange coupler is respectively connected with input ends of a first rectifying path and a second rectifying path, and two output ends of the first rectifying path and the second rectifying path are connected with two ends of a load.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A full-polarization rectenna with wide bandwidth power range comprises a receiving antenna and a rectifying circuit;
the receiving antenna is a broadband wide-beam dual-polarized antenna and comprises a floor and a feed coaxial line, wherein a metal wall and a radiating body are arranged on one surface of the floor, the metal wall is arranged around the radiating body, and the feed coaxial line is respectively connected with the radiating body and an input port of the rectifying circuit;
the rectifying circuit is a double-input rectifying circuit with a wide bandwidth and a wide power range, is printed on the other surface of the floor and comprises a six-port network based on a Lange coupler, the six-port network based on the Lange coupler is respectively connected with input ends of a first rectifying path and a second rectifying path, and two output ends of the first rectifying path and the second rectifying path are connected with two ends of a load.
2. The fully polarized rectenna of claim 1, wherein the radiator comprises two pairs of orthogonally disposed bowtie elements, the intersection being the center point of the floor, the ends of the bowtie elements being folded downward.
3. The fully polarized rectenna of claim 1, wherein the metal walls comprise four sets symmetrically disposed around the radiator, each set comprising a first metal wall and a second metal wall disposed parallel to each other, the first metal wall being adjacent to the radiator.
4. The fully polarized rectenna of claim 3, wherein the metal walls are rectangular, and wherein the length and width of the first metal wall is less than the length and width of the second metal wall.
5. The fully-polarized rectenna of claim 1, wherein the Lange coupler-based six-port network comprises first, second, and third Lange couplers connected end-to-end.
6. The fully-polarized rectenna of claim 1 wherein the first rectenna is formed by a first sub-rectenna and a second sub-rectenna in parallel and the second rectenna is formed by a third sub-rectenna and a fourth sub-rectenna in parallel.
7. The full-polarization rectenna of claim 6, wherein the first and second rectifying sub-branches are identical and are each composed of a parallel short-circuit low-impedance microstrip line, a series high-impedance microstrip line, a dc blocking capacitor, two voltage-doubling rectifying diodes, and a parallel filter capacitor.
8. The full-polarization rectenna of claim 7, wherein the third and fourth rectifying sub-branches are identical and are each composed of a parallel short-circuit low-impedance microstrip line, a series high-impedance microstrip line, a dc blocking capacitor, two voltage-doubling rectifying diodes and a parallel filter capacitor, and the connecting direction of the rectifying diodes is different from that of the first rectifying branch.
9. The full-polarization rectenna of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the floor is a square single-sided copper-clad dielectric board with four sides convenient for installation.
10. An energy transfer system comprising a fully polarized rectenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202110779393.0A CN113690612B (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2021-07-09 | Full-polarization rectifying antenna with wide bandwidth power range and energy transmission system |
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| CN202110779393.0A CN113690612B (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2021-07-09 | Full-polarization rectifying antenna with wide bandwidth power range and energy transmission system |
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| CN115458923A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Low-profile high-gain broadband dual-polarized antenna structure |
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| CN115458923A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Low-profile high-gain broadband dual-polarized antenna structure |
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