CN113687017A - Fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition product component testing method - Google Patents

Fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition product component testing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113687017A
CN113687017A CN202010418038.6A CN202010418038A CN113687017A CN 113687017 A CN113687017 A CN 113687017A CN 202010418038 A CN202010418038 A CN 202010418038A CN 113687017 A CN113687017 A CN 113687017A
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China
Prior art keywords
sampling
fire
fire extinguishing
testing
decomposition product
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Pending
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CN202010418038.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李姝�
陈培瑶
庄爽
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Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MEM
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Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MEM
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Priority to CN202010418038.6A priority Critical patent/CN113687017A/en
Publication of CN113687017A publication Critical patent/CN113687017A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/24—Suction devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/26—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state with provision for intake from several spaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition product composition testing method, which comprises the following steps: performing decomposition product component test and animal toxicity test; comparing and analyzing the component test result and the animal toxicity result; the component test of the decomposition product specifically comprises the following steps: sampling: extracting gas samples at different sampling positions in the closed space by using a vacuum gas sampling instrument through a pre-laid pipeline; testing; the animal toxicity test specifically comprises the following steps: and a contamination box is placed at the sampling position and comprises a heat insulation material bracket, a mouse rotating cage and an infrared sensor, and the infrared sensor can monitor the motion condition of a mouse in the mouse rotating cage in real time. In the application, the animal toxicity test can be carried out while the component test of the decomposition product is carried out by sampling, then the component test result and the animal toxicity result are compared and analyzed, and the quality requirement which the component of the fire decomposition product should meet is obtained by judging the animal toxicity.

Description

Fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition product component testing method
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agent detection, in particular to a method for testing components of fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition products.
Background
The fluorine-containing fire extinguishing agent can generate a cracking reaction to generate toxic and harmful substances under the action of flame or heat radiation in the fire extinguishing process. Especially hydrofluoric acid, perfluoroisobutylene, etc. can cause strong toxic action to human respiratory tract, esophagus, skeleton, eye, trachea, lung, etc. Therefore, the toxicity test of the fire decomposition products of the fluorine-containing fire extinguishing agent is very necessary. However, the toxic reaction of animals is difficult to observe at any time in the fire extinguishing experiment process in the large-space solid fire, so that the toxic reaction of the animals cannot be observed at any time in the fire extinguishing experiment process, and the pain of small animals can be caused by multiple experiments; in a large-space entity fire model, the cracking temperatures and the concentrations of the fire extinguishing agents at different positions are different, the retention time of the fire extinguishing agents in a high-temperature cracking area is different, and the toxicity influence caused in the fire is also different, so that the actual toxicity generated can not be accurately inspected.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for testing components of fire decomposition products of a fire extinguishing agent, which can sample to test the components of the decomposition products and simultaneously carry out animal toxicity tests, then carry out comparative analysis on the component test results and animal toxicity results, and obtain the quality requirements which should be met by the components of the fire decomposition products through judgment on the animal toxicity.
The application provides a fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition product composition testing method, which comprises the following steps:
performing decomposition product component test and animal toxicity test;
and comparing the component test result with the animal toxicity result for analysis.
Further, the component test of the decomposition product specifically comprises the following steps:
sampling: extracting gas samples at different sampling positions in the closed space by using a vacuum gas sampling instrument through a pre-laid pipeline;
and (6) testing.
Further, the animal toxicity test specifically comprises: and a contamination box is placed at the sampling position and comprises a heat insulation material bracket, a mouse rotating cage and an infrared sensor, and the infrared sensor can monitor the motion condition of a mouse in the mouse rotating cage in real time.
Furthermore, the sampling position is vertically provided with three sampling points at a position horizontally separated from the fire model by one meter, wherein the first sampling point is separated from the roof by one meter, the second sampling point is separated from the ground by one meter, and the third sampling point is positioned at the center of the first two sampling points.
Further, the testing specifically comprises the steps of arranging a temperature measuring instrument at a preset sampling position to carry out temperature testing at the sampling position; and (3) directly introducing the obtained gas sample into a hydrofluoric acid testing device and a gas chromatograph for component testing.
Further, the sampling time is the whole process of fire extinguishing, namely the sampling process starts from the spraying of the fire extinguishing agent until the flame is extinguished.
Further, the comparing and analyzing the component test result and the animal toxicity result specifically comprises: determining the minimum requirement to be met by the toxicity test of the fire extinguishing agent according to the animal toxicity reaction phenomenon, and correspondingly determining the corresponding component test result when the toxicity requirement is met, thereby determining the minimum requirement of the components of the fire extinguishing agent for ensuring the qualified toxicity
In the embodiment of the application, by adopting the technical scheme, the rotating cage filled with the small animals is placed at the sampling position of the fire extinguishing space while the component analysis is carried out, namely, the component test of the decomposition products is carried out while the sampling is carried out in the fire extinguishing experiment process, the animal toxicity experiment is carried out simultaneously, then the component test result and the animal toxicity result are compared and analyzed, and the quality requirement which the components of the decomposition products of the fire disaster should meet is obtained by judging the animal toxicity. In the subsequent batch detection of the fluorine-containing fire extinguishing agent, toxicity judgment can be scientifically and accurately carried out only by carrying out component test on a fire decomposition product without using animals for animal toxicity experiments, so that the problem that animal toxicity reaction cannot be observed at any time when animal toxicity experiments are carried out in an entity fire model is solved, and the pain of small animals receiving the toxicity experiments is avoided; the sampling time is specified to start to spray the fire extinguishing agent until the flame is extinguished, namely the sampling time is equal to the fire extinguishing time, so that the actual toxicity of the fire extinguishing agent with different fire extinguishing time on a fire scene can be more scientifically inspected; the representative upper, middle and lower positions are selected as sampling positions, and a thermocouple is arranged at each sampling position for temperature testing, so that the toxicity condition of the whole fire extinguishing space can be reflected more comprehensively and more intuitively.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the specific embodiments of the present application. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.
The embodiment provides a method for testing components of fire decomposition products of a fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out component test on the decomposition product and animal toxicity test
The component test of the decomposition product specifically comprises the following steps:
sampling:
when the experiment of fire extinguishing of the large-space entity containing the fluorine extinguishing agent is carried out, gas samples at different sampling positions in the closed space are extracted through a pre-laid pipeline by using a vacuum gas sampling instrument.
The sampling time is the whole process of fire extinguishing, namely the sampling process starts from the spraying of the fire extinguishing agent until the flame is extinguished.
Sampling position: at the position of horizontal distance one meter from the fire model, be provided with three sampling point perpendicularly, wherein first sampling point is apart from the roof one meter, and the second sampling point is apart from ground one meter, and the third is located the central point of two preceding sampling points and puts.
And (3) testing:
because the thermal cracking temperature can directly influence the amount of toxic substances generated by the pyrolysis of the fluorine-containing fire extinguishing agent, a temperature measuring instrument is arranged at a preset sampling position to test the temperature of the sampling position.
And (3) directly introducing the obtained gas sample into a hydrofluoric acid testing device and a gas chromatograph for component testing.
The animal toxicity test specifically comprises:
and a contamination box is placed at the sampling position and comprises a heat insulation material bracket, a mouse rotating cage and an infrared sensor, and the infrared sensor can monitor the motion condition of a mouse in the mouse rotating cage in real time.
S2, comparing the component test result with the animal toxicity result for analysis
The minimum requirement to be met by the toxicity test of the fire extinguishing agent is determined according to the animal toxicity reaction phenomenon, and the corresponding component test result when the toxicity requirement is met is correspondingly determined, so that the minimum requirement of the component of the fire extinguishing agent for ensuring qualified toxicity is determined.
Temperature/. degree.C Hydrofluoric acid content/ppm Acute toxicity (number of mice died/one)
400 0 0
450 12 0
500 55 0
550 1744 0
600 19534 10
650 23023 10
700 26627 10
TABLE 1 hydrofluoric acid content and toxicity test results at different temperatures
As can be seen from Table 1, the hydrofluoric acid content must be 1744ppm or less to ensure acceptable toxicity.
Another embodiment provides a detection system, which comprises a test room simulating a fire scene, a smoke collecting device, a fire extinguishing device, a toxicant exposure box, a data acquisition device and a video recording device.
The frame of the test room is made of steel structure, the periphery of the test room is provided with color steel plates, the cross section of the test room is square, four corners of the upper, middle and lower cross sections of the test room are respectively welded with a horizontal platform, and the test room is provided with perfect ventilation and smoke exhaust facilities
The flue gas collecting device comprises a horn-shaped sampling port, a universal shaping pipe, an oil-free air pump and a conveying pipeline. The sampling mouth is connected to universal design pipe one end, and the other end passes through pipeline then through the nut that inlays in the wall body and be connected with outside pipeline, and the sampling mouth position can be adjusted in the position of control universal design pipe.
The fire extinguishing device comprises a fire extinguishing agent storage tank, a conveying pipeline, a spray head and a control system, wherein the spray head is positioned at the center of the roof, and the rest parts of the spray head are fixed outside a room.
The contamination box comprises a heat insulation material bracket, a mouse rotating cage and an infrared sensor, and the infrared sensor can monitor the movement condition of the mouse in real time.
The data acquisition device comprises thermocouples, a hydrogen fluoride concentration meter, an oxygen concentration meter and corresponding collectors, wherein the thermocouples are arranged above the combustion objects and on the upper wall of the sampling port.
The video recording device comprises cameras and a video recorder, wherein the cameras are installed on the roof and the floor and connected with the video recorder through a wire, and the video recorder is placed outside a room.
In the embodiment of the application, by adopting the technical scheme, the rotating cage filled with the small animals is placed at the sampling position of the fire extinguishing space while the component analysis is carried out, namely, the component test of the decomposition products is carried out while the sampling is carried out in the fire extinguishing experiment process, the animal toxicity experiment is carried out simultaneously, then the component test result and the animal toxicity result are compared and analyzed, and the quality requirement which the components of the decomposition products of the fire disaster should meet is obtained by judging the animal toxicity. In the subsequent batch detection of the fluorine-containing fire extinguishing agent, toxicity judgment can be scientifically and accurately carried out only by carrying out component test on a fire decomposition product without using animals for animal toxicity experiments, so that the problem that animal toxicity reaction cannot be observed at any time when animal toxicity experiments are carried out in an entity fire model is solved, and the pain of small animals receiving the toxicity experiments is avoided; the sampling time is specified to start to spray the fire extinguishing agent until the flame is extinguished, namely the sampling time is equal to the fire extinguishing time, so that the actual toxicity of the fire extinguishing agent with different fire extinguishing time on a fire scene can be more scientifically inspected; the representative upper, middle and lower positions are selected as sampling positions, and a thermocouple is arranged at each sampling position for temperature testing, so that the toxicity condition of the whole fire extinguishing space can be reflected more comprehensively and more intuitively.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. A fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition product component testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing decomposition product component test and animal toxicity test;
and comparing the component test result with the animal toxicity result for analysis.
2. The fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition product composition testing method as recited in claim 1, wherein the decomposition product composition testing specifically includes:
sampling: extracting gas samples at different sampling positions in the closed space by using a vacuum gas sampling instrument through a pre-laid pipeline;
and (6) testing.
3. The method for testing the composition of fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition products according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the animal toxicity test is specifically: and a contamination box is placed at the sampling position and comprises a heat insulation material bracket, a mouse rotating cage and an infrared sensor, and the infrared sensor can monitor the motion condition of a mouse in the mouse rotating cage in real time.
4. The fire suppressant fire decomposition product composition testing method of claim 2, wherein said sampling position is vertically provided with three sampling points at a position horizontally spaced one meter from the fire model, wherein a first sampling point is spaced one meter from the roof, a second sampling point is spaced one meter from the ground, and a third sampling point is located at the center of the first two sampling points.
5. The method for testing the components of the fire extinguishing agent and the fire decomposition products according to claim 2, wherein the testing is specifically that a temperature measuring instrument is arranged at a preset sampling position to carry out temperature testing at the sampling position; and (3) directly introducing the obtained gas sample into a hydrofluoric acid testing device and a gas chromatograph for component testing.
6. The method for testing fire decomposition product components of fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, wherein the sampling time is the whole process of fire extinguishing, i.e., the sampling process is from the start of spraying the fire extinguishing agent until the flame is extinguished.
7. The method for testing the components of the fire extinguishing agent and the fire decomposition product according to claim 1, wherein the comparative analysis of the component test results and the animal toxicity results specifically comprises the following steps: the minimum requirement to be met by the toxicity test of the fire extinguishing agent is determined according to the animal toxicity reaction phenomenon, and the corresponding component test result when the toxicity requirement is met is correspondingly determined, so that the minimum requirement of the component of the fire extinguishing agent for ensuring qualified toxicity is determined.
CN202010418038.6A 2020-05-18 2020-05-18 Fire extinguishing agent fire decomposition product component testing method Pending CN113687017A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202649196U (en) * 2012-06-14 2013-01-02 公安部天津消防研究所 Hexafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent toxicity detecting device
KR101403913B1 (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-06-09 인천대학교 산학협력단 Apparatus for performance test of extinguishment

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202649196U (en) * 2012-06-14 2013-01-02 公安部天津消防研究所 Hexafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent toxicity detecting device
KR101403913B1 (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-06-09 인천대학교 산학협력단 Apparatus for performance test of extinguishment

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
马进涛: "用飞机新型灭火剂试验方法研究", 《民用飞机设计与研究》, pages 155 - 158 *

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Application publication date: 20211123