CN113686778A - Friction meter, friction monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Friction meter, friction monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686778A CN113686778A CN202110974149.XA CN202110974149A CN113686778A CN 113686778 A CN113686778 A CN 113686778A CN 202110974149 A CN202110974149 A CN 202110974149A CN 113686778 A CN113686778 A CN 113686778A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种摩擦力计、摩擦力监测系统及监测方法，摩擦力计包括接触层、紧固层、填封层、连接块、固定板、外壳、底座及应力传感器；接触层呈板状，紧固层围设于接触层的四周及底部并与接触层紧固连接，接触层的上表面暴露于外侧，填封层围设于紧固层的四周；固定板位于紧固层的下方，连接块连接紧固层与固定板；外壳套设于填封层的外侧，并向下延伸至连接块及固定板所在的区域，底座呈板状安装于固定板底部，其上表面与外壳的底面相固定连接；应力传感器安装于连接块上，应力传感器包括由应变片、固定电阻及连接线构成的电桥电路，应变片粘贴于连接块上。本申请摩擦力计结构紧凑，通过力的传导及应变片受力阻值改变有效的测定摩擦力。
The invention relates to a friction force meter, a friction force monitoring system and a monitoring method. The friction force meter includes a contact layer, a fastening layer, a sealing layer, a connecting block, a fixing plate, a casing, a base and a stress sensor; the contact layer is in the shape of a plate , the fastening layer is arranged around and at the bottom of the contact layer and is tightly connected with the contact layer, the upper surface of the contact layer is exposed to the outside, and the sealing layer is surrounded by the fastening layer; the fixing plate is located below the fastening layer , the connecting block connects the fastening layer and the fixing plate; the outer casing is sleeved on the outer side of the sealing layer and extends downward to the area where the connecting block and the fixing plate are located, the base is installed in the bottom of the fixing plate in a plate shape, and its upper surface is connected to the outer casing. The bottom surface is fixedly connected; the stress sensor is installed on the connection block, the stress sensor includes a bridge circuit composed of a strain gauge, a fixed resistor and a connecting wire, and the strain gauge is pasted on the connection block. The friction force meter of the present application has a compact structure, and can effectively measure the friction force through the transmission of force and the change of the force resistance value of the strain gauge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction force monitoring, in particular to a friction force meter, a friction force monitoring system and a friction force monitoring method.
Background
The open caisson is a cylindrical structure of the well, which is a foundation of bridge abutment or other structures by digging soil in the well, overcoming the frictional resistance of the well wall by the self gravity, sinking to the designed elevation, sealing the bottom by concrete and filling the well hole. The device is generally used for constructing a retaining device in foundation pits of large-scale piers, sewage pump stations, large-scale equipment foundations, civil air defense shelters, shield assembly wells, underground driveways and station hydraulic foundations.
However, in the sinking process of the open caisson, the external load is unknown, especially the friction force between the wall of the open caisson and the soil layer contacted with the open caisson is unknown, so that the open caisson sinks too fast or cannot sink to form suspension, and the soil around the open caisson is damaged and collapsed seriously.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a friction force meter, a friction force monitoring system and a monitoring method for monitoring the friction force applied during the sinking process of the open caisson in real time to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a friction meter, a friction monitoring system and a monitoring method, which are used for monitoring real-time friction force applied to a structure in a moving process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a friction force meter which comprises a contact layer, a fastening layer, a filling layer, a connecting block, a fixing plate, a shell, a base and a stress sensor, wherein the contact layer is arranged on the base;
the contact layer is plate-shaped, the fastening layers are arranged around and at the bottom of the contact layer in a surrounding mode and are fastened and connected with the contact layer, the upper surface of the contact layer is exposed to the outside, and the filling and sealing layers are arranged around the fastening layers in a surrounding mode;
the fixing plate is positioned below the fastening layer, and the connecting block is connected with the fastening layer and the fixing plate;
the outer shell is sleeved outside the filling layer and extends downwards to the area where the connecting block and the fixing plate are located, the base is installed at the bottom of the fixing plate in a plate shape, and the upper surface of the base is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the outer shell;
the stress sensor is arranged on the connecting block and comprises a bridge circuit consisting of a strain gauge, a fixed resistor and a connecting wire, and the strain gauge is adhered to the connecting block.
Further, the contact layer is a cement board or a concrete board, the fastening layer is a steel board, the upper surface of the fastening layer is roughened, and the fastening layer is fastened and connected with the contact layer through rivets.
Further, the filling and sealing layer is made of flexible waterproof materials.
Furthermore, four stress sensors are arranged on the friction force meter, and are distributed below the fastening layer and close to four corners of the fastening layer.
Further, the friction force meter also comprises a cable, wherein the cable is connected with the bridge circuit to input an input voltage E, the friction force acts on the surface of the contact layer and is transmitted to the fastening layer, the fastening layer transmits the friction force to the connecting block and causes the connecting block to deform slightly, so that the strain foil stuck on the connecting block deforms, the resistance R of the strain foil changes, and the cable outputs an output voltage E after receiving the friction force.
The invention provides a friction force monitoring system, which is used for monitoring the friction force of the side wall of an open caisson and comprises a friction force meter, a collector, a cloud management platform and a client;
the friction force meter has the characteristics;
the collector is arranged near the open caisson construction, is connected with the friction force meter through a cable, and is used for supplying power to the friction force meter and transmitting the input voltage E and the output voltage E to the cloud management platform through a wireless network;
and the client accesses the cloud management platform through the wireless network to read data.
Further, the friction force meter is vertically arranged in the open caisson, and the exposed surface of the contact layer of the friction force meter is flush with the outer side wall surface of the open caisson.
Further, a plurality of friction force meters are arranged in the open caisson.
Further, the open caisson sinks or is pulled upwards, and the exposed surface of the contact layer of the friction force meter and the soil body surface outside the open caisson generate friction.
The invention provides a monitoring method of a friction force monitoring system, which comprises the following steps:
1) on the open caisson construction site, vertically embedding the friction force meter in advance before the open caisson structure is poured, and enabling the exposed surface of the contact layer of the friction force meter to be flush with the outer side wall surface of the open caisson;
2) installing a collector on the open caisson construction site, connecting the collector with a friction force meter through a cable, and inputting an input voltage E to a bridge circuit in a stress sensor by the collector;
3) the open caisson sinks or is pulled upwards, the exposed surface of the contact layer of the friction force meter rubs the surface of the soil body outside the open caisson, the friction force acts on the surface of the contact layer and is transmitted to the fastening layer, the fastening layer transmits the friction force to the connecting block and causes the connecting block to deform in a micro mode, the strain gauge adhered to the connecting block deforms, the resistance R of the strain gauge changes, and the cable outputs the output voltage e subjected to the friction force to the collector;
4) the collector transmits the input voltage E and the output voltage E to a cloud management platform in real time through a wireless network;
5) the cloud management platform receives the input voltage E and the output voltage E uploaded by the collector, and calculates the stress sigma through the following relational expression:
the strain gauge converts strain into change of resistance, and the relation is as follows:
r is the resistance value of the strain gauge, Delta R is the resistance value change caused by deformation, K is a fixed proportionality constant and is called strain rate, and epsilon is strain;
then according to the formula:
to obtain strain
Obtaining stress according to the relation of strain and stress
Wherein EBulletIs constant, called the modulus of elasticity;
the cloud management platform (300) respectively calculates the stress sigma monitored by four stress sensors (8) in the friction meter (100)1、σ2、σ3、σ4The areas of the four connecting blocks (4) in contact with the fastening layer (2) are respectively marked as S1、S2、S3、S4If the friction force received by the friction force meter (100) is FMassage device＝σ1S1+σ2S2+σ3S3+σ4S4；
6) The client accesses the cloud management platform through a wireless network to read the real-time friction force F suffered by the open caisson in the sinking or pulling processMassage device。
The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) this application frictional force meter passes through contact layer, fastening layer, fills up sealing layer, connecting block, fixed plate, shell, base and stress sensor and constitutes, and compact structure causes the resistance value to change through the conduction of power and foil gage deformation and measures frictional force indirectly.
2) The contact layer of the friction force meter can be made of the same material as the monitoring structure, so that the monitoring result is more reliable.
3) The friction force monitoring system can effectively monitor the data value in real time and upload the data value to the cloud management platform, so that the client can remotely check the data value, and the system is more intelligent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a friction monitoring system of the present invention in a field application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the friction force meter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the friction gauge of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the distribution of stress sensors within the friction meter of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bridge circuit within the stress sensor in the friction meter of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structural deformation of the friction force meter of the present invention after being subjected to a frictional force;
in the figure: 100. a friction force meter; 1. a contact layer; 2. a fastening layer; 3. filling and sealing the layer; 4. connecting blocks; 5. a fixing plate; 6. a housing; 7. a base; 8. a stress sensor; 81. a strain gauge; 82. fixing a resistor; 83. a connecting wire; 9. a cable; 200. a collector; 300. a cloud management platform; 400. and (4) a client.
Detailed Description
The open caisson is a cylindrical structure of the well, which is a foundation of bridge abutment or other structures by digging soil in the well, overcoming the frictional resistance of the well wall by the self gravity, sinking to the designed elevation, sealing the bottom by concrete and filling the well hole. The device is generally used for constructing a retaining device in foundation pits of large-scale piers, sewage pump stations, large-scale equipment foundations, civil air defense shelters, shield assembly wells, underground driveways and station hydraulic foundations.
In order to measure the friction force between the wall of the open caisson and the soil surface outside the open caisson in the process of sinking the open caisson, the following description will be made with reference to fig. 1 to 6. Taking fig. 2 as an example, the position of the contact layer 1 is taken as the upper side, and the position of the base 7 is taken as the lower side, so as to form a vertical direction and a horizontal direction perpendicular to the vertical direction, which are set for convenience of description of the embodiment and should not cause any influence on the essence of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, a friction monitoring system for monitoring friction of a sidewall of an open caisson includes a friction meter 100, a collector 200, a cloud management platform 300, and a client 400.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, the friction force meter 100 includes a contact layer 1, a fastening layer 2, a sealing layer 3, a connecting block 4, a fixing plate 5, a housing 6, a base 7, a stress sensor 8, and a cable 9.
The contact layer 1 is plate-shaped and located at the uppermost side of the entire frictional force meter 100. The contact layer 1 is a cement board or a concrete board, so that the friction coefficient of the contact layer 1 and the open caisson structure (concrete) is similar or identical, and the friction force measured by the subsequent friction force meter 100 is closer to the friction force actually generated in the open caisson sinking process.
The fastening layer 2 is arranged around the contact layer 1 and at the bottom, and the upper surface of the contact layer 1 is exposed to the outside. The fastening layer 2 is a steel plate, the upper surface of the fastening layer 2 is roughened, and the fastening layer is fastened and connected with the contact layer 1 through rivets, so that the bonding strength between the contact layer 1 and the fastening layer 2 is high, the contact layer 1 and the fastening layer form a whole, the horizontal shear strength between the contact layer 1 and the fastening layer is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the contact layer 1 is prevented from being sheared/pulled to be damaged due to overlarge friction force.
The filling layer 3 is arranged around the fastening layer 2. The filling and sealing layer 3 is made of flexible waterproof materials, for example, a water-stopping rubber pad, so that soil, slurry and water can be prevented from entering the interior of the friction force meter 100, the filling and sealing layer 3 can play a buffering role after the contact layer 1 and the fastening sink 2 are subjected to the action of friction force, and the flexible filling and sealing layer 3 is not stressed and does not influence the conduction of the friction force.
The fixing plate 5 is made of rigid material and is located below the fastening layer 2. The connecting block 4 is made of rigid materials and is connected with the fastening layer 2 and the fixing plate 5;
the housing 6 is made of rigid material, is sleeved on the outer side of the packing layer 3, and extends downwards to the area where the connecting block 4 and the fixing plate 5 are located.
The base 7 is made of rigid material and is installed at the bottom of the fixing plate 5 in a plate shape, and the upper surface of the base 7 is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the shell 6.
The stress sensor 8 is mounted on the connection block 4, the stress sensor 8 includes a bridge circuit including a strain gauge 81, a fixed resistor 82, and a connection line 83, and the strain gauge 81 is attached to the connection block 4. In this application, four stress sensors 8 are installed in the friction force meter 100, and are distributed below the fastening layer 2 and adjacent to four corners of the fastening layer 2. Of course, in other embodiments, the stress sensors 4 may be distributed in other ways.
The cable 9 is connected to the bridge circuit of the stress sensor 8.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6, the friction force meter 100 is vertically disposed in the caisson, and the exposed surface of the contact layer 1 of the friction force meter 100 is flush with the outer wall surface of the caisson. Multiple friction gauges 100 may be provided in the open caisson as required for actual monitoring.
The collector 200 is installed near open caisson construction and is connected with the friction force meter 100 through a cable 9 for supplying power to the friction force meter 100.
The cloud management platform 300 is configured to receive data uploaded by the collector 200 through a wireless network.
The client 400 accesses the cloud management platform 300 through the wireless network to read related data.
The collector 200 supplies power to the friction force meter 100, the cable 9 inputs input voltage E for a bridge circuit of the stress sensor 8, the open caisson sinks or pulls up, the exposed surface of the contact layer 1 of the friction force meter 100 rubs with the soil body surface outside the open caisson, friction force acts on the surface of the contact layer 1 and is transmitted to the fastening layer 2, the fastening layer 2 transmits the friction force to the connecting block 4 and causes the connecting block 4 to deform slightly, and further causes the strain foil 81 adhered to the connecting block 4 to deform, the resistance R of the strain foil 81 changes, and therefore the cable 9 outputs output voltage E subjected to the friction force to the collector 200. The collector 200 transmits the input voltage E and the output voltage E to the cloud management platform 300 through a wireless network.
The application also provides a monitoring method of the friction force monitoring system, which is implemented in sequence according to the following steps:
1) in the open caisson construction site, the friction force meter 100 is vertically embedded in advance before the open caisson structure is poured, and the exposed surface of the contact layer 1 of the friction force meter 100 is flush with the outer side wall surface of the open caisson;
2) installing a collector 200 on the open caisson construction site, connecting the collector 200 with the friction force meter 100 through a cable 9, and inputting an input voltage E to a bridge circuit in the stress sensor 8 by the collector 200;
3) when the open caisson is sunk or pulled up, the exposed surface of the contact layer 1 of the friction force meter 100 and the soil body surface outside the open caisson generate friction, the friction force acts on the surface of the contact layer 1 and is transmitted to the fastening layer 2, the fastening layer 2 transmits the friction force to the connecting block 4 to cause the connecting block 4 to generate micro-deformation, further the strain foil 81 pasted on the connecting block (4) is caused to generate deformation, the resistance R of the strain foil 81 is changed, and the cable 8 outputs the output voltage e subjected to the friction force to the collector 200;
4) the collector 200 transmits the input voltage E and the output voltage E to the cloud management platform 300 in real time through a wireless network;
5) the cloud management platform 300 receives the input voltage E and the output voltage E uploaded by the collector 200, and calculates the stress σ according to the following relation:
the strain gauge converts strain into change of resistance, and the relation is as follows:
r is the resistance value of the strain gauge, Delta R is the resistance value change caused by deformation, K is a fixed proportionality constant and is called strain rate, and epsilon is strain;
then according to the formula:
to obtain strain
Obtaining stress according to the relation of strain and stress
Wherein EBulletIs constant, called the modulus of elasticity;
the cloud management platform (300) respectively calculates the stress sigma monitored by four stress sensors (8) in the friction meter (100)1、σ2、σ3、σ4The areas of the four connecting blocks (4) in contact with the fastening layer (2) are respectively marked as S1、S2、S3、S4If the friction force received by the friction force meter (100) is FMassage device＝σ1S1+σ2S2+σ3S3+σ4S4；
6) The client 400 accesses the cloud management platform 300 through the wireless network to read the real-time friction force F suffered by the open caisson in the sinking or pulling processMassage device。
The friction force meter 100 and the friction force monitoring system are not limited to be used for monitoring the friction force between the wall of the open caisson and the surface of the soil body outside the open caisson, and can also be used in other structures to monitor the real-time friction force borne by the structures.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) this application friction force meter 100 constitutes through contact layer 1, fastening layer 2, packing layer 3, connecting block 4, fixed plate 5, shell 6, base 7 and stress sensor 8, and compact structure causes the resistance change to come indirect measurement friction force through the conduction of power and foil gage deformation.
2) The contact layer 1 of the friction force meter can be made of the same material as a monitoring structure, so that the monitoring result is more reliable.
3) The friction force monitoring system can effectively monitor the data value in real time and upload the data value to the cloud management platform 300, so that the client 400 can remotely check the data value, and the system is more intelligent.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A friction force meter (100) characterized by: the friction force meter (100) comprises a contact layer (1), a fastening layer (2), a sealing layer (3), a connecting block (4), a fixing plate (5), a shell (6), a base (7) and a stress sensor (8);
the contact layer (1) is plate-shaped, the fastening layer (2) is arranged around the contact layer (1) and at the bottom of the contact layer and is fastened and connected with the contact layer (1), the upper surface of the contact layer (1) is exposed to the outside, and the filling layer (3) is arranged around the fastening layer (2);
the fixing plate (5) is positioned below the fastening layer (2), and the connecting block (4) is connected with the fastening layer (2) and the fixing plate (5);
the outer shell (6) is sleeved on the outer side of the filling layer (3) and extends downwards to the area where the connecting block (4) and the fixing plate (5) are located, the base (7) is installed at the bottom of the fixing plate (5) in a plate shape, and the upper surface of the base is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the outer shell (6);
the stress sensor (8) is arranged on the connecting block (4), the stress sensor (8) comprises a bridge circuit consisting of a strain gauge (81), a fixed resistor (82) and a connecting wire (83), and the strain gauge (81) is adhered to the connecting block (4).
2. A friction force gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the contact layer (1) is a cement board or a concrete board, the fastening layer (2) is a steel plate, and the upper surface of the fastening layer (2) is roughened and is fastened and connected with the contact layer (1) through rivets.
3. A friction force gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the filling and sealing layer (3) is made of flexible waterproof materials.
4. A friction force gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the friction force meter (100) is provided with four stress sensors (8) which are distributed below the fastening layer (2) and are adjacent to four corners of the fastening layer (2).
5. A friction force gauge according to claim 1, wherein: the friction force meter (100) further comprises a cable (9), the cable (9) is connected with the bridge circuit to input an input voltage E, friction force acts on the surface of the contact layer (1) and is transmitted to the fastening layer (2), the fastening layer (2) transmits the friction force to the connecting block (4) and causes the connecting block (4) to deform slightly, and further causes the strain foil (81) pasted on the connecting block (4) to deform, the resistance R of the strain foil (81) changes, and the cable (9) outputs an output voltage E subjected to the friction force.
6. A friction force monitoring system, characterized by:
the friction force monitoring system is used for monitoring the friction force of the side wall of the open caisson, and comprises a friction force meter (100), a collector (200), a cloud management platform (300) and a client (400);
the tribometer (100) having the features of any one of claims 1 to 5;
the collector (200) is installed near open caisson construction, is connected with the friction force meter (100) through a cable (9), and is used for supplying power to the friction force meter (100) and transmitting input voltage E and output voltage E to the cloud management platform (300) through a wireless network;
the client (400) accesses the cloud management platform (300) through a wireless network to read data.
7. A friction force monitoring system as claimed in claim 6 wherein: the friction force meter (100) is vertically arranged in the open caisson, and the exposed surface of the contact layer (1) of the friction force meter (100) is flush with the outer side wall surface of the open caisson.
8. A friction force monitoring system as claimed in claim 7 wherein: the open caisson is internally provided with a plurality of friction force meters (100).
9. A friction force monitoring system as claimed in claim 7 wherein: when the open caisson is sunk or pulled up, the exposed surface of the contact layer (1) of the friction force meter (100) generates friction with the soil body surface outside the open caisson.
10. A monitoring method of a friction force monitoring system, wherein the friction force monitoring system is constituted by any one of the above claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) on the open caisson construction site, the friction force meter (100) is vertically embedded in advance before the open caisson structure is poured, and the exposed surface of the contact layer (1) of the friction force meter (100) is flush with the outer side wall surface of the open caisson;
2) installing a collector (200) on an open caisson construction site, connecting the collector (200) with a friction force meter (100) through a cable (9), and inputting an input voltage E to a bridge circuit in a stress sensor (8) by the collector (200);
3) the open caisson sinks or pulls up, the exposed surface of a contact layer (1) of a friction force meter (100) and the soil body surface outside the open caisson generate friction, the friction force acts on the surface of the contact layer (1) and is transmitted to a fastening layer (2), the fastening layer (2) transmits the friction force to a connecting block (4) and causes the connecting block (4) to generate micro-deformation, further causes a strain foil (81) adhered to the connecting block (4) to generate deformation, the resistance R of the strain foil (81) is changed, and a cable (8) outputs output voltage e subjected to the friction force to a collector (200);
4) the collector (200) transmits the input voltage E and the output voltage E to the cloud management platform (300) in real time through a wireless network;
5) the cloud management platform (300) receives the input voltage E and the output voltage E uploaded by the collector (200), and calculates the stress sigma according to the following relational expression:
the strain gauge converts strain into change of resistance, and the relation is as follows:
r is the resistance value of the strain gauge, Delta R is the resistance value change caused by deformation, K is a fixed proportionality constant and is called strain rate, and epsilon is strain;
then according to the formula:
to obtain strain
Obtaining stress according to the relation of strain and stress
Wherein EBulletIs constant, called the modulus of elasticity;
the cloud management platform (300) respectively calculates the stress sigma monitored by four stress sensors (8) in the friction meter (100)1、σ2、σ3、σ4The areas of the four connecting blocks (4) in contact with the fastening layer (2) are respectively marked as S1、S2、S3、S4If the friction force received by the friction force meter (100) is FMassage device＝σ1S1+σ2S2+σ3S3+σ4S4；
6) The client (400) accesses the cloud management platform (300) through a wireless network and reads the real-time friction force F suffered by the open caisson in the sinking or pulling processMassage device。
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Application publication date: 20211123 |