CN113686738B - Lithium battery leakage monitoring method for detecting aerosol characteristics - Google Patents
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- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
- G01N15/0211—Investigating a scatter or diffraction pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/38—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium battery leakage monitoring method for detecting aerosol characteristics, and belongs to the technical field of lithium battery safety monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: an optical sensing device with a photoelectric receiving tube, a short wavelength laser generator and a long wavelength laser generator, wherein the optical axes of the short wavelength laser generator and the long wavelength laser generator respectively form a certain space angle with the photoelectric receiving tube, particle scattered light signals are collected in real time, whether the particle scattered light signals respectively exceed a preset threshold is judged, if yes, a particle size factor R is calculated, and whether a leakage particle size range is met is judged, if yes, a leakage alarm signal is sent. According to the invention, the volume concentration and the average particle diameter of the aerosol in the air in the space where the battery cell, the module or the battery pack is positioned can be collected, the change condition of the volume concentration and the particle diameter of the aerosol can be monitored, and then electrolyte leakage particles and interfering substances (dust and the like) can be distinguished, so that early monitoring and early warning of electrolyte leakage caused by heating of the lithium battery can be realized, and a targeted measure can be conveniently taken.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium battery electrolyte leakage monitoring method, in particular to a lithium battery leakage monitoring method for detecting aerosol characteristics, and belongs to the technical field of lithium battery safety monitoring.
Background
The lithium battery has high energy density, long service life, small volume and continuously reduced cost, so that the lithium battery is widely applied. But, just as lithium batteries have higher and higher energy densities, they have resulted in greater and greater thermal runaway safety risks. Besides thermal runaway, in use of a lithium battery, due to aging of a sealing ring, overcharge, overdischarge and the like, leakage of electrolyte due to heating expansion of the battery often occurs, so that the use of the battery is affected, and the risk of thermal runaway is also caused, so that an effective method for monitoring the leakage of the electrolyte of the lithium battery is needed.
The applicant knows that the existing lithium battery thermal runaway early warning system is mainly formed by combining one or more of characteristic gas detection, smoke detection, and Battery Management System (BMS) for collecting temperature, voltage, current and state of charge. However, since the leakage of the electrolyte (particularly, the initial stage of the leakage) is generally free from significant abnormal changes in voltage, current or temperature, the BMS system cannot detect, and particularly, in the case where a plurality of batteries are connected in series-parallel in a battery module or a battery pack, only individual batteries are leaked, it is more difficult to detect.
In addition, gas sensors such as CO, hydrogen, VOCs, and the like are generally used for gas sensing. The resolution of such sensors is generally at the ppm level. Smoke detection typically employs a conventional fire smoke detector with a detection threshold of greater than 1% obs/m. However, due to limited sensitivity, gas and smoke detection can be often detected only after the pressure relief opening of the battery acts or the battery shell breaks and discharges a large amount of gas and smoke, and leakage of electrolyte in the early stage of heating expansion of the battery can not be detected, so that the existing thermal runaway early-warning system can not meet the requirement of monitoring the initial leakage of the electrolyte.
Studies have shown that there is a small amount of gas and electrolyte leakage (typically from seals, etc.) before the cell is depressurized or ruptured. In the case of lithium iron phosphate batteries, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) gas is typically the primary source. In this case, the gas concentration is low, and it is difficult to detect the gas at the level of ppm, which is a common resolution. In addition, high-temperature electrolyte evaporation and gas volatilization can generate aerosol to cause the change of aerosol volume concentration and particle size distribution in a battery cell, a battery module or a battery pack space, but a common smoke detector (including an air suction type smoke detector) cannot accurately detect the particle size due to insufficient particle size and sensitivity, and a conventional optical aerosol detector can only detect the particle mass concentration and cannot distinguish the particle size change. Although the chinese patent No. ZL201410748629.4 discloses a specific technical solution for obtaining the average particle size of particles by using a dual-wavelength scattered light signal, a method for detecting low-concentration aerosol generated in the early stage of leakage of a lithium battery is still needed because the concentration of aerosol particles in the early stage of leakage of the lithium battery electrolyte is much lower than that of smoke.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: aiming at the defects of the existing lithium battery monitoring technology, the lithium battery leakage monitoring method for detecting the aerosol characteristics is provided, so that the early monitoring and early warning problem of electrolyte leakage caused by heating of the lithium battery is practically solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the basic technical scheme of the lithium battery leakage monitoring method for detecting aerosol characteristics of the invention is as follows:
The method comprises the steps of firstly, establishing an optical sensing device of aerosol particles, wherein a photoelectric receiving tube and a short-wavelength laser generator and a long-wavelength laser generator, the optical axes of which form a preset space angle with the photoelectric receiving tube, are arranged in the optical sensing device; a plurality of shading baffles which are distributed at intervals are arranged at the sides of the optical paths of the short wavelength laser generator and the long wavelength laser generator; the inner walls of the optical sensing devices corresponding to the optical paths of the short wavelength laser generator and the long wavelength laser generator are respectively provided with a reflecting plate;
Secondly, placing the optical sensing device into the same space of a lithium battery cell, a battery module or a battery pack, and collecting the scattered light power P S of the short-wavelength particles, the scattered light power P L of the long-wavelength particles, the scattered light power P SA of the short-wavelength environment particles and the scattered light power P LA of the long-wavelength environment particles in real time;
Third, judging whether the difference between the scattered light power P S of the short wavelength particles and the scattered light power P SA of the short wavelength environment particles, and the difference between the scattered light power P L of the long wavelength particles and the scattered light power P LA of the long wavelength environment particles exceed a preset short wavelength first threshold T S1 and a preset long wavelength first threshold T L1 respectively; if not, returning to the second step, and if so, carrying out the next step;
Fourth, judging whether the difference between the short wavelength particle scattered light power P S and the short wavelength environment particle scattered light power P SA and the difference between the long wavelength particle scattered light power P L and the long wavelength environment particle scattered light power P LA exceed the preset short wavelength second threshold T S2 and long wavelength second threshold T L2; if not, returning to the third step, and if so, carrying out the next step;
Fifthly, calculating a particle size factor R according to the following formula, and carrying out the next step;
R=(PS-PSA)/（PL-PLA）
and sixthly, judging whether the particle size factor R meets the leakage particle size range, if not, returning to the second step, and if so, sending out a leakage alarm signal.
The invention realizes monitoring the leakage of the electrolyte of the lithium battery by detecting aerosol particles generated after the evaporation of the electrolyte and the mixing of air and sensing the volume concentration and the average particle size change of the aerosol.
The invention is further perfected that the incidence and receiving space angle range is optimized, and the optical sensing device is internally provided with a photoelectric receiving tube, and a short wavelength laser generator and a long wavelength laser generator, the optical axes of which form space angles of 95-170 degrees and 10-90 degrees with the photoelectric receiving tube respectively.
The invention is further perfected in that the wavelength range is optimized, the wavelength range of the short wavelength laser generator is 280-690nm, and the wavelength range of the long wavelength laser generator is 750-1500nm.
The invention is further perfected that one side of the optical sensing device is provided with an air inlet, and the other side is provided with an air outlet.
The invention is further perfected that the photoelectric receiving tube, the long wavelength laser generator and the short wavelength laser generator are distributed in a shape of Chinese character 'pin'.
It is a further refinement of the present invention that the long wavelength laser generator outlet is provided with at least two diaphragms.
On the basis of intensive research, according to the principle that high-temperature liquid is evaporated and mixed with air to generate aerosol (for example, water vapor generates aerosol) and a particle optical Mie scattering formula, scattered light power of particles on incident light is in proportion to volume concentration, and the average particle size of particle sizes can be distinguished according to the scattered light power ratio of different wavelengths, so that the volume average concentration and the average particle size of aerosol particles can be measured according to the aerosol particle light scattering principle. When no leakage exists, the optical sensing device is used for measuring the aerosol in the protected space, the volume concentration and average particle diameter data of the aerosol environment are obtained, further, the sensing device is used for measuring the change of the aerosol data in real time, when the change quantity does not exceed a first threshold, the data belongs to normal environment aerosol change, the data can be updated to serve as new environment data, and the change of the environment data can be guaranteed not to cause the deviation of an alarm threshold. When the variation exceeds the first threshold, the environmental data is not updated, the aerosol parameters are continuously monitored, and when the variation exceeds the second threshold, if the average particle size is larger (for example, larger than 1 μm), the aerosol is in interference of dust and the like, and if necessary, a signal with an interfering object can be output. And when the variation of the aerosol exceeds a second threshold and the average particle size is smaller (for example, smaller than 1.0 μm), the aerosol is leaked for the electrolyte, and a leakage alarm signal is sent.
Therefore, the invention has a sufficient theoretical basis, and can monitor the change condition of the volume concentration and the particle size of the aerosol by collecting the volume concentration and the average particle size of the aerosol in the air in the space where the battery cell, the battery module or the battery pack is positioned, further distinguish electrolyte leakage particles and interfering substances (dust and the like), realize early monitoring and early warning of electrolyte leakage caused by heating of the lithium battery, and facilitate taking targeted measures.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical sensing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of aerosol concentration and particle size distribution before and after leakage in the space where the battery is located.
Fig. 3 shows the long and short wavelength scattered light power signal and the carbon monoxide gas signal of the aerosol in the cell space when electrolyte is leaked.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The lithium battery leakage monitoring method for detecting aerosol characteristics in this embodiment adopts the rectangular box-shaped optical sensing device 1 shown in fig. 1. One side of the device is provided with an air inlet 2, and the other side is provided with an air outlet 3. The photoelectric receiving tube 9, the short wavelength laser generator 4 with the optical axis forming a 120-degree space angle with the photoelectric receiving tube 9 and the long wavelength laser generator 5 with the optical axis forming a 60-degree space angle are arranged on one side of the middle part in the optical sensing device 1, and the three are distributed in a shape of Chinese character 'mu'. The wavelength of the short wavelength laser 4 is 650nm red light, and the wavelength of the long wavelength laser 5 is 980nm infrared light.
The side of the optical path of the short wavelength laser generator 4 and the long wavelength laser generator 5 is provided with a plurality of shading baffles 7 which are distributed at intervals, and the shading baffles not only can shade the background light, but also can guide the airflow. The inner wall of the optical sensing device 1 corresponding to the optical path of the short wavelength laser generator 4 is provided with a corner reflecting plate 8; the optical sensor device 1 has a sidewall reflection plate 6 provided on the inner wall thereof corresponding to the optical path of the long wavelength laser generator 5. The corner reflecting plate 8 forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the short wavelength incident laser light, and the side wall reflecting plate 6 forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the long wavelength incident laser light.
In order to further reduce the influence of the background light, the present embodiment provides a diaphragm 11 at the outlet of the long wavelength laser generator. The diaphragm is of a three-layer structure and is used for restraining light rays of a laser and reducing divergence angles and stray light. The outlet of the short wavelength laser is provided with a diaphragm as appropriate.
The actual lithium battery leakage monitoring steps in this embodiment can be summarized as
The first step is to build the optical sensing device.
And secondly, placing the optical sensing device into the same space of a lithium battery cell, a battery module or a battery pack, and collecting the scattered light power P S of the short wavelength particles, the scattered light power P L of the long wavelength particles, the light power P SA of the short wavelength environment particles and the light power P LA of the long wavelength environment particles in real time.
Thirdly, judging whether the difference between the scattered light power P S of the short wavelength particles and the scattered light power P SA of the short wavelength environment particles and the difference between the scattered light power P L of the long wavelength particles and the scattered light power P LA of the long wavelength environment particles exceed a preset first threshold T S1 of the short wavelength and a preset first threshold T L1 of the long wavelength respectively; if not, returning to the second step, and if so, carrying out the next step.
Fourth, judging whether the difference between the scattered light power P S of the short wavelength particles and the scattered light power P SA of the short wavelength environment particles and the difference between the scattered light power P L of the long wavelength particles and the scattered light power P LA of the long wavelength environment particles exceeds the preset short wavelength second threshold T S2 and long wavelength second threshold T L2; if not, returning to the third step, and if so, carrying out the next step.
And fifthly, calculating a particle size factor R according to the following formula, and carrying out the next step.
R=(PS-PSA)/（PL-PLA）
In the middle of
P S -short wavelength particles scatter light power,
P L -long wavelength particles scatter light power,
P SA -short wavelength ambient particle scattered light power collected without leakage,
P LA -long wavelength ambient particle scattered light power collected without leakage.
The scattered light power definition, the photoelectric emission, the receiving, and the electronic signal processing and control may employ a processing control circuit having a CPU (see prior art documents such as chinese patent documents of application nos. 201410748629.4 and 200810084923.4).
And sixthly, judging whether the particle size factor R meets the leakage particle size range, if not, returning to the second step, and if so, sending out a leakage alarm signal.
More specifically, the optical sensor device of the present embodiment collects the short wavelength particle scattered light power P S, the short wavelength ambient particle scattered light power P SA, the long wavelength particle scattered light power P L, and the long wavelength ambient particle light power P LA when there is no leakage, and typically, initially, P S is equal to P SA and P L is equal to P LA. When no electrolyte leaks, the environment changes will cause the scattered light power P S and P L to change, if the short wavelength first threshold T S1 =100 and the long wavelength first threshold T L1 =50 (the light power is usually converted into the corresponding electric signal by the photoelectric device in practical use, the electric signal is converted into specific digital by AD), the difference between P S and the scattered light power P SA of the short wavelength environmental particles and the difference between P L and the scattered light power P LA of the long wavelength environmental particles do not exceed the above threshold, changes P SA and P LA were made by tracking ambient aerosol changes. Updating of P SA and P LA is stopped when the changes of P S and P L exceed T S1 and T L1, and then the changes of P S and P L are continued to be monitored, and when the increments P S-PSA＞TS2 and P L-PLA＞TL2 (the second thresholds of the long and short wavelengths are set to be T S2=600、TL2 =100, respectively), r= (P S-PSA)/（PL-PLA) is calculated, if R is equal to or less than 0.8 μm (less than 1 μm, the particle size judging method is shown in patent ZL 201410748629.4), the leakage of the electrolyte of the lithium battery is judged, a leakage alarm signal is sent out, or else, the leakage alarm signal is not sent out because large particles such as dust interfere with aerosol.
Fig. 2 shows the concentration and particle size distribution of the aerosol before and after leakage in the space where the battery of this example was located. The total particle volume concentration in the range of 19-1000nm for aerosol without leakage is 1.14x10 6 (#/cm 3/logDp), where 19-100nm particles are 7.22x10 5 (#/cm 3/logDp), 150-800nm particles are 2.38x10 5 (#/cm 3/logDp), and 200-600nm particles are 1.46x10 5 (#/cm 3/logDp). After a small amount of leakage of the electrolyte occurs, the particles in the 19-1000nm range become 1.56x10 6 (#/cm 3/logDp), 36% more than in the absence of leakage, while the particles in the 19-100nm range are 2.12x10 5 (#/cm 3/logDp), only about 30% in the absence of leakage, the particles in the 150-800nm range are more than 5 times before leakage, the total number of particles in the 200-600nm range is 1.02x10 6 (#/cm 3/logDp), and the particles generated by leakage of the electrolyte of the battery are concentrated at 150-800nm, especially 200-600 nm. The total particle size of 19-100nm is reduced by more than 2/3. It is apparent that both aerosol quantity and particle size change significantly after electrolyte leakage.
Fig. 3 shows the long and short wavelength particle scattered light power signal and carbon monoxide gas signal of the aerosol in the battery pack at a small leak of electrolyte as shown in fig. 2. In fig. 3, the solid line indicates the short wavelength red light particle scattering signal of the particle, the broken line indicates the long wavelength infrared light particle scattering signal, and the dashed line indicates the CO gas signal. It can be seen that the above signals in a normal non-leakage environment all change according to the environment, electrolyte leaks after 11:18, long and short wavelength particle scattering signals all start to rise, P S exceeds a first threshold at 11:19:15, P SA and P LA remain unchanged after P L exceeds the first threshold at 11:20:01, P S-PSA=651,PL-PLA =102 at 11:20:42, R=6.38 correspond to an average particle size of about 450nm (less than 1 μm), and thus a leakage alarm signal is sent. As can be seen from fig. 3, the carbon monoxide gas sensor does not respond in the whole leakage process (the CO value in fig. 3 is only a background value, the increment corresponds to the actual concentration of CO, and the resolution of the used CO sensor is less than 1 ppm), so that the early detection and early warning of the leakage of the electrolyte of the lithium battery can be realized by adopting the aerosol optical sensing device of the embodiment.
In a word, both theory and experiment show that by adopting the embodiment, early monitoring and early warning of electrolyte leakage caused by heating of the lithium battery can be practically realized, so that conditions are created for taking targeted countermeasure in time.
In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A lithium battery leak monitoring method for detecting aerosol characteristics, comprising the steps of:
The method comprises the steps of firstly, establishing an optical sensing device of aerosol particles, wherein a photoelectric receiving tube and a short-wavelength laser generator and a long-wavelength laser generator, the optical axes of which form a preset space angle with the photoelectric receiving tube, are arranged in the optical sensing device; a plurality of shading baffles which are distributed at intervals are arranged at the sides of the optical paths of the short wavelength laser generator and the long wavelength laser generator; the inner walls of the optical sensing devices corresponding to the optical paths of the short wavelength laser generator and the long wavelength laser generator are respectively provided with a reflecting plate; placing an optical sensing device into the same space of a lithium battery cell, a battery module or a battery pack, wherein one side of the optical sensing device is provided with an air inlet, and the other side of the optical sensing device is provided with an air outlet;
Collecting the scattered light power P S of the short-wavelength particles, the scattered light power P L of the long-wavelength particles, the scattered light power P SA of the short-wavelength environment particles and the scattered light power P LA of the long-wavelength environment particles in real time, wherein P S is equal to P SA and P L is equal to P LA in the initial stage;
third, judging whether the difference between the short wavelength particle scattered light power P S and the short wavelength environment particle scattered light power P SA and the difference between the long wavelength particle scattered light power P L and the long wavelength environment particle scattered light power P LA exceed a preset short wavelength first threshold T S1 and a preset long wavelength first threshold T L1 respectively; if not, returning to the second step, if yes, stopping updating P SA and P LA, then continuing to monitor the changes of P S and P L , and carrying out the next step;
Fourth, judging whether the difference between the short wavelength particle scattered light power P S and the short wavelength environment particle scattered light power P SA and the difference between the long wavelength particle scattered light power P L and the long wavelength environment particle scattered light power P LA exceed a preset short wavelength second threshold T S2 and a preset long wavelength second threshold T L2 respectively; if not, continuing to monitor the changes of the P S and the P L until the difference between the short wavelength particle scattered light power P S and the short wavelength environment particle scattered light power P SA and the difference between the long wavelength particle scattered light power P L and the long wavelength environment particle scattered light power P LA exceed the preset short wavelength second threshold T S2 and long wavelength second threshold T L2, and proceeding to the next step; if yes, proceeding to the next step;
Fifthly, calculating a particle size factor R according to the following formula, and carrying out the next step;
R=(PS-PSA)/(PL-PLA)
and sixthly, judging whether the average particle size corresponding to the particle size factor R meets the range of the leakage particle size, if not, returning to the second step, and if so, sending out a leakage alarm signal.
2. The method for lithium battery leak monitoring for aerosol feature detection of claim 1, wherein: the optical sensing device is provided with a photoelectric receiving tube, and a short wavelength laser generator and a long wavelength laser generator, wherein the optical axes of the short wavelength laser generator and the long wavelength laser generator respectively form a space angle of 95-170 DEG and 10-90 DEG with the photoelectric receiving tube.
3. The method for lithium battery leak monitoring for aerosol feature detection of claim 2, wherein: the wavelength range of the short wavelength laser generator is 280nm-690nm, and the wavelength range of the long wavelength laser generator is 750nm-1500nm.
4. A lithium battery leak monitoring method for detecting aerosol characteristics as set forth in claim 1 or 3, wherein: the photoelectric receiving tube, the long wavelength laser generator and the short wavelength laser generator are distributed in a shape of Chinese character 'pin'.
5. The method for lithium battery leak monitoring for aerosol feature detection of claim 4, wherein: and at least two layers of diaphragms are arranged at the outlet of the long wavelength laser generator.
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