CN220104988U - Cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector - Google Patents
Cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN220104988U CN220104988U CN202321275626.4U CN202321275626U CN220104988U CN 220104988 U CN220104988 U CN 220104988U CN 202321275626 U CN202321275626 U CN 202321275626U CN 220104988 U CN220104988 U CN 220104988U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas detection
- circuit
- singlechip
- carbon monoxide
- output end
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 hydrogen carbon monoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- PUMGFEMNXBLDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-diaminoacridine-9-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC2=NC3=CC(N)=CC=C3C(C#N)=C21 PUMGFEMNXBLDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150008604 CAN1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710190440 Cytotoxin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector, which comprises a gas detection circuit, a smoke detection circuit, a power module, a singlechip and a CAN communication circuit, wherein the power module is connected with the gas detection circuit; the gas detection circuit comprises a CO gas detection unit and H 2 A gas detection unit; the power module is respectively connected with the gas detection circuit, the smoke sensing detection circuit and the singlechip, and a communication port of the singlechip is connected with the CAN communication circuit. The utility model can be used in lithium batteryUnder the operating mode of energy storage cabin, carry out the conflagration detection that carbon monoxide, hydrogen, temperature sensing felt cigarette can carry out accurate gas concentration detection in the range of a short margin, realize accurate detection, prevent the emergence of false alarm.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of smoke detectors, in particular to a cluster-level hydrogen carbon monoxide smoke detector.
Background
The energy storage battery compartment is the main equipment of the chemical energy storage power station, is generally built by using a standard container, and is internally provided with hundreds of lithium iron phosphate battery modules; each battery module consists of dozens of single batteries; when the lithium battery is applied in a module form, the battery management system can prevent the battery from being overcharged through estimation, but there are a plurality of problems: as the battery life increases, internal aging of the battery may affect the estimation result of the SOC.
The battery moisture and electromagnetic compatibility problems can affect the correct estimation of the SOC; the battery management system cannot start the protection function in the power failure state; the single batteries in the battery module have inconsistency, and partial batteries can be overcharged when the battery module is overcharged according to the overall SOC. The battery management system in the energy storage power station still has imperfect problems. In the energy storage battery compartment environment, lithium batteries can experience thermal runaway in extreme cases, where the battery clusters can release large amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Due to the minimal relative molecular mass of hydrogen, there is a greater tendency for the mixed gas generated by overcharging the cell to accumulate in the uppermost layer, i.e., near the safety valve. The hydrogen diffusion speed with the minimum molecular mass is the fastest, when the internal temperature of the battery exceeds the critical value of the melting of the diaphragm, the internal short circuit with larger area is caused, the complete thermal runaway occurs, and the visible smoke and a large amount of gas are sprayed.
Under experimental conditions of a cluster level in a real energy storage cabin, hydrogen can be detected in an early stage of overcharging, and charging is stopped when the hydrogen is detected, so that heat accumulation in the battery can be immediately restrained without generating any visible smoke or open flame. The hydrogen detection realizes the ultra-early-stage safety early warning of the energy storage battery under the overcharging condition, and the safety level of energy storage is greatly improved.
The existing common scheme is that the overcharge thermal runaway process of the lithium battery module is monitored by utilizing gas detection and voltage and current monitoring means, the means is single, and the phenomenon of overcharge triggering thermal runaway is not easy to detect early.
At present, a single light source detector is used as a main detector for detecting smoke particles in air through infrared light source scattering, and when the concentration of the smoke particles reaches a set threshold value or the temperature reaches the set threshold value through temperature detection, a fire alarm is given; false positives are more likely to occur than with dual light sources.
Therefore, when the existing detector detects, false alarm occurs easily due to inaccurate detection, and therefore, it is necessary to provide a cluster-level hydrogen carbon monoxide smoke detector capable of accurately detecting the temperature-sensing smoke.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the utility model aims to provide the cluster-level hydrogen carbon monoxide smoke detector which can detect carbon monoxide, hydrogen and smoke-sensing fire under the working condition of the lithium battery energy storage cabin.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector of the utility model comprises a gas detection circuit, a smoke detection circuit, a power module, a singlechip and a CAN communication circuit;
the gas detection circuit comprises a CO gas detection unit and H 2 A gas detection unit; the CO gas detection unit comprises a CO gas detection sensor and a first path two-stage operational amplifier circuit; the H is 2 The gas detection unit comprises H 2 The gas detection sensor and the second path two-stage operational amplifier circuit; the CO gas detection sensor and H 2 The signal output ends of the gas detection sensors are respectively connected with a two-stage operational amplifier circuit; the smoke sensing detection circuit comprises a double-light-source infrared sensor and an amplifying circuit connected with the double-light-source infrared sensor; the output end of each path of the two-stage operational amplifier circuit and the output end of the amplifying circuit are connected with the data input end of the singlechip;
the power module is respectively connected with the gas detection circuit, the smoke sensing detection circuit and the singlechip, and a communication port of the singlechip is connected with the CAN communication circuit.
Further preferably, each of the two-stage operational amplifiers includes a primary operational amplifier and two secondary operational amplifiers respectively connected to the output ends of the primary operational amplifiers.
Further preferably, the noninverting input end of the primary operational amplifier is connected with a CO gas detection sensor or an H gas detection sensor 2 The output end of the gas detection sensor, the inverting input end is connected with the reference voltage; the saidThe output ends of the primary operational amplifiers are respectively connected with the non-inverting input ends of the two secondary operational amplifiers; the output end of each secondary operational amplifier is respectively connected with a signal input pin of the singlechip.
Further preferably, an amplifying circuit in the smoke sensing detection circuit adopts a transimpedance amplifier and a secondary amplifier; the input end of the transimpedance amplifier is connected with the output end of the dual-light-source infrared sensor; the non-inverting input end of the secondary amplifier is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the output end of the secondary amplifier is connected with a signal input pin of the singlechip.
Further preferably, the power module comprises a self-recovery fuse resistor, a rectifier bridge and a DCDC voltage stabilizing element; the self-recovery safety resistor is connected in series with the output end of the forward 24V power supply, the tail end of the self-recovery safety resistor is connected with one input end of the rectifier bridge, the other input end of the rectifier bridge is grounded or connected with the-24V power supply, the output end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the DCDC voltage stabilizing element, and the DCDC voltage stabilizing element is used for converting 24V into 5V and 3.3V.
Further preferably, the singlechip is a serial chip with the model GD32F 107.
Further preferably, the CAN communication circuit is a CAN transceiver with a model number of TJA 1040T.
Compared with the prior art, the cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector disclosed by the utility model has at least the following advantages:
1. the detector combines a plurality of physical quantities of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and temperature sensing smoke to detect, covers the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery, and simultaneously more effectively prevents the false alarm of the detector.
2. In the process of CO and H 2 In the aspect of a sensor amplifying circuit, a rail-to-rail precise operational amplifier is adopted to convert a micro current signal output by an electrochemical sensor into a voltage signal, and two-stage amplifying treatment is carried out respectively: the first-stage amplification is larger, so that accurate gas concentration detection is performed in a small range, and the linearity of the sensor is optimal in the range. The second stage amplification is small so that the detected voltage value is still not fully biased when the gas concentration reaches high.
3. For the smoke sensing detection part, an infrared double-light source design is adopted. The traditional infrared gas sensor only has one light source and one light path, and cannot eliminate the influence of the receiving sensitivity attenuation of the detection unit on the detection precision. Meanwhile, the light path can reach the detection unit only through multiple reflections of the side wall, and the pollution of dust and water vapor to the reflecting surface of the side wall can greatly reduce the reflectivity of the reflecting surface, so that the detection precision is poor. The double-light source gas detector collects smoke signals by adopting red and blue light, the detection precision is not influenced by the attenuation of the receiving sensitivity of the detection unit, and the false alarm of the field detector is effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit structure of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power module according to the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a gas detection circuit of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the smoke sensing detection circuit of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the singlechip of the utility model.
Fig. 6 is a circuit schematic of the CAN communication circuit of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
The utility model is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the utility model provides a cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector, which comprises a gas detection circuit, a smoke detection circuit, a power module, a singlechip and a CAN communication circuit;
the gas detection circuit comprises a CO gas detection unit and H 2 A gas detection unit; the CO gas detection unit comprises a CO gas detection sensor and a first path two-stage operational amplifier circuit; the H is 2 The gas detection unit comprises H 2 The gas detection sensor and the second path two-stage operational amplifier circuit; the CO gas detection sensor and H 2 The signal output ends of the gas detection sensors are respectively connected with a two-stage operational amplifier circuit; the smoke sensing detection circuit comprisesThe double-light-source infrared sensor and an amplifying circuit connected with the double-light-source infrared sensor; the output end of each path of the two-stage operational amplifier circuit and the output end of the amplifying circuit are connected with the data input end of the singlechip;
the power module is respectively connected with the gas detection circuit, the smoke sensing detection circuit and the singlechip, and a communication port of the singlechip is connected with the CAN communication circuit.
CO gas detection unit and H 2 The gas detection unit converts the current signals of the detected gas signals into voltage signals by using two-stage amplifying circuits respectively, the voltage signals are amplified by two-stage operational amplifiers to form two paths of acquisition signals, the two paths of acquisition signals are input to an acquisition end of the singlechip, and after the acquisition end of the singlechip is acquired by using an ACD or an external ADC (analog to digital converter) in the singlechip, the singlechip sends the values to the CAN communication circuit. Thereby realizing the acquisition of gas signals by each detector. Similarly, the smoke sensing detection circuit adopts a double-light source infrared sensor to collect smoke concentration values, and an amplifying circuit is formed by a transimpedance amplifier and an operational amplifier to amplify the smoke concentration values and then transmit the amplified smoke concentration values to a singlechip for collection.
In the present utility model, the CO gas detection unit, H 2 Gas detection unit, and CO gas detection sensor and H in smoke detection circuit 2 The acquisition signals of the gas detection sensor and the double-light source infrared sensor firstly pass through a current-to-voltage signal detection circuit, the current signals are converted into voltage signals, then the voltage signals are amplified by an amplifying circuit, and the current-to-voltage signal detection circuit is a conventional technology in the field and is not described in detail herein.
As shown in fig. 2, the power module includes a self-recovery fuse resistor F1, a rectifier bridge MB6S and a DCDC voltage stabilizing element UP3; the self-recovery safety resistor is connected in series with the output end of the forward 24V power supply, the tail end of the self-recovery safety resistor is connected with one input end of the rectifier bridge, the other input end of the rectifier bridge is grounded or connected with the-24V power supply, the output end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the DCDC voltage stabilizing element, and the DCDC voltage stabilizing element is used for converting 24V into 5V and 3.3V. On the circuit board, the input end is connected with a self-recovery insurance resistor, if the latter stage generates short circuit or overload, the self-recovery insurance is disconnected, and the circuit of the latter stage is protected. Because the energy storage cabinet is on site, external interference signals are more, and the common mode filter on the circuit increases the anti-interference capability of the circuit. And then the voltage is converted into 5V and 3.3V voltage-reducing and stabilizing chips through 24V, and power is supplied to a later-stage circuit.
As shown in fig. 3, each of the two-stage operational amplifiers includes a primary operational amplifier and two secondary operational amplifiers respectively connected to the output ends of the primary operational amplifiers.
The non-inverting input end of the primary operational amplifier is connected with a CO gas detection sensor or an H gas detection sensor 2 The output end of the gas detection sensor, the inverting input end is connected with the reference voltage; the output ends of the primary operational amplifiers are respectively connected with the non-inverting input ends of the two secondary operational amplifiers; the output end of each secondary operational amplifier is respectively connected with a signal input pin of the singlechip. The core of the detector is a sensor, and the magnitude of the output current of the electrochemical sensor is proportional to the detected gas concentration within a certain range. The output current is of the uA level, so the amplifying circuit needs to amplify the signal. In the amplifying circuit, U1A and U3A are primary amplifiers for detecting CO and H2, U2B, U A and U4B, U A are used as operational amplifiers, four paths of operational amplifiers are rail to rail, and the amplified voltage signals COSamp1 and H2Samp1 range from 0V to 3.3V.
As shown in fig. 4, the amplifying circuit in the smoke sensing detection circuit adopts a transimpedance amplifier and a secondary amplifier; the input end of the transimpedance amplifier is connected with the output end of the dual-light-source infrared sensor; the non-inverting input end of the secondary amplifier is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the output end of the secondary amplifier is connected with a signal input pin of the singlechip. The double-light-source amplifying circuit adopts red light and blue light as light sources, a receiver is a photodiode D13, the detected current signal is required to be converted into a voltage signal through an operational amplifier U9, and then the voltage signal is amplified, and an output signal is SMOKE in the figure and is input into the singlechip.
As shown in FIG. 5, the SCM is a serial chip with the model GD32F 107.
As shown in fig. 6, the CAN communication circuit is a CAN transceiver with a model of TJA 1040T. In the communication mode, the detector adopts non-isolated CAN bus communication, CRX1 and CTX1 are connected with a master control singlechip chip, and CAN0 and CAN1 are connected with the outside. And adds TVS tube D14 to prevent communication interface from receiving interference
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (7)
1. The cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector is characterized by comprising a gas detection circuit, a smoke detection circuit, a power module, a singlechip and a CAN communication circuit;
the gas detection circuit comprises a CO gas detection unit and H 2 A gas detection unit; the CO gas detection unit comprises a CO gas detection sensor and a first path two-stage operational amplifier circuit; the H is 2 The gas detection unit comprises H 2 The gas detection sensor and the second path two-stage operational amplifier circuit; the CO gas detection sensor and H 2 The signal output ends of the gas detection sensors are respectively connected with a two-stage operational amplifier circuit; the smoke sensing detection circuit comprises a double-light-source infrared sensor and an amplifying circuit connected with the double-light-source infrared sensor; the output end of each path of the two-stage operational amplifier circuit and the output end of the amplifying circuit are connected with the data input end of the singlechip;
the power module is respectively connected with the gas detection circuit, the smoke sensing detection circuit and the singlechip, and a communication port of the singlechip is connected with the CAN communication circuit.
2. The clustered stage hydrogen-carbon monoxide smoke detector according to claim 1, wherein each of said two stages of operational amplifiers comprises a primary operational amplifier and two secondary operational amplifiers respectively connected to the outputs of said primary operational amplifiers.
3. The cluster-scale hydrogen-carbon monoxide smoke detector according to claim 2, wherein the non-inverting input terminal of the primary operational amplifier is connected with a CO gas detection sensor or an H gas detection sensor 2 The output end of the gas detection sensor, the inverting input end is connected with the reference voltage; the output ends of the primary operational amplifiers are respectively connected with the non-inverting input ends of the two secondary operational amplifiers; the output end of each secondary operational amplifier is respectively connected with a signal input pin of the singlechip.
4. The cluster-level hydrogen-carbon monoxide smoke detector according to claim 1, wherein the amplifying circuit in the smoke detection circuit adopts a transimpedance amplifier and a secondary amplifier; the input end of the transimpedance amplifier is connected with the output end of the dual-light-source infrared sensor; the non-inverting input end of the secondary amplifier is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifier, and the output end of the secondary amplifier is connected with a signal input pin of the singlechip.
5. The cluster-level hydrogen-carbon monoxide smoke detector of claim 1, wherein the power module comprises a self-healing fuse resistor, a rectifier bridge, and a DCDC voltage regulator element; the self-recovery safety resistor is connected in series with the output end of the forward 24V power supply, the tail end of the self-recovery safety resistor is connected with one input end of the rectifier bridge, the other input end of the rectifier bridge is grounded or connected with the-24V power supply, the output end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the DCDC voltage stabilizing element, and the DCDC voltage stabilizing element is used for converting 24V into 5V and 3.3V.
6. The cluster-level hydrogen-carbon monoxide smoke detector according to claim 1, wherein the single chip microcomputer is a serial chip with a model of GD32F 107.
7. The cluster-level hydrogen-carbon monoxide smoke detector of claim 1, wherein the CAN communication circuit is a CAN transceiver of type TJA 1040T.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321275626.4U CN220104988U (en) | 2023-05-24 | 2023-05-24 | Cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321275626.4U CN220104988U (en) | 2023-05-24 | 2023-05-24 | Cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220104988U true CN220104988U (en) | 2023-11-28 |
Family
ID=88845540
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321275626.4U Active CN220104988U (en) | 2023-05-24 | 2023-05-24 | Cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220104988U (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-05-24 CN CN202321275626.4U patent/CN220104988U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN201029103Y (en) | On-line monitoring and maintenance system for accumulator group | |
| US20220412777A1 (en) | Multiparameter integrated online monitoring system and method for at least one energy storage battery based on fiber bragg grating | |
| KR102134707B1 (en) | Ess for fire early prevention | |
| CN101188316B (en) | Sensing and control device and battery management system driving method using the device | |
| CN101442211B (en) | Monitoring device and monitoring methods for distributed battery management system | |
| KR20190011567A (en) | Master battery management unit and a battery pack including the same | |
| CN111060821A (en) | Battery management system and method with early warning function of lithium battery fault | |
| CN110828919A (en) | Battery thermal runaway early warning system and method | |
| KR20120073520A (en) | Battery management system and battery monitoring system using the same | |
| KR102254734B1 (en) | Early fire detection and method of Eneray Storage Sysstem battery using sound | |
| CN215768929U (en) | Hybrid energy storage battery state monitoring system | |
| CN220104988U (en) | Cluster-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide smoke detector | |
| KR101885636B1 (en) | Battery Management System of Repeater | |
| CN208488215U (en) | A kind of fuel-cell vehicle hydrogen gas leakage detector | |
| CN108258340A (en) | A kind of battery system with gas monitoring apparatus | |
| CN114447451A (en) | Method for monitoring early hidden danger of battery of energy storage station | |
| CN109632124A (en) | It is tethered at unmanned aerial vehicle onboard monitoring system and its monitoring method | |
| CN201170923Y (en) | Intelligent polling instrument for accumulator battery | |
| CN206992268U (en) | A kind of combined type battery fire alarm system | |
| CN209541941U (en) | It is tethered at unmanned aerial vehicle onboard monitoring system | |
| CN113725511A (en) | Comprehensive detection system and judgment method for thermal runaway of energy storage battery | |
| CN112924888A (en) | DC power supply on-line monitoring system | |
| CN220751478U (en) | Hydrogen monitoring device of hydrogen supply system | |
| CN219800271U (en) | Pack-level carbon monoxide detector | |
| CN105548837A (en) | Defect warning device of insulating member in switch cabinet |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |