CN113686413B - Water level monitoring device and arrangement method of water level monitoring system in dumpsite of open-pit mine - Google Patents
Water level monitoring device and arrangement method of water level monitoring system in dumpsite of open-pit mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686413B CN113686413B CN202110969858.9A CN202110969858A CN113686413B CN 113686413 B CN113686413 B CN 113686413B CN 202110969858 A CN202110969858 A CN 202110969858A CN 113686413 B CN113686413 B CN 113686413B
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水位监测装置及露天矿内排土场中水位监测系统的布置方法。本发明公开的用于露天矿排土场中的水位监测装置，可准确探测出监测孔中的水位，结构稳定，方便组装，使用寿命长。本发明公开的露天矿内排土场中水位监测系统的布置方法，准确划分排土场内的影响区域，按照影响区域的类型决定监测孔及水位监测装置的布置密度，可有效降低监测成本，提高监测系统可靠性。将传统超深监测孔布置改为布置在排土台阶上的短小监测孔，可有效防止钻孔坍塌，降低钻孔成本。采用预埋的方式布置线束等，可降低酷热、严寒等气候影响，实现系统有线信号传输和供电，提高监测系统运行可靠性。
The invention discloses a water level monitoring device and a method for arranging a water level monitoring system in an open-pit mine dump. The water level monitoring device disclosed in the present invention for use in open-pit mine dumps can accurately detect the water level in the monitoring hole, has a stable structure, is easy to assemble, and has a long service life. The layout method of the water level monitoring system in the dumpsite of an open-pit mine disclosed by the present invention accurately divides the affected areas in the dumpsite, and determines the layout density of monitoring holes and water level monitoring devices according to the type of the affected area, which can effectively reduce monitoring costs. Improve monitoring system reliability. Changing the layout of traditional ultra-deep monitoring holes to short monitoring holes arranged on the soil discharge steps can effectively prevent borehole collapse and reduce drilling costs. Arranging wire harnesses in a pre-embedded manner can reduce the impact of climate such as extreme heat and cold, realize wired signal transmission and power supply for the system, and improve the operational reliability of the monitoring system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strip mines, in particular to a water level monitoring device and a layout method of a water level monitoring system in a dumping site in the strip mine.
Background
The strip mine dumping site is formed by stacking a large amount of loose materials, and although the dumping process is subjected to compaction to a certain extent, the cementing property of the rock-soil body is still poor, the pore connectivity is good, and the strip mine dumping site has good water storage and water seepage conditions. In areas where precipitation or groundwater is abundant, long-term water erosion is extremely easy to enable groundwater and atmospheric precipitation to permeate into the interior of the dumping site, so that the water level in the dumping site is increased, the properties and stress conditions of a rock-soil body are changed, and serious slope instability even can be caused. In order to timely monitor the change of the groundwater level in the dumping site so as to take corresponding disposal measures, water level monitoring drill holes are arranged in the dumping site. At present, water level monitoring is usually carried out by adopting a mode of drilling holes from the uppermost step of the dumping site to the lowermost part at one time, but loose materials in the dumping site have poor cementing property, and monitoring holes, especially monitoring holes with larger depth, are extremely easy to collapse in the drilling process, so that even if the monitoring holes are successfully drilled, later maintenance is difficult, the monitoring cost is obviously increased, and the arrangement density and the monitoring effect of the monitoring holes are further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water level monitoring device and a layout method of a water level monitoring system in a dumping site in an open pit, which are suitable for the dumping site of the open pit, can effectively monitor water level change, and are simple in structure and convenient to construct.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a water level monitoring device for a strip mine dumping site, which comprises an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, a sleeve cap, a sliding bracket, a reflecting mirror and a laser range finder, wherein the outer sleeve is sleeved with the inner sleeve;
the inner sleeve is sleeved in the outer sleeve, and a guide groove extending along the axial direction is formed in the inner surface of the inner sleeve;
the sliding bracket is positioned in the inner sleeve;
the sliding bracket comprises an annular bracket for mounting the reflector and a sliding plate connected to the outer side of the annular bracket, the sliding plate is in clearance fit with the guide groove, and the reflector is mounted on the annular bracket;
the sleeve cap is arranged on the top of the outer sleeve, and the laser range finder is arranged on the sleeve cap and faces the reflecting mirror;
when water exists in the inner sleeve, the reflecting mirror floats on the water surface and can move up and down along with the lifting of the water level.
In one optional technical scheme, a plurality of inner sleeve water inlet holes are formed in the wall of the inner sleeve, and a plurality of outer sleeve water inlet holes are formed in the wall of the outer sleeve;
a filter screen is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve.
In one alternative, the guide slot is dovetail-shaped, and correspondingly, the sliding plate is dovetail-shaped.
In one optional technical scheme, a plurality of guide grooves are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the inner sleeve, a plurality of sliding plates are uniformly distributed on the annular bracket, and each sliding plate is in clearance fit with one guide groove.
In one optional technical scheme, the laser beam emission interval time T of the laser range finder is adjusted according to the water level change rate Deltah, and the method is specifically implemented according to the following formula:
T＝min(T 1 ，T 2 )；
wherein: k (k) 1 ，k 2 As time interval coefficients, units: hours/mm;
arithmetic symbolRepresenting that a minimum value X exists in the calculation formula, wherein X is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1;
when Deltah is less than or equal to 2,<|Δh|-2>=0, then T 1 ＝24；
When Deltah > 2, and 0 < K 1 <|Δh|-2>When < 23, T 1 ＝24-K 1 <|Δh|-2>；
Δh > 2, and K 1 <|Δh|-2>When not less than 23, T 1 ＝X；
Formula (VI)Representing the sum of the n measured values of Δh of the most recent measurement, where n is a natural number > 2;
when (when)When (I)>
When (when)At the time T 2 ＝X。
In one alternative, x=0.5 or 1.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a method for arranging the water level monitoring system in the dumping site in the strip mine, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps of dividing a safety area, a warning area and a high-risk area in advance according to underground water outlet conditions in a soil discharging range;
s2: after the stripping material is discharged and the soil discharging step is formed, drilling holes downwards on the soil discharging step to form a plurality of monitoring holes;
wherein, the hole pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes in the safety area is larger than the hole pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes in the guard area, and the hole pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes in the high-risk area is larger than the hole pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes in the guard area;
s3: installing a set of water level monitoring devices according to any one of the above-mentioned technical schemes in each of the monitoring holes;
s4: a wiring pipe is pre-buried above the soil discharging step, extends towards the end wall of the strip mine, and is communicated with each monitoring hole;
the wire harness on the water level monitoring device passes through the wire harness pipe and is connected with external monitoring equipment;
s5: and (2) sequentially executing the steps S2-S4 until the water level monitoring devices are installed on all the soil discharging steps, and connecting each water level monitoring device with the monitoring equipment.
In one optional technical scheme, the arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dumping site in the strip mine further comprises the following steps:
and drilling holes on the construction end walls of the open pit to be communicated with the wiring pipe.
In one optional solution, the step S1 includes:
continuously monitoring and analyzing the accumulated water yield of a single water outlet point or closely connected water outlet points to be V within 1 year d The actual infiltration amount of atmospheric precipitation into the interior of the dumping site on 1 hectare area is V j Total water volume v=v d +V j ；
When V is more than or equal to 10000m 3 When the water outlet point is a high-risk water outlet point, and a region with the high-risk water outlet point as a circle center and the radius of 500m is a high-risk region;
when 1000m 3 ≤V＜10000m 3 When the water outlet point is a warning water outlet point, the region with the radius of 300m and the center of the warning water outlet point is taken as a warning region;
when V is less than 1000m 3 When the water outlet point is a safe water outlet point, and a region with the radius of 200m and the center of the safe water outlet point is taken as a safe region;
the degree of influence ordering is: the high-risk area > the warning area > the safety area;
when two or three areas among the safety area, the warning area and the high-risk area are overlapped, the overlapped area is classified as one with larger influence degree.
In one optional technical scheme, the hole distance between adjacent monitoring holes in the safety area is 400m-600 m;
the hole distance between the adjacent monitoring holes in the warning area is 100m-300 m;
the hole distance between the adjacent monitoring holes in the high-risk area is between 10m and 80 m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the water level monitoring device for the strip mine dumping site, provided by the invention, can accurately detect the water level in the monitoring hole, has a stable structure, is convenient to assemble and has a long service life.
According to the water level monitoring device for the surface mine dumping site, the water permeable holes are respectively formed in the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, so that water in a stratum of the dumping site can smoothly permeate into the inner sleeve. A filter screen is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, so that sand and gravel can be effectively blocked from entering the inner sleeve. The guide groove is arranged in the inner sleeve, so that the sliding bracket can be ensured to slide up and down horizontally under the condition of water level change, and the deflection of the reflector is prevented from influencing data measurement. The interval time of laser range finder emission laser beam detection is adjusted in real time according to the water level change, reduces equipment loss when guaranteeing measurement accuracy, and increase of service life effectively reduces system cost.
According to the arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dumping site in the strip mine, the influence area in the dumping site is accurately divided, the arrangement density of the monitoring holes and the water level monitoring device is determined according to the type of the influence area, the monitoring cost can be effectively reduced, and the reliability of the monitoring system is improved. The traditional ultra-deep monitoring hole arrangement is changed into short and small monitoring holes arranged on the soil discharging step, so that the collapse of drilling holes can be effectively prevented, and the drilling cost is reduced. The wiring harnesses are arranged in an embedded mode, so that the climate influence of intense heat, severe cold and the like can be reduced, the wired signal transmission and power supply of the system are realized, and the operation reliability of the monitoring system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a water level monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention along an axial direction;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a water level monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention along a radial direction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a mirror mounted on a slide bracket;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a water level monitoring device installed on each of the upper and lower dumping steps in a method for arranging a water level monitoring system in a dumping site in a strip mine according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the monitor holes and the wiring pipes on the soil discharging step;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the end wall bore communicating with the wiring conduit.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a water level monitoring device 100 for use in a strip mine dumping site, which includes an outer sleeve 1, an inner sleeve 2, a sleeve cap 3, a sliding bracket 5, a reflecting mirror 6 and a laser range finder 7.
The inner sleeve 2 is sleeved in the outer sleeve 1, and a guide groove 22 extending along the axial direction is arranged on the inner surface of the inner sleeve 2.
The sliding bracket 5 is in the inner sleeve 2.
The slide bracket 5 includes an annular bracket 51 for mounting the mirror 6 and a slide plate 52 attached to the outside of the annular bracket 51, the slide plate 52 being in clearance fit with the guide groove 22, the mirror 6 being mounted on the annular bracket 51.
The sleeve cap 3 is mounted on top of the outer sleeve 1, and the laser rangefinder 7 is mounted on the sleeve cap 3, facing the mirror 6.
When water is present in the inner tube 2, the reflecting mirror 6 floats on the water surface and can move up and down along with the rise and fall of the water level.
The water level monitoring device 100 provided by the invention is used for being installed on a soil discharging step in a strip mine soil discharging field so as to monitor the water level in the soil discharging step.
The inner sleeve 2 of the monitoring device 100 is positioned in the outer sleeve 1, and both the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 1 are metal tubes. The sleeve cap 3 is screwed on the upper end of the outer sleeve 1 and seals the inner sleeve 2. The bottom openings of the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 1, from which water can enter the inner sleeve 2. The bottom openings of the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 1 can be provided with filter screens as required.
The inner sleeve 2 has a guide groove 22 extending in the axial direction of the inner sleeve 2 for guiding the up-and-down movement of the slide bracket 5.
The slide bracket 5 includes an annular bracket 51 and a slide plate 52 attached to the outside of the annular bracket 51, one end of the slide plate 52 is clearance-fitted with the guide groove 22, and the mirror 6 is detachably mounted on the annular bracket 51. A laser rangefinder 7 is mounted on the cannula cap 3 and faces the mirror 6.
When water exists in the inner sleeve 2, the sliding bracket 5 and the transmitting mirror 6 are subjected to buoyancy, can float on the water surface and can move up and down along with the rising and falling of the water level in the inner sleeve 2.
The laser range finder 7 measures the water level by the laser beam emitted to the reflecting mirror 6, the reflecting mirror 6 reflects the laser beam back to the laser range finder 7, and the distance between the emitting mirror 6 and the laser range finder 7 can be calculated by the laser range finder 7 through the propagation time of the laser beam, so that the water level in the inner sleeve 2 is known.
When the device is used, the laser range finder 7 is connected with external monitoring equipment (a computer, an analyzer and the like), and a user can know the water level in the inner sleeve 2 through the monitoring equipment so as to determine the water level of the soil discharging step and provide water level parameters for subsequent construction.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2, a plurality of inner sleeve water inlet holes 21 are formed in the wall of the inner sleeve 2, and a plurality of outer sleeve water inlet holes 11 are formed in the wall of the outer sleeve 1.
A filter screen 4 is arranged between the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 1.
The water in the drilled or monitored holes enters through the outer sleeve water inlet 11, is filtered through the filter screen 4, and enters into the inner sleeve 2 through the inner sleeve water inlet 21.
The apertures of the outer sleeve water inlet 11 and the inner sleeve water inlet 21 are about 10mm, and the distribution density is not less than 100 mm/m. The filter screen 4 is a steel gauze with the aperture of 1-2mm.
In one embodiment, the guide slot 22 is dovetail-shaped, and accordingly, the sliding plate 52 is dovetail-shaped, so that the sliding plate 52 is prevented from being separated from the guide slot 22, and the stability of the sliding bracket 5 during up-and-down movement is improved.
In one embodiment, a plurality of guide grooves 22 are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the inner sleeve 2, a plurality of sliding plates 52 are uniformly distributed on the annular bracket 51, and each sliding plate 52 is in clearance fit with one guide groove 22, so that the sliding bracket 5 moves up and down horizontally as a whole, and the inclination of the reflecting mirror 6 can be effectively avoided.
In one embodiment, the laser beam emission interval time T of the laser range finder 7 is adjusted according to the water level change rate Δh, specifically, according to the following formula:
T＝min(T 1 ，T 2 )；
wherein: k (k) 1 ，k 2 As time interval coefficients, units: hours/mm.
Arithmetic symbolRepresenting that the calculation formula has a minimum value X, wherein 0 < X.ltoreq.1.
When Deltah is less than or equal to 2,<|Δh|-2>=0, then T 1 ＝24。
When Deltah > 2, and 0 < K 1 <|Δh|-2>When < 23, T 1 ＝24-K 1 <|Δh|-2>。
Δh > 2, and K 1 <|Δh|-2>When not less than 23, T 1 ＝X。
Formula (VI)Represents the sum of the n measured values of Δh measured recently, where n is a natural number > 2.
When (when)When (I)>
When (when)At the time T 2 ＝X。
That is, the laser rangefinder 7 does not need to perform monitoring, and the interval at which the laser beam is emitted is monitored is related to the water level change rate Δh in mm/s. Δh is the amount of change in water level per unit time in the inner sleeve 2. The time interval is T, T is T 1 And T 2 Is the minimum value of (a).
T 1 T is the main calculation mode 2 To assist in calculation to make up for T 1 Is a computing vulnerability of (1).
Wherein: 24 represents 24 hours of the day; k (K) 1 Time interval coefficient, K 1 Can be set as required, e.g. K 1 ＝3；<|Δh|-2>Representing: when the absolute value of ah is less than or equal to 2,<|Δh|-2>when the absolute value of Deltah is greater than 2, T is calculated according to the above formula 1 。
Concerning T 1 The calculation is as follows:
when Deltah is less than or equal to 2,<|Δh|-2>=0, then T 1 =24. When Deltah > 2, and 0 < K 1 <|Δh|-2>When < 23, T 1 ＝24-K 1 <|Δh|-2>. Δh > 2, and K 1 <|Δh|-2>When not less than 23, T 1 ＝X。
Illustrating: if Δh=1, then T 1 =24, tableIt is shown that it is necessary to measure every 24 hours. If Δh=10, k 1 <|Δh|-2>=20, then T 1 =24-20=4, indicating that measurements are required every 4 hours. If Δh=20, k 1 <|Δh|-2>=30, then T 1 Taking the minimum value X of the formula, the measurement needs to be carried out every X hours.
If the absolute value of each monitoring of Deltah is less than or equal to 2, but the accumulated Deltah of multiple monitoring is greater than 2, if the factor is not considered, the missing monitoring is easy to occur, and T is provided in view of the fact 2 Is calculated by the following steps:
wherein: 24 represents 24 hours of the day; k (K) 2 Time interval coefficient, K 2 Can be set as required, e.g. K 1 =1.2 or 1.6; formula->Represents the sum of the n measured values of Δh of the most recent measurement, where n is a natural number > 2, e.g. n=3 or n=5.
When (when)When (I)>When->At the time T 2 ＝X。
Illustrating: if it isThen T is 2 =24-21=3, indicating that measurement is required every 3 hours. If it isThen T is 2 Taking the minimum value X of the formula, the measurement needs to be carried out every X hours.
Comparing each calculated T 1 And T 2 One with a smaller value is selected as T.
In one embodiment, x=0.5 or 1, indicating that when the Δh conversion rate is large, the time interval for monitoring needs to be reduced, preferably the water level is measured every 0.5 hour or every 1 hour.
As shown in fig. 4-6, the technical scheme of the invention also provides a method for arranging a water level monitoring system in a dumping site in an open pit, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and (5) dividing a safety area, a warning area and a high-risk area in advance according to the underground water outlet condition in the soil discharging range.
S2: after the peeled object is discharged and the soil discharging step 200 is formed, a plurality of monitoring holes 202 are bored downward on the soil discharging step 200.
Wherein, the hole distance of the adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the safety area is larger than the hole distance of the adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the guard area is larger than the hole distance of the adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the high-risk area.
S3: a set of the water level monitoring apparatus 100 according to any one of the previous embodiments is installed in each of the monitoring holes 202.
S4: a wiring pipe 203 is embedded above the soil discharging step 200, the wiring pipe 203 extends towards the strip mine end slope 201, and the wiring pipe 203 is communicated with each monitoring hole 202.
The wire harness on the water level monitoring apparatus 100 is passed out through the wire pipe 203 and connected to an external monitoring device.
S5: steps S2 to S4 are sequentially performed until the water level monitoring devices 100 are installed on all the soil discharging steps 200, and each of the water level monitoring devices 100 is connected to the monitoring apparatus.
The arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dumping site in the strip mine provided by the invention is characterized in that the water level monitoring device 100 is arranged on the dumping steps 200, and the required water level monitoring device 100 is correspondingly arranged every time a layer of dumping steps 200 is formed.
First, a safe area, a warning area and a high-risk area need to be determined according to the underground water outlet condition in the soil discharging range for the density reference of the subsequent monitoring holes 202.
The height of the soil discharging step 200 is generally 25-35m. After each stripping to form a layer of the soil discharging step 200, a plurality of monitoring holes 202 are drilled downwards on the soil discharging step 200, and the lower ends of the monitoring holes 202 extend below the soil discharging step 200 of the current layer by about 3 m. Two or more rows of monitoring holes 202 may be arranged, with the monitoring holes 202 being arranged in a "well" pattern.
The hole distance between adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the safety area is greater than the hole distance between adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the warning area and greater than the hole distance between adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the high-risk area, and the arrangement density of the monitoring holes 202 is determined according to the area type, so that the monitoring cost can be effectively reduced, and the reliability of a monitoring system can be improved.
The installed water level monitoring apparatus 100 is inserted into the monitoring hole 202.
Then, a wiring pipe 203 is embedded above the soil discharging step 200, the wiring pipe 203 extends towards the end wall of the strip mine, and the wiring pipe 203 is communicated with each monitoring hole 202 through a branch pipe 204.
The wire harness on the water level monitoring apparatus 100 is passed out through the wire pipe 203 and then connected to an external monitoring device (computer, analyzer, etc.). The wiring pipe 203 is a steel pipe.
Each time one layer of the soil discharging steps 200 is formed, steps S2 to S4 are sequentially performed until the water level monitoring devices 100 are installed on all the soil discharging steps 200, and each water level monitoring device 100 is connected with the monitoring apparatus.
When drilling holes on the next-layer soil discharging step 200, the monitoring holes 202 and the monitoring lines of the previous-layer soil discharging step 200 should be avoided, but the holes are arranged within a range of 5m around the monitoring holes 202 of the previous-layer soil discharging step 200 as much as possible, so as to reduce the monitoring result errors caused by position deviation.
Therefore, the arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dumping site in the strip mine accurately divides the influence area in the dumping site, determines the arrangement density of the monitoring holes 202 and the water level monitoring device 100 according to the type of the influence area, can effectively reduce the monitoring cost and improves the reliability of the monitoring system. The traditional ultra-deep monitoring hole arrangement is changed into short and small monitoring holes arranged on the soil discharging step 200, so that the collapse of drilling holes can be effectively prevented, and the drilling cost is reduced. The wiring harnesses are arranged in an embedded mode, so that the climate influence of intense heat, severe cold and the like can be reduced, the wired signal transmission and power supply of the system are realized, and the operation reliability of the monitoring system is improved.
In one embodiment, the method for arranging the water level monitoring system in the dumping site in the strip mine further comprises the following steps:
an end-slope borehole 205 is constructed into the strip mine end slope 201 to communicate with the wiring pipe 203. The end wall drilling 205 is a directional drilling, and is internally provided with a drilling sleeve so as to be connected with the wiring pipe 203, thereby realizing the communication between the outside and the wiring pipe 203.
In one embodiment, step S1 includes:
continuously monitoring and analyzing the accumulated water yield of a single water outlet point or closely connected water outlet points to be V within 1 year d The actual infiltration amount of atmospheric precipitation into the interior of the dumping site on 1 hectare area is V j Total water volume v=v d +V j 。
When V is more than or equal to 10000m 3 When the water outlet point is a high-risk water outlet point, the high-risk water outlet point is used as a circle center, and the area with the radius of 500m is used as a high-risk area.
When 1000m 3 ≤V＜10000m 3 And when the water outlet point is a warning water outlet point, the region with the radius of 300m and the center of the warning water outlet point is taken as a warning region.
When V is less than 1000m 3 And when the water outlet point is a safe water outlet point, the area with the radius of 200m and the center of the safe water outlet point is a safe area.
The degree of influence ordering is: high risk zone > alert zone > safe zone.
When two or three areas among the safety area, the warning area and the high-risk area are overlapped, the overlapped area is divided into one with large influence degree.
In one embodiment, the pitch of adjacent monitor holes 202 in the safety zone is between 400m-600 m. The pitch of adjacent monitor holes 202 in the guard area is between 100m-300 m. The pitch of adjacent monitor holes 202 in the high risk area is between 10m-80 m.
In summary, the water level monitoring device for the strip mine dumping site provided by the invention can accurately detect the water level in the monitoring hole, has a stable structure, is convenient to assemble, and has a long service life.
According to the water level monitoring device for the surface mine dumping site, the water permeable holes are respectively formed in the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, so that water in a stratum of the dumping site can smoothly permeate into the inner sleeve. A filter screen is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, so that sand and gravel can be effectively blocked from entering the inner sleeve. The guide groove is arranged in the inner sleeve, so that the sliding bracket can be ensured to slide up and down horizontally under the condition of water level change, and the deflection of the reflector is prevented from influencing data measurement. The interval time of laser range finder emission laser beam detection is adjusted in real time according to the water level change, reduces equipment loss when guaranteeing measurement accuracy, and increase of service life effectively reduces system cost.
According to the arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dumping site in the strip mine, the influence area in the dumping site is accurately divided, the arrangement density of the monitoring holes and the water level monitoring device is determined according to the type of the influence area, the monitoring cost can be effectively reduced, and the reliability of the monitoring system is improved. The traditional ultra-deep monitoring hole arrangement is changed into short and small monitoring holes arranged on the soil discharging step, so that the collapse of drilling holes can be effectively prevented, and the drilling cost is reduced. The wiring harnesses are arranged in an embedded mode, so that the climate influence of intense heat, severe cold and the like can be reduced, the wired signal transmission and power supply of the system are realized, and the operation reliability of the monitoring system is improved.
The above technical schemes can be combined according to the need to achieve the best technical effect.
What has been described above is merely illustrative of the principles and preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that several other variants are possible to those skilled in the art on the basis of the principle of the invention and should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The water level monitoring device for the strip mine dumping site is characterized by comprising an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, a sleeve cap, a sliding bracket, a reflecting mirror and a laser range finder;
the inner sleeve is sleeved in the outer sleeve, and a guide groove extending along the axial direction is formed in the inner surface of the inner sleeve;
the sliding bracket is positioned in the inner sleeve;
the sliding bracket comprises an annular bracket for mounting the reflector and a sliding plate connected to the outer side of the annular bracket, the sliding plate is in clearance fit with the guide groove, and the reflector is mounted on the annular bracket;
the sleeve cap is arranged on the top of the outer sleeve, and the laser range finder is arranged on the sleeve cap and faces the reflecting mirror;
when water exists in the inner sleeve, the reflecting mirror floats on the water surface and can move up and down along with the lifting of the water level;
the laser beam emission interval time T of the laser range finder is adjusted according to the water level change rate delta h, and the laser range finder is specifically executed according to the following formula:
T＝min(T 1 ，T 2 )；
wherein: k (k) 1 ，k 2 As time interval coefficients, units: hours/mm;
arithmetic symbolRepresenting that a minimum value X exists in the calculation formula, wherein X is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1;
when Deltah is less than or equal to 2,<|Δh|-2>=0, then T 1 ＝24；
When Deltah > 2, and 0 < K 1 <|Δh|-2>When < 23, T 1 ＝24-K 1 <|Δh|-2>；
Δh > 2, and K 1 <|Δh|-2>When not less than 23, T 1 ＝X；
Formula (VI)Representing the sum of the n measured values of Δh of the most recent measurement, where n is a natural number > 2;
when (when)When (I)>
When (when)At the time T 2 ＝X。
2. The water level monitoring device for use in a strip mine dumping site of claim 1, wherein a plurality of inner sleeve water inlet holes are formed in the wall of the inner sleeve, and a plurality of outer sleeve water inlet holes are formed in the wall of the outer sleeve;
a filter screen is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve.
3. The water level monitoring device for use in a strip mine dump as set forth in claim 1, wherein said guide slot is dovetail-shaped and, correspondingly, said slide plate is dovetail-shaped.
4. The water level monitoring device for use in a strip mine dumping site as in claim 1, wherein said inner sleeve has a plurality of said guide slots uniformly disposed on an inner surface thereof, said annular bracket has a plurality of said slide plates uniformly disposed thereon, each of said slide plates being in clearance fit with one of said guide slots.
5. The water level monitoring device for use in a strip mine dump as set forth in claim 1, wherein X = 0.5 or 1.
6. The arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dumping site in the strip mine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the method comprises the steps of dividing a safety area, a warning area and a high-risk area in advance according to underground water outlet conditions in a soil discharging range;
s2: after the stripping material is discharged and the soil discharging step is formed, drilling holes downwards on the soil discharging step to form a plurality of monitoring holes;
wherein, the hole pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes in the safety area is larger than the hole pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes in the guard area, and the hole pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes in the high-risk area is larger than the hole pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes in the guard area;
s3: installing a set of water level monitoring devices according to any one of claims 1-5 in each of said monitoring holes;
s4: a wiring pipe is pre-buried above the soil discharging step, extends towards the end wall of the strip mine, and is communicated with each monitoring hole;
the wire harness on the water level monitoring device passes through the wire harness pipe and is connected with external monitoring equipment;
s5: and (2) sequentially executing the steps S2-S4 until the water level monitoring devices are installed on all the soil discharging steps, and connecting each water level monitoring device with the monitoring equipment.
7. The method of arranging a water level monitoring system in an in-strip mine dumping site of claim 6, further comprising the steps of:
and drilling holes on the construction end walls of the open pit to be communicated with the wiring pipe.
8. The method for arranging a water level monitoring system in an in-strip mine dumping site as set forth in claim 6, wherein,
the step S1 includes:
continuously monitoring and analyzing the accumulated water yield of a single water outlet point or closely connected water outlet points to be V within 1 year d The actual infiltration amount of atmospheric precipitation into the interior of the dumping site on 1 hectare area is V j Total water volume v=v d +V j ；
When V is more than or equal to 10000m 3 When the water outlet point is a high-risk water outlet point, and a region with the high-risk water outlet point as a circle center and the radius of 500m is a high-risk region;
when 1000m 3 ≤V＜10000m 3 When the water outlet point is a warning water outlet point, the region with the radius of 300m and the center of the warning water outlet point is taken as a warning region;
when V is less than 1000m 3 When the water outlet point is a safe water outlet point, and a region with the radius of 200m and the center of the safe water outlet point is taken as a safe region;
the degree of influence ordering is: the high-risk area > the warning area > the safety area;
when two or three areas among the safety area, the warning area and the high-risk area are overlapped, the overlapped area is classified as one with larger influence degree.
9. The method for arranging a water level monitoring system in an in-strip mine dumping site as set forth in claim 8, wherein,
the hole distance between adjacent monitoring holes in the safety area is 400-600 m;
the hole distance between the adjacent monitoring holes in the warning area is 100m-300 m;
the hole distance between the adjacent monitoring holes in the high-risk area is between 10m and 80 m.
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