CN113686413A - Water level monitoring device and arrangement method of water level monitoring system in earth discharge field in strip mine - Google Patents
Water level monitoring device and arrangement method of water level monitoring system in earth discharge field in strip mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686413A CN113686413A CN202110969858.9A CN202110969858A CN113686413A CN 113686413 A CN113686413 A CN 113686413A CN 202110969858 A CN202110969858 A CN 202110969858A CN 113686413 A CN113686413 A CN 113686413A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005442 atmospheric precipitation Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
- G01F23/292—Light, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet
Abstract
The invention discloses a water level monitoring device and an arrangement method of a water level monitoring system in an earth discharge field in a strip mine. The water level monitoring device for the strip mine refuse dump disclosed by the invention can accurately detect the water level in the monitoring hole, and has the advantages of stable structure, convenience in assembly and long service life. The arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dump in the strip mine accurately divides the influence area in the dump, determines the arrangement density of the monitoring holes and the water level monitoring devices according to the type of the influence area, can effectively reduce the monitoring cost and improve the reliability of the monitoring system. The traditional ultra-deep monitoring holes are changed into short monitoring holes arranged on the soil discharging steps, so that the collapse of the drilled holes can be effectively prevented, and the drilling cost is reduced. The wire harness and the like are arranged in an embedded mode, so that the influence of climate such as severe heat and severe cold can be reduced, wired signal transmission and power supply of the system are realized, and the operation reliability of the monitoring system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strip mines, in particular to a water level monitoring device and an arrangement method of a water level monitoring system in an earth discharge field in a strip mine.
Background
The open pit dump is formed by stacking a large number of loose materials, and although the loose materials are compacted to a certain degree in the disposal process, the cementation of rock and soil bodies is still poor, the pore connectivity is good, and the open pit dump has good water storage and water seepage conditions. In areas with rainfall or abundant underground water, long-term water erosion easily causes underground water and atmospheric rainfall to permeate into the interior of the dump, so that the water level in the dump is increased, the properties and stress conditions of rock and soil mass are changed, and side slope instability is seriously and even possibly caused. In order to monitor the underground water level change in the dump in time so as to take corresponding treatment measures, water level monitoring drill holes are required to be arranged in the dump. At present, the water level is monitored by adopting a mode of drilling from the uppermost step to the lowermost step of the refuse dump at one time, but the cementing property of loose materials of the refuse dump is poor, accidents such as hole collapse and the like are very easy to occur in the drilling process of monitoring holes, particularly monitoring holes with large depth, even if the drilling of the monitoring holes is successful, the later maintenance is difficult, the monitoring cost is obviously increased, and the arrangement density and the monitoring effect of the monitoring holes are further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water level monitoring device and an arrangement method of a water level monitoring system in an earth dump in a strip mine, which are suitable for the earth dump in the strip mine, can effectively monitor water level change, and are simple in structure and convenient to construct.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a water level monitoring device for an open pit mine waste dump, which comprises an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, a sleeve cap, a sliding bracket, a reflector and a laser range finder, wherein the outer sleeve is fixedly connected with the inner sleeve;
the inner sleeve is sleeved in the outer sleeve, and a guide groove extending along the axial direction is arranged on the inner surface of the inner sleeve;
the sliding bracket is positioned in the inner sleeve;
the sliding bracket comprises an annular bracket for mounting the reflector and a sliding plate connected to the outer side of the annular bracket, the sliding plate is in clearance fit with the guide groove, and the reflector is mounted on the annular bracket;
the sleeve cap is arranged at the top of the outer sleeve, and the laser range finder is arranged on the sleeve cap and faces the reflector;
when water exists in the inner sleeve, the reflector floats on the water surface and can move up and down along with the rise and fall of the water level.
In one optional technical scheme, the pipe wall of the inner sleeve is provided with a plurality of inner sleeve water inlet holes, and the pipe wall of the outer sleeve is provided with a plurality of outer sleeve water inlet holes;
and a filter screen is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve.
In one alternative, the guide slot is dovetail-shaped, and correspondingly, the slide plate is dovetail-shaped.
In an optional technical scheme, a plurality of guide grooves are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the inner sleeve, a plurality of sliding plates are uniformly distributed on the annular bracket, and each sliding plate is in clearance fit with one guide groove.
In one optional technical solution, the laser beam emitting interval time T of the laser range finder is adjusted according to the water level change rate Δ h, and is specifically executed according to the following formula:
T＝min(T1，T2)；
in the formula: k is a radical of1，k2Is the time interval coefficient, unit: h/mm;
operation sign
The minimum value X exists in the calculation formula, wherein X is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1;
when the delta h is less than or equal to 2,<|Δh|-2>when the value is 0, then T1＝24；
When Δ h > 2 and 0 < K1<|Δh|-2>At < 23, T1＝24-K1<|Δh|-2>；
Δ h > 2, and K1<|Δh|-2>When T is more than or equal to 23, T1＝X；
Formula (II)
Represents the sum of the measured values of n times of Δ h measured recently, wherein n is a natural number > 2;
when in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when in use
When, T2＝X。
In one optional embodiment, X is 0.5 or 1.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides an arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dump in the strip mine, which comprises the following steps:
s1: in the soil discharging range, according to the underground water outlet condition, a safety region, a warning region and a high-risk region are divided in advance;
s2: after the stripping materials are discarded and a soil discharging step is formed, drilling downwards on the soil discharging step to form a plurality of monitoring holes;
the distance between adjacent monitoring holes in the safety area is larger than the distance between adjacent monitoring holes in the warning area and is larger than the distance between adjacent monitoring holes in the high-risk area;
s3: each monitoring hole is provided with a set of water level monitoring device in any one of the technical schemes;
s4: pre-burying a wiring pipe above the soil discharge step, wherein the wiring pipe extends towards the end slope of the strip mine and is communicated with each monitoring hole;
the wiring harness on the water level monitoring device penetrates out of the wiring pipe and is connected with external monitoring equipment;
s5: steps S2-S4 are sequentially performed until the water level monitoring devices are mounted on all the soil discharging steps, and each of the water level monitoring devices is connected to the monitoring apparatus.
In an optional technical solution, the arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dump in the strip mine further includes the following steps:
and drilling holes at the end slope in the open pit mine end slope construction so as to be communicated with the wiring pipe.
In one optional technical solution, the step S1 includes:
continuously monitoring and analyzing the accumulated water yield V of a single water outlet point or closely connected water outlet points within 1 yeardThe water amount of atmospheric precipitation actually seeping into the waste dump in 1 hectare area is VjTotal water amount V ═ Vd+Vj；
When V is more than or equal to 10000m3When the water outlet point is a high-risk water outlet point, an area with the high-risk water outlet point as a circle center and the radius of 500m is a high-risk area;
when the diameter is 1000m3≤V＜10000m3When the water outlet point is a warning water outlet point, taking the warning water outlet point as a circle center and taking a region with the radius of 300m as a warning region;
when V is less than 1000m3When the water outlet point is a safe water outlet point, an area with the safe water outlet point as a circle center and the radius of 200m is taken as a safe area;
the degree of influence is ranked as: the high-risk area > the alert area > the safe area;
when two or three areas among the safety area, the warning area and the high-risk area are overlapped, the overlapped area is divided into the area with a large influence degree.
In one optional technical scheme, the hole distance of the adjacent monitoring holes in the safety area is between 400 and 600 m;
the hole distance of the adjacent monitoring holes in the warning area is between 100m and 300 m;
and the hole distance between the adjacent monitoring holes in the high-risk area is between 10m and 80 m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the water level monitoring device for the strip mine refuse dump provided by the invention can accurately detect the water level in the monitoring hole, and has the advantages of stable structure, convenience in assembly and long service life.
According to the water level monitoring device for the strip mine waste dump, the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are respectively provided with the water permeable holes, so that water in the waste dump stratum can smoothly permeate into the inner sleeve. A filter screen is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, so that sand and stone can be effectively blocked from entering the inner sleeve. The guide groove is arranged in the inner sleeve, so that the sliding bracket can be ensured to be capable of keeping horizontal up-and-down sliding under the condition of water level change, and the influence of deflection of the reflector on data measurement is avoided. The interval time for detecting by the laser range finder emitting laser beams is adjusted in real time according to water level changes, so that the equipment loss is reduced while the measurement accuracy is ensured, the service life is prolonged, and the system cost is effectively reduced.
The arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dumping field in the strip mine accurately divides the influence area in the dumping field, determines the arrangement density of the monitoring holes and the water level monitoring devices according to the type of the influence area, can effectively reduce the monitoring cost and improve the reliability of the monitoring system. The traditional ultra-deep monitoring holes are changed into short monitoring holes arranged on the soil discharging steps, so that the collapse of the drilled holes can be effectively prevented, and the drilling cost is reduced. The wire harness and the like are arranged in an embedded mode, so that the influence of climate such as severe heat and severe cold can be reduced, wired signal transmission and power supply of the system are realized, and the operation reliability of the monitoring system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a water level monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken along an axial direction;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a water level monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken along a radial direction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mirror mounted on a sliding carriage;
fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a water level monitoring device respectively installed on an upper discharging step and a lower discharging step in the method for arranging the water level monitoring system in the discharging yard in the strip mine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of monitoring holes and wiring pipes on a soil discharging step;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the communication between the end wall bore and the wiring conduit.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a water level monitoring apparatus 100 for a strip mine waste dump according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an outer casing 1, an inner casing 2, a casing cap 3, a sliding bracket 5, a reflecting mirror 6, and a laser range finder 7.
The inner sleeve 2 is sleeved in the outer sleeve 1, and a guide groove 22 extending along the axial direction is arranged on the inner surface of the inner sleeve 2.
The sliding carriage 5 is located in the inner sleeve 2.
The sliding bracket 5 includes an annular bracket 51 for mounting the reflecting mirror 6 and a sliding plate 52 attached to an outer side of the annular bracket 51, the sliding plate 52 is loosely fitted with the guide groove 22, and the reflecting mirror 6 is mounted on the annular bracket 51.
The casing cap 3 is mounted on top of the outer casing 1 and the laser range finder 7 is mounted on the casing cap 3 and faces the reflector 6.
When water is in the inner sleeve 2, the reflector 6 floats on the water surface and can move up and down along with the rise and fall of the water level.
The water level monitoring device 100 provided by the invention is used for being installed on a soil discharging step in an open-pit mine soil discharging field so as to monitor the water level in the soil discharging step.
The inner sleeve 2 of the monitoring device 100 is located in the outer sleeve 1, and both the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 1 are metal tubes. The sleeve cap 3 is screwed on the upper end of the outer sleeve 1 and seals the inner sleeve 2. The bottom of the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 1 is open, from which water can enter the inner sleeve 2. According to the requirement, the bottom openings of the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 1 are provided with filter screens.
The inner sleeve 2 has a guide groove 22 extending in the axial direction of the inner sleeve 2 for guiding the up and down movement of the sliding bracket 5.
The sliding bracket 5 includes an annular bracket 51 and a sliding plate 52 attached to an outer side of the annular bracket 51, one end of the sliding plate 52 is loosely fitted with the guide groove 22, and the reflecting mirror 6 is detachably mounted on the annular bracket 51. A laser range finder 7 is mounted on the casing cap 3 and faces the mirror 6.
When water exists in the inner sleeve 2, the sliding bracket 5 and the reflector 6 are subjected to buoyancy, can float on the water surface and can move up and down in the inner sleeve 2 along with the rise and fall of the water level.
The laser range finder 7 measures the water level through the laser beam that sends to reflector 6, and reflector 6 reflects the laser beam back to laser range finder 7, and the distance between reflector 6 and the laser range finder 7 can be calculated through the propagation time of laser beam to laser range finder 7 to learn the water level in inner sleeve 2.
During the use, laser range finder 7 is connected with outside monitoring facilities (computer, analysis appearance etc.), and the water level in inner skleeve 2 is known to user's accessible monitoring facilities to confirm the water level of soil discharging step, provide water level parameter for follow-up construction.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2, the inner casing 2 has a plurality of inner casing water inlets 21 on the wall thereof, and the outer casing 1 has a plurality of outer casing water inlets 11 on the wall thereof.
A filter screen 4 is arranged between the inner sleeve 2 and the outer sleeve 1.
Water in the drilled hole or the monitoring hole enters through the outer sleeve water inlet hole 11, is filtered by the filter screen 4 and then enters the inner sleeve 2 through the inner sleeve water inlet hole 21.
The aperture of the outer sleeve water inlet hole 11 and the inner sleeve water inlet hole 21 is about 10mm, and the hole distribution density is not less than 100 mm/hole. The filter screen 4 is a steel gauze with the aperture of 1-2 mm.
In one embodiment, the guide slot 22 is dovetail-shaped, and accordingly, the sliding plate 52 is dovetail-shaped, so that the sliding plate 52 is prevented from being separated from the guide slot 22, and the stability of the sliding bracket 5 during the up-and-down movement is improved.
In one embodiment, a plurality of guide grooves 22 are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the inner sleeve 2, a plurality of sliding plates 52 are uniformly distributed on the annular bracket 51, and each sliding plate 52 is in clearance fit with one guide groove 22, so that the sliding bracket 5 integrally moves up and down horizontally, and the reflector 6 can be effectively prevented from inclining.
In one embodiment, the laser beam emitting interval T of the laser range finder 7 is adjusted according to the water level change rate Δ h, and is specifically performed according to the following formula:
T＝min(T1，T2)；
in the formula: k is a radical of1，k2Is time of dayInterval coefficient, unit: hours/mm.
Operation sign
The minimum value X exists in the formula, wherein X is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
When the delta h is less than or equal to 2,<|Δh|-2>when the value is 0, then T1＝24。
When Δ h > 2 and 0 < K1<|Δh|-2>At < 23, T1＝24-K1<|Δh|-2>。
Δ h > 2, and K1<|Δh|-2>When T is more than or equal to 23, T1＝X。
Formula (II)
Represents the sum of the measured values of n times of Δ h measured recently, wherein n is a natural number > 2.
When in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when in use
When, T2＝X。
That is, the laser range finder 7 does not need to perform monitoring, and the interval of monitoring the emitted laser beam is related to the water level change rate Δ h, and the unit of Δ h is mm/s. Δ h is the amount of change in the water level per unit time in the inner sleeve 2. The time interval is T, T is T1And T2Minimum value of (1).
T1For the main calculation, T2For auxiliary calculation, to make up for T1The computing vulnerability of (1).
About T1The calculation is as follows:
when the delta h is less than or equal to 2,<|Δh|-2>when the value is 0, then T124. When Δ h > 2 and 0 < K1<|Δh|-2>At < 23, T1＝24-K1<|Δh|-2>. Δ h > 2, and K1<|Δh|-2>When T is more than or equal to 23, T1＝X。
For example, the following steps are carried out: if Δ h is 1, then T124, indicating that it is required to measure every 24 hours. If Δ h is 10, K1<|Δh|-2>When 20, then T124-20-4, meaning that measurements were taken every 4 hours. If Δ h is 20, K1<|Δh|-2>When the value is 30, then T1The minimum value of the formula, X, is taken to indicate that the measurement is required every X hours.
If the absolute value of each monitoring of the delta h is less than or equal to 2, but the accumulated delta h of multiple monitoring is greater than 2, and if the factor is not considered, the monitoring omission easily occurs, and T is provided2The calculation method of (2):
When in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when in use
When, T2＝X。
For example, the following steps are carried out: suppose that
Then T224-21-3, meaning that measurements were taken every 3 hours. Suppose that
Then T2The minimum value of the formula, X, is taken to indicate that the measurement is required every X hours.
Comparing each calculated T1And T2And selecting one with smaller value as T.
In one embodiment, X is 0.5 or 1, indicating that when the Δ h conversion rate is large, the monitoring interval needs to be reduced, preferably measuring the water level every 0.5 hours or every 1 hour.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the technical solution of the present invention further provides an arrangement method of a water level monitoring system in an earth dump in a strip mine, comprising the following steps:
s1: and in the soil discharging range, a safety region, a warning region and a high-risk region are divided in advance according to the underground water outlet condition.
S2: after the strippings are discarded and the soil removal step 200 is formed, a plurality of monitoring holes 202 are drilled down the soil removal step 200.
The pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the safety area is greater than the pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the warning area is greater than the pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the high-risk area.
S3: each monitoring hole 202 is provided with a set of water level monitoring device 100 according to any one of the previous embodiments.
S4: the wiring pipe 203 is embedded above the soil discharging step 200, the wiring pipe 203 extends towards the end slope 201 of the open pit mine, and the wiring pipe 203 is communicated with each monitoring hole 202.
The wire harness of the water level monitoring device 100 is led out through the wiring pipe 203 and connected to an external monitoring device.
S5: the steps S2-S4 are sequentially performed until the water level monitoring devices 100 are mounted on all the soil discharging steps 200, and each water level monitoring device 100 is connected to the monitoring apparatus.
According to the arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dump in the strip mine, the water level monitoring devices 100 are arranged on the dumping steps 200, and the required water level monitoring devices 100 are correspondingly arranged when one layer of the dumping step 200 is formed.
Firstly, a safety zone, an alert zone and a high-risk zone are determined according to the underground water discharge condition in the soil discharging range for density reference of the subsequent monitoring holes 202.
The height of the soil discharging step 200 is generally 25-35 m. After a layer of soil discharging step 200 is formed by stripping, a plurality of monitoring holes 202 are formed by drilling downwards on the soil discharging step 200, and the lower ends of the monitoring holes 202 extend out of the soil discharging step 200 of the current layer by about 3 m. Two or more rows of monitoring holes 202 may be arranged, the monitoring holes 202 being arranged in a "well" shape.
The pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the safety area is larger than the pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the warning area and is larger than the pitch of the adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the high-risk area, the arrangement density of the monitoring holes 202 is determined according to the area type, the monitoring cost can be effectively reduced, and the reliability of the monitoring system is improved.
The mounted water level monitoring apparatus 100 is inserted into the monitoring hole 202.
Then, a wiring pipe 203 is pre-buried above the soil discharging step 200, the wiring pipe 203 extends towards the end slope of the open pit mine, and the wiring pipe 203 is communicated with each monitoring hole 202 through a branch pipe 204.
The wire harness of the water level monitoring apparatus 100 is passed out through the wiring pipe 203 and then connected to an external monitoring device (computer, analyzer, etc.). The wiring duct 203 is a steel pipe.
Each time one discharging step 200 is formed, the steps S2-S4 are sequentially performed until the water level monitoring devices 100 are mounted on all the discharging steps 200, and each water level monitoring device 100 is connected to a monitoring apparatus.
When drilling on the next layer of the soil discharging step 200, the monitoring holes 202 and the monitoring lines of the previous layer of the soil discharging step 200 are avoided, but the monitoring holes are arranged within 5m around the monitoring holes 202 of the previous layer of the soil discharging step 200 as much as possible, so that the monitoring result error caused by position deviation is reduced.
Therefore, according to the arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dump in the strip mine, the influence area in the dump is accurately divided, the arrangement density of the monitoring holes 202 and the water level monitoring devices 100 is determined according to the type of the influence area, the monitoring cost can be effectively reduced, and the reliability of the monitoring system is improved. The traditional ultra-deep monitoring hole arrangement is changed into a short monitoring hole arranged on the dumping step 200, so that the collapse of the drilling hole can be effectively prevented, and the drilling cost is reduced. The wire harness and the like are arranged in an embedded mode, so that the influence of climate such as severe heat and severe cold can be reduced, wired signal transmission and power supply of the system are realized, and the operation reliability of the monitoring system is improved.
In one embodiment, the method for arranging the water level monitoring system in the dump in the strip mine further comprises the following steps:
an end slope borehole 205 is constructed into the open pit end slope 201 to communicate with the wiring conduit 203. The end wall bore 205 is a directional bore, and a bore casing is installed therein to be connected to the wiring conduit 203, thereby achieving communication between the outside and the wiring conduit 203.
In one embodiment, step S1 includes:
continuously monitoring and analyzing the accumulated water yield V of a single water outlet point or closely connected water outlet points within 1 yeardThe water amount of atmospheric precipitation actually seeping into the waste dump in 1 hectare area is VjTotal water amount V ═ Vd+Vj。
When V is more than or equal to 10000m3And in the time, the water outlet point is a high-risk water outlet point, and the area with the high-risk water outlet point as the center and the radius of 500m is a high-risk area.
When the diameter is 1000m3≤V＜10000m3When the water outlet point is the warning water outlet point, the area with the radius of 300m and the warning water outlet point as the circle center is used as the warning area.
When V is less than 1000m3And in the process, the water outlet point is a safe water outlet point, and the area with the safe water outlet point as the circle center and the radius of 200m is a safe area.
The degree of influence is ranked as: high-risk area > alert area > safe area.
When two or three of the safety area, the warning area and the high-risk area are overlapped, the overlapped area is divided into the area with a large influence degree.
In one embodiment, adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the safe area are spaced between 400m-600m apart. The pitch of adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the warning area is between 100m and 300 m. The hole pitch of adjacent monitoring holes 202 in the high risk area is between 10m and 80 m.
In conclusion, the water level monitoring device for the strip mine waste dump, provided by the invention, can accurately detect the water level in the monitoring hole, is stable in structure, convenient to assemble and long in service life.
According to the water level monitoring device for the strip mine waste dump, the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are respectively provided with the water permeable holes, so that water in the waste dump stratum can smoothly permeate into the inner sleeve. A filter screen is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, so that sand and stone can be effectively blocked from entering the inner sleeve. The guide groove is arranged in the inner sleeve, so that the sliding bracket can be ensured to be capable of keeping horizontal up-and-down sliding under the condition of water level change, and the influence of deflection of the reflector on data measurement is avoided. The interval time for detecting by the laser range finder emitting laser beams is adjusted in real time according to water level changes, so that the equipment loss is reduced while the measurement accuracy is ensured, the service life is prolonged, and the system cost is effectively reduced.
The arrangement method of the water level monitoring system in the dumping field in the strip mine accurately divides the influence area in the dumping field, determines the arrangement density of the monitoring holes and the water level monitoring devices according to the type of the influence area, can effectively reduce the monitoring cost and improve the reliability of the monitoring system. The traditional ultra-deep monitoring holes are changed into short monitoring holes arranged on the soil discharging steps, so that the collapse of the drilled holes can be effectively prevented, and the drilling cost is reduced. The wire harness and the like are arranged in an embedded mode, so that the influence of climate such as severe heat and severe cold can be reduced, wired signal transmission and power supply of the system are realized, and the operation reliability of the monitoring system is improved.
According to the needs, the above technical schemes can be combined to achieve the best technical effect.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several other modifications can be made on the basis of the principle of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be regarded.
Claims (10)
1. A water level monitoring device for an open pit mine refuse dump is characterized by comprising an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, a sleeve cap, a sliding bracket, a reflector and a laser range finder;
the inner sleeve is sleeved in the outer sleeve, and a guide groove extending along the axial direction is arranged on the inner surface of the inner sleeve;
the sliding bracket is positioned in the inner sleeve;
the sliding bracket comprises an annular bracket for mounting the reflector and a sliding plate connected to the outer side of the annular bracket, the sliding plate is in clearance fit with the guide groove, and the reflector is mounted on the annular bracket;
the sleeve cap is arranged at the top of the outer sleeve, and the laser range finder is arranged on the sleeve cap and faces the reflector;
when water exists in the inner sleeve, the reflector floats on the water surface and can move up and down along with the rise and fall of the water level.
2. The water level monitoring device for use in an open pit mine dump according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of inner casing water inlets are provided on a wall of the inner casing, and a plurality of outer casing water inlets are provided on a wall of the outer casing;
and a filter screen is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve.
3. The water level monitoring device for use in an open pit mine dump according to claim 1, wherein the guide channel is dovetail shaped and, correspondingly, the slide plate is dovetail shaped.
4. The water level monitoring apparatus for use in an open pit mine dump according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said guide slots are uniformly distributed on an inner surface of said inner casing, a plurality of said slide plates are uniformly distributed on said ring shaped bracket, and each of said slide plates is in clearance fit with one of said guide slots.
5. The water level monitoring apparatus for use in a strip mine dump according to claim 1, wherein a laser beam emitting interval time T of the laser rangefinder is adjusted according to a water level change rate Δ h, specifically according to the following formula:
T＝min(T1，T2)；
in the formula: k is a radical of1，k2Is the time interval coefficient, unit: h/mm;
operation sign
The minimum value X exists in the calculation formula, wherein X is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1;
when the delta h is less than or equal to 2,<|Δh|-2>when the value is 0, then T1＝24；
When Δ h > 2 and 0 < K1<|Δh|-2>At < 23, T1＝24-K1<|Δh|-2>；
Δ h > 2, and K1<|Δh|-2>When T is more than or equal to 23, T1＝X；
Formula (II)
Represents the sum of the measured values of n times of Δ h measured recently, wherein n is a natural number > 2;
when in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when in use
When, T2＝X。
6. The water level monitoring device for use in a strip mine dump according to claim 5, wherein X is 0.5 or 1.
7. A method for arranging a water level monitoring system in an earth discharge field in an open pit mine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: in the soil discharging range, according to the underground water outlet condition, a safety region, a warning region and a high-risk region are divided in advance;
s2: after the stripping materials are discarded and a soil discharging step is formed, drilling downwards on the soil discharging step to form a plurality of monitoring holes;
the distance between adjacent monitoring holes in the safety area is larger than the distance between adjacent monitoring holes in the warning area and is larger than the distance between adjacent monitoring holes in the high-risk area;
s3: installing a set of water level monitoring device as claimed in any one of claims 1-6 in each monitoring hole;
s4: pre-burying a wiring pipe above the soil discharge step, wherein the wiring pipe extends towards the end slope of the strip mine and is communicated with each monitoring hole;
the wiring harness on the water level monitoring device penetrates out of the wiring pipe and is connected with external monitoring equipment;
s5: steps S2-S4 are sequentially performed until the water level monitoring devices are mounted on all the soil discharging steps, and each of the water level monitoring devices is connected to the monitoring apparatus.
8. The method of positioning a water level monitoring system in an earth dump within a strip mine according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of:
and drilling holes at the end slope in the open pit mine end slope construction so as to be communicated with the wiring pipe.
9. The method of positioning a water level monitoring system in an earth dump in a strip mine according to claim 7,
the step S1 includes:
continuously monitoring and analyzing the accumulated water yield V of a single water outlet point or closely connected water outlet points within 1 yeardThe water amount of atmospheric precipitation actually seeping into the waste dump in 1 hectare area is VjTotal water amount V ═ Vd+Vj；
When V is more than or equal to 10000m3When the water outlet point is a high-risk water outlet point, an area with the high-risk water outlet point as a circle center and the radius of 500m is a high-risk area;
when V is more than or equal to 1000m3 and less than 10000m3When the water outlet point is a warning water outlet point, taking the warning water outlet point as a circle center and taking a region with the radius of 300m as a warning region;
when V is less than 1000m3When the water outlet point is a safe water outlet point, an area with the safe water outlet point as a circle center and the radius of 200m is taken as a safe area;
the degree of influence is ranked as: the high-risk area > the alert area > the safe area;
when two or three areas among the safety area, the warning area and the high-risk area are overlapped, the overlapped area is divided into the area with a large influence degree.
10. The method of positioning a water level monitoring system in an earth dump in a strip mine according to claim 9,
the hole distance of the adjacent monitoring holes in the safety area is between 400 and 600 m;
the hole distance of the adjacent monitoring holes in the warning area is between 100m and 300 m;
and the hole distance between the adjacent monitoring holes in the high-risk area is between 10m and 80 m.
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