CN113686220B - Rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank - Google Patents

Rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113686220B
CN113686220B CN202110950946.4A CN202110950946A CN113686220B CN 113686220 B CN113686220 B CN 113686220B CN 202110950946 A CN202110950946 A CN 202110950946A CN 113686220 B CN113686220 B CN 113686220B
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layer
shell
inner shell
outer shell
explosion
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CN113686220A (en
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卞晓兵
王涛
黄广炎
董奇
兰旭珂
冯加和
杨磊
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Institute of Chemical Material of CAEP
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Institute of Chemical Material of CAEP
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
    • F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
    • F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank provided by the invention has the characteristics of strong explosion-proof capability and high safety coefficient; and can restrain flame, the leakage of flame when avoiding exploding. The method comprises the following steps: the energy absorption device comprises a top cover, an outer shell, an interlayer filling body, an inner shell, a bottom energy absorption layer, a bottom filling body, a bottom buffer layer and a bottom support; the outer shell is a cylindrical structure with two open ends, the inner shell is a cylindrical structure with an open top and a closed bottom through a hemispherical shell; the outer shell is coaxially sleeved outside the inner shell, and the bottom of the outer shell is connected with the spherical surface of the bottom support in a penetrating manner; the interlayer filling body is filled in the annular interlayer between the outer shell and the cylindrical section of the inner shell; the top cover is used for closing the top opening of the outer shell; the bottom energy absorption layer is arranged at the joint of the cylindrical section and the hemispherical section in the inner shell; a bottom filling body is filled in a space enveloped by the bottom energy absorption layer and the hemispherical section of the inner shell; the bottom buffer layer is arranged in the outer shell and in a space enveloped by the outer shell, the inner shell hemispherical section and the bottom support.

Description

Rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank
Technical Field
The invention relates to an explosion-proof tank, in particular to a rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank, and belongs to the technical field of protective equipment.
Background
Explosion is a process of high-speed release of energy, which is extremely demanding for protection of explosion-proof equipment. The general principle of the current explosion-proof equipment mainly comprises an energy absorption type, a barrier type and a composite type.
Energy-absorbing type explosion-proof: the explosion-proof structure based on the energy-absorbing type explosion-proof principle generally mainly comprises composite materials, foamed aluminum, liquid and other deformable materials, and the explosion hazard is converted into harmless kinetic energy by utilizing the fact that the materials are greatly deformed or subjected to phase change after explosion, so that the protection effect is achieved. Its advantages are light weight and low secondary damage; the disadvantage is that it is prone to spatter, which needs to be within a certain safety distance.
Blocking type explosion prevention: the explosion-proof structure based on the blocking type explosion-proof principle is generally made of materials which are not easy to deform, such as rigid metal, concrete and the like, and can block shock waves after explosion to achieve the protection effect. The device has the advantages that the device does not splash, and can completely block explosives at one position; the disadvantage is that the weight is generally large, and secondary damage may occur under excessive explosion conditions.
Compound explosion-proof: the composite explosion-proof structure is generally characterized in that an energy-absorbing structure is arranged on the inner layer, and a blocking structure is arranged on the outer layer, so that the impact on the outer layer structure can be weakened by absorbing the explosion capacity of the inner layer, and the outer layer structure is generally a hard structure and can restrain fragments generated after explosion and the whole large deformation of the energy-absorbing structure inside the overall structure. And the other part adopts an inner layer rigid structure and an outer layer composite reinforced structure, for example, the inner layer adopts metal steel, and the outer layer adopts a spray polymer or fiber winding structure, so that the resistance of the whole structure is increased. Typical structures such as those proposed by ZL 201810815781.8, which use a tooth mesh structure, an inner layer made of high-strength steel, and an outer layer made of fiber material, can have good energy absorption effect by filling a multi-layer foamed aluminum structure at the top, but such a structure is not easy to open after explosion because the side wall is squeezed after the foamed aluminum is compressed by the shock wave, and the phenomenon of locking is easily caused. In addition, since it does not have a structure for suppressing flame itself, there is a leakage of flame at the moment of explosion.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank which has the characteristics of strong explosion-proof capability and high safety factor; and can restrain flame, the leakage of flame when avoiding exploding.
The rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank comprises: the energy absorption device comprises a top cover, an outer shell, an interlayer filling body, an inner shell, a bottom energy absorption layer, a bottom filling body, a bottom buffer layer and a bottom support;
the outer shell is of a cylindrical structure with openings at two ends, the inner shell is of a cylindrical structure with an opening at the top and a closed bottom through a hemispherical shell; the bottom support is of a hemispherical structure;
the spherical surface of the bottom of the inner shell is opposite to the spherical surface of the bottom support; the outer shell is coaxially sleeved outside the inner shell, and the bottom of the outer shell is connected with the spherical surface of the bottom support in a penetrating manner;
the interlayer filling body is filled in an annular interlayer between the outer shell and the cylindrical section of the inner shell;
the top cover is used for closing the top opening of the outer shell;
the bottom energy absorption layer is arranged at the joint of the cylindrical section and the hemispherical section in the inner shell; a bottom filling body is filled in a space enveloped by the bottom energy absorption layer and the hemispherical section of the inner shell;
the bottom buffer layer is arranged in the outer shell and in a space enveloped by the outer shell, the inner shell hemispherical section and the bottom support.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the top cover includes: a top plate, a top interlayer, a partition plate, an outer wrapping plate, low-density foamed aluminum, a curved plate, high-density foamed aluminum and a liquid layer;
the top plate is made of high-strength steel and is connected with the outer shell in a tooth meshing manner;
the lower end of the top is connected with a partition plate, a top interlayer is arranged between the partition plate and the top plate, and the top interlayer adopts a negative Poisson ratio structure filled with foam;
an inverted frustum-shaped space formed by enveloping an outer wrapping plate is arranged below the partition plate, and an opening at the lower end of the frustum-shaped space is sealed by a liquid layer;
arranging a curved plate in a frustum-shaped space surrounded by a partition plate, an outer wrapping plate and a liquid layer, wherein the convex arc-shaped surface of the curved plate faces downwards, filling high-density foamed aluminum in the part between the curved plate and the partition plate, and filling low-density foamed aluminum in the parts between the two sides of the curved plate, the outer wrapping plate and the liquid layer;
the high-density foamed aluminum is closed-cell foamed aluminum;
the low-density foamed aluminum is open-cell foamed aluminum.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the upper surface of the top plate is provided with a handle.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the top interlayer is of a two-dimensional concave hexagonal honeycomb structure, and a negative Poisson's ratio structure formed after hard polyurethane foam is filled is adopted.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the outer housing includes: the shell comprises a shell superelasticity layer, a shell upper body, a welding reinforcing layer and a shell main body;
the upper part of the shell main body is connected with an upper shell body which is used for being meshed with the top plate; a welding reinforcing layer is arranged at the joint of the shell main body and the shell upper body; finally, the super elastic layer of the outer shell is arranged outside the whole formed by the upper body of the outer shell and the main body of the outer shell.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the super-elastic layer of the shell adopts a structure with the thickness of the upper part and the thickness of the lower part being variable.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the interlayer filling body is filled with small balls which are tightly arranged to fill the space between the outer shell and the inner shell; the filling small ball is of an injection molding multi-cavity ball structure.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the inner shell is of a multilayer structure and sequentially comprises the following components from inside to outside: an inner shell inner layer, a sandwich layer, an inner shell outer layer and an inner shell super-elastic layer; the inner circumferential surface of the inner shell inner layer is also provided with a reinforcing rib;
the outer layer of the inner shell is made of tough steel; the sandwich layer adopts a fiber winding structure; the inner layer of the inner shell is made of hard brittle steel.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the bottom energy absorbing layer comprises: the bottom layer energy absorption body comprises a bottom layer cover body, a bottom layer filling body, a bottom layer energy absorption body and a bottom layer shell;
the bottom cover body and the bottom shell are both made of PE fiber film materials and are used for packaging the bottom energy absorber; the bottom energy absorption body is a porous fiber composite board, a bottom filling body is filled in each hole of the porous fiber composite board, and the bottom filling body is an explosion-proof liquid packaged by a polyether TPU film.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the bottom layer filling body is a high-density hard polyurethane sphere which is filled in the hemispherical section of the inner shell and is filled with a porous sphere structure.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the bottom layer filling body adopts a gradient density filling mode, and the density of the spheres filled from bottom to top is decreased progressively or the filling density of the spheres filled from bottom to top is decreased progressively.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the bottom support comprises a bottom structure layer of the hemispherical shell, a reinforcing rib layer arranged on the inner surface of the hemispherical bottom structure layer and a bottom super-elastic layer arranged on the outer surface of the bottom structure layer.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the top cover is internally provided with an interlayer with a negative Poisson ratio structure, so that the top cover is easy to open after explosion, and the effects of extinguishing fire and absorbing shock waves can be achieved through a bottom liquid layer in the top cover.
(2) Set up the intermediate layer obturator between shell body and the interior casing, the intermediate layer obturator adopts the multicavity room spheroid structure of moulding plastics for this explosion-proof tank explosion-proof ability is stronger, simultaneously the low price.
(3) The bottom energy absorption layer is arranged, so that shock waves break through the bottom cover body during explosion, explosion-proof liquid in the bottom energy absorption body is accelerated and scattered, and meanwhile, the explosion-proof liquid enters the bottom filling body through the structure of the opening of the bottom energy absorption body, and the explosion-proof performance of the explosion-proof tank is further enhanced.
(4) The bottom support adopts a hemispherical structure, the stress distribution is uniform, and the structure can be prevented from being cracked.
(5) The bottom buffer layer is compressed under the impact action, so that energy can be effectively absorbed, and meanwhile, the shock absorption and noise reduction can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the composite explosion-proof tank of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the top cover;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a negative Poisson's ratio structure employed by the top interlayer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an outer shell;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the interlayer filling body;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an inner shell;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a bottom energy absorbing layer;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a bottom support layer.
Wherein: 1-top cover, 2-outer shell, 3-interlayer filler, 4-inner shell, 5-bottom energy absorption layer, 6-bottom filler, 7-bottom buffer layer and 8-bottom support;
1.1-top plate, 1.2-handle, 1.3-top interlayer, 1.4-clapboard, 1.5-outer wrapping plate, 1.6-low density foamed aluminum, 1.7-curved plate, 1.8-high density foamed aluminum, 1.9-liquid layer;
2.1-shell super elastic layer, 2.2-shell upper body, 2.3-welding reinforced layer, 2.4-shell main body;
4.1-super elastic layer of inner shell, 4.2-outer layer of inner shell, 4.3-sandwich layer 1, 4.4-inner layer of inner shell, 4.5-reinforcing rib;
5.1-bottom cover body, 5.2-bottom filling body, 5.3-bottom energy absorbing body and 5.4-bottom shell;
8.1-reinforcing rib layer, 8.2-bottom structural layer and 8.3-bottom super-elastic layer
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
This embodiment provides a compound explosion-proof jar of hard and soft, has characteristics that explosion-proof ability is strong, factor of safety is high.
As shown in fig. 1, the rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank includes: the device comprises a top cover 1, an outer shell 2, an interlayer filling body 3, an inner shell 4, a bottom energy absorption layer 5, an underfill body 6, a bottom buffer layer 7 and a bottom support 8.
Wherein the outer shell 2 is a cylindrical structure with two open ends, the inner shell 4 is a cylindrical structure with an open top and a closed bottom by a hemispherical shell (i.e. the inner shell 4 comprises a cylindrical section and a hemispherical section); the bottom of the inner shell 4 is connected with a hemispherical bottom support 8 through a bottom buffer layer 7, wherein the spherical surface of the bottom of the inner shell 4 is opposite to the spherical surface of the bottom support 8; the outer shell 2 is coaxially sleeved outside the inner shell 4 and the bottom buffer layer 7, and the bottom of the outer shell 2 is connected with the spherical surface of the bottom support 8 in a penetrating manner. A set gap is formed between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 4 to form an annular interlayer for filling the interlayer filling body 3, thereby forming the tank body of the composite explosion-proof tank. The top cover 1 is covered on the top of the tank body to seal the opening on the top of the tank body; the bottom energy absorbing layer 5 is arranged at the joint of the cylindrical section and the hemispherical section in the inner shell 4, and the space enveloped by the bottom energy absorbing layer 5 and the hemispherical section of the inner shell 4 is filled with a bottom filling body 6.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, the top cover 1 includes: top plate 1.1, handle 1.2, top interlayer 1.3, partition plate 1.4, outer wrapping plate 1.5, low density foamed aluminum 1.6, curved plate 1.7, high density foamed aluminum 1.8 and liquid layer 1.9. The top cover 1 adopts a frustum-shaped structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, has an interlayer with a negative Poisson ratio structure, is easy to open after explosion, and can achieve the effects of extinguishing fire and absorbing shock waves through a bottom liquid layer 1.9.
The top plate 1.1 is made of high-strength steel, the steel strength is larger than or equal to 1200Mpa, large deformation can be resisted, and the top plate 1.1 is connected with the outer shell 2 in a tooth meshing mode. The upper surface of the top plate 1.1 is provided with a handle 1.2. The lower end of the top 1.1 is connected with a partition board 1.4, and a gap is reserved between the partition board 1.4 and the top board 1.1 and used for arranging a top interlayer 1.3. The separator 1.4 is made of a high-strength PE fiber laminated board which has low density and strong tensile strength and can deform greatly under the impact action.
A top interlayer 1.3 between the partition plate 1.4 and the top plate 1.1 adopts a foam-filled negative Poisson ratio structure; the negative Poisson ratio structure filled with the foam is a two-dimensional concave hexagonal honeycomb structure shown in figure 3 and is filled with rigid polyurethane foam. When the negative Poisson ratio honeycomb main body is subjected to the action of explosion impact in the out-of-plane direction, due to the negative Poisson ratio effect of the structure, the honeycomb structure contracts towards the inside, polyurethane foam filled by compression in multiple directions absorbs the explosion impact energy, and therefore the explosion impact energy can be absorbed quickly. In addition, the filled polyurethane foam can interact with the honeycomb cells after being hardened, so that the cells are prevented from various deformation modes such as buckling and wrinkling, and the explosion impact energy is further absorbed. Compared with a common honeycomb structure and a foam filling structure, the foam filling negative poisson ratio structure has higher energy absorption capacity under the same areal density.
An inverted frustum-shaped space formed by enveloping an outer wrapping plate 1.5 is arranged below the partition plate 1.4, and an opening at the lower end of the frustum-shaped space is sealed by a liquid layer 1.9; a curved plate 1.7 is arranged in a frustum-shaped space surrounded by a partition plate 1.4, an outer wrapping plate 1.5 and a liquid layer 1.9, the curved plate 1.7 is a high-strength arc-shaped membrane, the convex arc-shaped surface of the curved plate faces downwards, and the size of the opening end of the curved plate 1.7 is consistent with that of the partition plate 1.4, so that the frustum-shaped space is divided into three parts; wherein, the part between the clapboard 1.4 and the curved plate 1.7 is filled with high-density foamed aluminum 1.8, and the part between the two sides of the curved plate 1.7 and the outer wrapping plate 1.5 and the liquid layer 1.9 is filled with low-density foamed aluminum 1.6; the high-density foamed aluminum 1.8 adopts closed-cell foamed aluminum, can generate large deformation under the compression of the curved plate 1.7, and can absorb a large amount of energy in the compaction process due to the fact that the closed-cell foamed aluminum is internally provided with a plurality of cells with cavities and the cell structure is extruded. The low-density foamed aluminum 1.6 adopts open-cell foamed aluminum, and the open-cell structure can scatter the peak surface of the explosion shock wave structure to form a plurality of small-sized peak surfaces, so that the pressure peak value of the shock wave incident into the high-strength diaphragm is reduced. The arc surface of the curved plate 1.7 can integrally load the shock wave energy on the high-density foamed aluminum 1.8, and meanwhile, the curved plate has better shock resistance due to the arc surface structure.
The liquid layer 1.9 arranged at the bottommost part of the top cover 1 can be broken under the action of the explosion shock wave, and simultaneously the shock wave is weakened, so that the extinguishing of flame can be accelerated after the liquid is scattered by the explosion shock wave. Meanwhile, the rear part of the foam aluminum structure is an open-cell foam aluminum structure (namely, the low-density foam aluminum is 1.6), and the liquid is scattered and then enters the open-cell foam aluminum structure to collide with the foam aluminum structure, so that a large amount of energy is absorbed.
As shown in fig. 4, the outer case 2 includes: the shell comprises a shell superelasticity layer 2.1, a shell upper body 2.2, a welding reinforcement layer 2.3 and a shell main body 2.4. Wherein, the upper part of the shell main body 2.4 is connected with the upper shell body 2.2, and the upper shell body 2.2 is used for being engaged with the top plate 1.1; a welding reinforcing layer 2.3 is arranged at the joint of the shell main body 2.4 and the shell upper body 2.2; finally, an outer shell super-elastic layer 2.1 is arranged outside the whole formed by the outer shell upper body 2.2 and the outer shell main body 2.4; the superelastic layer 2.1 of the outer shell is formed from spray polyurea. Further, the superelastic layer 2.1 of the outer shell may be of variable wall thickness, with thicker spraying at a height from the top at 1/3, and thinner thickness for the remainder, taking into account the higher shock wave pressure at the top. Further, the thickness of the outer shell superelastic layer 2.1 from the top to the height of 1/3 is 6mm, the thickness of the outer shell superelastic layer 2.1 in the rest part is 4mm, and the thicker part and the thinner part are uniformly transited.
The interlayer filling body 3 adopts the filling pellets as shown in fig. 5, and the filling pellets are closely arranged to fill the space between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 4. The filling pellet is the multicavity room spheroid structure of moulding plastics, and the spheroid material is based on modified nylon, through increasing carbon fiber reinforcing strength, through increasing fire retardant increase flame retardant efficiency. Adopt the mode that the pellet was filled, on the one hand can fill in the dysmorphism structure, for the foamed aluminum structure, it has lower density, and the processing degree of difficulty is little, and explosion-proof performance is stronger simultaneously, for other non-metallic foam structures, has good intensity, and need not to adopt the customization mould to foam, has practiced thrift the cost. The filling ball can adopt a non-metal explosion-proof ball in patent ZL 201410421570.8.
As shown in fig. 6, the inner shell 4 is a multi-layer structure, which comprises, from inside to outside: an inner shell inner layer 4.4, a sandwich layer 4.3, an inner shell outer layer 4.2 and an inner shell super-elastic layer 4.1; furthermore, reinforcing ribs 4.5 are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the inner shell inner layer 4.4. The superelastic layer 4.1 of the inner shell is formed by spraying polyurea, and further can adopt a structure with variable wall thickness, considering that the middle part of the superelastic layer is large in deformation, the spraying part with thicker thickness is adopted in the middle, and the rest part of the superelastic layer is thinner. Furthermore, the wall thickness of the middle part is 6mm, the wall thickness of the rest part is 4mm, and the transition part is required to be uniform. The outer layer 4.2 of the inner shell is made of tough steel, and the elongation at break of the steel is more than or equal to 30 percent; the sandwich layer 4.3 adopts a fiber winding structure, and further, the fiber adopts one or a mixture of more of PE, glass fiber and aramid fiber. The inner layer 4.4 of the inner shell is made of hard brittle steel, and further can be made of high-strength brittle steel such as 30CrMnSiA, 35CrMnSiA, 40CrMnSiA and the like. The brittle steel of the inner shell 4.4 is cracked along the direction of the reinforcement under the action of explosive load, so that certain energy is absorbed, meanwhile, the fiber is cut by fragments due to the fiber winding structure of the sandwich layer 4.3, fiber breakage is caused, kinetic energy of fragment breakage is attenuated, and the fragments are prevented from being in rigid contact with the outer layer 4.2 of the inner shell. The reinforcing ribs 4.5 include annular reinforcing ribs arranged at regular intervals in the height direction and longitudinal reinforcing ribs arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction.
As shown in fig. 7, the bottom energy absorbing layer 5 is a circular plate with a set thickness arranged at the junction of the cylindrical section and the hemispherical section inside the inner shell 4; the method comprises the following steps: the bottom layer comprises a bottom layer cover body 5.1, a bottom layer filling body 5.2, a bottom layer energy absorbing body 5.3 and a bottom layer shell 5.4; wherein the bottom layer cover body 5.1 and the bottom layer outer shell 5.4 are both made of PE fiber film materials and mainly used for packaging the bottom layer energy absorber 5.3. The bottom layer shell 5.4 is a hollow structure with an open top and a closed bottom, a bottom layer energy absorber 5.3 is arranged in the bottom layer shell, the bottom layer energy absorber 5.3 is a porous fiber composite board, a bottom layer filler 5.2 is filled in each hole of the porous fiber composite board, and the bottom layer filler 5.2 is an explosion-proof liquid packaged by a polyether TPU film; the floor covering 5.1 covers the open top end of the floor shell 5.4, thereby enclosing the floor absorber 5.3 inside it. During explosion, the shock wave breaks through the bottom cover body 5.1, accelerates and breaks up the explosion-proof liquid in the bottom energy absorption body 5.3TPU, and enters the bottom filling body 6 through the open pore structure of the bottom energy absorption body 5.3. Further, the bottom layer energy absorber 5.3 can be adjusted in position, and when the outer package size of the explosive is high and the explosive amount is small, the number of the balls at the bottom can be adjusted, so that the position of the explosive is changed. Further, the diameter of the underfill 5.2 is 20mm, and the area of the openings in the underfill 5.3 is 30% of the entire area.
Filling a high-density hard polyurethane sphere with a porous sphere structure in the hemispherical section of the inner shell 4 to form a bottom-layer filling body 6; furthermore, a sphere structure filled with gradient density (i.e. the density of the filled spheres is in gradient distribution) can be adopted, and the density of the bottom-filled spheres is higher (0.4 g/cm)3) The density of the top-filled spheres was low (0.1 g/cm)3) (ii) a Or the filling density is distributed in a gradient way, the sphere with the diameter of 5 mm-10 mm is filled at the bottom, and the sphere with the diameter of 10 mm-30 mm is filled at the top. The high density rigid polyurethane spheres filled with the porous sphere structure form a multi-chamber structure (air is equivalent to the chamber). When the shock wave front comes, due to the different densities, the shock wave front is scattered into a plurality of wave fronts and is transmitted in the gaps and the foam medium, and the structure is broken to absorb a large amount of energy, so that the energy transmitted into the inner shell 4 by the shock wave is reduced.
The bottom support 8 is a hemispherical structure, the spherical surface side of the bottom support is opposite to the spherical end of the inner shell 4, and the plane side of the bottom support is supported on the ground; as shown in fig. 8, the bottom support 8 includes a bottom structural layer 8.2 of the hemispherical shell, a reinforcing rib layer 8.1 disposed on an inner surface of the bottom structural layer 8.2 of the hemispherical shell, and a bottom superelastic layer 8.3 disposed on an outer surface of the bottom structural layer 8.2, and the reinforcing rib layer 8.1 adopts a grid mesh structure, so that the impact effect can be reduced. The bottom support 8 adopts a hemispherical structure, the stress distribution is uniform, and the structure can be prevented from being cracked. The lower end of the outer shell 2 is connected with the outer surface of the bottom support 8 in a penetrating way.
The bottom buffer layer 7 is arranged in the outer shell 2 and is in a space enveloped by the outer shell 2, the hemispherical section of the inner shell 4 and the bottom support 8; the bottom buffer layer 7 is a closed-cell polyurethane elastomer; the bottom buffer layer 7 is compressed under the impact action, so that energy can be effectively absorbed, and meanwhile, shock absorption and noise reduction can be realized.
In summary, the invention includes but is not limited to the above embodiments, and any equivalent replacement or local modification made under the spirit and principle of the invention should be considered as being within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. Rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank, its characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a top cover (1), an outer shell (2), an interlayer filling body (3), an inner shell (4), a bottom energy absorption layer (5), a bottom filling body (6), a bottom buffer layer (7) and a bottom support (8);
the outer shell (2) is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, the inner shell (4) is of a cylindrical structure with an open top and a closed bottom through a hemispherical shell; the bottom support (8) is of a hemispherical structure;
the spherical surface of the bottom of the inner shell (4) is opposite to the spherical surface of the bottom support (8); the outer shell (2) is coaxially sleeved outside the inner shell (4), and the bottom of the outer shell is in through connection with the spherical surface of the bottom support (8);
the interlayer filling body (3) is filled in an annular interlayer between the cylindrical sections of the outer shell (2) and the inner shell (4);
the top cover (1) is used for closing the top opening of the outer shell (2);
the bottom energy absorbing layer (5) is arranged at the joint of the cylindrical section and the hemispherical section in the inner shell (4); a bottom filling body (6) is filled in a space enveloped by the bottom energy absorption layer (5) and the hemispherical section of the inner shell (4);
the bottom buffer layer (7) is arranged in the outer shell (2) and in a space enveloped by the outer shell (2), the hemispherical section of the inner shell (4) and the bottom support (8);
the cap (1) comprises: a top plate (1.1), a top interlayer (1.3), a partition plate (1.4), an outer wrapping plate (1.5), low-density foamed aluminum (1.6), a curved plate (1.7), high-density foamed aluminum (1.8) and a liquid layer (1.9);
the top plate (1.1) is made of high-strength steel and is connected with the outer shell (2) in a tooth meshing manner;
the lower end of the top plate (1.1) is connected with a partition plate (1.4), a top interlayer (1.3) is arranged between the partition plate (1.4) and the top plate (1.1), and the top interlayer (1.3) is of a negative Poisson's ratio structure filled with foam;
an inverted frustum-shaped space formed by enveloping an outer wrapping plate (1.5) is arranged below the partition plate (1.4), and an opening at the lower end of the frustum-shaped space is closed by a liquid layer (1.9);
a curved plate (1.7) is arranged in a frustum-shaped space surrounded by a partition plate (1.4), an outer wrapping plate (1.5) and a liquid layer (1.9), the convex arc-shaped surface of the curved plate (1.7) faces downwards, high-density foamed aluminum (1.8) is filled in the part between the curved plate (1.7) and the partition plate (1.4), and low-density foamed aluminum (1.6) is filled in the part between the two sides of the curved plate (1.7) and the outer wrapping plate (1.5) and the liquid layer (1.9);
the high-density foamed aluminum (1.8) adopts closed-cell foamed aluminum;
the low-density foamed aluminum (1.6) adopts open-cell foamed aluminum.
2. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the upper surface of the top plate (1.1) is provided with a handle (1.2).
3. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the top interlayer (1.3) is of a two-dimensional concave hexagonal honeycomb structure and adopts a negative Poisson ratio structure formed after hard polyurethane foam is filled.
4. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the outer casing (2) comprises: the shell comprises a shell superelasticity layer (2.1), a shell upper body (2.2), a welding reinforcing layer (2.3) and a shell main body (2.4);
the upper part of the shell main body (2.4) is connected with an upper shell body (2.2), and the upper shell body (2.2) is used for being engaged with the top plate (1.1); a welding reinforcing layer (2.3) is arranged at the joint of the shell main body (2.4) and the shell upper body (2.2); finally, an outer shell super elastic layer (2.1) is arranged on the outer part of the whole formed by the outer shell upper body (2.2) and the outer shell main body (2.4).
5. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 4, wherein: the shell superelasticity layer (2.1) adopts a variable-wall-thickness structure with a thick upper part and a thin lower part.
6. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the interlayer filling bodies (3) are small filling balls which are tightly arranged to fill the space between the outer shell (2) and the inner shell (4); the filling small ball is of an injection molding multi-cavity ball structure.
7. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the inner shell (4) is of a multilayer structure and sequentially comprises the following components from inside to outside: an inner shell inner layer (4.4), a sandwich layer (4.3), an inner shell outer layer (4.2) and an inner shell super-elastic layer (4.1); the inner circumferential surface of the inner shell inner layer (4.4) is also provided with a reinforcing rib (4.5);
the outer layer (4.2) of the inner shell is made of tough steel; the sandwich layer (4.3) adopts a fiber winding structure; the inner layer (4.4) of the inner shell is made of hard brittle steel.
8. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bottom energy absorbing layer (5) comprises: a bottom layer cover body (5.1), a bottom layer filling body (5.2), a bottom layer energy absorbing body (5.3) and a bottom layer outer shell (5.4);
the bottom layer cover body (5.1) and the bottom layer shell (5.4) are both made of PE fiber film materials and are used for packaging the bottom layer energy absorber (5.3); the bottom layer energy absorption body (5.3) is a porous fiber composite board, a bottom layer filling body (5.2) is filled in each hole, and the bottom layer filling body (5.2) is an explosion-proof liquid packaged by a polyether TPU film.
9. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bottom filling body (6) is a high-density hard polyurethane sphere filled in the hemispherical section of the inner shell (4), and the high-density hard polyurethane sphere is of a porous sphere structure.
10. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 9, wherein: the bottom filling body (6) adopts a gradient density filling mode, and the density of the spheres filled from bottom to top is decreased progressively or the filling density of the spheres filled from bottom to top is decreased progressively.
11. A rigid-flexible composite explosion-proof tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bottom support (8) comprises a bottom structural layer (8.2) of the hemispherical shell, a reinforcing rib layer (8.1) arranged on the inner surface of the hemispherical bottom structural layer (8.2) and a bottom super-elastic layer (8.3) arranged on the outer surface of the bottom structural layer (8.2).
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CN114234753A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-03-25 三门峡市天康成套设备有限责任公司 Rigid-flexible combined explosion-proof structure and preparation method thereof
CN114485307B (en) * 2022-01-29 2023-04-04 北京理工大学 Intrinsically safe explosive disposal and protection device and use method
CN114719703B (en) * 2022-03-31 2023-02-21 北京理工大学 Rigid-flexible composite structure airtight explosion-proof device
CN115127412B (en) * 2022-07-19 2023-05-30 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 Explosive-proof device for small-spacing explosive charge in hard rock hole

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