CN113685841A - Working medium supply system for wind tunnel experiment heat storage heater and construction method - Google Patents

Working medium supply system for wind tunnel experiment heat storage heater and construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113685841A
CN113685841A CN202110987931.5A CN202110987931A CN113685841A CN 113685841 A CN113685841 A CN 113685841A CN 202110987931 A CN202110987931 A CN 202110987931A CN 113685841 A CN113685841 A CN 113685841A
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valve
pressure
path
air
sensor
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CN113685841B (en
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高占彪
李东霞
顾洪斌
岳连捷
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Institute of Mechanics of CAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/027—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
    • B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/78—Cooling burner parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23M11/04—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace ground test equipment, and aims to solve the technical problem of reduced structural strength of a heat storage tank in the prior art, and the invention provides a working medium supply system for a wind tunnel experiment heat storage heater and a construction method thereof, wherein a natural gas point circuit and an air point circuit are respectively connected with an igniter, and the igniter is controlled to ignite through the natural gas point circuit and the air point circuit; the natural gas main path, the air main path and the oxygen supplementing path are respectively connected with the main burner, the wide-range flow is regulated through the natural gas main path and the air main path, and the oxygen supplementing path is used for providing oxygen supplementation during high-temperature large flow; the cooling air path is connected with the cooling burner; the total pressure of the igniter is measured through a pressure sensor, and the main flame of the burner is detected through a flame detector. The invention can realize the function of stepless regulation of flow in the measuring range, and avoids the possibility of ceramic material damage caused by over-quick heating temperature rise and the risk of structural strength reduction of the heat storage tank body caused by local overheating during heating.

Description

Working medium supply system for wind tunnel experiment heat storage heater and construction method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace ground test equipment, and particularly relates to a working medium supply system for a heat storage heater in a wind tunnel experiment and a construction method.
Background
The pure air wind tunnel can provide relatively clean high enthalpy gas incoming flow, is indispensable equipment for ground test of the hypersonic aircraft, and is widely accepted internationally. However, due to the technical difficulty, the purified air tunnels developed at home and abroad are very few. Among them, the working medium supply system is one of the technical difficulties. As shown in fig. 1, the heat accumulation heating operation process is as follows: the working medium supply system is controlled by the computer control system to provide natural gas and air for the combustor, the igniter ignites the natural gas to form a low-power torch, the torch ignites the main natural gas and the air conveyed by the working medium supply system to form high-temperature flame, and the main heat accumulator is heated to a preset temperature through heat exchange. When a wind tunnel test is carried out, cold air enters from the bottom to exchange heat with the heat accumulator, and high-temperature and high-pressure clean air of about 1700K and 5MPa is obtained. The difficulty in designing the working medium supply system in the heat storage and heating process is two: 1) has strict requirements on the regulation of the flow of the working medium. At present, the heat storage main body can only adopt ceramic materials with the melting point higher than 2000K. However, the thermal shock resistance of ceramics is poor, strict requirements are imposed on the temperature change of flame of a burner, and ceramic materials are cracked and even crushed due to too fast temperature rise. The heat storage tank also has strict requirements on flame power variation. Local overheating in the heat storage tank body is avoided, otherwise, the structural strength of the heat storage tank body is reduced, and irreparable loss is caused. According to the combustion science, the temperature and power problem of flame is the problem of working medium supply flow matching, a working medium supply system is required to have flow adjusting capacity, and the higher the adjusting resolution ratio is, the better the adjusting resolution ratio is. 2) The working fluid supply system is provided with the capability of providing cooling air for the combustor. In the process of operating and inflating the wind tunnel (in a high-back-pressure non-combustion state), the heat accumulator is prevented from radiating heat to damage the inner wall of the combustor; the structure of the burner itself in a high temperature environment is subject to cooling problems.
In view of the above, the current technical method is to prepare a plurality of flow-limiting devices with different calibers in advance, control the on-off of the front-end switch valve, and realize the adjustment of the working medium flow through different combination modes. The method initially realizes the stepped adjustment of the flow of the working medium, but the method is not flexible enough, has a limited adjustable range and cannot ensure the precision, still has the risk of damage to the ceramic material or equipment caused by unreasonable temperature rise, and particularly cannot ensure the capability of reheating according to the temperature of the tank body after the wind tunnel test. In addition, the existing heat accumulation burner is basically a water cooling scheme, and once leakage occurs, the heat accumulation material is cracked when meeting water, cooling water is instantly gasified when meeting heat, the pressure in the heat accumulation tank is increased steeply, and the result is catastrophic.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a working medium supply system for a heat storage heater for a wind tunnel experiment and a construction method thereof, aiming at the technical problems that in the prior art, a ceramic material is damaged due to the fact that heating temperature rise is too fast due to the fact that a working medium supply system cannot achieve wide-range continuous adjustment, and the structural strength of a heat storage tank body is reduced due to local overheating during heating.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a working medium supply system for a heat storage heater for a wind tunnel experiment comprises a natural gas point path, an air point path, a natural gas main path, an air main path, an oxygen supplementing path (oxygen path for short), a cooling air path (air cooling for short), a pressure sensor and a flame detector;
the front and the back of each pressure regulating valve of the natural gas point way, the air point way, the natural gas main way, the air main way, the oxygen supplementing way and the cooling air way are respectively provided with a stop valve which is a valve (a first switch valve) of each way and a valve (a second switch valve) of each way;
the natural gas point way and the air point way are respectively connected with the igniter, and natural gas and air with constant flow are conveyed to the igniter through the natural gas point way and the empty point way;
the natural gas main path, the air main path and the oxygen supplementing path (oxygen path for short) are respectively connected with the main burner, the wide-range flow is regulated through the natural gas main path and the air main path, and the oxygen supplementing path provides oxygen input for the heat storage heater under the ultra-high temperature working condition;
the cooling air path is connected with the combustor cooling channel; the total pressure of the igniter is measured through a pressure sensor, and the main flame of the burner is detected through a flame detector.
Furthermore, the natural gas point way and the air point way are arranged in the same structure and respectively comprise a gas transmission pipeline, a sensor, a pressure reducing valve, a throttling device and a check valve, wherein the sensor is arranged in front of one valve and measures the pressure of a gas source through the sensor; the pressure reducing valve is arranged between the first valve and the second valve, the rear end of the second valve is connected with the throttling device, the tail end of the gas transmission pipeline is close to the burner interface and is connected with the check valve, and the downstream of the check valve is connected with the burner.
Furthermore, the natural gas point way and the air point way are the same in structure setting and comprise gas transmission pipelines for transmitting working media, the sensor a and the sensor b for measuring the gas source pressure of the natural gas point way are respectively arranged in front of a valve a and a valve b, the pressure reducing valve a and the pressure reducing valve b are arranged between two stop valves, the rear ends of the valve a and the valve b are respectively connected with a throttling device a and a throttling device b, the tail of the gas transmission pipeline is close to a burner connector and is respectively connected with a check valve a and a check valve b, and the downstream of the check valve a and the check valve b is connected with a burner.
Furthermore, the igniter is set as a fixed power igniter, the natural gas point circuit and the air point circuit adopt fixed value pressure reducing valves, the natural gas point circuit and the air point circuit output media with fixed flow and pressure, and the system realizes on-off of media output by controlling a stop valve switch.
Further, the main natural gas path and the main air path comprise multiple paths of branches with different flow coefficients, the branches are increased or reduced according to actual needs, the main natural gas path and the main air path are provided with gas transmission pipelines and sensors for measuring gas source pressure, the sensors for measuring gas source pressure are arranged in front of one valve, a plurality of branch pipelines are respectively arranged behind one valve, each branch comprises a pressure regulating valve group, a sensor group for measuring pressure behind the valve and a throttling device, medium pressure is regulated through the pressure regulating valve group, the sensors for measuring pressure behind the valve are installed at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve group, the throttling device is connected at the rear end of the two valves, each branch converges into one pipeline behind the throttling device, the tail of each gas transmission pipeline is close to a burner connector to connect a check valve, and the downstream of the check valve is connected with a burner.
Furthermore, the main natural gas path and the main air path mainly comprise a plurality of branches with different flow coefficients. The natural gas main road and the air main road respectively comprise pipelines for conveying working media, a sensor c and a sensor d for measuring air source pressure are arranged in front of a valve c and a valve d, the valve c and the valve d are divided into a plurality of branch pipelines, each branch comprises a pressure regulating valve c for regulating medium pressure, a pressure regulating valve d, a pressure regulating valve e and a pressure regulating valve f, the downstream of the pressure regulating valve c, the pressure regulating valve d, the pressure regulating valve e and the pressure regulating valve f are respectively provided with a sensor e, a sensor f, a sensor g and a sensor h for measuring pressure behind the valves, and the back of the valve c, the valve d, the valve e and the valve f is respectively connected with a throttling device c, a throttling device d, a throttling device e and a throttling device f. All branches converge into a pipeline after the throttling device, the tail end of the gas transmission pipeline is close to the burner interface and is connected with a check valve c and a check valve d, and the downstream of the check valve c and the check valve d is connected with the burner.
Preferably, the main natural gas path and the main air path of the invention are a combination of a plurality of branches with different flow coefficients, and the number of the branches can be increased or decreased according to actual needs. The design can flexibly adjust the number of the branches and realize the function of wide-range flow regulation.
Furthermore, the oxygen supplementing path (oxygen path for short) comprises a gas transmission pipeline, a pressure regulating valve g, a sensor i, a sensor j, a throttling device g and a check valve e, wherein the sensor i for measuring the pressure of a gas source is arranged in front of the valve e, the pressure regulating valve g is arranged between the valve e and the valve f, the sensor j for measuring the pressure behind the valve is arranged at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve g, the throttling device g is connected behind the valve f, the check valve e is connected at the tail end of the gas transmission pipeline close to the connector of the burner, and the back of the check valve e is connected with the main air path through a tee joint.
Preferably, the oxygen gas path and the air main path are connected before entering the combustor, and the design aims to prolong the blending process, enable the blending to be more uniform and improve the combustion efficiency.
Furthermore, the cooling air path (air cooling for short) comprises a gas transmission pipeline, a sensor k, a valve f, a pressure regulating valve h, a sensor l, a valve g, a throttling device h, a switch valve a, a switch valve b and a check valve f, wherein the sensor k for measuring the pressure of a gas source is arranged in front of the valve f, the pressure regulating valve h is arranged between the valve f and the valve g, the sensor l for measuring the pressure behind the valve is arranged at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve h, the rear end of the valve g is connected with the throttling device h, the tail of the gas transmission pipeline is connected with the inlet of a combustor cooling channel near the interface of the combustor, the outlet of the combustor cooling channel is connected with the switch valve a through a pipeline, and the rear end of the switch valve a is discharged to the outside through the pipeline;
the cooling air path (air cooling for short) is divided into two paths at the outlet of the cooling channel of the burner through a tee joint, and one path is connected with a switch valve c and led to the outside; the other path is connected between the check valve d of the air main path and the burner through the back end of a switch valve b.
Further, the throttling device is matched with an upstream pressure regulating valve to control the flow regulation of the single branch measuring range, the throttling device is a special device based on a sonic nozzle, and as shown in fig. 3, the device sequentially comprises an upstream pipeline, a pressure stabilizing chamber, the sonic nozzle and a downstream pipeline along the airflow direction. The chamber is provided with a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and the control of the pipeline flow is converted into the regulation of the chamber pressure through a throttling device. Measuring gas pressure and temperature respectively by a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; the design aims to stabilize the incoming flow pressure and convert the gas flow which is not easy to obtain into pressure data and temperature data which are easy to measure.
Furthermore, the pressure regulating valve and the downstream pressure sensor form a closed loop, and the output value of the pressure regulating valve is adjusted in real time according to the data of the pressure sensor. The design aims to realize accurate output of self pressure through downstream pressure feedback, and further improve the pipeline flow regulation precision. And then can be after the wind tunnel test, according to jar interior temperature setting operating mode accurate control flame temperature, realize reheating ability. Greatly improving the test efficiency and saving resources.
The valves contacted with the working medium are all arranged as pneumatic valves driven by nitrogen, and the design aims at isolating combustible gas from air (or oxygen) and isolating the combustible gas from a circuit, thereby avoiding the possibility of danger to the maximum extent.
A working medium supply construction method for a heat storage heater for a wind tunnel experiment adopts the working medium supply system for the heat storage heater for the wind tunnel experiment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the flow value or range required by each path of air supply according to the test requirements;
(2) determining the drift diameter value range and the branch number of the Venturi flowmeter of each main path or branch according to the temperature of the gas supply, the pressure of the gas source and the pressure of the combustion chamber;
(3) selecting a drift diameter of the flowmeter, and checking a pressure regulating value or range of an upstream pressure regulating valve;
(4) and determining the drift diameters of the pipelines and the switching valves and the Cv value of the pressure regulating valve according to the maximum flow of each branch.
Further, the step (2) is carried out according to the temperature T of the supplied gas0Gas source pressure P of gas circuit0The combustion chamber pressure P determines the drift diameter DN of the Venturi flowmeters at the natural gas point and the dead point, determines the number N of the branch circuits of the natural gas main circuit, the air main circuit and the air cooling circuit and the drift diameter DN of each Venturi flowmeter, and accords with the relational expression for the gas flow of the throat forming sound velocity:
Figure BDA0003231411080000061
in the formula, QmIs the mass flow rate; c is an outflow coefficient; p0Absolute stagnation pressure at the inlet; t is0Absolute stagnation temperature at the inlet; d is the diameter size of the throat part of the Venturi flowmeter; the diameter range of the throat is calculated by the relational expression.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a working medium supply system for a wind tunnel experiment heat storage heater and a construction method thereof, which can realize the function of stepless regulation of flow in a measuring range, and avoid the possibility of ceramic material damage caused by over-quick heating temperature rise and the risk of structural strength reduction of a heat storage tank body caused by local overheating during heating. The typical working condition is accurately controlled, and the capacity of reheating according to the temperature of the tank body after the wind tunnel test is realized. Greatly improving the test efficiency. The burner is provided with cooling air with adjustable flow under the high-backpressure and non-combustion condition, and the burner is prevented from being damaged by heat radiation. The burner has the advantages that the self-structure gas cooling of the burner is realized, the reliability of equipment is improved, the cooling gas can be continuously used for main path air to participate in combustion, and the energy is saved. The invention has clear principle, simple structure, easy realization and extremely high application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art regenerative heater operation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a working medium supply system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a venturi-based flow meter throttle device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the construction steps of the working medium supply system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of experimental data for an example of the present invention;
00, an igniter; 01. a flame detector; 2. a burner;
11. a sensor a; 12. a sensor c; 13. a sensor k; 14. a sensor b; 15. a sensor i; 16. a sensor d; 17. a total pressure sensor; 21. a valve a; 22. a valve c; 23. a valve f; 24. a valve b; 25. a valve e; 26. a valve d;
31. a pressure reducing valve a; 32. a pressure reducing valve b;
41. a pressure regulating valve c; 42. a pressure regulating valve d; 43. a pressure regulating valve h; 44. a pressure regulating valve g; 45. a pressure regulating valve e; 46. a pressure regulating valve f;
51. a sensor e; 52. a sensor f; 53. a sensor j; 54. a sensor g; 55. a sensor h; 56. a sensor l;
61. a valve a; 62. a valve c; 63. a valve d; 64. a valve g; 65. a valve b; 66. a valve f; 67. a second valve e; 68. a valve f; 69. an on-off valve a;
71. a throttling device a; 72. a throttling device c; 73. a throttling device d; 74. a throttling device h; 75. a throttling device b; 76. a throttling device g; 77. a throttling device e; 78. a throttle device f; 701. an upstream conduit; 702. a pressure-stabilizing chamber; 703. a sonic nozzle; 704. a downstream conduit; 705. a pressure sensor; 706. a temperature sensor;
81. a check valve c; 82. a check valve a; 83. a check valve b; 84. a check valve e; 85. a check valve d;
91. an on-off valve b; 92. an on-off valve c;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, according to the wind tunnel test requirements, the heat storage heater needs to provide high-temperature and high-pressure airflow with the temperature of 1200K-1600K and the maximum flow of 10kg/s, and alumina is selected as the porous heat storage ceramic material to meet the technical requirements. For uniform heating and heat exchange, the heat storage ceramic adopts a scheme of concentric arrangement of multiple layers of round holes. The heat storage main body material has a stacking volume of 0.8 meter in diameter and 5 meters in height. Due to the cold and heat shock resistant nature of alumina, it is required that the temperature rise per hour not exceed 80 ℃. The operation of the burner 2 of the example was atmospheric combustion, i.e., the combustion pressure was 0.1 MPa. During wind tunnel test, the highest pressure when air is filled in the heat storage tank is 5MPa, namely the pressure bearing is not lower than 5MPa when the high back pressure is in a non-combustion state, the power of a combustor 2 needing cooling air of 100g/s is about 600kW, and flame stably combusts under the condition of variable power of stepless adjustable large ratio (10: 1). The following is specifically illustrated with reference to the examples:
the present embodiment includes a natural gas point and an air point for igniter 00; a main natural gas path and a main air path (air path for short) for the main burner 2, which can be used for wide-range flow regulation, a cooling air path (air cooling for short) for cooling the burner 2 body, and an oxygen supplementing path (oxygen path for short) for high-temperature and high-flow. It also includes a total pressure sensor 17 for measuring the total pressure of the igniter, a flame detector 01 for detecting the main flame of the burner 2, and a PLC-based control system.
In another embodiment of the present invention based on embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 2, the natural gas point way and the air point way of this embodiment have the same structure.
The natural gas point way comprises a gas pipeline for conveying working media, a sensor a11 for measuring gas source pressure is arranged in front of a valve a21, a pressure reducing valve a31 is arranged between two switching valves consisting of the valve a21 and the valve a61, the rear end of the valve a61 is connected with a throttling device a71, the tail end of the gas pipeline is close to a connector of the combustor 2 and is respectively connected with a check valve a82, and the downstream of the check valve a82 is connected with the combustor 2.
The air point way comprises an air pipeline for conveying working media, a sensor b14 for measuring air source pressure is arranged in front of a valve b24, a pressure reducing valve b32 is arranged between two switching valves, the rear end of the valve b65 is connected with a throttling device b75, the tail end of the air pipeline is close to the interface of the combustor 2 and is connected with a check valve b83, and the downstream of the check valve b83 is connected with the combustor 2.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the igniter according to this embodiment is a fixed power igniter, and the natural gas point line and the empty point line only need to output media with fixed flow and pressure, so the natural gas point line and the empty point line are designed as fixed value pressure reducing valves, and the computer control system controls the on/off of the cut-off valve to realize media output. The advantages of this are that the control loop is reduced, the structure is simplified, the reliability of the system is improved and the cost is reduced.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the main natural gas pipeline in this embodiment includes two branches with different flow coefficients, the main natural gas pipeline includes a pipeline for conveying working media, a sensor c12 for measuring the pressure of the gas source is disposed in front of a valve c22, the first and second branches are connected in parallel, and 2 branch pipelines are disposed behind a valve c 22;
the first branch comprises a pressure regulating valve c41, a sensor e51, a valve c62 and a throttling device c72, a sensor e51 for measuring pressure behind the valve is installed at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve c41 for regulating medium pressure, and the throttling device c72 is connected behind the valve c 62;
the second branch comprises a pressure regulating valve d42, a sensor f52, a valve d63 and a throttling device d73, wherein a sensor f52 for measuring pressure behind the valve is installed at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve d42 for regulating medium pressure, and the throttling device d73 is connected behind the valve d 63.
The first branch and the second branch are merged into a pipeline after the throttling device c72 and the throttling device d73, the tail end of the pipeline is close to the interface of the burner 2 and is connected with a check valve c81, and the downstream of the check valve c81 is connected with the burner 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the main air path of this embodiment mainly includes multiple branches with different flow coefficients, the main air path includes an air transmission pipeline for transmitting working medium, a sensor d16 for measuring air source pressure is disposed in front of a valve d26, and a valve d26 is divided into 2 branch pipelines;
the first branch comprises a pressure regulating valve e45 for regulating medium pressure, a sensor g54 for measuring pressure behind the pressure regulating valve e45 is respectively arranged at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve e45, and a throttling device e77 is connected behind the valve e 67;
the second branch comprises a pressure regulating valve f46 for regulating medium pressure, a sensor h55 for measuring pressure behind the pressure regulating valve f46 is installed at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve f68, and a throttling device f78 is connected behind the valve f 68;
the first branch and the second branch are merged into a pipeline after the throttling device e77 and the throttling device f78, the tail end of the pipeline is close to the interface of the combustor 2 and is connected with a check valve d85, and the downstream of the check valve d85 is connected with the combustor 2.
Furthermore, the main natural gas path and the main air path of the invention are a combination of a plurality of branches with different flow coefficients, and the number of the branches can be increased or decreased according to actual needs. The advantage of doing so is that the number of branches can be flexibly adjusted, enabling a wide range of flow regulation functions.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the oxygen gas line of the present invention includes a gas line for delivering working fluid, a sensor i15 for measuring the pressure of the gas source is disposed in front of a valve e25, a pressure regulating valve g44 is disposed between two switching valves consisting of a valve e25 and a valve f66, a sensor j53 for measuring the pressure after the valve g 3538 is installed downstream of the pressure regulating valve g44, a throttling device g76 is connected behind the valve f66, a check valve e84 is connected at the end of the gas line near the interface of the burner 2, and a check valve e84 is connected with the main air line through a tee joint.
Furthermore, the oxygen path and the air main path are connected before entering the combustor 2, so that the mixing process is prolonged, the mixing is more uniform, and the combustion efficiency is improved.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the air cooling circuit of the present invention includes an air pipe for delivering working medium, a sensor k13 for measuring the pressure of the air source is disposed in front of a valve f23, a pressure regulating valve h43 is disposed between two switching valves consisting of a valve f23 and a valve g64, a sensor l56 for measuring the pressure after the valve is installed downstream of the pressure regulating valve h43, a throttling device h74 is connected behind the valve g64, the air pipe is directly connected to the inlet of the cooling channel of the combustor 2, the outlet of the cooling channel of the combustor 2 passes through a valve a69, and the outlet of the switching valve a69 is discharged to the outside through a pipe.
On the basis of the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 2, in another embodiment of the present invention, the air cooling path of the present invention is divided into two paths at the outlet of the cooling channel of the burner 2 by a three-way pipe, and one path is connected with a switch valve c92 to be led to the outside; the other path is connected between the air main path check valve d85 and the burner 2 through a switching valve b 91. The air cooling circuit can supply a large flow of air to the air cooler for cooling the combustor 2 again by the above-described structure. The air conditioner has the advantages that large-flow air is provided for the air main path, the air of the air cooling path is recycled, and energy is saved; effectively reduces the air main path branches, simplifies the structure, improves the system reliability and reduces the cost.
In another embodiment of the present invention, based on embodiment 1, the throttling device used in the present invention is a special device based on a sonic nozzle, and as shown in fig. 3, the device comprises an upstream pipe 701, a pressure stabilizing chamber 702, a sonic nozzle 703 and a downstream pipe 704 in sequence along the airflow direction. The plenum chamber 702 has integrated therein a pressure sensor 705 and a temperature sensor 706 that can measure the pressure and temperature of the gas. The structure has the advantages of stabilizing the incoming flow pressure and improving the flow control precision of the sonic nozzle. In addition, the device converts the regulation of the pipeline flow into the regulation of the chamber pressure. The flow rate regulation in the single branch measuring range can be realized by matching with an upstream pressure regulating valve.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the pressure regulating valve used in the present invention and the downstream pressure sensor form a closed loop circuit based on embodiment 1, and the output value of the pressure regulating valve can be adjusted in real time according to the data of the pressure sensor. The advantage of doing so is that the accurate output of self pressure is realized through downstream pressure feedback, and then improves pipeline flow control precision. And then can be after the wind tunnel test, according to jar interior temperature setting operating mode accurate control flame temperature, realize reheating ability. Greatly improving the test efficiency and saving resources.
Furthermore, the valves in contact with the working medium are all arranged as nitrogen-driven pneumatic valves, so that the valves have the advantages of isolating combustible gas from air (or oxygen) and isolating the combustible gas from a circuit, and avoiding the possibility of danger to the maximum extent.
On the basis of embodiment 1, another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, further includes a method for constructing a working medium supply system, which is described below by way of specific examples:
1) start of
2) Determining the flow value Q or range Q required for each air supplymin-Qmax；
The flow parameters of air, natural gas and oxygen which need to be satisfied by the embodiment are as follows:
Figure BDA0003231411080000121
3) determining drift diameter and branch number of Venturi flowmeter of each path (branch)
According to the temperature T of the supplied gas0Gas source pressure P of gas circuit0And determining the drift paths DN of the natural gas point and the empty point Venturi flowmeters by the pressure P of the combustion chamber, and determining the number N of the branch paths of the natural gas main path, the air main path and the air cooling path and the drift paths DN of the Venturi flowmeters.
Embodiments may provide for pressure of an upstream air source
Air (a) Natural gas Oxygen gas
Upstream air supply pressure 18-18.5MPa 2.0-2.1MPa 13-13.5MPa
It is well known that gas has an important characteristic that it can be accelerated by a variable cross-section pipe so that sonic velocity is formed at the throat (i.e., where the pipe cross-section is smallest) and the flow characteristics are shown in fig. 3. For the gas flow with the throat forming sound velocity, the flow, the total temperature, the total pressure and the throat diameter have a determined relation:
Figure BDA0003231411080000122
in the formula, QmMass flow, kg/s; c is an outflow coefficient; p0Absolute stagnation pressure at the inlet, Pa; t is0Absolute stagnation temperature at the inlet, K; d, the diameter size of the throat part of the Venturi flowmeter is m;
in the calculation, C can be obtained by examining the gas properties. Traffic demand, T, provided by the embodiments0Selecting room temperature 300K, P0Or P0-PnAnd selecting according to the pressure. From the above relationship, a range of throat diameters satisfying the condition can be obtained as follows:
selectable range of the hollow point flowmeter throat: 0.94mm-2.63 mm; the throat selectable range of the natural gas point-path flowmeter is as follows: 2.4mm-5.6 mm; the selectable range of the throat of the oxygen path flowmeter is 0.98mm-1.16 mm; one path of the main air path cannot meet the flow requirement, and can be divided into two branches through iterative calculation: the selectable ranges of the flow meter are respectively 0.86mm-2.14mm and 0.86mm-2.14 mm; the selectable range of the throat of the air cooling path oxygen gas path flowmeter is 1.72mm-4.36 mm.
4) Selecting a flowmeter, and checking the upstream pressure regulating value
According to the upstream air source pressure of each branch, the drift diameter DN of the Venturi flowmeter and the required flow range Q0-QnDetermining the pressure regulating range P of a pressure regulating valve0-Pn。
Considering the convenience of a processing technology and throat measurement, the diameter of the throat selects an integer value as much as possible, and then the integer value is substituted into a relational expression to check whether the upstream pressure can meet the condition:
Figure BDA0003231411080000131
the relational expression is a mass flow calculation formula of the critical flow Venturi tube according to a fluid mechanics model, a continuity equation and a Bernoulli equation, ISO 9300:
Figure BDA0003231411080000132
the method is derived and converts the habitual length, the mass and the pressure unit of the wind tunnel test into an international unit, so that the calculation is convenient and the result can be obtained quickly and accurately on the premise of not influencing the calculation precision.
Selecting a throat of the dead-point flowmeter to be 2mm, and fixing a pressure reducing valve to be 3.45MPa when the flow is 25 g/s; the throat of the natural gas point-path flowmeter is set to be 2mm, and the fixed pressure reducing valve is 1.40MPa when the flow is 1.5 g/s; the throat of the oxygen gas path flowmeter is set to be 1.1mm, and when the flow is 10g/s-25g/s, the pressure regulating range of the pressure regulating valve is 2.17MPa-10.08 MPa; the throat of the empty main 1-path flowmeter is set to be 2mm, and when the flow is 25g/s-120g/s, the regulating range of the pressure regulating valve is 3.45MPa-16.4 MPa; the throat of the empty main 2-path flowmeter is set to be 4mm, and when the flow is 120g/s-350g/s, the regulating range of the pressure regulating valve is 4.13MPa-12.04 MPa; the throat of the air cooling path flowmeter is set to be 4mm, and when the flow is 100g/s-400g/s, the regulating range of the pressure regulating valve is 3.44MPa-13.76 MPa; the throat of the natural gas 1-way flowmeter is set to be 5mm, and when the flow is 1.5-6 g/s, the regulating range of the pressure regulating valve is 0.5-2 MPa; the throat of the natural gas 2-way flowmeter is set to be 10mm, and when the flow is 6g/s-20g/s, the regulating range of the pressure regulating valve is 0.5MPa-1.67 MPa. The following table was arranged:
Figure BDA0003231411080000141
5) determining the drift diameter of each pipeline and the Cv value of the pressure regulating valve
And determining the drift diameters of the pipelines and the switch valves, the Cv value of the pressure regulating valve, the measuring range of the pressure sensor and the like according to the maximum flow of each path (branch) and the related flow rates of various gases determined in national standards.
Under the condition of constant temperature, the relation formula can be obtained by an ideal gas equation
Figure BDA0003231411080000142
The relational expression is derived from an ideal gas equation and is converted into an international unit by the unit of the length, the mass and the pressure of the wind tunnel test habit, so that the calculation is convenient on the premise of not influencing the calculation result, and the result can be quickly and accurately obtained.
Where ρ is the gas density, kg/m2(ii) a M is the gas molar mass, mol; p is the gas pressure, MPa; 22.4 ideal gas molar volume, L; 0.1 is the gas pressure under standard conditions, MPa. The gas densities at different pressures can be obtained from the above relation, and the obtained densities are taken into the relation between flow velocity and flow:
Figure BDA0003231411080000151
wherein D is the pipe diameter, m; qmIs the gas flow, kg/s; v is the gas flow rate, m/s; ρ is the gas density, kg/m2. Refer to national standard GB 169912-1997 (GB 50184-2011 Industrial Metal pipeline engineering) oxygen and related gas safety technical regulationsThe construction quality acceptance criterion (TSGD 7006-2020) and the implementation field use condition of the pressure pipeline supervision and inspection rule can determine the flow velocity according to the relational expression to obtain the diameter of the pipeline:
Figure BDA0003231411080000152
and considering the convenience of system purchase and maintenance, the air-cooling main 2 and the air-cooling pipeline DN are 20 mm.
The Cv value is used to represent the flow coefficient of the regulating valve, and has the following formula:
1.P1＜2P2 2.P1≥2P2time of flight
Figure BDA0003231411080000153
In the formula, QgFlow (at 760mmHgabs,15.6 ℃ C.) ft3/min；SgSpecific gravity, air is 1, others are calculated according to approximate molecular weight; p1Inlet absolute pressure, bar; p2, outlet absolute pressure, bar; the pressure difference Δ P is P1-P2. The Cv value of the pressure regulating valve can be obtained preliminarily according to the relational expression.
Figure BDA0003231411080000154
6) And (6) ending.
FIG. 5 is a graph of heating data from a single test of the present invention, showing that the temperature rise during heating is smooth and continuous. The function of stepless regulation of flow in the measuring range is realized. The accurate control of typical working conditions is realized, the reheating capacity after the wind tunnel test is realized, and the test efficiency is greatly improved. The invention has clear principle, simple structure, easy realization and extremely high application value.
The above description is not meant to be limiting, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions can be made without departing from the true scope of the invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A working medium supply system for a heat storage heater in a wind tunnel experiment is characterized by comprising a natural gas point path, an air point path, a natural gas main path, an air main path, an oxygen supplementing path, a cooling air path, a pressure sensor and a flame detector;
the natural gas point way and the air point way are respectively connected with the igniter, and natural gas and air with constant flow are conveyed to the igniter through the natural gas point way and the air point way;
the natural gas main path, the air main path and the oxygen supplementing path are respectively connected with the main burner, the wide-range flow is regulated through the natural gas main path and the air main path, and oxygen input is provided for the ultra-high temperature working condition of the heat storage heater through the oxygen supplementing path;
the cooling air path is connected with the cooling combustor through an air point path; the total pressure of the igniter is measured through a pressure sensor, and the main flame of the burner is detected through a flame detector.
2. The working medium supply system for the heat storage heater in the wind tunnel experiment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural gas point path and the air point path are the same in structure and comprise a gas transmission pipeline, a sensor, a pressure reducing valve, a throttling device and a check valve, wherein the sensor is arranged in front of a valve and measures the pressure of a gas source through the sensor; the pressure reducing valve is arranged between the first valve and the second valve, the rear end of the second valve is connected with the throttling device, the tail end of the gas transmission pipeline is close to the burner interface and is connected with the check valve, and the downstream of the check valve is connected with the burner.
3. The working medium supply system for the heat storage heater in the wind tunnel experiment is characterized in that the igniter is a fixed power igniter, the natural gas point circuit and the air point circuit adopt fixed value pressure reducing valves, the natural gas point circuit and the air point circuit output media with fixed flow and pressure, and the system realizes on-off of output of the media by controlling a switch of a switch valve.
4. The working medium supply system for the heat storage heater in the wind tunnel experiment is characterized in that the main natural gas path and the main air path comprise a plurality of paths of branches with different flow coefficients, the branches are increased or reduced according to actual needs, the main natural gas path and the main air path are respectively provided with a gas transmission pipeline and a sensor for measuring the pressure of a gas source, the sensor for measuring the pressure of the gas source is arranged in front of a valve, a plurality of branch pipelines are respectively arranged behind the valve, each branch comprises a pressure regulating valve group, a sensor group for measuring the pressure behind the valve and a throttling device, the pressure of a medium is regulated by the pressure regulating valve group, the sensor for measuring the pressure behind the valve is arranged at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve group, the rear end of the valve is connected with the throttling device, the branches are combined into a pipeline behind the throttling device, the tail of the gas transmission pipeline is connected with a check valve near the interface of a combustor, and the downstream of the check valve is connected with the combustor.
5. The working medium supply system for the heat storage heater in the wind tunnel experiment according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen supply path comprises a gas transmission line, a pressure regulating valve g, a sensor i, a sensor j, a throttling device g and a check valve e, the sensor i for measuring the pressure of a gas source is arranged in front of the valve e, the pressure regulating valve g is arranged between the valve e and the valve f, the sensor j for measuring the pressure behind the valve is arranged at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve g, the throttling device g is connected behind the valve f, the check valve e is connected at the tail end of the gas transmission line close to the interface of the burner, and the check valve e is connected with the main air path through a tee joint.
6. The working medium supply system for the heat storage heater in the wind tunnel experiment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling air path (air cooling for short) comprises a gas transmission pipeline, a sensor k, a valve f, a pressure regulating valve h, a sensor l, a valve g, a throttling device h, a switch valve a, a switch valve b and a switch valve c, the sensor k for measuring the pressure of a gas source is arranged in front of the valve f, the pressure regulating valve h is arranged between the valve f and the valve g, the sensor l for measuring the pressure behind the valve is arranged at the downstream of the pressure regulating valve h, the throttling device h is connected at the rear end of the valve g, the tail of the gas transmission pipeline is connected with the inlet of a combustor cooling channel near the interface, the outlet of the combustor cooling channel is connected with the switch valve a through a pipeline, and the rear end of the switch valve a is discharged to the outside through a pipeline;
the cooling air path is divided into two paths at the outlet of the cooling channel of the burner through a tee joint, and one path is connected with a switch valve c and led to the outside; the other path is connected between the check valve d of the air main path and the burner through the back end of a switch valve b.
7. The working medium supply system for the heat storage heater in the wind tunnel experiment is characterized in that the throttling device is matched with an upstream pressure regulating valve to control flow regulation in a single branch measuring range, the throttling device is a special device based on a sonic nozzle, the device sequentially comprises an upstream pipeline, a pressure stabilizing chamber, the sonic nozzle and a downstream pipeline along the airflow direction, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on the chamber, the control of the pipeline flow is converted into the regulation of the chamber pressure through the throttling device, and the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are used for measuring the gas pressure and the temperature respectively.
8. The working medium supply system for the heat storage heater in the wind tunnel experiment is characterized in that the pressure regulating valve and the downstream pressure sensor form a closed loop, and the output value of the pressure regulating valve is adjusted in real time according to the data of the pressure sensor; and valves in contact with the working medium are all set as pneumatic valves driven by nitrogen.
9. A working medium supply construction method for a heat storage heater for a wind tunnel experiment adopts the working medium supply system for the heat storage heater for the wind tunnel experiment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the flow value or range required by each path of air supply according to the test requirements;
(2) determining the drift diameter value range and the branch number of the Venturi flowmeter of each main path or branch according to the temperature of the gas supply, the pressure of the gas source and the pressure of the combustion chamber;
(3) selecting a drift diameter of the flowmeter, and checking a pressure regulating value or range of an upstream pressure regulating valve;
(4) and determining the drift diameters of the pipelines and the switching valves and the Cv value of the pressure regulating valve according to the maximum flow of each branch.
10. The working medium supply construction method for the wind tunnel experiment heat storage heater according to the claim, characterized in that in the step (2), the working medium is supplied according to the temperature T of the supplied gas0Gas source pressure P of gas circuit0The combustion chamber pressure P determines the drift diameter DN of the Venturi flowmeters at the natural gas point and the dead point, determines the number N of the branch circuits of the natural gas main circuit, the air main circuit and the air cooling circuit and the drift diameter DN of each Venturi flowmeter, and accords with the relational expression for the gas flow of the throat forming sound velocity:
Figure FDA0003231411070000031
in the formula, QmIs the mass flow rate; c is an outflow coefficient; p0Absolute stagnation pressure at the inlet; t is0Absolute stagnation temperature at the inlet; d is the diameter size of the throat part of the Venturi flowmeter; the diameter range of the throat is calculated by the relational expression.
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