CN113683843A - Anti-aging plastic purse seine - Google Patents
Anti-aging plastic purse seine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113683843A CN113683843A CN202110977426.2A CN202110977426A CN113683843A CN 113683843 A CN113683843 A CN 113683843A CN 202110977426 A CN202110977426 A CN 202110977426A CN 113683843 A CN113683843 A CN 113683843A
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- Prior art keywords
- aging
- temperature
- stirring
- reaction
- plastic
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- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000012962 antiaging additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ON WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- JWUXJYZVKZKLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triacetonamine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)N1 JWUXJYZVKZKLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chlorotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 ketone compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000176 photostabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of plastic purse nets, in particular to an anti-aging plastic purse net, which is prepared by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyisoprene rubber, nano titanium dioxide, chlorinated paraffin and a high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive to obtain a mixture, adding the mixture into an extruder for melting and extrusion molding to obtain an anti-aging net rope, and weaving and molding the anti-aging net rope to obtain the anti-aging plastic purse net; the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive in the anti-aging plastic purse net endows the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive with good high-temperature resistance and ultraviolet resistance, and can endow the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive with better anti-aging performance, so that the service life of the anti-aging plastic purse net is prolonged, and the problem that the existing plastic purse net is aged due to the fact that the existing plastic purse net can undergo photo-oxidation, thermal-oxidation and other degradation reactions under the conditions of light, oxygen, heat and the like is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plastic purse nets, in particular to an anti-aging plastic purse net.
Background
In order to limit the poultry from moving around in the agricultural breeding industry, a plastic purse net is usually installed to limit the poultry from moving, and it is very important for poultry farmers to have a purse net with excellent quality, but the existing plastic purse net can generate photo-oxidation, thermal-oxidation and other degradation reactions under the conditions of light, oxygen, heat and the like, so that the plastic purse net is aged, the firmness of the plastic purse net is influenced, and the plastic purse net is easy to damage, thereby causing economic loss;
therefore, there is a need for an anti-aging plastic seine to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide an anti-aging plastic purse net: polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyisoprene rubber, nano titanium dioxide, chlorinated paraffin and a high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, the mixture is added into an extruder to be melted and extruded for molding to obtain an anti-aging net rope, and the anti-aging net rope is knitted for molding to obtain the anti-aging plastic purse net.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an anti-aging plastic purse seine comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100-150 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 30-65 parts of nylon, 10-25 parts of polyisoprene rubber, 5-12 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 0.5-5 parts of chlorinated paraffin and 5-25 parts of high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive;
the anti-aging plastic purse seine is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyisoprene rubber, nano titanium dioxide, chlorinated paraffin and a high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive to obtain a mixture;
step two: adding the mixture into an extruder for melting and extrusion molding to obtain the anti-aging net rope;
step three: and weaving and forming the anti-aging net rope to obtain the anti-aging plastic purse net.
As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive comprises the following steps:
a1: adding acetic acid, p-chlorotoluene and a catalyst into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and an air guide tube, introducing oxygen gas under the conditions that the temperature is 90-110 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-300r/min, stirring at constant temperature for 5-6h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration, adjusting the pH of a filtrate to 8-9 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, extracting for 2-3 times by using dichloromethane, combining extract solutions, carrying out vacuum filtration, and drying the filtrate to obtain an intermediate 1;
the reaction principle is as follows:
a2: adding the intermediate 1, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, anhydrous ferric chloride and N, N-dimethylformamide into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and a reflux condenser tube, gradually heating while stirring under the condition that the stirring speed is 350-450r/min, controlling the heating speed to be 1-5 ℃/min until the temperature is raised to 140-150 ℃, then carrying out reflux reaction for 3-4h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and carrying out rotary evaporation on the reaction product to remove the solvent to obtain an intermediate 2;
the reaction principle is as follows:
a3: mixing the intermediate 2 and zinc chloride, grinding, then placing in a vacuum drying box, drying to constant weight at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, then placing the dried product in a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen for protection, reacting at constant temperature of 300-320 ℃ for 40-50h, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, carrying out vacuum filtration on the reaction product, placing the filter cake in the vacuum drying box, drying to constant weight at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain an intermediate 3;
the reaction principle is as follows:
a4: adding triacetonamine and 1/3 anhydrous sodium sulfate into a four-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a gas-guide tube and a constant-pressure dropping funnel, introducing nitrogen for protection, stirring at the temperature of 50-55 ℃ and the stirring speed of 350-450r/min until the triacetonamine is dissolved, then dropwise adding n-butylamine while stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, adding 1/3 anhydrous sodium sulfate after the dropwise adding is finished, continuously stirring for 6-8h, then adding the rest 1/3 anhydrous sodium sulfate, heating to 60-65 ℃, and vacuumizing until anhydrous moisture is distilled off to obtain an intermediate 4;
the reaction principle is as follows:
a5: adding the intermediate 4 and deionized water into a four-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a gas guide tube and a constant-pressure dropping funnel, introducing nitrogen for protection, stirring at the stirring speed of 400-500r/min until the intermediate 4 is dissolved, then dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution while stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, then heating to 30-35 ℃ for continuous reaction for 2-3 hours, cooling a reaction product in an ice water bath after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration, placing a filter cake in a vacuum drying box, and drying at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain an intermediate 5;
the reaction principle is as follows:
a6: adding the intermediate 3 and toluene into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and a constant-pressure dropping funnel under the condition of the temperature of 0-2 ℃, stirring for 10-20min under the condition of the stirring speed of 400-500r/min, then dropwise adding the intermediate 5 under stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, after the dropwise adding is finished, heating to 20-25 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 2-3h, then dropwise adding sodium hydroxide solution under stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, after the dropwise adding is finished, heating to 80-85 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 5-6h, after the reaction is finished, cooling the reaction product to 0-5 ℃, filtering, washing the filtrate with deionized water for 2-3 times, then rotationally evaporating to remove the solvent, adding into distilled water and stirring, filtering, placing the filter cake in a vacuum drying oven, and drying at 50-60 deg.C to constant weight to obtain intermediate 6;
the reaction principle is as follows:
a7: adding the intermediate 6, triethylenetetramine, toluene and sodium hydroxide solution into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the reaction kettle, heating to 240 ℃ under the pressure of 2.0-2.5MPa, stirring at the stirring speed of 500-700r/min for reaction for 30-40h, and performing rotary evaporation on the reaction product after the reaction is finished to remove the solvent to obtain the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive.
The reaction principle is as follows:
as a further scheme of the invention: the dosage ratio of the acetic acid, the p-chlorotoluene and the catalyst in the step A1 is 40 mL: 15mL of: 4.0g, the catalyst is a mixture of cobalt and manganese according to a molar ratio of 4:1, the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1mol/L, and the oxygen flow is 30 mL/min.
As a further scheme of the invention: the dosage ratio of the intermediate 1, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, anhydrous ferric chloride and N, N-dimethylformamide in the step A2 is 0.1 mol: 0.12 mol: 8.12 g: 100 mL.
As a further scheme of the invention: the mass ratio of the intermediate 2 to the zinc chloride in the step A3 is 0.01 mol: 0.68 g.
As a further scheme of the invention: the using ratio of triacetonamine to anhydrous sodium sulfate to n-butylamine in the step A4 is 0.2 mol: 0.15 mol: 30 mL.
As a further scheme of the invention: the dosage ratio of the intermediate 4, the deionized water and the sodium borohydride solution in the step A5 is 0.18 mol: 0.2 mol: 100mL, wherein the sodium borohydride solution is sodium borohydride, and the dosage ratio is 0.2 mol: 100g of the solution was dissolved in deionized water.
As a further scheme of the invention: the dosage ratio of the intermediate 3, the toluene, the intermediate 5 and the sodium hydroxide solution in the step A6 is 0.05 mol: 100mL of: 0.11 mol: 20g, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 20%.
As a further scheme of the invention: the amount ratio of the intermediate 6, triethylenetetramine, toluene and sodium hydroxide solution in step A7 was 10.0 g: 0.63 g: 150mL of: 5.0g, and the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 20%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the anti-aging plastic purse net is prepared by uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyisoprene rubber, nano titanium dioxide, chlorinated paraffin and a high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive to obtain a mixture, adding the mixture into an extruder for melting and extrusion molding to obtain an anti-aging net rope, and weaving and molding the anti-aging net rope to obtain the anti-aging plastic purse net; the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive in the anti-aging plastic purse net endows the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive with good high-temperature resistance and ultraviolet resistance, and can endow the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive with better anti-aging performance, so that the service life of the anti-aging plastic purse net is prolonged;
in the process of preparing the anti-aging plastic purse net, a high-temperature resistant anti-aging additive is also prepared, methyl of p-chlorotoluene is oxidized by using oxygen under the action of a catalyst to form aldehyde groups to obtain an intermediate 1, then the intermediate 1 reacts with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to generate an intermediate 2, then the intermediate 2 reacts under the action of zinc chloride to generate an intermediate 3, triacetonamine reacts with n-butylamine to generate an intermediate 4, then the intermediate 4 generates an intermediate 5 under the action of sodium borohydride, then the intermediate 3 reacts with the intermediate 5, the intermediate 5 replaces two chlorine atoms on the intermediate 3, then one chlorine atom left on the intermediate 3 is connected to four nitrogen atoms of triethylene tetramine to obtain a molecular structure with eight hindered amine functional groups, and the high-temperature resistant anti-aging additive is obtained and contains a large number of benzene rings, the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive has good stability of a benzene ring, and is endowed with good high-temperature-resistant performance and ultraviolet resistance, the hindered amine functional group can be converted into corresponding nitroxide free radicals after absorbing light energy in an aerobic state, the nitroxide free radicals can capture alkyl active free radicals generated in the photo-oxidative degradation of a high polymer material and have a regeneration function in a photo-stabilization process, so that a chain reaction is inhibited to achieve a protection purpose, the hindered amine can effectively decompose peroxide to convert the peroxide into relatively stable alcohol and ketone compounds, so that the degradation of a polymer is inhibited, and the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive is endowed with better anti-aging performance by increasing the number of the hindered amine functional group, so that the high-temperature resistance, the ultraviolet resistance and the anti-aging performance of the anti-aging plastic purse net are effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment is a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive, which comprises the following steps:
a1: adding 40mL of acetic acid, 15mL of p-chlorotoluene and 4.0g of mixture of cobalt and manganese according to a molar ratio of 4:1 into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and an air guide tube, introducing oxygen at a speed of 30mL/min under the condition that the temperature is 90 ℃ and the stirring speed is 200r/min, stirring at a constant temperature for reaction for 5 hours, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration, adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 8 by using a sodium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 1mol/L, extracting for 2 times by using dichloromethane, combining extract liquor, carrying out vacuum filtration, and drying the filtrate to obtain an intermediate 1;
a2: adding 0.1mol of the intermediate 1, 0.12mol of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, 8.12g of anhydrous ferric chloride and 100mLN, N-dimethylformamide into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and a reflux condenser tube, gradually heating while stirring under the condition that the stirring speed is 350r/min, controlling the heating speed to be 1 ℃/min until the temperature is raised to 140 ℃, then carrying out reflux reaction for 3h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and carrying out rotary evaporation on the reaction product to remove the solvent to obtain an intermediate 2;
a3: mixing 0.01mol of the intermediate 2 and 0.68g of zinc chloride, grinding, then placing in a vacuum drying oven, drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight, then placing the dried product in a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen for protection, reacting at 300 ℃ for 40h at constant temperature, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, carrying out vacuum filtration on the reaction product, placing the filter cake in the vacuum drying oven, and drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight to obtain an intermediate 3;
a4: adding 0.2mol of triacetonamine and 0.05mol of anhydrous sodium sulfate into a four-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a gas guide tube and a constant-pressure dropping funnel, introducing nitrogen for protection, stirring at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the stirring speed of 350r/min until the triacetonamine is dissolved, then dropwise adding 30mL of n-butylamine while stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, adding 0.05mol of anhydrous sodium sulfate after the dropwise adding is finished, continuously stirring for 6 hours, then adding 0.05mol of anhydrous sodium sulfate, heating to 60 ℃, vacuumizing until anhydrous moisture is distilled off, and obtaining an intermediate 4;
a5: adding 0.18mol of intermediate 4 and 0.2mol of deionized water into a four-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, an air guide tube and a constant-pressure dropping funnel, introducing nitrogen for protection, stirring at a stirring speed of 400r/min until the intermediate 4 is dissolved, and then dropwise adding 100mL of sodium borohydride while stirring according to the dosage ratio of 0.2 mol: dissolving 100g of sodium borohydride solution in deionized water to form a sodium borohydride solution, controlling the dropping rate to be 1 drop/s, then heating to 30 ℃ for continuous reaction for 2 hours, cooling the reaction product in ice water bath after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration, placing a filter cake in a vacuum drying oven, and drying at 50 ℃ to constant weight to obtain an intermediate 5;
a6: adding 0.05mol of intermediate 3 and 100mL of toluene into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and a constant-pressure dropping funnel under the condition of the temperature of 0 ℃, stirring for 10min under the condition of the stirring speed of 400r/min, then dropwise adding 0.11mol of intermediate 5 under stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, after the dropwise adding is finished, heating to 20 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 2h, then dropwise adding 20g of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20% under stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, after the dropwise adding is finished, heating to 80 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 5h, after the reaction is finished, cooling a reaction product to 0 ℃, filtering, washing a filtrate for 2 times with deionized water, then rotationally evaporating to remove the solvent, adding the filtrate into distilled water for stirring, filtering, placing a filter cake into a vacuum drying oven, drying to constant weight under the condition of the temperature of 50 ℃, to obtain an intermediate 6;
a7: adding 10.0g of the intermediate 6, 0.63g of triethylenetetramine, 150mL of toluene and 5.0g of 20% sodium hydroxide solution into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the reaction kettle, heating to 220 ℃, stirring and reacting for 30 hours under the conditions that the pressure is 2.0MPa and the stirring speed is 500r/min, and performing rotary evaporation on a reaction product after the reaction is finished to remove the solvent to obtain the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive.
Example 2:
the embodiment is a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive, which comprises the following steps:
a1: adding 40mL of acetic acid, 15mL of p-chlorotoluene and 4.0g of mixture of cobalt and manganese according to a molar ratio of 4:1 into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and an air guide tube, introducing oxygen at a speed of 30mL/min under the condition that the temperature is 110 ℃ and the stirring speed is 300r/min, stirring at a constant temperature for reaction for 6 hours, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration, adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 9 by using a sodium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 1mol/L, extracting for 3 times by using dichloromethane, combining extract liquor, carrying out vacuum filtration, and drying the filtrate to obtain an intermediate 1;
a2: adding 0.1mol of the intermediate 1, 0.12mol of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, 8.12g of anhydrous ferric chloride and 100mLN, N-dimethylformamide into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and a reflux condenser tube, gradually heating while stirring under the condition that the stirring speed is 450r/min, controlling the heating speed to be 5 ℃/min until the temperature is raised to 150 ℃, then carrying out reflux reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and carrying out rotary evaporation on the reaction product to remove the solvent to obtain an intermediate 2;
a3: mixing 0.01mol of the intermediate 2 and 0.68g of zinc chloride, grinding, then placing in a vacuum drying oven, drying at 70 ℃ to constant weight, then placing the dried product in a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen for protection, reacting at 320 ℃ for 50h at constant temperature, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, carrying out vacuum filtration on the reaction product, placing the filter cake in the vacuum drying oven, and drying at 50 ℃ to constant weight to obtain an intermediate 3;
a4: adding 0.2mol of triacetonamine and 0.05mol of anhydrous sodium sulfate into a four-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a gas guide tube and a constant-pressure dropping funnel, introducing nitrogen for protection, stirring at the temperature of 55 ℃ and the stirring speed of 450r/min until the triacetonamine is dissolved, then dropwise adding 30mL of n-butylamine while stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, adding 0.05mol of anhydrous sodium sulfate after the dropwise adding is finished, continuously stirring for 8 hours, then adding 0.05mol of anhydrous sodium sulfate, heating to 65 ℃, vacuumizing until anhydrous moisture is distilled off, and obtaining an intermediate 4;
a5: adding 0.18mol of intermediate 4 and 0.2mol of deionized water into a four-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, an air guide tube and a constant-pressure dropping funnel, introducing nitrogen for protection, stirring at a stirring speed of 500r/min until the intermediate 4 is dissolved, and then dropwise adding 100mL of sodium borohydride while stirring according to the dosage ratio of 0.2 mol: dissolving 100g of sodium borohydride solution in deionized water to form a sodium borohydride solution, controlling the dropping rate to be 1 drop/s, then heating to 35 ℃ for continuous reaction for 3 hours, cooling the reaction product in an ice water bath after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration, placing a filter cake in a vacuum drying oven, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain an intermediate 5;
a6: adding 0.05mol of intermediate 3 and 100mL of toluene into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and a constant-pressure dropping funnel under the condition of the temperature of 2 ℃, stirring for 20min under the condition of the stirring speed of 500r/min, then dropwise adding 0.11mol of intermediate 5 under stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, after the dropwise adding is finished, heating to 25 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 3h, then dropwise adding 20g of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20% under stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, after the dropwise adding is finished, heating to 85 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 6h, after the reaction is finished, cooling a reaction product to 5 ℃, filtering, washing a filtrate for 3 times with deionized water, then rotationally evaporating to remove the solvent, adding into distilled water for stirring, filtering, placing a filter cake into a vacuum drying oven, drying to constant weight under the condition of 60 ℃, to obtain an intermediate 6;
a7: adding 10.0g of the intermediate 6, 0.63g of triethylenetetramine, 150mL of toluene and 5.0g of 20% sodium hydroxide solution into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the reaction kettle, heating to 240 ℃, stirring and reacting for 40 hours under the conditions that the pressure is 2.5MPa and the stirring speed is 700r/min, and after the reaction is finished, rotationally evaporating a reaction product to remove the solvent to obtain the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive.
Example 3:
the embodiment is an anti-aging plastic purse seine, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 30 parts of nylon, 10 parts of polyisoprene rubber, 5 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 0.5 part of chlorinated paraffin and 5 parts of high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive from example 1;
the anti-aging plastic purse seine is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyisoprene rubber, nano titanium dioxide, chlorinated paraffin and a high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive to obtain a mixture;
step two: adding the mixture into an extruder for melting and extrusion molding to obtain the anti-aging net rope;
step three: and weaving and forming the anti-aging net rope to obtain the anti-aging plastic purse net.
Example 4:
the embodiment is an anti-aging plastic purse seine, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
150 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 65 parts of nylon, 25 parts of polyisoprene rubber, 12 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 5 parts of chlorinated paraffin and 25 parts of the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive from example 2;
the anti-aging plastic purse seine is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyisoprene rubber, nano titanium dioxide, chlorinated paraffin and a high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive to obtain a mixture;
step two: adding the mixture into an extruder for melting and extrusion molding to obtain the anti-aging net rope;
step three: and weaving and forming the anti-aging net rope to obtain the anti-aging plastic purse net.
Comparative example 1:
comparative example 1 differs from example 4 in that a dialkyldiphenylamine is used in place of the high temperature aging-resistant additive.
Comparative example 2:
comparative example 2 is a high strength anti-aging fishing net of application No. CN 201610328164.6.
According to the requirements of GB/T16422.1-2006, UV-A365 fluorescent ultraviolet lamps are adopted to irradiate the anti-aging nets in the examples 3-4 and the comparative examples 1-2. Aging time is 500h, and ultraviolet radiation energy is 127MJ/m2。
Referring to the data in the table, it can be known from the comparison between the example and the comparative example 1 that the anti-aging effect of the high temperature resistant anti-aging additive is more excellent than that of the dialkyl diphenylamine replacement, and from the comparison between the example and the comparative example 2 that the anti-aging plastic purse net of the present invention has more excellent anti-aging performance than that of the existing high strength anti-aging fishing net, because the high temperature resistant anti-aging additive contains a large amount of benzene rings, the stability of the benzene rings is good, the high temperature resistant anti-aging additive is endowed with good high temperature resistance and ultraviolet resistance, the hindered amine functional group can be converted into corresponding nitroxide radicals after absorbing light energy in an aerobic state, the nitroxide radicals can capture alkyl active radicals generated in the photo-oxidative degradation of the high molecular material and have a regeneration function in the photo-stabilization process, thereby inhibiting the chain reaction to achieve the protection purpose, the hindered amine can effectively decompose peroxide to convert the peroxide into relatively stable alcohol and ketone compounds, so that the degradation of the polymer is inhibited, and the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive is endowed with better anti-aging performance by increasing the number of hindered amine functional groups, so that the high-temperature-resistant performance, the ultraviolet-resistant performance and the anti-aging performance of the anti-aging plastic purse net are effectively improved.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The anti-aging plastic purse seine is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
100-150 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 30-65 parts of nylon, 10-25 parts of polyisoprene rubber, 5-12 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 0.5-5 parts of chlorinated paraffin and 5-25 parts of high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive;
the anti-aging plastic purse seine is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyisoprene rubber, nano titanium dioxide, chlorinated paraffin and a high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive to obtain a mixture;
step two: adding the mixture into an extruder for melting and extrusion molding to obtain the anti-aging net rope;
step three: and weaving and forming the anti-aging net rope to obtain the anti-aging plastic purse net.
2. The anti-aging plastic seine of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the high temperature resistant anti-aging additive is as follows:
a1: adding acetic acid, p-chlorotoluene and a catalyst into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and a gas guide tube, introducing oxygen under the conditions that the temperature is 90-110 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-300r/min, stirring at constant temperature, reacting at constant temperature, stirring for 5-6h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration, adjusting the pH of a filtrate to 8-9 by using a sodium hydroxide solution, extracting for 2-3 times by using dichloromethane, combining extract liquor, carrying out vacuum filtration, and drying the filtrate to obtain an intermediate 1;
a2: adding the intermediate 1, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, anhydrous ferric chloride and N, N-dimethylformamide into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and a reflux condenser tube, gradually heating while stirring under the condition that the stirring speed is 350-450r/min, controlling the heating speed to be 1-5 ℃/min until the temperature is raised to 140-150 ℃, then carrying out reflux reaction for 3-4h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and carrying out rotary evaporation on the reaction product to obtain an intermediate 2;
a3: mixing the intermediate 2 and zinc chloride, grinding, then placing in a vacuum drying box, drying to constant weight at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, then placing the dried product in a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen for protection, reacting at constant temperature of 300-320 ℃ for 40-50h, cooling the reaction product to room temperature, carrying out vacuum filtration on the reaction product, placing the filter cake in the vacuum drying box, drying to constant weight at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain an intermediate 3;
a4: adding triacetonamine and 1/3 anhydrous sodium sulfate into a four-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a gas-guide tube and a constant-pressure dropping funnel, introducing nitrogen for protection, stirring at the temperature of 50-55 ℃ and the stirring speed of 350-450r/min until the triacetonamine is dissolved, then dropwise adding n-butylamine while stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, adding 1/3 anhydrous sodium sulfate after the dropwise adding is finished, continuously stirring for 6-8h, then adding the rest 1/3 anhydrous sodium sulfate, and vacuumizing when the temperature is raised to 60-65 ℃ to obtain an intermediate 4;
a5: adding the intermediate 4 and deionized water into a four-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a gas guide tube and a constant-pressure dropping funnel, introducing nitrogen for protection, stirring at the stirring speed of 400-500r/min until the intermediate 4 is dissolved, then dropwise adding a sodium borohydride solution while stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, then heating to 30-35 ℃ for continuous reaction for 2-3 hours, cooling a reaction product in an ice water bath after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration, placing a filter cake in a vacuum drying box, and drying at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain an intermediate 5;
a6: adding the intermediate 3 and toluene into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer and a constant-pressure dropping funnel under the condition of the temperature of 0-2 ℃, stirring for 10-20min under the condition of the stirring speed of 400-500r/min, then dropwise adding the intermediate 5 under stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, after the dropwise adding is finished, heating to 20-25 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 2-3h, then dropwise adding sodium hydroxide solution under stirring, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/s, after the dropwise adding is finished, heating to 80-85 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for reaction for 5-6h, after the reaction is finished, cooling the reaction product to 0-5 ℃, filtering, washing the filtrate with deionized water for 2-3 times, then rotationally evaporating to remove the solvent, adding into distilled water and stirring, filtering, placing the filter cake in a vacuum drying oven, and drying at 50-60 deg.C to constant weight to obtain intermediate 6;
a7: adding the intermediate 6, triethylenetetramine, toluene and sodium hydroxide solution into a reaction kettle, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the reaction kettle, heating to 240 ℃ under the pressure of 2.0-2.5MPa, stirring at the stirring speed of 500-700r/min for reaction for 30-40h, and performing rotary evaporation on the reaction product after the reaction is finished to remove the solvent to obtain the high-temperature-resistant anti-aging additive.
3. The anti-aging plastic seine of claim 2, wherein the amount ratio of the acetic acid, the p-chlorotoluene and the catalyst in step A1 is 40 mL: 15mL of: 4.0g, the catalyst is a mixture of cobalt and manganese according to a molar ratio of 4:1, the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1mol/L, and the oxygen flow is 30 mL/min.
4. The anti-aging plastic purse net of claim 2, wherein the amount ratio of the intermediate 1, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, anhydrous ferric chloride and N, N-dimethylformamide in the step A2 is 0.1 mol: 0.12 mol: 8.12 g: 100 mL.
5. The anti-aging plastic seine of claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the intermediate 2 to the zinc chloride in the step A3 is 0.01 mol: 0.68 g.
6. The anti-aging plastic seine of claim 2, wherein the triacetonamine, the anhydrous sodium sulfate and the n-butylamine are used in a ratio of 0.2mol in step a 4: 0.15 mol: 30 mL.
7. The anti-aging plastic seine of claim 2, wherein the amount ratio of the intermediate 4, deionized water and sodium borohydride solution in step A5 is 0.18 mol: 0.2 mol: 100mL, wherein the sodium borohydride solution is sodium borohydride, and the dosage ratio is 0.2 mol: 100g of the solution was dissolved in deionized water.
8. The anti-aging plastic seine of claim 2, wherein the intermediate 3, the toluene, the intermediate 5 and the sodium hydroxide solution in the step A6 are used in an amount ratio of 0.05 mol: 100mL of: 0.11 mol: 20g, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 20%.
9. The anti-aging plastic seine of claim 2, wherein the amount ratio of the intermediate 6, triethylenetetramine, toluene and sodium hydroxide solution in step a7 is 10.0 g: 0.63 g: 150mL of: 5.0g, and the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 20%.
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113880752A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-04 | 江苏富比亚化学品有限公司 | Synthesis process of N-butyl-2, 2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidylamine |
CN114686016A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-01 | 安徽鸿森塑业科技股份有限公司 | Waste plastic regenerated high-weather-resistance plastic purse net and preparation method thereof |
CN116656061A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-08-29 | 双登电缆股份有限公司 | Heat-resistant anti-aging polyvinyl chloride cable material and preparation process thereof |
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CN104782593A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-22 | 巢湖市鼎盛渔具有限公司 | Wear-resisting and aging-resisting fishing net |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113880752A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-04 | 江苏富比亚化学品有限公司 | Synthesis process of N-butyl-2, 2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidylamine |
CN114686016A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-01 | 安徽鸿森塑业科技股份有限公司 | Waste plastic regenerated high-weather-resistance plastic purse net and preparation method thereof |
CN116656061A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-08-29 | 双登电缆股份有限公司 | Heat-resistant anti-aging polyvinyl chloride cable material and preparation process thereof |
CN116656061B (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2024-04-02 | 双登电缆股份有限公司 | Heat-resistant anti-aging polyvinyl chloride cable material and preparation process thereof |
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