CN113683322B - Method for physical and chemical separation of waste incineration fly ash and preparation of cementing material - Google Patents
Method for physical and chemical separation of waste incineration fly ash and preparation of cementing material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113683322B CN113683322B CN202111053469.8A CN202111053469A CN113683322B CN 113683322 B CN113683322 B CN 113683322B CN 202111053469 A CN202111053469 A CN 202111053469A CN 113683322 B CN113683322 B CN 113683322B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/243—Mixtures thereof with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/04—Chlorides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The patent discloses a method for physical and chemical separation of waste incineration fly ash and preparation of a cementing material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: dispersing fly ash in an organic solvent, and obtaining a calcium material, a chlorine material and a carbon material through physical separation and filtration; adding a stabilizer, a curing agent, a pore reducing agent and a plasticizer into the calcium material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a cementing material; adding water and a trapping agent into the chlorine material, and filtering to obtain metal slag and a chlorine salt solution; the carbon material is sent into a garbage incinerator for combustion. The method has the characteristics of low production cost and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of resource utilization of household garbage incineration fly ash, in particular to separation and high-quality application of components in incineration fly ash.
Background
With the rapid increase of the quantity of urban domestic garbage, simple direct landfill can not meet the urban development requirement, and the garbage incineration technology is more mature in recent years. Waste incineration fly ash (hereinafter referred to as fly ash) generated in the waste incineration process is classified as HW 18-class hazardous waste by the nation as containing heavy metals such as Zn, cd, pb, hg and the like and organic pollutants such as dioxin and the like. According to the data of the national statistical bureau, about 400 seats of the operated waste incineration power plants are built nationwide by 2018, the annual generation amount of fly ash reaches 700 kilotons, and the fly ash is increased at the speed of 8-10% per year. The main treatment mode of the household garbage incineration fly ash is to enter a garbage landfill plant for landfill treatment after the household garbage incineration fly ash reaches the sanitary landfill standard through cement or medicament solidification and stabilization, but the method can occupy a large amount of land resources, so that the capacity of a landfill yard is seriously insufficient, the investment cost is high, and secondary pollution to the environment is easily caused; in addition, the fly ash is adopted to prepare cement, so that the problems of high content of chloride ions, over-standard total amount of heavy metals in cement clinker and the like are easily caused, therefore, the doping amount of the fly ash is not more than 10 percent generally, and the problems can cause that a large amount of fly ash can not be treated and the environment is polluted. Therefore, how to economically, safely and effectively treat and utilize the waste incineration fly ash becomes a key of environmental management in China at present [ lujia, zhangsi, nivini, etc.. The research progress of solidification and comprehensive utilization of the waste incineration fly ash [ J ]. Metal mine, 2019, (12): 182-187].
Aiming at the problems that the fly ash from waste incineration cannot be effectively recycled, the environmental pollution is caused and the like, the defects that the fly ash direct washing method has large water consumption, poor field working conditions and high energy consumption during salt concentration are avoided, the patent provides a physical and chemical separation and high-quality application method of each component in the fly ash from incineration, and the recycling utilization of the fly ash is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the prior art, the method can improve the added value of products, improve the production efficiency, realize the cyclic utilization of resources and have remarkable economic and social benefits.
A method for physical and chemical separation of waste incineration fly ash and preparation of a cementing material comprises the following steps:
dispersing fly ash in an organic solvent, and obtaining a calcium material, a chlorine material and a carbon material through physical separation and filtration; adding a stabilizer, a curing agent, a pore reducing agent and a plasticizer into the calcium material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a cementing material; adding water and a trapping agent into the chlorine material, and filtering to obtain metal slag and a chlorine salt solution; feeding the carbon material into a waste incinerator for combustion and recovery; wherein the organic solvent is one of ethanol, kerosene and acetone; the physical separation method is one of cyclone separation, jigging separation and chute separation.
The adding amount of the organic solvent is 300-500% of the mass of the fly ash.
The stabilizer is one of zeolite, attapulgite clay and bentonite, and the addition amount is 10-30% of the mass of the fly ash.
The curing agent is one of tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and calcium aluminoferrite, and the adding amount of the curing agent is 30-50% of the mass of the fly ash.
The pore reducing agent is one of vinyl acetate rubber powder, acrylate rubber powder and styrene rubber powder, and the addition amount of the pore reducing agent is 2-10% of the mass of the fly ash.
The plasticizer is one of sodium polycarboxylate, sodium naphthalene sulfonate and sodium sulfamate, and the addition amount of the plasticizer is 0.1-2.0% of the mass of the fly ash.
The addition amount of the water is 50-100% of the mass of the fly ash.
The trapping agent is one of sodium dithiocarbamate, xanthic acid and sodium trithiocarbonate, and the addition amount is 1-5% of the mass of the fly ash.
The separation process of different chlorine salts in the chlorine salt solution is one of a thermal evaporation-flash evaporation method and a thermal evaporation-freezing method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the calcium material, the chlorine material and the carbon material are insoluble in the organic solvent, the density and the particle size of various materials are greatly different, the materials can be separated by a physical mineral separation method, the organic solvent has no corrosivity on equipment, the corrosion of the equipment by using water as the solvent is avoided, and the service life and the safety of the equipment are prolonged. After the materials are physically separated, the organic solvent obtained after filtration can be recycled, and the cycle number of the organic solvent is 3-50. Dioxin in the fly ash can be dissolved in organic solution, so that the condition that the dioxin enters separated materials to influence the safety of the materials is avoided. When the concentration of dioxin in the recycled organic solvent influences the safety of materials, the organic solvent is sprayed into a garbage incinerator to decompose the dioxin, and the organic solvent is used as fuel of the incinerator to increase the generated energy of a boiler.
The physical separation has the advantages of simple equipment, high production efficiency and low cost, and the purity of the calcium material is more than 90 percent and the purity of the carbon material is more than 85 percent after the physical separation. The equipment adopted for jigging and sorting is a filling column type jigger or a common jigger.
The stabilizing agent has strong adsorption capacity, can adsorb harmful impurities in the calcium material in the material, and can react with the calcium material to generate hydrated silicon/calcium aluminate minerals, thereby being beneficial to improving the physical and chemical properties of the cementing material.
The curing agent has hydration activity, and generates hydrated silicon/calcium aluminate minerals after reacting with water when in use, so that the cementing material has higher strength and corrosion resistance, and meets the requirements of national building material standards.
The pore reducing agent is filled in the pores of the artificial stone after the gelled material reacts with water to generate the artificial stone, so that the pores of the artificial stone are reduced by 90%, the density of the artificial stone is improved, and the strength and the chemical corrosion resistance of the artificial stone are improved.
The plasticizer improves the plasticity of the cementing material, reduces the addition of water when the cementing material is mixed with water, and improves the strength and the chemical corrosion resistance of the artificial stone.
The gelled material produced by the calcium material meets the national standard requirement (the technical specification for controlling the fly ash pollution of the incineration of the household garbage (HJ 1134)). The strength test of the gelled material determines the water addition amount according to the standard consistency, stirring, forming, demoulding after 1 day, and the compressive strength is measured after curing for 28 days according to the cement standard, and the experiment is according to the national standard (GBT 17671-1999 cement mortar strength test method (ISO method)).
Because the low-boiling point metal elements Zn, cd, pb and Hg are concentrated on the surface of the fly ash through evaporation and condensation, the fly ash has small particle size and is mixed into the chlorine material during physical separation of the fly ash. Adding water and a trapping agent into the chlorine material, precipitating metal elements in a solid form to obtain metal slag, and introducing chlorine salt into an aqueous solution. The content of metal elements in the chlorine salt solution is lower than 10% of the standard limit value in the national standard 'hazardous waste identification standard-leaching toxicity identification (GB 5085.3)', and the chlorine salt solution can be used as a common industrial raw material. The metal slag is used as a raw material of a nonferrous smelting plant to recover metal elements.
The carbonaceous material is mainly derived from activated carbon adopted during waste incineration flue gas treatment, and is fed into the waste incinerator for combustion, so that fuel is provided for the incinerator, and the power generation capacity of the boiler is increased. The carbonaceous material can also be separated from the fly ash by an electric separation method, and then the calcium material and the chlorine material are separated by re-selection.
The separation process of different chlorine salts in the chlorine salt solution is one of a thermal evaporation-flash evaporation method and a thermal evaporation-freezing method, the separated sodium chloride meets the secondary requirement of the national standard (GB/T5462) industrial salt, and the potassium chloride meets the secondary requirement of the national standard (GB/T7118) industrial salt.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Dispersing fly ash in an organic solvent, and obtaining a calcium material, a chlorine material and a carbon material through physical separation and filtration; adding a stabilizer, a curing agent, a pore reducing agent and a plasticizer into the calcium material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a cementing material; adding water and a trapping agent into the chlorine material, and filtering to obtain metal slag and a chlorine salt solution; the carbon material is sent into a waste incinerator for combustion and recovery. Organic solvent, physical separation method, purity of calcium material and purity of carbon material, see table 1. Stabilizers, curing agents, pore reducing agents, plasticizer formulations and cement strengths are shown in table 2. Water and trapping agent formulations, different salt separation methods in chloride solution, see table 3.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented and achieved, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Claims (4)
1. A method for physical and chemical separation of waste incineration fly ash and preparation of a cementing material is characterized by comprising the following steps: dispersing fly ash in an organic solvent, and obtaining a calcium material, a chlorine material and a carbon material through physical separation and filtration; adding a stabilizer, a curing agent, a pore reducing agent and a plasticizer into the calcium material, and uniformly mixing to obtain a cementing material; adding water and a trapping agent into the chlorine material, and filtering to obtain metal slag and a chlorine salt solution; feeding the carbon material into a waste incinerator for combustion and recovery; wherein the organic solvent is one of ethanol, kerosene and acetone; the physical separation method is one of cyclone separation, jigging separation and chute separation; the stabilizer is one of zeolite, attapulgite clay and bentonite, and the addition amount is 10-30% of the mass of the fly ash; the curing agent is one of tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and calcium aluminoferrite, and the addition amount of the curing agent is 30-50% of the mass of the fly ash; the pore reducing agent is one of vinyl acetate rubber powder, acrylate rubber powder and styrene rubber powder, and the addition amount is 2-10% of the mass of the fly ash; the plasticizer is one of sodium polycarboxylate, sodium naphthalene sulfonate and sodium sulfamate, and the addition amount of the plasticizer is 0.1-2.0% of the mass of the fly ash; the trapping agent is one of sodium dithiocarbamate, xanthic acid and sodium trithiocarbonate, and the addition amount is 1-5% of the mass of the fly ash.
2. The method for physical and chemical separation of fly ash from waste incineration and preparation of a binding material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the organic solvent added is 300-500% of the mass of the fly ash.
3. The method for physical and chemical separation of fly ash from waste incineration and preparation of cement material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water is added in an amount of 50-100% of the mass of the fly ash.
4. The method for physical and chemical separation of waste incineration fly ash and preparation of the cementing material according to claim 1, wherein the separation process of different chlorine salts in the chlorine salt solution is one of a thermal evaporation-flash evaporation method and a thermal evaporation-freezing method.
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| CN202111053469.8A CN113683322B (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Method for physical and chemical separation of waste incineration fly ash and preparation of cementing material |
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| CN202111053469.8A CN113683322B (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Method for physical and chemical separation of waste incineration fly ash and preparation of cementing material |
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| CN113683322B true CN113683322B (en) | 2023-02-17 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101333084A (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2008-12-31 | 上海大学 | Technological process for preprocessing refuse burning fly-ash to be cement raw materials |
| CN101797575A (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2010-08-11 | 天津城市建设学院 | Flyash treatment method for waste incineration |
| CN108036323A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-15 | 长沙中硅水泥技术开发有限公司 | The system and method that cement kiln cooperates with multifuel combustion garbage flying ash and sludge eco-cement |
| CN109133472A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-04 | 丁仲军 | Garbage flying ash resource utilization treatment process |
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- 2021-09-09 CN CN202111053469.8A patent/CN113683322B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101333084A (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2008-12-31 | 上海大学 | Technological process for preprocessing refuse burning fly-ash to be cement raw materials |
| CN101797575A (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2010-08-11 | 天津城市建设学院 | Flyash treatment method for waste incineration |
| CN108036323A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-15 | 长沙中硅水泥技术开发有限公司 | The system and method that cement kiln cooperates with multifuel combustion garbage flying ash and sludge eco-cement |
| CN109133472A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-04 | 丁仲军 | Garbage flying ash resource utilization treatment process |
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