CN113681079A - Adjustable high-precision combined reamer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an adjustable high-precision combined reamer. Comprises a cutter bar, a cutter head and a connecting rod. During the use, each holding screw supports against the cooperation with the surface of cutter arbor linkage segment and is connected in order to realize cutter arbor and connecting rod, through adjusting each holding screw in order to realize the fine setting to tool bit and cutter arbor axiality. This combined reamer had both guaranteed to have integral tool bit high accuracy characteristics, possessed the characteristics that split type tool bit economy conveniently changed again, and the cutter arbor can also be adjusted the axiality between the handle of a knife of whole reamer and equipment and the axiality of reamer self tool bit and cutter arbor. And the tool bit adopts eight edges, and the sword is more, and cutting efficiency is higher, because the contained angle of eight cutting edges each other is diverse moreover, for the extremely asymmetric structure in the field of rotation, when high-speed rotatory, this kind of asymmetry can make centripetal force better to reach better cutting effect.

Description

Adjustable high-precision combined reamer

Technical Field

The invention relates to an adjustable high-precision combined reamer.

Background

The reamer is a rotary tool having one or more teeth for cutting a thin layer of metal on the surface of a machined hole, and the reamer is a rotary finishing tool having a straight edge or a spiral edge for reaming or repairing the hole. The processing precision requirement of the reamer is usually higher than that of a drill bit due to the fact that the cutting amount of the reamer is small, and the reamer can be operated manually or installed on a drilling machine to work. The reamer is used for reaming drilled (or reamed) holes on a workpiece, mainly for improving the machining precision of the holes and reducing the roughness of the surfaces of the holes, is a tool for finish machining and semi-finish machining of the holes, and generally has small machining allowance. The reamer structure is mainly composed of a working part and a handle part. The working part mainly has the functions of cutting and calibrating, and the diameter of the calibrating part has an inverted cone. The shank is used to be clamped by the clamp and is divided into a straight shank and a taper shank.

The reamer is used as a finish machining tool, the machining of the reamer is usually the final process of hole machining, and the surface roughness and the cylindricity of a hole after reaming are required to reach high precision.

Conventional reamers are broadly classified into the following:

1. traditional integral type reamer, this kind of reamer tool bit and cutter arbor structure as an organic whole, because the reamer requires highly to the material, material cost is higher, because the cutting edge can wear and tear when using, the integral type reamer then wholly scraps after reaching life, unable used repeatedly, leads to a large amount of materials extravagant.

2. The blade welding type reamer is characterized in that a blade bar with a blade is welded on a cutter bar, a new blade bar is welded after the blade bar is abraded and can be welded again, the reamer saves materials, but the stress concentration of the reamer is caused by heating during welding, high temperature is generated due to high-speed cutting in the subsequent machining process, the welding coating becomes thin, the stress deformation and the like, the accuracy of the processed aperture cannot be guaranteed, the stability is poor, and the requirement of high-precision processing cannot be met.

3. The reamer is in use, because the reamer rotates at high speed, the rotation speed is as high as 4000 revolutions per minute, and the blade bar is continuously subjected to cutting stress, the screw can be loosened, so that the blade bar slightly shakes, the hole processing precision is influenced, and therefore, the reamer can only be used for processing low-precision holes, for example, the hole diameter difference is not more than 6 mu m, the cylindricity is not more than 5 mu m, and the roughness requirement is higher, and the reamer cannot be used; on the other hand, because a plurality of cutting edges of the reamer are independently connected with the cutter bar, the cutting edges of the cutting edges are difficult to be ensured to be positioned on the same circumference accurately, a high-precision instrument is required to be adopted, a large amount of time and energy are spent on cutter adjustment, and the processing precision is influenced due to improper adjustment.

4. The blade is in a screw connection type, for example, the reamer disclosed in the patent application publication No. CN108555393A, the blade of the reamer is connected with one end of the cutter bar through a screw, the screw is arranged in a direction parallel to the axis of the cutter bar, the blade needs a plurality of screws distributed in the circumferential direction to be connected with the end face of the cutter bar, and the structure still has the problem that the blade is easy to cause screw loosening during high-speed cutting, so that the blade part of the blade is deflected, and the processing precision is influenced; moreover, when the blade is connected with the cutter bar, in order to ensure that the axis of the blade completely coincides with the axis of the cutter bar, the tightness degree of each circumferentially distributed screw needs to be adjusted repeatedly, the adjustment process is very complicated and laborious, the machining precision is slightly and seriously affected carelessly, and the stability needs to be improved urgently, so that the reamer still cannot process a high-precision hole.

Therefore, with the increase of the requirement for high-precision hole machining, a reamer having high machining precision, convenient disassembly and replacement to ensure economy and high rigidity is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an adjustable high-precision combined reamer which has high processing precision, can be conveniently disassembled and replaced to ensure economy and has high rigidity.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

an adjustable high-precision combined reamer comprises:

one end of the cutter bar is a sleeve part with an installation cavity, two threaded through holes which are symmetrically arranged around the axis or at least three threaded through holes which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are arranged on the sleeve part, a set screw is screwed in each threaded through hole, and the threaded through holes are communicated with the installation cavity so that the end part of the set screw can enter the installation cavity;

the cutter head is used for cutting, a plurality of blades are distributed on the outer surface of the cutter head, and the cutter head is coaxially provided with an inner taper hole;

the connecting rod comprises a middle section, and a cutter head connecting section and a cutter bar connecting section which are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle section, the outer surface of the cutter head connecting section is an outer conical surface matched with the inner conical hole, the cutter head and the cutter head connecting section are in splicing fit with the outer conical surface through the inner conical hole, and the inner conical hole and the outer conical surface are in rotation stopping fit with the rotation stopping groove through a rotation stopping pin; the outer dimension of the cutter bar connecting section is consistent with that of the installation cavity, and the cutter bar connecting section is in rotation stopping fit with the installation cavity through a rotation stopping structure;

during the use, each holding screw supports against the cooperation with the surface of cutter arbor linkage segment and is connected in order to realize cutter arbor and connecting rod, through adjusting each holding screw in order to realize the fine setting to tool bit and cutter arbor axiality.

The scheme has the following beneficial effects: the reamer adopts a split structure, so that a tool bit serving as an easily-worn part can be conveniently replaced, and the economy of the reamer is improved; meanwhile, compared with the traditional reamer, the connecting rod originally used as one part of the cutter head can be reused, so that the consumption of consumables is further reduced; more importantly, the connection between the cutter bar and the connecting rod is realized through a plurality of set screws, and the set screws are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and are matched with an adjusting instrument to realize the adjustment of the coaxiality between the cutter bar and the connecting rod, which cannot be realized in the prior art, so that the coaxiality of the hinged hole is greatly influenced, the coaxiality precision of the processed hole can be greatly improved, and the coaxiality error is reduced, which is one of the preconditions for realizing high-precision processing, and the setting of the adjusting structure can compensate the errors caused by the installation and the processing of parts, machine tools and the like; moreover, the cutter head and the connecting rod are matched through the inner conical hole and the outer conical surface, so that not only can precise centering be realized, but also the mutual attaching degree is very high, and the small jumping amount is ensured during high-speed rotation; on the other hand, the cutter head and the connecting rod are in taper fit, the connecting rod and the cutter bar are in tight connection through a precisely positioned screw, and the connection is tight and stable, so that the overall rigidity of the reamer is high, and the machining precision is further improved.

On the basis of the scheme, the tool holder is further improved in the following way, the mounting cavity is a conical hole, and the tool holder connecting section is a conical table matched with the tool holder connecting section.

The scheme has the following beneficial effects: the structure enables the connection rod and the cutter bar to be attached more tightly, reduces the shaking amount of the connection rod and the cutter bar which are matched with each other as much as possible, and has a guiding effect when the connection rod and the cutter bar are matched with each other in a plug-in mounting manner.

On the basis of the scheme, the screw positioning surface is further improved in the following manner, and the screw positioning surface is arranged on the cutter bar connecting section in one-to-one correspondence with the thread through holes.

The scheme has the following beneficial effects: the setting of screw locating surface makes the set screw difficult slip or dislocation when butt joint with the connecting rod, further promotes the accurate nature of location, and the convenience is to the regulation of the axiality between cutter arbor and the connecting rod.

On the basis of the scheme, the screw positioning surface is a plane.

The scheme has the following beneficial effects: the plane is as the screw locating surface, when cooperating with holding screw, when the connecting rod moves for the cutter arbor, ensures that each holding screw is supported on the screw locating surface perpendicularly all the time for holding screw atress is towards self axis all the time, the moment of flexure can not appear.

On the basis of the scheme, the structure is further improved as follows, two outer rotation stopping planes parallel to the axis are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the end part of the cutter bar connecting section to form a flat tail structure, a rotation stopping hole corresponding to the flat tail structure is formed in the rear end of the installation cavity, inner rotation stopping planes symmetrically arranged are arranged on the hole wall of the rotation stopping hole, and the inner rotation stopping planes and the outer rotation stopping planes form the rotation stopping structure.

The scheme has the following beneficial effects: the structure has the characteristic of convenient matching while realizing the function of rotation stopping matching between the two to transmit main torque.

On the basis of the scheme, the anti-rotation device is further improved in that the anti-rotation pin is integrally arranged on the hole wall of the inner conical hole, and the anti-rotation groove is arranged on the outer conical surface.

In addition to the above aspect, the number of the threaded perforations in the sleeve portion is even and not less than four, and the threaded perforations are divided into two parallel rows in the axial direction of the sleeve portion.

The scheme has the following beneficial effects: the upper row and the lower row not only can increase the fixed firmness, but also can realize the adjustment of more angles of the connecting rod.

On the basis of the scheme, the screw thread punching device is further improved in that the number of the screw thread punching holes is eight.

On the basis of the scheme, the included angle between any two adjacent cutting edges in each cutting edge of the cutter head is further improved.

The scheme has the following beneficial effects: when the high-speed rotation, the octadentate structure is because the contained angle is different respectively, and the operation is just asymmetric for centripetal force is better, does benefit to the cutting.

On the basis of the scheme, the cutter is further improved in the following way, and the cutter head is provided with eight cutting edges.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a combined structure of an embodiment of an adjustable high-precision combined reamer according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the connecting rod of the drawings;

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a view taken along line A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a front view of one end of the sleeve portion of the tool holder;

FIG. 7 is an axial view of the cutter head;

in the figure: 1-a cutter bar, 11-a sleeve part, 12-a threaded perforation, 14-a mounting cavity and 15-an inner rotation-stopping plane; 2-cutter head, 21-blade, 22-inner taper hole and 23-rotation stopping pin; 3-connecting rod, 31-middle section, 32-cutter head connecting section, 321-external conical surface, 322-rotation stopping groove, 323-threaded hole, 33-cutter bar connecting section, 331-screw positioning surface, 332-external rotation stopping plane and 4-connecting screw.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

One embodiment of the present invention: the combined reamer can be used for processing high-precision holes, the rotating speed can reach 3000-4000 revolutions per minute, the roughness of the holes which can be processed can be guaranteed to be within Ra0.3 for ductile iron (the smallest reamer in the market is also more than Ra1.0), the roughness of a steel piece can reach Ra0.007 (the smallest reamer in the market is also about Ra0.4), the upper and lower difference of the hole diameter is required to be not more than 6 mu m, and the cylindricity is not more than 5 mu m. This combined reamer had both guaranteed to have integral tool bit high accuracy characteristics, possessed the characteristics that split type tool bit economy conveniently changed again, and the cutter arbor can also be adjusted the axiality between the handle of a knife of whole reamer and equipment and the axiality of reamer self tool bit and cutter arbor. And the tool bit adopts eight edges, and the sword is more, and cutting efficiency is higher, because the contained angle of eight cutting edges each other is diverse moreover, for the extremely asymmetric structure in the field of rotation, when high-speed rotatory, this kind of asymmetry can make centripetal force better to reach better cutting effect.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the adjustable high-precision combined reamer comprises a reamer shank 1, a reamer head 2 and a connecting rod 3.

One end of the cutter bar 1 is a sleeve part 11 with a mounting cavity 14, two threaded through holes 12 which are symmetrically arranged around an axis or at least three threaded through holes 12 which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are arranged on the sleeve part 11, a set screw is screwed in the threaded through holes 12, and the threaded through holes 12 are communicated with the mounting cavity 14 so that the end part of the set screw can enter the mounting cavity 14; the cutter head 2 is used for cutting, a plurality of blades 21 are distributed on the outer surface of the cutter head 2, and an inner taper hole 22 is coaxially arranged on the cutter head 2; the connecting rod 3 comprises a middle section 31, and a cutter head connecting section 32 and a cutter bar connecting section 33 which are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle section 31, the outer surface of the cutter head connecting section 32 is an outer conical surface 321 matched with the inner conical hole 22, the cutter head 2 and the cutter head connecting section 32 are in inserted fit with the outer conical surface 321 through the inner conical hole 22, and the inner conical hole 22 and the outer conical surface 321 are in rotation stopping fit through a rotation stopping pin 23 and a rotation stopping groove 322; the outer dimension of the cutter bar connecting section 33 is consistent with that of the installation cavity 14, and the cutter bar connecting section 33 is in rotation stopping fit with the installation cavity 14 through a rotation stopping structure; during the use, each holding screw supports against the cooperation with the surface of cutter arbor linkage segment 33 and is connected in order to realize cutter arbor 1 and connecting rod 3, through adjusting each holding screw in order to realize the fine setting to tool bit 2 and cutter arbor 1 axiality. The reamer adopts a split structure, so that the cutter head 2 as an easily-worn part can be conveniently replaced, and the economy of the reamer is improved; meanwhile, compared with the traditional reamer, the connecting rod 3 originally used as one part of the cutter head 2 can be reused, so that the consumption of consumables is further reduced; more importantly, the connection between the cutter bar 1 and the connecting rod 3 is realized through a plurality of set screws, and the set screws are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and are matched with an adjusting instrument to realize the adjustment of the coaxiality between the cutter bar 1 and the connecting rod 3, which cannot be realized in the prior art, so that the coaxiality of the hinged hole is greatly influenced, the coaxiality precision of the processed hole can be greatly improved, and the coaxiality error is reduced, which is one of the precondition for realizing high-precision processing, and the setting of the adjusting structure can compensate the errors caused by the installation and processing of parts, machine tools and the like; moreover, the cutter head 2 and the connecting rod 3 are matched through the inner conical hole 22 and the outer conical surface 321, so that not only can precise centering be realized, but also the mutual attaching degree is high, and the small jumping amount is ensured during high-speed rotation; on the other hand, the cutter head 2 and the connecting rod 3 are in taper fit, the connecting rod 3 and the cutter bar 1 are in tight connection through a precisely positioned screw, and the connection is tight and stable, so that the overall rigidity of the reamer is high, and the machining precision is further improved.

The mounting cavity 14 is a tapered hole, and the tool bar connecting section 33 is a tapered platform matched with the tool bar connecting section. The structure enables the connecting rod 3 and the cutter bar 1 to be attached more tightly, reduces the shake amount of the connection between the connecting rod and the cutter bar 1 as much as possible, and has a guiding effect when being in insertion fit. The cutter bar connecting section 33 is provided with screw positioning surfaces 331 corresponding to the threaded through holes 12 one by one. The setting of screw locating surface 331 makes the set screw difficult slip or dislocation when butt joint with connecting rod 3, further promotes the accurate nature of location, and the convenience is to the regulation of the axiality between cutter arbor 1 and the connecting rod 3. The screw positioning surface 331 is planar. The plane is used as a screw positioning surface 331, when the plane is matched with a set screw, when the connecting rod 3 moves relative to the cutter bar 1, each set screw is ensured to be vertically propped against the screw positioning surface 331 all the time, the stress of the set screw is enabled to face to the axis of the set screw all the time, and no bending moment occurs. Two outer rotation stopping planes 332 parallel to the axis are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the end of the cutter bar connecting section 33 to form a flat tail structure, a rotation stopping hole corresponding to the flat tail structure is formed in the rear end of the installation cavity 14, inner rotation stopping planes 15 symmetrically arranged are arranged on the hole wall of the rotation stopping hole, and the inner rotation stopping planes and the outer rotation stopping planes form the rotation stopping structure. The structure has the characteristic of convenient matching while realizing the function of rotation stopping matching between the two to transmit main torque. The rotation stop pin 23 is integrally provided on the hole wall of the inner tapered hole 22, and the rotation stop groove 322 is provided on the outer tapered surface 321. The number of the threaded through holes 12 in the sleeve portion 11 is even and not less than four, and the threaded through holes 12 are divided into two parallel rows in the axial direction of the sleeve portion 11. The upper row and the lower row not only can increase the fixed firmness, but also can realize the adjustment of more angles of the connecting rod 3. The threaded through-hole 12 has eight. The included angle between any two adjacent cutting edges 21 of the cutting head 2 is different. When the high-speed rotation, the octadentate structure is because the contained angle is different respectively, and the operation is just asymmetric for centripetal force is better, does benefit to the cutting. The cutting head 2 is provided with eight cutting edges 21.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a combined reamer assembly state, and it should be noted that, in order to facilitate the observation of the fit relationship, the internal structure is shown, but the internal structure cannot be seen from the outside of the actual product. According to the view relationship in the figure, the connecting screw 4, the tool bit 2, the connecting rod 3 and the tool bar 1 are arranged from left to right in sequence, wherein the connecting screw 4 is used for connecting and fixing the tool bit 2 and the tool bit connecting section 32 of the connecting rod 3 together, and a threaded hole 323 is formed in the center of the tool bit connecting section 32 and can be used for screwing in the connecting screw 4, so that the tool bit 2 is pressed on the tool bit connecting section 32. The bit connecting section 32 is inserted into the inner taper hole 22 of the bit 2 and is aligned and attached to the inner taper hole 22 through the outer taper surface 321, and when the bit connecting section is inserted, the rotation stopping pin 23 on the inner taper hole 22 is correspondingly inserted into the rotation stopping groove 322 of the outer taper surface 321, so that rotation stopping matching is realized. The middle section 31 is cylindrical, and the end surfaces of the two ends of the middle section are respectively and tightly abutted and matched with the end surfaces of the cutter head 2 and the cutter bar 1, so that the integral rigidity is improved. The cutter bar connecting section 33 of the connecting rod 3 is inserted into the mounting cavity 14 of the sleeve part 11 of the cutter bar 1, and is centered, positioned and attached with the structure of the tapered hole of the mounting cavity 14 through the structure of the tapered platform, and is in rotation stopping fit with the rotation stopping hole by virtue of the flat tail structure at the tail end, the rotation stopping structure is a main force transmission structure between the connecting rod 3 and the cutter bar 1, two rows of eight threaded through holes 12 and corresponding set screws arranged on the sleeve part 11 of the cutter bar 1 can be simultaneously in abutting fit with the corresponding screw positioning surfaces 331 on the cutter bar connecting section 33, so that the connection and fixation between the cutter bar 1 and the connecting rod 3 can be realized, and when the coaxiality between the cutter bar 1 and the connecting rod 3 needs to be adjusted or the coaxiality between the whole reamer and the cutter handle of equipment needs to be adjusted, the connection and fixation between the cutter bar 1 and the connecting rod 3 can be realized by finely adjusting the tightness of the set screws with the aid of a contrast instrument.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all structural changes that can be made by using the contents of the description and the drawings of the present invention are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a high accuracy gang reamer with adjustable which characterized in that includes:

one end of the cutter bar is a sleeve part with an installation cavity, two threaded through holes which are symmetrically arranged around the axis or at least three threaded through holes which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are arranged on the sleeve part, a set screw is screwed in each threaded through hole, and the threaded through holes are communicated with the installation cavity so that the end part of the set screw can enter the installation cavity;

the cutter head is used for cutting, a plurality of blades are distributed on the outer surface of the cutter head, and the cutter head is coaxially provided with an inner taper hole;

the connecting rod comprises a middle section, and a cutter head connecting section and a cutter bar connecting section which are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle section, the outer surface of the cutter head connecting section is an outer conical surface matched with the inner conical hole, the cutter head and the cutter head connecting section are in splicing fit with the outer conical surface through the inner conical hole, and the inner conical hole and the outer conical surface are in rotation stopping fit with the rotation stopping groove through a rotation stopping pin; the outer dimension of the cutter bar connecting section is consistent with that of the installation cavity, and the cutter bar connecting section is in rotation stopping fit with the installation cavity through a rotation stopping structure;

during the use, each holding screw supports against the cooperation with the surface of cutter arbor linkage segment and is connected in order to realize cutter arbor and connecting rod, through adjusting each holding screw in order to realize the fine setting to tool bit and cutter arbor axiality.

2. The adjustable high-precision combined reamer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mounting cavity is a tapered hole, and the connecting section of the arbor is a tapered table fitted with the mounting cavity.

3. The adjustable high-precision combined reamer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting section of the arbor is provided with a screw positioning surface corresponding to each threaded hole.

4. The adjustable high precision reamer assembly of claim 3 wherein the screw locating surface is a flat surface.

5. The adjustable high-precision combined reamer as claimed in claim 2, wherein two outer rotation-stopping planes parallel to the axis are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the connecting section of the cutter bar to form a flat tail structure, the rear end of the mounting cavity is provided with a rotation-stopping hole corresponding to the flat tail structure, inner rotation-stopping planes are symmetrically arranged on the wall of the rotation-stopping hole, and the inner rotation-stopping planes and the outer rotation-stopping planes form the rotation-stopping structure.

6. The adjustable high precision combined reamer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation stopping pin is integrally formed on the wall of the inner tapered hole, and the rotation stopping groove is formed on the outer tapered surface.

7. The adjustable high-precision combined reamer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the threaded through holes on the sleeve portion is even and not less than four, and the threaded through holes are divided into two parallel rows along the axial direction of the sleeve portion.

8. The adjustable high precision gang reamer of claim 7 wherein there are eight threaded holes.

9. The adjustable high-precision combined reamer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the included angle between any two adjacent blades is different among the blades of the cutter head.

10. The adjustable high precision reamer of claim 9 wherein the cutting head has eight cutting edges.

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