CN113678959A - Compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker by replacing fish meal with yellow mealworm protein - Google Patents
Compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker by replacing fish meal with yellow mealworm protein Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croakers by using yellow mealworm protein to replace fish meal, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30.8-56% of fish meal, 0-25.57% of tenebrio molitor protein, 2.9-4.4% of fish oil, 12.33-14.2% of microcrystalline cellulose, 2% of soybean oil, 1.5% of soybean lecithin, 1% of premix, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.3% of additive, 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% of kelp powder containing gelatin, 0.1% of yttrium oxide, 5% of cassava powder, 9.8% of flour and 5% of gluten; all percentages are by weight. The invention develops a novel protein source for feeding large yellow croaker by replacing fish meal with yellow mealworms. And vitamin E is added, so that the oxidation resistance of the muscles of the large yellow croaker is effectively improved, and the muscle quality of the large yellow croaker is improved. In addition, the product produced by the technical scheme provided by the application has good palatability and high feeding efficiency; according to the technical scheme provided by the application, the yellow mealworm protein and the VE are used in a combined manner, so that fish meal replacement of the large yellow croaker feed and improvement of the muscle quality of the large yellow croaker are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and particularly relates to a compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croakers by replacing fish meal with yellow mealworm protein.
Background
The large yellow croaker (pseudosciena crocea) is the seawater fish with the largest culture scale in China, has golden body color, tender meat quality and rich nutrition, is widely favored by people and has the reputation of seawater national fish. In 2020, the culture yield of large yellow croakers reaches 23 ten thousand tons in China, the large yellow croakers belong to carnivorous fishes, the requirement amount of protein in the compound feed is about 45 percent, and a large amount of fish meal is consumed in the culture process. However, due to the influence of bad weather such as over-fishing, environmental pollution and the Elronino phenomenon, fishery biological resources for producing the fish meal are reduced year by year, which causes that the global fish meal yield is always fluctuated between 600 plus 700 million tons in recent years. The requirement of imbalance of fish meal supply and demand must develop a substitute protein source for large yellow croaker feed. In addition, the large yellow croaker breeding industry faces the problem of quality degradation of the bred large yellow croakers. At present, a valve type net cage culture mode is mainly adopted for large yellow croaker culture, and although the mode obtains higher yield per unit, compared with wild large yellow croakers, the cultured large yellow croakers have the problems of high fat content, fuzzy skin yellow characteristics, muscle flavor degradation, loose meat quality and the like, and the quality of the cultured large yellow croakers is greatly different from that of wild large yellow croakers. This limits the consumption of large yellow croaker and the healthy development of large yellow croaker breeding industry.
At the present stage, the large yellow croaker breeding industry faces the problems of fish meal resource shortage and quality reduction of the bred large yellow croaker, and searching for a proper fish meal replacement protein source and improving the quality of the bred large yellow croaker are important propositions which urgently need to carry out work, and play an important role in sustainable and healthy development of the large yellow croaker breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a compound feed for improving the meat quality of large yellow croakers by replacing fish meal with yellow mealworm protein, so as to solve the problems of fish meal resource shortage and cultured large yellow croaker quality reduction in the large yellow croaker culture industry in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker by using yellow mealworm protein to replace fish meal comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
30.8-56% of fish meal, 0-25.57% of tenebrio molitor protein, 2.9-4.4% of fish oil, 12.33-14.2% of microcrystalline cellulose, 2% of soybean oil, 1.5% of soybean lecithin, 1% of premix, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.3% of additive, 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% of kelp powder containing gelatin, 0.1% of yttrium oxide, 5% of cassava powder, 9.8% of flour and 5% of gluten;
all percentages are by weight.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and the vitamin E is added into the compound feed for improving the meat quality of the large yellow croaker by replacing fish meal with the yellow mealworm protein at 127.5-400 mg/kg.
Further, the components and contents of the composition comprise:
30.8 percent of fish meal, 25.57 percent of yellow mealworm protein, 4.4 percent of fish oil, 12.33 percent of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 percent of soybean oil, 1.5 percent of soybean lecithin, 1 percent of premix, 0.2 percent of choline chloride, 0.3 percent of additive, 1 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 percent of kelp powder containing gelatin, 0.1 percent of yttrium oxide, 5 percent of cassava powder, 9.8 percent of flour and 5 percent of wheat gluten;
all percentages are by weight.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
vitamin E in the compound feed for improving the meat quality of the large yellow croaker is added to the yellow mealworm protein at 400mg/kg instead of fish meal.
Further, the premix comprises:
10% of mineral premix, 15% of vitamin premix, 9% of magnesium sulfate, 0.5% of compound antioxidant, 2% of mildew preventive, 40% of choline chloride and 23.5% of zeolite powder;
wherein the mineral premix comprises: na (Na)2SeO3，FeSO4·H2O，ZnSO4·H2O，NaCl，MnSO4·H2O，CoCl2·6H2O, potassium iodide and microcrystalline cellulose;
the vitamin premix comprises: vitamin A, vitamin B group, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, biotin, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin C and wheat middling; the vitamin B group comprises at least one of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, inositol, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, and biotin.
Further, the additives include:
one or two of phagostimulant, mildew preventive, antioxidant and anticaking agent.
Further, the phagostimulant comprises glycine and/or betaine;
the anti-caking agent comprises microcrystalline cellulose;
the mildew preventive comprises calcium propionate and/or fumaric acid.
The antioxidant comprises ethoxyquinoline;
the anti-caking agent comprises microcrystalline cellulose.
Further, the vitamin E is added in the form of DL- α -tocopheryl acetate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a compound feed for improving the meat quality of large yellow croakers by replacing fish meal with yellow mealworms protein, and develops a novel protein source for feeding the large yellow croakers by replacing the fish meal with the yellow mealworms protein. And vitamin E is added, so that the oxidation resistance of the muscles of the large yellow croaker is effectively improved, and the muscle quality of the large yellow croaker is improved. In addition, the product palatability produced by the technical scheme provided by the application is good, and the feeding efficiency is high.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the related art, insect protein plays an important role in aquaculture as a fish meal replacement protein source. The insect has small volume and various types, and the large-scale raising of the insects can not compete with human beings or other breeding animals for protein resources and land resources, and can utilize the waste nutrient substances to feed the insects, thereby improving the waste utilization efficiency to the maximum extent and realizing the natural recycling of the nutrient substances. Tenebrio molitor, commonly known as Tenebrio molitor, is considered one of the most promising insect proteins. It is rich in protein and various amino acids, is often used as bait for fishing or feeding pets, and is an ideal protein raw material for aquaculture. Iaconisi et al (2018) take rainbow trout as a test object, and research on the influence of adding tenebrio molitor protein into feed to replace fish meal by 25 percent and 50 percent on the growth performance of fish bodies and the quality of fish meat is carried out. The result shows that the yellow meal worm can partially replace fish meal in the rainbow trout feed, does not have obvious influence on the growth performance and most quality traits of the fish, but has negative influence on the content of fatty acid in the muscle.
Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a fat-soluble vitamin which plays an important role in fish growth and fish quality, has strong oxidation resistance, and can maintain the stability of a biomembrane phospholipid bilayer through the oxidation resistance. When biofilms are attacked by free radicals, vitamin E can provide ROS with an electron to interrupt the chain reaction of free radicals (Hamre, 2011). Compared with wild fish, the feed for the cultured fish is lack of high fat and antioxidant substances, and the heavy metal, high temperature, low oxygen and the like in trawling, fishing, transportation and environment in the culture can cause the large amount of active oxygen of aquatic animals to be generated or accumulated, thereby causing oxidative stress (Lushchak, 2011). The fish meat has high protein content, balanced amino acid composition and rich polyunsaturated fatty acid. Numerous studies have shown that protein oxidation (Lund, et al, 2011; Traore, et al, 2012) and lipid peroxidation cause a decrease in meat quality. Studies on albiflora pallas atlantic (Lozano et al, 2017) showed that with increasing vitamin E content in the feed, muscle Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFA) increased, saturated fat decreased, and muscle TBARS responses decreased.
The following describes a compound feed for improving the meat quality of large yellow croaker by using the specific tenebrio molitor protein provided in the embodiment of the application to replace fish meal.
The compound feed for improving the meat quality of large yellow croakers by using the tenebrio molitor protein to replace fish meal provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
30.8-56% of fish meal, 0-25.57% of tenebrio molitor protein, 2.9-4.4% of fish oil, 12.33-14.2% of microcrystalline cellulose, 2% of soybean oil, 1.5% of soybean lecithin, 1% of premix, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.3% of additive, 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% of kelp powder containing gelatin, 0.1% of yttrium oxide, 5% of cassava powder, 9.8% of flour and 5% of gluten;
all percentages are by weight.
In some embodiments, further comprising:
and the vitamin E is added into the compound feed for improving the meat quality of the large yellow croaker by replacing fish meal with the yellow mealworm protein at 127.5-400 mg/kg. Preferably, the vitamin E is added in the form of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate
The application does not use the fish meal alone any more, but uses the yellow mealworm protein to replace part of the fish meal to achieve the compound feed for improving the muscle texture of the large yellow croaker. In the compound feed raw materials with the formula, the proportion of the yellow mealworm protein as the added raw material is 0%, 15%, 30% and 45%; meanwhile, the vitamin E as another added raw material is added into the raw material in an amount of 127.5 mg/kg-400 mg/kg.
In some embodiments, the compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker, which is provided by the present application and replaces fish meal, comprises the following components:
30.8 percent of fish meal, 25.57 percent of yellow mealworm protein, 4.4 percent of fish oil, 12.33 percent of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 percent of soybean oil, 1.5 percent of soybean lecithin, 1 percent of premix, 0.2 percent of choline chloride, 0.3 percent of additive, 1 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 percent of kelp powder containing gelatin, 0.1 percent of yttrium oxide, 5 percent of cassava powder, 9.8 percent of flour and 5 percent of wheat gluten;
all percentages are by weight.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
vitamin E is added into the compound feed of which the yellow mealworm protein is added at 400mg/kg to replace fish meal to improve the meat quality of the large yellow croaker.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the yellow mealworm protein to the fish meal in the compound feed is 45%, and the amount of the vitamin E is 400mg/Kg (the amount of the vitamin E is small, and therefore the amount is not added to the total mass, i.e. the sum of the mass percentages of the raw materials except the vitamin E is 100%, and then the vitamin E is weighed and added based on the sum of the total mass of the other raw materials, without considering the influence of the addition on the total mass of the raw materials except the vitamin E), and the vitamin E content in the compound feed can reach the level of about 400mg/Kg through the above yellow mealworm protein substitution ratio and the addition of the vitamin E.
In some embodiments, the premix comprises:
10% of mineral premix, 15% of vitamin premix, 9% of magnesium sulfate, 0.5% of compound antioxidant, 2% of mildew preventive, 40% of choline chloride and 23.5% of zeolite powder;
wherein the mineral premix comprises: na (Na)2SeO3，FeSO4·H2O，ZnSO4·H2O，NaCl，MnSO4·H2O，CoCl2·6H2O, potassium iodide and microcrystalline cellulose;
the vitamin premix comprises: vitamin A, vitamin B group, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, biotin, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin C and wheat middling; the vitamin B group comprises at least one of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, inositol, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, and biotin.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the glycine to the betaine is preferably 1: 2.
Preferably, the phagostimulant comprises glycine and/or betaine;
the anti-caking agent comprises microcrystalline cellulose;
the mildew preventive comprises calcium propionate and/or fumaric acid.
The antioxidant comprises ethoxyquinoline;
the anti-caking agent comprises microcrystalline cellulose.
It is understood that various other additives which are conventionally added in the field can be added into the compound feed for improving the meat quality of the large yellow croaker by replacing fish meal with the yellow mealworm protein, provided that the effect of the compound feed for improving the meat quality of the large yellow croaker by replacing fish meal with the yellow mealworm protein is not significantly influenced.
The application tests different proportions of yellow meal worm replacing fish meal, and as a representative feed formula, the feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 56% of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 0% of fish meal), 47.6% of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 15%), 39.2% of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 30%), 30.8% of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 45%), 0% of yellow mealworm protein (yellow mealworm replaces 0%), 8.52% of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 15%), 17.05% of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 30%), 25.57% of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 45%), 5% of cassava meal, 9.8% of flour, 5% of gluten meal, 2.9% of fish oil (yellow mealworm replaces 0% of fish meal), 3.4% of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 15%), 3.9% of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 30%), 4.4% of fish meal), 2% of soybean oil, 1.5% of soybean lecithin, 1% of premix, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.3% of phagostimulant, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 1% of kelp powder containing glue, 14.2% of cellulose (yellow mealworm replaces 0% of fish meal), 13.58% (yellow mealworms replacing 15% of fish meal), 12.95% (yellow mealworms replacing 30% of fish meal), 12.33% (yellow mealworms replacing 45% of fish meal), 0.1% yttrium oxide.
The more preferable representative feed formula comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30.8 percent of fish meal (yellow mealworm replaces 45 percent of fish meal), 25.57 percent of yellow mealworm protein (yellow mealworm replaces 45 percent of fish meal), 5 percent of cassava meal, 9.8 percent of flour, 5 percent of wheat gluten, 4.4 percent of fish oil (yellow mealworm replaces 45 percent of fish meal), 2 percent of soybean oil, 1.5 percent of soybean lecithin, 1 percent of premix, 0.2 percent of choline chloride, 0.3 percent of phagostimulant, 1 percent of monocalcium phosphate, 1 percent of kelp meal containing gelatin, 12.33 percent of microcrystalline cellulose (yellow mealworm replaces 45 percent of fish meal), 0.1 percent of yttrium oxide and vitamin E which is added according to 400mgkg on the basis of the components.
As a specific example, 4 kinds of feeds with equal ammonia and other energy are prepared according to the feed formula shown in table 1 below, and named as feed 1, feed 2, feed 3 and feed 4, respectively, wherein feed 1 (whole fish meal group) is used as a comparison, and feed 2 (yellow mealworm replaces 15% of fish meal), feed 3 (yellow mealworm replaces 30% of fish meal), and feed 4 (yellow mealworm replaces 45% of fish meal) are used as experimental groups.
TABLE 1 Experimental feed formulation and nutrient composition
The subscripted components are annotated in table 1:
a: fish meal, crude protein 72.72%, crude fat 9.9%; tenebrio molitor eggWhite, crude protein 71.66%, crude fat 3.77%; 2.68% of cassava meal crude protein and 1.2% of crude fat; flour, crude protein 2.68%, crude fat 1.2%; gluten powder, crude protein 84.09%, crude fat 1.61%.
b: the premix comprises 10% of mineral premix, 15% of vitamin premix, 9% of magnesium sulfate, 0.5% of compound antioxidant, 2% of mildew preventive, 40% of choline chloride and 23.5% of zeolite powder.
Mineral premix (mg/kg feed): zeolite powder, 362; FeSO4·H2O，300；ZnSO4·H2O，200；NaCl，100；MnSO4·H2O，25；CoCl2·6H2O(10％Co)，5；Na2SeO3(10% Se), 5; potassium iodide (2.9%), 3.
Vitamin premix (mg/kg feed): VC phosphate (35%), 600; VE acetate (50%), 300; inositol, 150; nicotinamide, 80; 20 parts of vitamin A; vitamin B1, 10; vitamin B2, 15; vitamin B6, 15; vitamin B12, 8; inositol, 150; calcium pantothenate, 40; folic acid, 10; biotin, 2; vitamin D3, 10; and (5) secondary powder, 220.
Example 2
According to the feed formula shown in the following table 2, 6 kinds of feeds with equal ammonia and other energy are prepared and named as feed a (the formula is the same as feed 2), feed b (the formula is the same as feed 3), feed c (the formula is the same as feed 4), feed d, feed e and feed f respectively. Wherein, the feed a, the feed b and the feed c are used as comparison, and the feed d, the feed e and the feed f are used as experimental groups.
TABLE 2 Experimental feed formulation and nutrient composition
Comments are made for the subscripted components in table 2:
a: fish meal, crude protein 72.72%, crude fat 9.9%; tenebrio molitor protein, crude protein 71.66%, crude fat 3.77%; cassava flour, crude protein 2.68%, crude fat 1.2%; the flour is prepared from (by weight parts),2.68% of crude protein and 1.2% of crude fat; gluten powder, crude protein 84.09%, crude fat 1.61%.
b: the premix comprises 10% of mineral premix, 15% of vitamin premix, 9% of magnesium sulfate, 0.5% of compound antioxidant, 2% of mildew preventive, 40% of choline chloride and 23.5% of zeolite powder.
Mineral premix (mg/kg feed): zeolite powder, 362; FeSO4·H2O，300；ZnSO4·H2O，200；NaCl，100；MnSO4·H2O，25；CoCl2·6H2O(10％Co)，5；Na2SeO3(10% Se), 5; potassium iodide (2.9%), 3.
Vitamin premix (mg/kg feed): VC phosphate (35%), 600; VE acetate (50%), 300; inositol, 150; nicotinamide, 80; 20 parts of vitamin A; vitamin B1, 10; vitamin B2, 15; vitamin B6, 15; vitamin B12, 8; inositol, 150; calcium pantothenate, 40; folic acid, 10; biotin, 2; vitamin D3, 10; and (5) secondary powder, 220.
In specific experiments, experiment example 1 experiment of feeding large yellow croaker with different feeds
a. Feeding process
The culture experiment is carried out in a seawater cage culture system. Before formal culture experiments, pseudosciaena crocea is temporarily cultured in a seawater floating net cage with the thickness of 4.0 multiplied by 8.0m to adapt to the environment. After two weeks, starving for 24 hours, selecting large yellow croakers which are robust in physique and uniform in size, and randomly distributing the large yellow croakers into 18 floating net cages of 2.0 multiplied by 2.0m, wherein the tail of each net cage is 100. Each group of feed was divided into three portions and put into three net cages separately for two times a day of feeding with satiation (05: 00 and 17: 30).
The water temperature is 19.8-28.5 ℃ during the culture period, the salinity changes by 31.1-34.9 per mill, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L during the culture period, and the culture period is 80 days.
b. Sample collection
After the culture experiment is finished, all the fishes are starved for 24 hours. Before sample collection, eugenol is used for carrying out anesthesia treatment on experimental fish. Randomly selecting 3 fishes from each net cage, peeling back skin, and using muscles above a lateral line and below a back Jing for texture detection; the muscle above the midline and below the lateral line is placed in a refrigerator at-80 deg.C for measurement of hydroxyproline, collagen, and nucleotides.
c. Sample analysis
(i) Texture detection
Texture of the back muscles was measured by measuring muscle stiffness and cohesion using a TPA model under texture Analyzer (TMS-PRO, FTC, USA). Setting parameters: the diameter of the cylindrical probe is 8mm, the initial force is 0.1N, the measuring range is 25N, the detection descending speed is 30mm/min, and the descending distance is 60% of the thickness of the sliced meat. Three points were selected for each fish and the average was used for statistical data (Gin é et al, 2004),
(ii) hydroxyproline and collagen assays
First, Li et al (2005) were used to separate alkali-soluble collagen and alkali-insoluble collagen. 1g of muscle sample was weighed, 9ml of pre-cooled physiological saline was added, Imin was homogenized, 10ml of 0.2M NaOH was then added, and shaking was carried out at 4 ℃ for 4 hours. The homogenized slurry after shaking was centrifuged at 10000g for 30min at 4 ℃. Separating to obtain supernatant and precipitate. The supernatant is alkali soluble hydroxyproline, and the precipitate is alkali insoluble hydroxyproline. The precipitate obtained was added to 3mL of 6M HCI and transferred to a 5mL ampoules, which were then capped with an alcohol burner. Hydrolyzing at 110 deg.C for 20h to obtain hydrolysate, metering to 10ml, collecting supernatant and precipitate hydrolysate of 1ml, and performing next measurement with Zhang et al (2013). The absorbance at 560mm wavelength was measured by a spectrophotometer (UV-2401PC), Shimadzu, Japan) using a method of P-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (P-DMAB), and the hydroxyproline content was calculated using a standard curve. The collagen content is equal to the hydroxyproline content multiplied by 8(Wei Z et al, 2016).
(iii) Nucleotide determination
The determination of muscle nucleotides is described in reference to the method of Ryder (1985), in which some of the manipulations have been modified, as follows: sample pretreatment: all operations were carried out at 4 ℃. 1g of fresh meat was weighed, and 5ml of 0.6M perchloric acid was added, and homogenized for 1 min: 4e, centrifugation at 3000g for 10min (Legend RT centrifuge, Soufu, Germany), taking the supernatant: an additional 5ml of 0.6M perchloric acid was added to the precipitate, and the previous procedure was repeated once: the supernatants obtained twice were combined in a 10ml volumetric flask and the volume was fixed: adjusting the pH value of the solution to be within the range of 6.5-6.8 by using 0.1MKOH solution, standing for 30 min: the solution was filtered into a 25ml volumetric flask and made up to volume with phosphate buffer: after passage through a 0.22um filter, the measurement is carried out on a high performance liquid chromatograph (HP1100, Agilent, USA).
Conditions of the high performance liquid chromatograph: a chromatographic column: CAPCELL PAK C18AQS54.6mmx250mm (shiseido, Japan), mobile phase: mixed solution of 0.04M KHPO4 and 0.06M KHPO4, PH 7, sample size: 5 μ l, flow rate: 1.0ml/min, column temperature: 40 ℃, detection wavelength: uv260nm. data processing: the concentrations of 6 substances in the sample were determined by drawing a standard curve using standards (signala) of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP), Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP), inosinic acid (IMP), and inosine (Ino).
d. Data analysis
The experimental statistical method adopts the calculation software SPSS25.0, performs two-way ANOVA (two-way ANOVA) among different treatment group data, and performs post-test by adopting a Duncan multiple comparison method, wherein the significance level is 0.05. The experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard error (Means ± SE).
e. Results of the experiment
Texture of muscle
The results of testing the muscle texture of each group of large yellow croakers after feeding with feeds in which different yellow mealworm proteins replace fish meal are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Effect of Tenebrio molitor protein in place of Fish meal on Large yellow croaker muscle texture
TABLE 4 Effect of vitamin E addition to Pseudosciaena crocea muscle texture in feed with Tenebrio molitor protein instead of Fish meal
Note: the data are represented as: mean ± standard error. The different letter designations are indicated as (P less than 0.05; T test).
The experimental results in the above table 3 show that the feed of large yellow croaker with yellow mealworm protein instead of fish meal has no significant influence on muscle hardness, stickiness and chewiness (P is more than 0.05). The experimental results in the above table 4 show that after vitamin E is added into the feed, the hardness of the muscle of the large yellow croaker can be remarkably improved (P is less than 0.05), and the muscle has no interaction with yellow mealworm protein (P is more than 0.05). When the yellow mealworm protein replaces 15% and 30% of fish meal, the addition of vitamin E can obviously increase the glue viscosity of the muscles of the large yellow croaker (P is less than 0.05), and when the yellow mealworm protein replaces 45% of fish meal, the glue viscosity of the muscles of the large yellow croaker is also increased but is not significant (P is more than 0.05). The addition of vitamin E can obviously increase the chewiness of the large yellow croaker muscle when the yellow mealworm protein replaces 15% of fish meal (P is less than 0.05), and also increases the chewiness of the large yellow croaker muscle but does not significantly increase the chewiness of the large yellow croaker muscle when the yellow mealworm protein replaces 30% of 45% of fish meal (P is more than 0.05). The feed f has the highest muscle hardness and chewiness for the large yellow croaker.
(ii) Muscle hydroxyproline and collagen
TABLE 5 influence of Tenebrio molitor protein instead of Fish powder on Pseudosciaena crocea muscle hydroxyproline and collagen
TABLE 6 Effect of vitamin E addition to Pseudosciaena crocea hydroxyproline and collagen in feed containing Tenebrio molitor protein instead of Fish meal
Note: the data are represented as: mean ± standard error. The different letter designations are indicated as (P less than 0.05; T test).
As can be seen from the experimental results in the above table 5, the feed of large yellow croaker with the yellow mealworm protein instead of fish meal has no significant influence on the contents of the muscle hydroxyproline and the collagen (P is more than 0.05). From the above 6 experimental results, it can be seen that the content of hydroxyproline and collagen in the muscle of large yellow croaker tends to increase but not significantly (P > 0.05) after vitamin E is added into the feed.
(ii) Muscle nucleotides
TABLE 7 Effect of Tenebrio molitor protein substituting for Fish meal on Pseudosciaena crocea muscle nucleotides
TABLE 8 influence of Tenebrio molitor protein in place of Fish meal on Pseudosciaena crocea muscle nucleotides
Note: the data are represented as: mean ± standard error. The different letter designations being indicated as (P < 0.05; T test)
From the experimental results in table 7, it can be seen that, compared with the control group of whole fish meal, the ATP of the muscle of the large yellow croaker fed with the feed in which the yellow mealworm protein replaces 30% of the fish meal tends to be reduced (P > 0.05), but the ATP of the muscle of the large yellow croaker fed with the feed in which the yellow mealworm protein replaces 45% of the fish meal is increased to a certain extent but is not significant (P > 0.05). The replacement of fish meal by yellow mealworm protein has no obvious influence on the muscle ADP of the large yellow croaker (P is more than 0.05). Compared with the control group of the whole fish meal, the feed which replaces 30 percent of fish meal with the yellow mealworm protein has a tendency of improving AMP of muscles (P is more than 0.05), but the feed which replaces 45 percent of fish meal with the yellow mealworm protein has a certain reduction of ATP of the muscles of the large yellow croaker but is not significant (P is more than 0.05). The replacement of fish meal by yellow mealworm protein has a tendency to reduce IMP of large yellow croaker muscle, but is not significant (P is more than 0.05). The replacement of fish meal by yellow mealworm protein has no significant influence on the muscle Ino of the large yellow croaker (P is more than 0.05). After vitamin E is added into the feed, the contents of muscle ADP and Ino of the large yellow croaker can be obviously reduced (P is less than 0.05), and the content of muscle IMP of the large yellow croaker is improved to a certain extent but is not obvious (P is more than 0.05). In conclusion, the feed f can obviously reduce the contents of ADP and Ino, improve the content of IMP to a certain extent and improve the freshness of fish meat.
The influence of different feed formula groups on the hardness, the adhesiveness, the chewiness, the hydroxyproline, the collagen and the nucleotides of the large yellow croaker muscle is comprehensively analyzed, so that the feed f formula can obviously improve the muscle quality of the large yellow croaker. Therefore, the feed for feeding the large yellow croaker can select the yellow mealworm protein as a fish meal replacement protein source, and the quality of the large yellow croaker can be improved to a certain extent by combining with the addition of the vitamin E.
In conclusion, the invention develops a novel protein source for feeding large yellow croaker by replacing fish meal with yellow mealworms. And vitamin E is added, so that the oxidation resistance of the muscles of the large yellow croaker is effectively improved, and the muscle quality of the large yellow croaker is improved. In addition, the product produced by the technical scheme provided by the application has good palatability and high feeding efficiency; according to the technical scheme provided by the application, the yellow mealworm protein and the VE are used in a combined manner, so that fish meal replacement of the large yellow croaker feed and improvement of the muscle quality of the large yellow croaker are realized.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croakers by using yellow mealworm protein to replace fish meal is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
30.8-56% of fish meal, 0-25.57% of tenebrio molitor protein, 2.9-4.4% of fish oil, 12.33-14.2% of microcrystalline cellulose, 2% of soybean oil, 1.5% of soybean lecithin, 1% of premix, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.3% of additive, 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% of kelp powder containing gelatin, 0.1% of yttrium oxide, 5% of cassava powder, 9.8% of flour and 5% of gluten;
all percentages are by weight.
2. The compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker by using the tenebrio molitor protein instead of fish meal as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
and the vitamin E is added into the compound feed for improving the meat quality of the large yellow croaker by replacing fish meal with the yellow mealworm protein at 127.5-400 mg/kg.
3. The compound feed for improving the meat quality of large yellow croaker by using the tenebrio molitor protein to replace fish meal according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
30.8 percent of fish meal, 25.57 percent of yellow mealworm protein, 4.4 percent of fish oil, 12.33 percent of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 percent of soybean oil, 1.5 percent of soybean lecithin, 1 percent of premix, 0.2 percent of choline chloride, 0.3 percent of additive, 1 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 percent of kelp powder containing gelatin, 0.1 percent of yttrium oxide, 5 percent of cassava powder, 9.8 percent of flour and 5 percent of wheat gluten;
all percentages are by weight.
4. The compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker by using the tenebrio molitor protein instead of fish meal as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
vitamin E in the compound feed for improving the meat quality of the large yellow croaker is added to the yellow mealworm protein at 400mg/kg instead of fish meal.
5. The compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker by using the tenebrio molitor protein instead of fish meal as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the premix comprises:
10% of mineral premix, 15% of vitamin premix, 9% of magnesium sulfate, 0.5% of compound antioxidant, 2% of mildew preventive, 40% of choline chloride and 23.5% of zeolite powder;
wherein the mineral premix comprises: na (Na)2SeO3，FeSO4·H2O，ZnSO4·H2O，NaCl，MnSO4·H2O，CoCl2·6H2O, potassium iodide and microcrystalline cellulose;
the vitamin premix comprises: vitamin A, vitamin B group, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, biotin, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin C and wheat middling; the vitamin B group comprises at least one of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, inositol, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, and biotin.
6. The compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker by using the tenebrio molitor protein instead of fish meal as claimed in claim 5, wherein the additive comprises:
one or two of phagostimulant, mildew preventive, antioxidant and anticaking agent.
7. The compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker using yellow mealworm protein instead of fish meal according to claim 6,
the phagostimulant comprises glycine and/or betaine;
the anti-caking agent comprises microcrystalline cellulose;
the mildew preventive comprises calcium propionate and/or fumaric acid.
The antioxidant comprises ethoxyquinoline;
the anti-caking agent comprises microcrystalline cellulose.
8. The compound feed for improving meat quality of large yellow croaker using yellow mealworm protein instead of fish meal according to claim 5,
the vitamin E is added as DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate.
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| CN114868845A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Feed for improving body color of cyprinus carpio |
| CN114885868A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-12 | 中国海洋大学 | Novel compound feed for replacing fish meal with non-daily-ration protein source for large yellow croakers and feeding method of novel compound feed |
| CN115176933A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-10-14 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) | Compound feed for marine fish fermented after granulation and preparation method thereof |
| CN115363145A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-11-22 | 福建农林大学 | Low-cost pseudosciaena crocea feed with fish steak powder partially replacing fish meal and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115399412A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-11-29 | 福建农林大学 | Low-phosphorus pseudosciaena crocea feed with soybean protein concentrate partially replacing fish meal and preparation method thereof |
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