CN113673118A - A method for predicting the pH value of lake water - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种预测湖泊水体pH值的方法,包括以下步骤:S1、构建二氧化碳浓度控制方程、湖泊碱度控制方程和湖泊pH值控制方程;S2、根据二氧化碳浓度控制方程和湖泊碱度控制方程,得到预测的湖泊二氧化碳浓度和预测的湖泊碱度;S3、根据预测的湖泊二氧化碳浓度和预测的湖泊碱度,基于湖泊pH值控制方程,得到预测的湖泊水体pH值;本发明解决了现有湖泊水体pH值模型无法准确预测湖泊水体pH值的问题。
The invention discloses a method for predicting the pH value of lake water, comprising the following steps: S1, constructing a carbon dioxide concentration control equation, a lake alkalinity control equation and a lake pH value control equation; S2, according to the carbon dioxide concentration control equation and the lake alkalinity control equation equation to obtain the predicted lake carbon dioxide concentration and the predicted lake alkalinity; S3, according to the predicted lake carbon dioxide concentration and the predicted lake alkalinity, and based on the lake pH value control equation, the predicted lake water body pH value is obtained; the present invention solves the problem of There is a problem that the pH value model of lake water cannot accurately predict the pH value of lake water.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及湖泊水质监测领域,具体涉及一种预测湖泊水体pH值的方法。The invention relates to the field of lake water quality monitoring, in particular to a method for predicting the pH value of lake water.
背景技术Background technique
pH值是湖泊水生态系统的重要理化指标,可改变湖泊水体环境的酸碱度和碳酸盐平衡系统,进而影响藻类生长、沉积物营养盐循环等湖泊关键生化过程。pH值的检测方法已相对成熟,主要有玻璃电极等方法。但采用pH值检测方法只能掌握检测断面处、检测时刻的pH值,无法掌握水体pH值的时空特征,尤其是对大型湖泊,检测方法很难反映出pH值的时空异质性。pH value is an important physical and chemical index of lake water ecosystem, which can change the pH and carbonate balance system of lake water environment, and then affect the key biochemical processes of lakes such as algae growth and sediment nutrient cycle. The detection method of pH value has been relatively mature, mainly including glass electrode and other methods. However, the pH value detection method can only grasp the pH value of the detection section and the detection time, and cannot grasp the spatiotemporal characteristics of the pH value of the water body. Especially for large lakes, the detection method can hardly reflect the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of pH value.
数学模型作为生化过程的数学化表达,可定量模拟出生化过程的时空特征,近几十年来越来越受到水环境管理领域的关注。但当前湖泊水体pH值模型研究尚不深入,存在对藻类与pH值之间耦合过程考虑不足等问题,亟需研发一种可准确预测湖泊水体pH值的方法。As a mathematical expression of biochemical processes, mathematical models can quantitatively simulate the spatiotemporal characteristics of biochemical processes, and have attracted more and more attention in the field of water environment management in recent decades. However, the current research on the pH value model of lake water is not in-depth, and there are problems such as insufficient consideration of the coupling process between algae and pH value. It is urgent to develop a method that can accurately predict the pH value of lake water.
提出定量化预测湖泊水体pH值的方法,识别湖泊水体pH值时空分布规律,对湖泊理化特性、藻类生长繁殖和富营养化防治等研究具有重要意义。A method for quantitatively predicting the pH value of lake water is proposed, and the temporal and spatial distribution of pH value in lake water is identified, which is of great significance to the study of lake physical and chemical characteristics, algal growth and reproduction, and eutrophication control.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术中的上述不足,本发明提供的一种预测湖泊水体pH值的方法解决了现有湖泊水体pH值模型无法准确预测湖泊水体pH值的问题。In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for predicting the pH value of a lake water body, which solves the problem that the existing lake water body pH value model cannot accurately predict the pH value of the lake water body.
为了达到上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种预测湖泊水体pH值的方法,包括以下步骤:In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a method for predicting the pH value of lake water, comprising the following steps:
S1、构建二氧化碳浓度控制方程、湖泊碱度控制方程和湖泊pH值控制方程;S1. Construct carbon dioxide concentration control equation, lake alkalinity control equation and lake pH value control equation;
S2、根据二氧化碳浓度控制方程和湖泊碱度控制方程,得到预测的湖泊二氧化碳浓度和预测的湖泊碱度;S2. According to the control equation of carbon dioxide concentration and the control equation of lake alkalinity, the predicted lake carbon dioxide concentration and the predicted lake alkalinity are obtained;
S3、根据预测的湖泊二氧化碳浓度和预测的湖泊碱度,基于湖泊pH值控制方程,得到预测的湖泊水体pH值。S3. According to the predicted lake carbon dioxide concentration and the predicted lake alkalinity, and based on the lake pH value control equation, the predicted lake water body pH value is obtained.
进一步地,所述步骤S1中二氧化碳浓度控制方程为:Further, the carbon dioxide concentration control equation in the step S1 is:
其中,C为湖泊水体的二氧化碳浓度,t为时间,u为x方向上的水流流速,v为y方向上的水流流速,w为z方向上的水流流速,x,y,z为建立的空间坐标系,Kx为x方向上的扩散系数,Ky为y方向上的扩散系数,Kz为z方向上的扩散系数,S1为大气交换引起的二氧化碳源汇项,S2为藻类引起的二氧化碳源汇项。Among them, C is the carbon dioxide concentration of the lake water, t is the time, u is the water flow velocity in the x direction, v is the water flow velocity in the y direction, w is the water flow velocity in the z direction, and x, y, z are the established space Coordinate system, Kx is the diffusion coefficient in the x direction, Ky is the diffusion coefficient in the y direction, Kz is the diffusion coefficient in the z direction, S1 is the carbon dioxide source - sink term caused by atmospheric exchange, and S2 is the carbon dioxide source caused by algae remittance item.
进一步地,所述大气交换引起的二氧化碳源汇项S1的公式为:Further, the formula of the carbon dioxide source - sink term S1 caused by the atmospheric exchange is:
S1=Kr(Cs-C) (2)S 1 =K r (C s -C) (2)
其中,Kr为水体二氧化碳与大气的交换速率,Cs为水体饱和二氧化碳浓度,C为湖泊水体的二氧化碳浓度。Among them, K r is the exchange rate of carbon dioxide in the water body with the atmosphere, C s is the saturated carbon dioxide concentration in the water body, and C is the carbon dioxide concentration in the lake water body.
进一步地,所述藻类引起的二氧化碳源汇项S2的公式为:Further, the formula of the carbon dioxide source-sink term S2 caused by the algae is:
其中,x为某类藻类,c为蓝藻,d为硅藻,g为绿藻,PNx为x藻类对铵的吸收率,Px为x藻类的生长速率,FCDx为x藻类的常数,DO为溶解氧浓度,KHRx为x藻类的溶解氧半饱和常数,BMx为x藻类的新陈代谢速率,AOCR为呼吸作用中二氧化碳与碳的比率,Bx为x藻类的生物量。where x is a certain type of algae, c is cyanobacteria, d is diatom, g is green algae, PN x is the absorption rate of ammonium by x algae, P x is the growth rate of x algae, FCD x is the constant of x algae, DO is the dissolved oxygen concentration, KHR x is the dissolved oxygen half-saturation constant of x algae, BM x is the metabolic rate of x algae, AOCR is the ratio of carbon dioxide to carbon in respiration, and B x is the biomass of x algae.
进一步地,所述步骤S1中湖泊碱度控制方程为:Further, in the step S1, the lake alkalinity control equation is:
其中,Ca为湖泊水体的碱度,t为时间,u为x方向上的水流流速,v为y方向上的水流流速,w为z方向上的水流流速,x,y,z为建立的空间坐标系,Kx为x方向上的扩散系数,Ky为y方向上的扩散系数,Kz为z方向上的扩散系数。Among them, Ca is the alkalinity of the lake water body, t is the time, u is the water flow velocity in the x direction, v is the water flow velocity in the y direction, w is the water flow velocity in the z direction, x, y, z are the established In the spatial coordinate system, Kx is the diffusion coefficient in the x direction, Ky is the diffusion coefficient in the y direction, and Kz is the diffusion coefficient in the z direction.
进一步地,所述步骤S1中湖泊pH值控制方程为:Further, in the step S1, the pH value control equation of the lake is:
其中,为H+浓度,K1为碳平衡的第一溶解常数,K2为碳平衡的第二溶解常数,Kw为水的溶解常数,C为湖泊水体的二氧化碳浓度,T为水温,e为自然常数,Ca为湖泊水体的碱度,pH为湖泊水体的pH值in, is the H + concentration, K1 is the first dissolution constant of carbon balance, K2 is the second dissolution constant of carbon balance, Kw is the dissolution constant of water, C is the carbon dioxide concentration of the lake water, T is the water temperature, and e is the natural Constant, Ca is the alkalinity of the lake water body, pH is the pH value of the lake water body
综上,本发明的有益效果为:To sum up, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本文明提出了一种可准确预测湖泊水体pH值的方法,该方法考虑了藻类对pH值的影响过程,实现了对湖泊水体pH值的定量化预测,可为湖泊富营养化防治等水环境管理工作提供有力科学支撑。(1) This civilization proposes a method that can accurately predict the pH value of lake water. This method takes into account the influence process of algae on pH value, and realizes the quantitative prediction of the pH value of lake water body, which can be used for the prevention and control of lake eutrophication. Provide strong scientific support for water environment management.
(2)对于pH值不达标的湖泊,可采用本发明提出的湖泊水体pH值预测方法,分析控制入湖河流碱度等pH值调控措施的实施效果,为湖泊pH值调控提供可行的定量化分析手段。(2) For lakes whose pH value is not up to the standard, the pH value prediction method of lake water body proposed by the present invention can be used to analyze the implementation effect of pH value regulation measures such as controlling the alkalinity of rivers entering the lake, and provide feasible quantification for lake pH value regulation analytical tools.
(3)对于涉及湖泊的调水工程,可采用本发明提出的湖泊水体pH值预测方法,研究调水对湖泊pH值的影响,为调水工程的论证分析提供定量化的研究方法。(3) For water transfer projects involving lakes, the pH value prediction method of lake water body proposed by the present invention can be used to study the effect of water transfer on lake pH value, and provide a quantitative research method for the demonstration and analysis of water transfer projects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为一种预测湖泊水体pH值的方法的流程图。Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting the pH of lake water.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述,以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明,但应该清楚,本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲,只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内,这些变化是显而易见的,一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the present invention, but it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes Such changes are obvious within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, and all inventions and creations utilizing the inventive concept are within the scope of protection.
如图1所示,一种预测湖泊水体pH值的方法,包括以下步骤:As shown in Figure 1, a method for predicting the pH value of lake water includes the following steps:
S1、构建二氧化碳浓度控制方程、湖泊碱度控制方程和湖泊pH值控制方程;S1. Construct carbon dioxide concentration control equation, lake alkalinity control equation and lake pH value control equation;
S2、根据二氧化碳浓度控制方程和湖泊碱度控制方程,得到预测的湖泊二氧化碳浓度和预测的湖泊碱度;S2. According to the control equation of carbon dioxide concentration and the control equation of lake alkalinity, the predicted lake carbon dioxide concentration and the predicted lake alkalinity are obtained;
S3、根据预测的湖泊二氧化碳浓度和预测的湖泊碱度,基于湖泊pH值控制方程,得到预测的湖泊水体pH值。S3. According to the predicted lake carbon dioxide concentration and the predicted lake alkalinity, and based on the lake pH value control equation, the predicted lake water body pH value is obtained.
步骤S1中二氧化碳浓度控制方程为:The carbon dioxide concentration control equation in step S1 is:
其中,C为湖泊水体的二氧化碳浓度,t为时间,u为x方向上的水流流速,v为y方向上的水流流速,w为z方向上的水流流速,x,y,z为建立的空间坐标系,Kx为x方向上的扩散系数,Ky为y方向上的扩散系数,Kz为z方向上的扩散系数,S1为大气交换引起的二氧化碳源汇项,S2为藻类引起的二氧化碳源汇项。Among them, C is the carbon dioxide concentration of the lake water, t is the time, u is the water flow velocity in the x direction, v is the water flow velocity in the y direction, w is the water flow velocity in the z direction, and x, y, z are the established space Coordinate system, Kx is the diffusion coefficient in the x direction, Ky is the diffusion coefficient in the y direction, Kz is the diffusion coefficient in the z direction, S1 is the carbon dioxide source - sink term caused by atmospheric exchange, and S2 is the carbon dioxide source caused by algae remittance item.
大气交换引起的二氧化碳源汇项S1的公式为:The formula of carbon dioxide source - sink term S1 caused by atmospheric exchange is:
S1=Kr(Cs-C) (2)S 1 =K r (C s -C) (2)
其中,Kr为水体二氧化碳与大气的交换速率,Cs为水体饱和二氧化碳浓度,C为湖泊水体的二氧化碳浓度。Among them, K r is the exchange rate of carbon dioxide in the water body with the atmosphere, C s is the saturated carbon dioxide concentration in the water body, and C is the carbon dioxide concentration in the lake water body.
藻类引起的二氧化碳源汇项S2的公式为:The formula for the carbon dioxide source-sink term S2 caused by algae is:
其中,x为某类藻类,c为蓝藻,d为硅藻,g为绿藻,PNx为x藻类对铵的吸收率,Px为x藻类的生长速率,FCDx为x藻类的常数,DO为溶解氧浓度,KHRx为x藻类的溶解氧半饱和常数,BMx为x藻类的新陈代谢速率,AOCR为呼吸作用中二氧化碳与碳的比率,Bx为x藻类的生物量。where x is a certain type of algae, c is cyanobacteria, d is diatom, g is green algae, PN x is the absorption rate of ammonium by x algae, P x is the growth rate of x algae, FCD x is the constant of x algae, DO is the dissolved oxygen concentration, KHR x is the dissolved oxygen half-saturation constant of x algae, BM x is the metabolic rate of x algae, AOCR is the ratio of carbon dioxide to carbon in respiration, and B x is the biomass of x algae.
由于碱度为保守性物质,因此只存在对流扩散过程,根据碱度的迁移转化特征,构建的湖泊碱度控制方程为:Since alkalinity is a conservative substance, there is only a convective diffusion process. According to the migration and transformation characteristics of alkalinity, the constructed lake alkalinity control equation is:
其中,Ca为湖泊水体的碱度,t为时间,u为x方向上的水流流速,v为y方向上的水流流速,w为z方向上的水流流速,x,y,z为建立的空间坐标系,Kx为x方向上的扩散系数,Ky为y方向上的扩散系数,Kz为z方向上的扩散系数。Among them, Ca is the alkalinity of the lake water body, t is the time, u is the water flow velocity in the x direction, v is the water flow velocity in the y direction, w is the water flow velocity in the z direction, x, y, z are the established In the spatial coordinate system, Kx is the diffusion coefficient in the x direction, Ky is the diffusion coefficient in the y direction, and Kz is the diffusion coefficient in the z direction.
步骤S1中湖泊pH值控制方程为:The control equation of lake pH value in step S1 is:
其中,为H+浓度,K1为碳平衡的第一溶解常数,K2为碳平衡的第二溶解常数,Kw为水的溶解常数,C为湖泊水体的二氧化碳浓度,T为水温,e为自然常数,Ca为湖泊水体的碱度,pH为湖泊水体的pH值in, is the H + concentration, K1 is the first dissolution constant of carbon balance, K2 is the second dissolution constant of carbon balance, Kw is the dissolution constant of water, C is the carbon dioxide concentration of the lake water, T is the water temperature, and e is the natural Constant, Ca is the alkalinity of the lake water body, pH is the pH value of the lake water body
在本实施例中,根据二氧化碳浓度控制方程、湖泊碱度控制方程和湖泊pH值控制方程得到预测的湖泊水体pH值的详细过程为:In this embodiment, the detailed process of obtaining the predicted pH value of lake water according to the control equation of carbon dioxide concentration, the control equation of lake alkalinity and the control equation of lake pH value is as follows:
1)、设定二氧化碳浓度控制方程和湖泊碱度控制方程的初始条件和边界条件,由于pH值为二氧化碳和碱度的衍生变量,因此只需设置二氧化碳浓度和碱度的初始条件和边界条件。初始条件为模型初始时刻的湖泊二氧化碳浓度和碱度,边界条件为入湖河流的二氧化碳浓度和碱度时间序列数据。1) Set the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the carbon dioxide concentration control equation and the lake alkalinity control equation. Since the pH value is a derived variable of carbon dioxide and alkalinity, it is only necessary to set the initial conditions and boundary conditions of carbon dioxide concentration and alkalinity. The initial conditions are the lake carbon dioxide concentration and alkalinity at the initial moment of the model, and the boundary conditions are the time series data of the carbon dioxide concentration and alkalinity of the river entering the lake.
2)、求解二氧化碳浓度控制方程和湖泊碱度控制方程,预测二氧化碳浓度和碱度。将二氧化碳浓度控制方程和湖泊碱度控制方程的初始条件和边界条件代入控制方程求解,即可得到二氧化碳浓度和碱度的预测结果。2) Solve the control equation of carbon dioxide concentration and the control equation of lake alkalinity to predict carbon dioxide concentration and alkalinity. Substitute the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the control equation of carbon dioxide concentration and the control equation of lake alkalinity into the control equations to solve, and then the prediction results of carbon dioxide concentration and alkalinity can be obtained.
3)、将湖泊二氧化碳浓度、碱度预测结果代入pH值控制方程,即可得到pH值的预测结果。3) Substitute the predicted results of carbon dioxide concentration and alkalinity into the pH value control equation to obtain the predicted results of pH value.
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