CN113671588B - Element logging spectrum-resolving method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Element logging spectrum-resolving method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN113671588B CN113671588B CN202110798873.1A CN202110798873A CN113671588B CN 113671588 B CN113671588 B CN 113671588B CN 202110798873 A CN202110798873 A CN 202110798873A CN 113671588 B CN113671588 B CN 113671588B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/04—Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V5/08—Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays
- G01V5/10—Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using neutron sources
- G01V5/101—Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using neutron sources and detecting the secondary Y-rays produced in the surrounding layers of the bore hole
- G01V5/102—Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using neutron sources and detecting the secondary Y-rays produced in the surrounding layers of the bore hole the neutron source being of the pulsed type
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The application provides an element logging and spectrum resolving method, an element logging and spectrum resolving device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a gamma energy spectrum of a stratum to be detected and a standard spectrum corresponding to a plurality of first elements; performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the first elements; determining a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element in the stratum to be detected; determining the yield corresponding to each second element by adopting a weighted least square method according to the solution spectrum energy channel and the gamma energy spectrum corresponding to the second elements; and determining the dry weight corresponding to each second element according to the yield corresponding to each second element. In the method, a plurality of second elements included in the formation to be measured can be determined in the predetermined first elements by a weighted least square method, and then the dry weight of each second element in the formation to be measured is determined according to the weighted least square method, so that the formation solution spectrum precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of petroleum logging, in particular to an element logging and spectrum resolving method, an element logging and spectrum resolving device, electronic equipment and a storage medium.
Background
The stratum element well logging technology is characterized in that neutrons are emitted by a neutron source emitting device and react with elements in a stratum to enable the atomic nuclei of the elements to generate gamma rays, and then the obtained gamma energy spectrum is subjected to spectrum decomposition to obtain the content of the elements in the stratum, so that subsequent lithology analysis and oil field exploitation on the stratum are facilitated.
In the prior art, after a gamma energy spectrum of a stratum to be measured is obtained, a least square method is usually directly adopted to perform spectrum decomposition on the gamma energy spectrum. However, when performing spectrum solution by the above method, the error between the obtained element content and the true element content is large, the spectrum solution precision is low, and the element type in the formation to be measured needs to be known in advance.
Therefore, how to improve the resolution precision of the formation element logging is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an element logging and spectrum resolving method, an element logging and spectrum resolving device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, which are used for solving the problem of low stratum element spectrum resolving precision in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an elemental logging spectroscopy method, the method comprising:
acquiring a gamma energy spectrum of a stratum to be detected and a standard spectrum corresponding to a plurality of first elements;
performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the first elements;
determining a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element in the stratum to be detected;
determining the yield corresponding to each second element by adopting a weighted least square method according to the spectrum resolving energy channels corresponding to the second elements and the gamma energy spectrum;
and determining the dry weight corresponding to each second element according to the yield corresponding to each second element.
In some embodiments, the solution spectrum energy trace corresponding to each second element is a characteristic peak energy trace in the standard spectrum corresponding to each second element.
In some embodiments, determining the solution spectrum energy corresponding to each second element in the formation to be measured includes:
determining a characteristic peak energy channel in the standard spectrum corresponding to each second element and different element content combinations of the plurality of second elements;
establishing multiple types of characteristic peak combinations, wherein each type comprises a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element, and the spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to the second element comprises a channel address of at least one characteristic peak energy channel corresponding to the second element; at least one distinguishing element exists among the characteristic peak combinations of different types, and the distinguishing elements are different in the number and/or the addresses of corresponding spectrum resolving energy channels in the characteristic peak combinations of different types;
for each type, under different element content combinations, obtaining gamma energy spectrums corresponding to the different element content combinations, and calculating to obtain different actual element contents; if the error between each different actual element content and the corresponding different element content in the type is less than the threshold value, combining the characteristic peaks of the type into a spectrum solving energy channel.
In some embodiments, the performing spectrum solution by using a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the plurality of first elements to determine a plurality of second elements of the formation to be measured from the plurality of first elements includes:
performing spectrum resolution by a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements to determine the yield of the first elements in the stratum to be measured;
and for each first element, if the yield of the first element is greater than or equal to a first preset value of the first element, determining the first element as a second element.
In some embodiments, the determining the yields of the first elements in the formation to be measured by performing a spectrum solution by a weighted least squares method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements includes:
and determining the yield of the plurality of first elements in the stratum to be tested by performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the predetermined interval spectrum in the standard spectrums of the plurality of first elements.
In some embodiments, after performing spectrum decomposition by a weighted least squares method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the plurality of first elements to determine the yields of the plurality of first elements in the formation to be measured, the method further includes:
setting a first preset value of each first element based on the sensitivity factor of the first element, wherein the sensitivity factor is positively correlated with the first preset value.
In some embodiments, before performing spectrum decomposition by using a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and a standard spectrum corresponding to a plurality of first elements and determining a plurality of second elements of the formation to be detected from the plurality of first elements, the method further includes:
normalizing the gamma energy spectrum to obtain a second gamma energy spectrum;
according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrums corresponding to the first elements, performing spectrum decomposition by adopting a weighted least square method, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the first elements, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
and performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the second gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrum corresponding to the first element, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the plurality of first elements.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an elemental logging and spectroscopy apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be detected and a standard spectrum corresponding to the first elements;
the first spectrum resolving unit is used for resolving the spectrum by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the first elements;
the first determining unit is used for determining a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element in the stratum to be detected;
the second determining unit is used for determining the yield corresponding to each second element by adopting a weighted least square method according to the solution spectrum energy channel corresponding to the plurality of second elements and the gamma energy spectrum;
and the third determining unit is used for determining the dry weight corresponding to each second element according to the yield corresponding to each second element.
In some embodiments, the solution spectrum energy trace corresponding to each second element is a characteristic peak energy trace in the standard spectrum corresponding to each second element.
In some embodiments, the first determining unit comprises:
the first determining module is used for determining the characteristic peak energy channel in the standard spectrum corresponding to each second element and different element content combinations of the plurality of second elements;
the device comprises a presetting module, a spectrum analysis module and a spectrum analysis module, wherein the presetting module is used for establishing multiple types of characteristic peak combinations, each type comprises a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element, and the spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to the second element comprises the address of at least one characteristic peak energy channel corresponding to the second element; at least one distinguishing element exists among different types of characteristic peak combinations, and the distinguishing elements are different in the number and/or addresses of corresponding spectrum resolving energy channels in the different types of characteristic peak combinations;
the second determining module is used for acquiring gamma energy spectrums corresponding to different element content combinations under different element content combinations according to each type and calculating to obtain different actual element contents; if the error between each different actual element content and the corresponding different element content in the type is smaller than the threshold value, combining the characteristic peaks of the type into a spectrum solving energy channel.
In some embodiments, the first spectrum-solving unit comprises:
the third determining module is used for performing spectrum resolution through a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements to determine the yields of the first elements in the stratum to be measured;
and the fourth determining module is used for determining each first element as a second element if the yield of the first element is greater than or equal to a first preset value of the first element.
In some embodiments, the third determining module is specifically configured to:
and determining the yield of the first elements in the stratum to be measured by performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the predetermined interval spectrum in the standard spectra of the first elements.
In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises:
and the setting module is used for setting a first preset value of each first element based on a sensitivity factor of each first element after the third determination module performs spectrum resolution by a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements to determine the yields of the first elements in the stratum to be measured, wherein the sensitivity factor is positively correlated with the first preset value.
In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises:
and the processing unit is used for performing spectrum decomposition by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements in the first spectrum decomposition unit, and performing normalization processing on the gamma energy spectrum to obtain a second gamma energy spectrum before determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the first elements.
And the first spectrum resolving unit is specifically used for resolving the spectrum by adopting a weighted least square method according to the second gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrum corresponding to the first element, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the plurality of first elements.
In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor.
A memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to perform the method according to any one of the first aspect according to the executable instructions.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for implementing the method according to any one of the first aspect when executed by a processor.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the method according to any one of the first aspect.
The application provides an element logging and spectrum resolving method, an element logging and spectrum resolving device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a gamma energy spectrum of a stratum to be detected and a standard spectrum corresponding to a plurality of first elements; performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the first elements; determining a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element in the stratum to be detected; determining the yield corresponding to each second element by adopting a weighted least square method according to the spectrum resolving energy channel and the gamma energy spectrum corresponding to the second elements; and determining the dry weight corresponding to each second element according to the yield corresponding to each second element. In the method, a plurality of second elements included in the formation to be tested can be determined in the predetermined first elements by a weighted least square method, and then the dry weight of each second element in the formation to be tested is determined according to the weighted least square method, so that the formation resolution precision is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an element logging spectroscopy solution method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a spectrum-resolving energy channel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process for determining a type of an earth formation element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pulse timing sequence according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a formation model provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a gamma energy spectrum of a formation under test according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an elemental standard spectrum provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another elemental standard spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an element logging and spectrum resolving device provided in the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another element logging and spectrum resolving device provided in the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Specific embodiments of the present application have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in more detail below. These drawings and written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any manner, but rather to illustrate the inventive concepts to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.
At present, in order to facilitate reservoir evaluation of a stratum to be tested, dry weight of elements in the stratum to be tested can be analyzed usually in an element logging mode. The element logging is to emit neutrons to the stratum to be tested through a neutron source emitting device, and then to release gamma rays outwards after the neutrons react with elements in the stratum to be tested, so that a gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be tested is obtained.
When the gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be measured is subjected to spectrum decomposition (that is, when the dry weight of the elements contained in the stratum to be measured is calculated), the dry weight of each element in the stratum to be measured can be obtained directly by adopting a least square method or a weighted least square method according to the standard spectrum of each element in the stratum to be measured and the gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be measured.
However, the above analysis method needs to obtain the dry weight of each element in the formation to be measured on the premise of defining the element type of the formation to be measured. On the other hand, the gamma energy spectrum is subjected to full spectrum analysis and spectrum decomposition by directly adopting the method, so that the error between the obtained element content and the real element content is large, and the spectrum decomposition precision is low.
The application provides a method, a device, an electronic device and a storage medium for logging and spectrum resolving of elements, and aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The following describes the technical solutions of the present application and how to solve the above technical problems with specific embodiments. These several specific embodiments may be combined with each other below, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. Embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an elemental logging and spectrum resolving method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, the method in this embodiment includes the following steps:
s101, a gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be detected and standard spectrums corresponding to the first elements are obtained.
Illustratively, the first element in this embodiment is an element that is assumed in advance to be possibly included in a plurality of formations to be measured. In one example, when a gamma energy spectrum of a stratum to be measured is obtained, a fast neutron with 14MeV can be emitted to the stratum by using a pulse neutron source, the fast neutron enters the stratum and then undergoes inelastic scattering, elastic scattering and radiation capture reaction, both inelastic scattering and radiation capture reaction can release gamma rays, and inelastic scattering occurs at the first 10 -8 ～10 -7 Second, at 10 -3 The capture reaction occurred after seconds. Subsequently, counting rates of non-bomb gamma and capture gamma with different energies can be recorded by setting a time gate on a detector, and then a neutron-gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be detected is obtained. In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,the principle can be referred to the same method for obtaining gamma energy spectrum, and the details are not repeated here.
S102, performing spectrum decomposition by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the first elements.
For example, after the gamma energy spectrum of the formation to be measured and the standard spectra corresponding to the plurality of first elements are obtained, the gamma energy spectrum may be subjected to spectrum decomposition according to a weighted least square method, and the second element included in the formation to be measured may be determined from the plurality of first elements according to a result of the spectrum decomposition.
Specifically, after the gamma energy spectrum of the formation to be measured is unscrambled, the relative yields of all the first elements, i.e., the contribution of each first element to the gamma energy spectrum, can be obtained. The obtained relative yield value of the elements existing in the stratum to be detected is high, the yield value of the elements not contained in the stratum to be detected is low, even negative values can occur, therefore, a yield threshold value can be preset, if the determined relative yield of the first element is smaller than the yield threshold value, the first element is not in the stratum to be detected, and if the determined relative yield of the first element is larger than or equal to the yield threshold value, the first element can be used as the second element.
In particular, the following formula can be used for calculation in the spectrum solution. In the following formula, R represents a relative error value (which can be set manually), i represents the number of energy channels selected during spectrum solution, m represents the total number of energy channels, and N represents the total number of energy channels i Representing the counting rate of the gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be measured of the ith energy channel, j representing the number of element types for spectrum solution, n being the total number of the element types, x j Representing the relative yield of the jth element, a ij Count rate, W, of a standard spectrum representing the jth element at the ith energy track i Representing the weight of the ith energy track.
Wherein, W i Can be passed throughThe following equation yields:
in the above-mentioned formula, the first and second,
the standard error of the counting rate of the ith energy track is T, and the time for acquiring the energy spectrum is T.
In combination with the above two equations, the matrix X, which can be calculated to make up the relative yields of the first elements, can be expressed by the following equation,
X＝(A T WA) -1 A T WC
wherein matrix A is represented by a ij A matrix of count rates of the standard spectra of the elements; the matrix W is formed by i Forming a diagonal weight matrix; the matrix C is represented by elements N i A matrix of components.
S103, determining a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element in the stratum to be detected.
Illustratively, after determining the second elements contained in the formation to be tested, it is necessary to further determine the relative yields of the second elements in the formation to be tested. Before calculating the relative yield, the corresponding unscrambling energy of each second element needs to be determined. In one example, the solution spectral energy trace may be selected among the energy traces of each second element. The spectrum resolving energy may be a corresponding energy channel of a characteristic peak of each second element, or may be obtained by screening the corresponding energy channel of the characteristic peak of each second element, which is not specifically limited herein.
And S104, determining the yield corresponding to each second element by adopting a weighted least square method according to the solution spectrum energy channel and the gamma energy spectrum corresponding to the plurality of second elements.
For example, after the energy trace of each second element is determined, the solution spectrum energy trace of each second element, the gamma energy spectrum of the formation to be measured, and the standard spectrum of each second element may be combined with the calculation formula in step S102 to calculate the yield corresponding to each second element.
And S105, determining the dry weight corresponding to each second element according to the yield corresponding to each second element.
Illustratively, when the dry weight corresponding to each second element is calculated according to the yield of each second element, the dry weight can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein M is j Is the mass percentage of the jth element; x is the number of j Is the yield of the jth element; s j Is the sensitivity factor of the jth element, and F is the normalization factor.
S j The size of the probability of the neutron reacting with the formation element to generate gamma photon is shown, and is related to the non-elastic or capture section of the element and the instrument; since the actual sensitivity factor of an element is difficult to obtain, the sensitivity factor is specific to the sensitivity factor, and the sensitivity factor can be calculated as follows, and assuming that the sensitivity factor of Si is 1, the sensitivity factors of other elements can be expressed as:
in the above formula, S rj Relative sensitivity factor of j element to be solved; s. the j The sensitivity factor of the jth element to be solved; s si Is a sensitivity factor of Si element; y is j The yield of the jth element to be solved; w j Is the dry weight of the jth element to be solved; y is Si Is the relative yield of Si; w Si Is the dry weight of the Si element. In one example, in actually calculating the element sensitivity factor, the SiO may be simulated by using MCNP (Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code, monte Carlo Particle Transport software package) and the preset dry weight of each element 2 And a mixed stratum consisting of the oxide of the element to be detected to obtain a gamma energy spectrum of the mixed stratum, then solving the gamma energy spectrum by using a weighted least square method to obtain the yield of the two elements, and combining the two elementsAnd substituting the set dry weights of the two elements into the formula to obtain the relative sensitivity factor of the element to be detected, and taking the relative sensitivity factor of the element to be detected as the sensitivity factor of the element to be detected.
F is a normalization factor which can be obtained by an oxide closed model; specifically, the calculation method of the normalization factor comprises the following steps:
in the above formula, wherein Z j Is the inverse of the oxide index of the jth element in the compound of that element, i.e., the ratio of the mass fractions of that element in the compound. y is j Is the yield of the element; s j Is the relative sensitivity factor of the element.
Further, in combination with the calculation formula in step S105, the yield of each second element can be converted into a corresponding dry weight.
In this embodiment, when determining the dry weight of each element in the stratum to be measured, first, the second element included in the stratum to be measured is screened out from a plurality of preset first elements according to a weighted least square method. And then, selecting solution spectrum energy tracks from the energy spectrum of each second element, and determining the dry weight of each second element according to the determined solution spectrum energy tracks of the second elements and the gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be detected. When the element logging is performed and the spectrum is resolved by the method, the element types in the stratum do not need to be determined in advance, and compared with the method of directly using the least square method to perform spectrum resolving on the stratum to be measured, the method provided by the embodiment has higher accuracy in spectrum resolving.
In some embodiments, on the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, since the characteristic peak of an element is clearer in the energy spectrum of each element and is easy to determine in the actual detection process, when determining the spectrum-resolved energy trace corresponding to the second element, the characteristic peak energy trace in each standard spectrum of the second element may be used as the spectrum-resolved energy trace. Furthermore, the problem of large calculation amount when all energy channels of the elements are adopted for spectrum solution is avoided, and meanwhile, the problem that spectral lines of partial energy channels in element spectral lines are inaccurate due to the detection efficiency of the detector, and further the spectrum solution precision is influenced is avoided.
In some embodiments, on the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, in order to further determine the corresponding solution spectrum energy of each second element, (i.e. when performing step S102 in fig. 1), the following may be taken. Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a solution spectrum energy channel according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 2, the method includes the following steps:
s201, determining a characteristic peak energy channel in the standard spectrum corresponding to each second element and different element content combinations of the second elements.
For example, in this embodiment, after the standard spectrum of each second element is obtained, the corresponding characteristic peak energy track in each standard spectrum is determined, and different element content combinations of the plurality of second elements are specified in advance. For example, when the first element contains Si and Al, the combination of different element contents of the plurality of second elements set in advance at this time may be SiO with a mass fraction of 70% 2 30% of Al 2 O 3 (ii) a 60% SiO 2 40% of Al 2 O 3 (ii) a 50% SiO 2 50% of Al 2 O 3 (ii) a And the content of various elements is combined.
S202, establishing multiple types of characteristic peak combinations, wherein each type comprises a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element, and the spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to the second element comprises a track address of at least one characteristic peak energy channel corresponding to the second element; at least one distinguishing element exists among the characteristic peak combinations of different types, and the distinguishing elements are different in the number and/or the addresses of corresponding spectrum resolving energy channels in the characteristic peak combinations of different types.
For example, when the second element includes: h (2.2523 MeV), mg (2.8398 MeV, 3.9414MeV, 8.1641 MeV), si (3.5742 MeV, 4.9695MeV, 6.4016MeV, 7.2094 MeV), the types of signature combinations established may include: the type one is as follows: h (2.2523 MeV), mg (2.8398 MeV), si (3.5742 MeV, 4.9695MeV, 6.4016MeV, 7.2094 MeV); type two: h (2.2523 MeV), mg (2.8398 MeV, 3.9414 MeV), si (3.5742 MeV, 4.9695MeV, 6.4016MeV, 7.2094 MeV); type three: h (2.2523 MeV), mg (3.9414 MeV, 8.1641 MeV), si (3.5742 MeV, 4.9695MeV, 6.4016MeV, 7.2094 MeV) and the like, wherein each type at least comprises a second element which is different from the number of the solution spectrum energy channels selected by the second element in other types and/or the corresponding track addresses of the solution spectrum energy channels.
S203, aiming at each type, under different element content combinations, obtaining gamma energy spectrums corresponding to the different element content combinations, and calculating to obtain different actual element contents; if the error between each different actual element content and the corresponding different element content in the type is smaller than the threshold value, combining the characteristic peaks of the type into a spectrum solving energy channel.
Illustratively, in order to determine the type of the characteristic peak combination, in the determination, a group of types and a group of element content combinations may be selected at will, if an error between an actual element content calculated according to a gamma energy spectrum corresponding to the element content combination and a content in a preset element content combination is smaller than a threshold under the type and the element content combination, the element content combination is continuously changed under the type, the comparison is performed after spectrum decomposition under different element content combinations is continued, if errors corresponding to all the element content combinations under the type are smaller than the threshold, the characteristic peak combination of the type may be combined as a spectrum decomposition energy channel, and if the errors corresponding to all the element content combinations are not smaller than the threshold, the characteristic peak combination type is reselected, and the above process is repeated.
In this embodiment, by the method for determining the solution spectrum energy channel, the determined solution spectrum energy channel has higher accuracy of the solution spectrum obtained under different contents of the second element for the second element combination. Namely, the spectrum resolving energy channel determined by the method is suitable for the stratum with different element contents and a plurality of second element combinations. Therefore, when the sensitivity of the elements in the stratum to be detected is not high or the element content is less, the solution spectrum energy channel of each element can be determined by the method so as to improve the solution spectrum precision.
In some embodiments, on the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, performing spectrum decomposition by using a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrum corresponding to the plurality of first elements, and determining the plurality of second elements of the formation to be measured from the plurality of first elements (i.e., when performing step S102), may be implemented by: fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of determining a type of a formation element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 3, the method includes the following steps:
s301, performing spectrum resolution by a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrums corresponding to the first elements, and determining the yield of the first elements in the stratum to be tested;
s302, for each first element, if the yield of the first element is greater than or equal to a first preset value of the first element, determining the first element as a second element.
For example, in this embodiment, to select the second element from the first elements, the yield of each first element is calculated by a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the plurality of first elements, and then the yield of each first element is compared with the corresponding first preset value, and when the yield of each first element is greater than or equal to the first preset value, the first element is determined as the second element. The first preset values corresponding to each first element may be the same or different.
In some embodiments, in step S301 in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the yields of the plurality of first elements may be obtained according to a predetermined interval spectrum, that is, according to the gamma energy spectrum and a predetermined interval spectrum in the standard spectrum of the plurality of first elements, performing a spectrum decomposition by using a weighted least squares method to determine the yields of the plurality of first elements in the formation to be measured. Specifically, during the experiment, due to different detection efficiencies of the detectors, the statistical error of the corresponding counting rate of the gamma energy spectrum high-energy channel of the element or the stratum to be detected is large, so that the acquired standard spectrum of the element or the gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be detected is inaccurate. For example, an energy spectrum in an interval from 1.5MeV to 8MeV may be selected, wherein the interval value of the high energy channel may be selected differently according to different detectors.
In this embodiment, when performing spectrum solution according to the weighted least square method, spectrum solution may be performed in a predetermined interval spectrum, and then, an energy spectrum segment with a large measurement error in the gamma energy spectrum or the standard spectrum and an energy spectrum segment that is not easily distinguished between the standard spectra of each element may be removed, thereby improving the spectrum solution accuracy.
In some embodiments, after step S301 in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, in order to obtain a second element included in the formation to be tested by screening among the plurality of first elements, a first preset value of each first element may be set according to a sensitivity factor of the element, where the sensitivity factor is positively correlated with the first preset value. For example, for a first element with a sensitivity factor greater than 1, the first preset value for that element is 0.01, and for a first element with a sensitivity factor less than 1, the first preset value for that element is set to a minimum of 0.001, and elements less than the minimum of the element yield are considered to be absent from the formation.
In this embodiment, when the second element is screened out from the first element, different first preset values may be set according to different sensitivities of the elements, so as to determine whether the first element exists in the formation to be detected. By the method, the second element contained in the stratum to be detected can be more accurately judged, and the spectrum resolving precision is further improved.
In some embodiments, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, before performing spectrum decomposition by using a weighted least square method and determining a plurality of second elements in the formation to be measured from the plurality of first elements, a second gamma energy spectrum (i.e., a gamma energy spectrum after normalization) may be obtained after performing normalization on the acquired gamma energy spectrum of the formation to be measured. And then, performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the second gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrum corresponding to the first element, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the plurality of first elements. In an example, after the gamma energy spectrum of the formation to be measured is obtained, broadening processing may be performed on the obtained gamma energy spectrum, that is, the gamma energy spectrum obtained by experimental simulation is corrected according to the gamma energy spectrum measured in the real formation, so that the gamma energy spectrum obtained by simulation is closer to the real gamma energy spectrum. Specifically, the widening processing for the spectrum is the same as the processing in the related art, and is not described here again.
In the embodiment of the application, after normalization processing is performed on the obtained gamma energy spectrum, the processed gamma energy spectrum can reflect the gamma characteristic of the stratum to be measured.
In one example of a practical application, an instrument structure for testing earth formations consists essentially of a neutron source, a detector, an instrument housing, shielding, and the like. The neutron source adopts a pulse neutron source capable of emitting 14MeV fast neutrons, the pulse time sequence of the pulse neutron source is shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the pulse time sequence provided by the embodiment of the application. In the instrument for testing the stratum, the shell of the instrument can be made of titanium alloy, the shielding body is made of tungsten steel, and the lower part of the instrument is wrapped with a boron sleeve. The diameter of the instrument is 50mm, and the length is 550mm; the detector is a cylindrical lanthanum bromide crystal with the diameter of 26.6mm and the length of 38 mm; the source distance is 380mm. The borehole and the stratum are designed into a series of cylinders, the radius of the borehole is 10cm, the radius of the stratum part is 10cm-80cm, and the height is 150cm. Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a formation model provided in an embodiment of the present application, in which in a formation to be measured, formation substances are set to be SiO with a mass fraction of 25% 2 25% CaMg (CO) 3 ) 2 25% of Fe 2 S 3 25% of Al 2 O 3 A mixture of (a). Obtaining a mixed gamma energy spectrum of the formation to be measured, as shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a gamma energy spectrum of the formation to be measured according to the embodiment of the present application.
The obtained element standard spectrum is measured in a standard well in advance, wherein the element standard spectrum is a neutron gamma energy spectrum which is obtained by assuming that a stratum only has a single element, and the gamma energy spectrum of the actual stratum to be measured is the sum of the standard spectra of different elements according to a certain proportion. In this embodiment, MCNP values are used to build a formation model simulation shown in fig. 4, so as to obtain a standard spectrum of the first elements Al, ca, cu, fe, H, K, mg, mn, na, S, si, and Ti. In a particular experiment, the formation was set to the oxide of the element and the borehole was set to vacuum in order to keep the standard spectrum relatively pure. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an element standard spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of another element standard spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 7 shows a standard spectrum of Mn, na, S, K, ti and Mg. FIG. 8 shows standard spectra of Si, cu, fe, ca, al and H elements.
Then, the first elements are subjected to spectrum decomposition according to a weighted least square method to obtain the yield of each first element, as shown in the following table one.
TABLE I yield of each first element
| Element(s) | Yield of the product |
| Si | 0.0775 |
| Al | 0.1095 |
| Ca | 0.0450 |
| Fe | 0.4575 |
| H | 0.2303 |
| S | 0.1932 |
| Mg | 0.0022 |
| Ti | 0.0084 |
| Na | 0.0017 |
| Cu | -0.0035 |
| K | -0.1249 |
| Mn | 0.0034 |
According to the yield of each first element and the first preset value of each first element, screening to obtain a second element comprises: si, al, ca, fe, H. As shown in table two, table two is the characteristic peak addresses corresponding to the second elements.
TABLE II, characteristic peak address of stratum element to be measured
Further, with the elements Si, al, ca, fe, H, mg, S identified in fig. 2 for the present example, their characteristic peaks are shown in table two. The optimal solution spectrum energy of each second element selected from the second elements is shown in the following table three:
TABLE III, characteristic peak road address of stratum element to be measured
After the de-spectral energy of each second element is determined, the yield of each second element is determined according to the weighted least squares method, and then the yield and the formula in step S105 can be converted into the dry weight of each element. In this example, the calculated dry weight of each element is shown in the following table, where the theoretical dry weight is a dry weight value of each element preset when a simulation experiment is performed. The absolute error in the table is the absolute value of the difference between the calculated dry weight and the theoretical dry weight of each element.
Fourth, calculate element dry weight and theoretical element dry weight comparison
| Element(s) | Si | Al | Ca | Fe | H | Mg | S |
| Calculating the dry weight | 0.1235 | 0.1326 | 0.0633 | 0.1486 | 0.0033 | 0.0134 | 0.1337 |
| Theoretical dry weight | 0.1167 | 0.1324 | 0.0543 | 0.1346 | 0.0000 | 0.0326 | 0.1154 |
| Absolute error | 0.0068 | 0.0003 | 0.0090 | 0.0140 | 0.0033 | 0.0192 | 0.0183 |
Further, table five is the calculated dry weight and absolute error of each element calculated by directly using all energy tracks of the gamma energy spectrum and a weighted least square method in the related art. Compared with the absolute errors in the table four, the absolute errors obtained by the dry weight calculation method provided by the embodiment of the application are smaller, namely closer to the theoretical values.
TABLE V comparison of element dry weight calculated by full spectrum weighted least square method and theoretical element dry weight
| Element(s) | Si | Al | Ca | Fe | H | Mg | S |
| Calculating the dry weight | 0.1153 | 0.1136 | 0.0411 | 0.1302 | 0.0286 | -0.0414 | 0.1092 |
| Theoretical dry weight | 0.1167 | 0.1324 | 0.0543 | 0.1346 | 0.0000 | 0.0326 | 0.1154 |
| Absolute error | 0.0014 | 0.0187 | 0.0133 | 0.0044 | 0.0286 | 0.0741 | 0.0062 |
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an element logging and spectrum resolving device provided by the present application, and as shown in fig. 9, the device includes:
the acquiring unit 41 is configured to acquire a gamma energy spectrum of the formation to be measured and a standard spectrum corresponding to the plurality of first elements;
the first spectrum resolving unit 42 is configured to perform spectrum resolving by using a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the plurality of first elements, and determine a plurality of second elements of the formation to be measured from the plurality of first elements;
the first determining unit 43 is configured to determine a spectrum-solving energy channel corresponding to each second element in the formation to be measured;
the second determining unit 44 is configured to determine, according to the solution spectrum energy channel and the gamma energy spectrum corresponding to the plurality of second elements, a yield corresponding to each second element by using a weighted least square method;
and a third determining unit 45, configured to determine a dry weight corresponding to each second element according to the yield corresponding to each second element.
The apparatus provided in this embodiment is configured to implement the technical solution provided by the foregoing method, and the implementation principle and the technical effect are similar, which are not described again.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another element logging and spectrum resolving device according to the present application. Based on the device structure shown in fig. 9, in some embodiments, the solution spectrum energy trace corresponding to each second element is a characteristic peak energy trace in the standard spectrum corresponding to each second element.
In some embodiments, the first determining unit 43 includes:
a first determining module 431, configured to determine a characteristic peak energy channel in the standard spectrum corresponding to each second element and different element content combinations of the plurality of second elements;
a preset module 432, configured to establish multiple types of feature peak combinations, where each type includes a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element, and the spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to the second element includes a track address of at least one feature peak energy channel corresponding to the second element; at least one distinguishing element exists among the characteristic peak combinations of different types, and the distinguishing elements are different in the number and/or the addresses of corresponding spectrum resolving energy channels in the characteristic peak combinations of different types;
a second determining module 433, configured to obtain, for each type and under different element content combinations, gamma energy spectra corresponding to the different element content combinations, and calculate different actual element contents; if the error between each different actual element content and the corresponding different element content in the type is smaller than the threshold value, combining the characteristic peaks of the type into a spectrum solving energy channel.
In some embodiments, the first spectrum-solving unit 42 includes:
the third determining module 421 is configured to perform spectrum decomposition by a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the plurality of first elements, and determine the yields of the plurality of first elements in the formation to be measured;
the fourth determining module 422 determines, for each first element, the first element as the second element if the yield of the first element is greater than or equal to the first preset value of the first element.
In some embodiments, the third determining module 421 is specifically configured to:
and determining the yield of the plurality of first elements in the stratum to be tested by performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the predetermined interval spectrum in the standard spectrums of the plurality of first elements.
In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises:
the setting module 423 is configured to, after the third determining module 421 performs spectrum decomposition by a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrum corresponding to the plurality of first elements to determine the yields of the plurality of first elements in the formation to be measured, set a first preset value of each first element based on a sensitivity factor of each first element, where the sensitivity factor is positively correlated with the first preset value.
In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises:
and the processing unit 46 is configured to perform normalization processing on the gamma energy spectrum to obtain a second gamma energy spectrum before the first spectrum solving unit 42 performs spectrum solving by using a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the plurality of first elements and determines the plurality of second elements of the formation to be measured from the plurality of first elements.
The first spectrum resolving unit 42 is specifically configured to perform spectrum resolving by using a weighted least square method according to the second gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrum corresponding to the first element, and determine a plurality of second elements of the formation to be measured from the plurality of first elements.
The apparatus provided in this embodiment is configured to implement the technical solution provided by the foregoing method, and the implementation principle and the technical effect are similar, which are not described again.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 11, the electronic device includes:
a processor (processor) 291, the electronic device further comprising a memory (memory) 292; a Communication Interface 293 and bus 294 may also be included. The processor 291, the memory 292, and the communication interface 293 may communicate with each other via the bus 294. Communication interface 293 may be used for the transmission of information. Processor 291 may call logic instructions in memory 294 to perform the methods of the embodiments described above.
Furthermore, the logic instructions in the memory 292 may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when sold or used as a stand-alone product.
The memory 292 is used as a computer-readable storage medium for storing software programs, computer-executable programs, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the methods in the embodiments of the present application. The processor 291 executes the functional application and data processing by executing the software program, instructions and modules stored in the memory 292, so as to implement the method in the above method embodiments.
The memory 292 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the terminal device, and the like. Further, the memory 292 may include a high speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory.
The embodiment of the application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored, and the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor to implement the method provided by the above embodiment.
The embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method provided by the above embodiments.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.
When the layout of the data visualization large screen is updated or the data visualization large screen for displaying data is changed, the layout design drawing is designed, a large amount of manpower is consumed, and the efficiency for constructing the data visualization large screen is low.
Claims (9)
1. An elemental logging spectroscopy method, the method comprising:
acquiring a gamma energy spectrum of a stratum to be detected and a standard spectrum corresponding to a plurality of first elements;
performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and standard spectra corresponding to the first elements, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the first elements;
determining a characteristic peak energy channel in the standard spectrum corresponding to each second element and different element content combinations of the plurality of second elements;
establishing multiple types of characteristic peak combinations, wherein each type comprises a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element, and the spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to the second element comprises a channel address of at least one characteristic peak energy channel corresponding to the second element; at least one distinguishing element exists among the characteristic peak combinations of different types, and the distinguishing elements are different in the number and/or addresses of corresponding spectrum resolving energy channels in the characteristic peak combinations of different types;
aiming at each type, under different element content combinations, obtaining gamma energy spectrums corresponding to the different element content combinations, and calculating to obtain different actual element contents; if the error between each different actual element content and the corresponding different element content in the type is smaller than the threshold value, combining characteristic peaks of the type into a spectrum resolving energy channel;
determining the yield corresponding to each second element by adopting a weighted least square method according to the spectrum resolving energy channels corresponding to the second elements and the gamma energy spectrum;
and determining the dry weight corresponding to each second element according to the yield corresponding to each second element.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution spectrum energy trace corresponding to each second element is a characteristic peak energy trace in the standard spectrum corresponding to each second element.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a plurality of second elements of the formation to be measured from the plurality of first elements by performing spectrum solution using a weighted least squares method according to the gamma energy spectrum and standard spectra corresponding to the plurality of first elements comprises:
performing spectrum resolution by a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements to determine the yield of the first elements in the stratum to be detected;
and for each first element, if the yield of the first element is greater than or equal to a first preset value of the first element, determining the first element as a second element.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the yields of the first elements in the formation under test by performing a weighted least squares solution on the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements comprises:
and determining the yield of the first elements in the stratum to be measured by performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the predetermined interval spectrum in the standard spectra of the first elements.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein after determining the yields of the first elements in the formation under test by performing a weighted least squares solution on the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements, the method further comprises:
setting a first preset value of each first element based on the sensitivity factor of the first element, wherein the sensitivity factor is positively correlated with the first preset value.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein before performing the de-spectroscopy using the weighted least squares method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements to determine the second elements of the formation under test from the first elements, the method further comprises:
normalizing the gamma energy spectrum to obtain a second gamma energy spectrum;
according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrum corresponding to the plurality of first elements, performing spectrum solution by adopting a weighted least square method, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the plurality of first elements, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
and performing spectrum resolution by adopting a weighted least square method according to the second gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectrum corresponding to the first element, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the plurality of first elements.
7. An elemental logging spectroscopy apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a gamma energy spectrum of the stratum to be detected and a standard spectrum corresponding to the first elements;
the first spectrum resolving unit is used for resolving the spectrum by adopting a weighted least square method according to the gamma energy spectrum and the standard spectra corresponding to the first elements, and determining a plurality of second elements of the stratum to be detected from the first elements;
a first determining unit, configured to determine a characteristic peak energy channel in the standard spectrum corresponding to each of the second elements and different element content combinations of the plurality of second elements; establishing multiple types of characteristic peak combinations, wherein each type comprises a spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to each second element, and the spectrum resolving energy channel corresponding to the second element comprises a channel address of at least one characteristic peak energy channel corresponding to the second element; at least one distinguishing element exists among the characteristic peak combinations of different types, and the distinguishing elements are different in the number and/or the addresses of corresponding spectrum resolving energy channels in the characteristic peak combinations of different types; for each type, under different element content combinations, obtaining gamma energy spectrums corresponding to the different element content combinations, and calculating to obtain different actual element contents; if the error between each different actual element content and the corresponding different element content in the type is smaller than the threshold value, combining characteristic peaks of the type into a spectrum resolving energy channel;
the second determining unit is used for determining the yield corresponding to each second element by adopting a weighted least square method according to the spectrum resolving energy channels corresponding to the second elements and the gamma energy spectrum;
and the third determining unit is used for determining the dry weight corresponding to each second element according to the yield corresponding to each second element.
8. An electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor;
a memory; a memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to perform the method according to the executable instructions of any one of claims 1-6.
9. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, perform the method of any one of claims 1-6.
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