CN105093262B - One kind digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind to digitize neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods, comprises the following steps：The monoenergetic neutrons that digitlization neutron spectrometer is obtained by the experiment scale of monoenergetic neutrons is testing the receptance function that can be put；Foundation solves equation module, is solved using high order nonhomogeneous equation residual error least square method；Above two step is combined to the relevant parameter for obtaining neutron spectrometer receptance function, i.e. luminosity, zero track position and per pass energy；Establish response matrix computing module；Obtain the complete response matrix of neutron to be measured.The response matrix acquisition methods, simplify and obtain response matrix parameter testing process, saved receptance function and obtained time cost, improved receptance function computational accuracy；Realize intellectualized operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radioactive substance field of detecting, and in particular to one kind digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition side
Method.
Background technology
Liquid scintillation bulk detector is the one kind belonged in organic scintillator detector, for organic scintillator, its advantage
It is that hydrogeneous density is big, thus neutron detection efficiency is high, and also time response is fast.In addition again because there is good particle to discriminate for it
Other performance, so they are widely used in fast-neutron detection.The developing history of liquid scintillator is simply introduced below.
The measuring principle of detector measurement neutron energy spectrum is dodged using organic liquor is：When bullet occurs for incident neutron and H atom core
Property scattering when, the direction of motion of neutron changes, and energy has also been reduced, and the energy transmission of neutron reduction gives H atom core, makes H former
Daughter nucleus is moved with certain speed.This H atom core is known as recoil proton, and it has certain electric charge, can be used as charged particle
To record.Have recorded recoil proton is exactly to have detected neutron.Recoil proton energy is related to incident neutron energy, according to recoil
Proton energy deposition is composed and liquid dodges detector response function and can be finally inversed by incident neutron spectral information.
, it is necessary to clearly during using pulse form analysis technology to detector pulse amplitude spectrum measured directly progress spectrum unscrambling
The receptance function of calculating detector, that is, the letter of the stochastic relation between the energy of incoming particle and its caused impulse amplitude is described
Number, can be expressed as：
In formula, E0 is the energy of incoming particle；R (E0, h) is receptance function；G (E, h) is Gaussian resolution function；D(E0,
E) it is energy deposition spectra；D (E0, E) dE represents that photon of the projectile energy for E0 sedimentary energy in detector is interior at (E, E+dE)
Probability；η (E0) is detection efficient, is that the particle counting of primary first-order equation at least occurs in crystal and incides the grain on detector
The ratio between subnumber mesh.And D (E0, E) normalizing factor, i.e.,：
The purpose for obtaining receptance function is that structure response matrix R, and neutron energy spectrum is solved using it.
The degree of accuracy of response matrix directly determines the precision of neutron energy spectrum after spectrum unscrambling, at present the acquisition of neutron response matrix
The acquisition of response matrix is often carried out by the way of theoretical calculation and Dan Nengdian experiment scales are combined.Pass through theoretical calculation sense
Interest energy area monoenergetic neutrons receptance function, calculation procedure use the NRESP7 programs of Germany technology physical study institute (PTB) exploitation.
Then measurement pulse amplitude spectrum is tested according to monoenergetic neutrons and amendment is fitted to experimental spectrum, obtain experimental spectrum and the pressure of theoretical spectrum
The contracting factor, is modified to compressibility factor, is preferably responded so as to obtain to coincide with monoenergetic neutrons pulse amplitude spectrum (experimental spectrum)
Function.
The main deficiency of this receptance function acquisition modes is：The simulation luminous process of 1.NRESP7 programs is that user is hidden
, user can not be directed to some special feature detectors and carry out receptance function calculating.
2.NRESP7 programs can not consider that liquid dodges the final number of electrons that produces with statistics random distribution.
3. theoretical calculation spectrum does not account for experimental spectrum zero track amendment.
Bibliography：Neutron Spectrometry in Mixed Fields:NE213/BC501A Liquid
Scintillation Spectrometers.Radiation Protection Dosimetry Vol.107,Nos 1-3,
pp,95-109(2003)；.
The content of the invention
For defect present in prior art, the present invention provides a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition side
Method, this process simplify response matrix parameter testing process is obtained, receptance function is saved and has obtained time cost, improved response
The computational accuracy of function.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix is provided
Acquisition methods, comprise the following steps：
A, scale is tested by monoenergetic neutrons and obtains the response letter that digitizes the monoenergetic neutrons of neutron spectrometer and can be put in experiment
Number；
B, establish and solve equation module, solved using high order nonhomogeneous equation residual error least square method；
C, with reference to above-mentioned steps a and step b, the receptance function relevant parameter of neutron spectrometer, i.e. luminosity, zero track are obtained
Position and per pass energy；
D, response matrix computing module is established；
E, the complete response matrix of neutron to be measured is obtained.
Further, in step a), the monoenergetic neutrons is obtained by swindletron nuclear reaction method, each Dan Nengzhong
The energy point pulse amplitude spectrum of son need to meet following equations
Wherein：(4) in formula, Δ E is per pass energy；Ch0For zero track position；K and B is constant, and the constant only relies on sudden strain of a muscle
The chemical composition of bright body, it is unrelated with incoming particle；DE/dx is the energy that charged particle consumes on the unit path of scintillating medium
Amount；By the simultaneous equation group of more than three, each monoenergetic neutrons experiment point probe per pass energy Δ E, zero track position are obtained
Ch0And luminosity kB.
Further, in stepb, the high order nonhomogeneous equation residual error least square method solves, and attempts to calculate using multiple
Method combination variance is minimum to be judged, it is final obtain with the immediate per pass energy of all experimentss result, zero track position and it is luminous because
Sub three parameters.
Further, in step d, the response matrix computing module has worked out main functions, definition initialization class and
User behavior class, while define visualization interface.
Further, in the user behavior class, proton and electron luminescence function are provided with based on above-mentioned equation (4).
Further, the response matrix computing module computational methods are as follows：
1) judge whether there is energy deposition in minimum simulation material calculation Step, if energy deposits, judgement is by assorted
Particle produces, if the particle is photon, destroys the tracking process and closes secondary reaction road caused by its photon.
If 2) particle types of energy deposition are protons caused by minimum simulation material calculation Step, addition experiment
The receptance function that spectrum scale obtains,Pass through GetTotalEnergyDeposit () function
Proton sedimentary energy is obtained, the path length of particle is obtained by GetStepLength () function, obtained by Calibration Experiment
Birks luminous function, determines number of photons caused by the step.
3) if it is determined that minimum simulation material calculation Step tracking particle be electronics, according to caused by electronics fluorescence number and
Electron energy is linear relationship, and the number of photons as caused by proton and electronics in all minimum simulation material calculation Step is summed,
Number of photons summation as caused by the neutron event.
Further, in step 2), Gaussian Profile spread function is added, the spread function is true using experimental calibration method
It is fixed.
The advantageous effects of the present invention are：
(1) present invention is provided with a kind of experimental calibration method, and it is non-to develop a high order based on Window window writing routines
Homogeneous equation group residual error minimum solves equation module；Thus, the calculating time of receptance function is simplified, improves the meter of receptance function
Calculate precision；
(2) present invention develops a set of liquid sudden strain of a muscle response matrix computing module, and the response matrix computing module is carved according to experiment
The luminosity of degree, electronics zero track position, energy bite corresponding to per pass, establish the liquid almost identical with experimental detection system
Shwoot photophysical process, real system electronics zero track is corrected, while simulated random during fluorescence produces
Statistical distribution；Thus, simplify and obtain response matrix parameter testing process, save the time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of present invention digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods；
Fig. 2 is the signal that 1.15MeV monoenergetic neutrons calculates receptance function and 1.15MeV monoenergetic neutrons test of pulse amplitude spectrums
Figure；
Fig. 3 is in receptance function and 4MeV after the compressed factor amendment of 4MeV neutron energy NRESP7 result of calculations
Sub- energy experimental spectrum；
Fig. 4 is that ergodic algorithm solves KB factor program window figures.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in figure 1, being the method that neutron spectrometer response matrix provided by the invention obtains, pass through the experiment of monoenergetic neutrons
Scale obtains the receptance function that digitlization neutron spectrometer 1MeV-20MeV monoenergetic neutrons can be put in experiment；Foundation solves equation module,
Solved using high order nonhomogeneous equation residual error least square method；Above two step is combined to the response letter for obtaining neutron spectrometer
Several relevant parameters, i.e. luminosity, zero track position and per pass energy；Establish response matrix computing module；Obtain it is to be measured in
The complete response matrix of son.
Specifically include two large divisions's content：
1. receptance function relevant parameter tests scale
Receptance function relevant parameter experiment scale refers to produce monoenergetic neutrons radiation field by accelerator, obtained at several
The receptance function of monoenergetic neutrons experimental point, the reality of the kB factors, 0 position and per pass representative is determined by formula 4 hereinafter
Three parameters such as border neutron energy.Each experimental point is to establish equation shown in a formula 4, and several experimental points establish a side
Journey group, may most preferably solving for above three parameter is obtained by solving high order nonhomogeneous equation.Finally using these three parameters as meter
The input parameter of response matrix can all be put by calculating.So as to finally obtain full energy range neutron spectrometer response matrix.
The energy dE/dx that charged particle consumes on the unit path of scintillating medium and its caused light on unit path
It is in following relation between subnumber dS/dx：
This formula is exactly Bai Kesi laws (Birks ' Law).Wherein, A is absolute luminescence efficiency, and k is Stern-
The relative rate constant of Volmer equations, B × dE/dx are ionizing event density caused by charged particle.
The Bai Kesi laws integration that statement ionization is quenched can be obtained：
All it is the constant unrelated with incoming particle because k and B only relies on the chemical composition of scintillator in formula,
Multiple tracks spectrum energy is defined at intervals of Δ E, then：
Absolute 0 point due to electronics might not be the 0 of multiple tracks spectrum, it is assumed that 0 point of electronics corresponds to road number and is
Ch0, then above formula be changed into：
Test scale and choose monoenergetic neutrons energy point as much as possible in 1MeV-20MeV energy area, monoenergetic neutrons, which obtains, to be used
Produced based on swindletron nuclear reaction method.Utilize p (T, n)3He reactions produce 1.2MeV monoenergetic neutrons, utilize d (D, n)3He reactions produce 2.5MeV, 5MeV monoenergetic neutrons, utilize d (T, n)4He reactions produce 14.8MeV, 19MeV monoenergetic neutrons.Each
Monoenergetic neutrons energy point pulse amplitude spectrum meets equation (4).So equation group of simultaneous more than three, can obtain used liquid
The per pass for dodging detection system corresponds to energy Δ E, Ch0, three parameters such as kB.
The simultaneous of equation group is the nonhomogeneous equation group of more than 3 times, without unique analytic solutions, is developed based on VC6.0
Equation group solves equation module, and solving equation module using equation group carries out solving equations, is combined using multiple algorithm of attempting
Variance is minimum to be judged, may finally be obtained and all experimentss result immediate Δ E, Ch0, three parameters such as kB.
2. response matrix modular algorithm
Based on Geant4 programs, develop liquid and dodge response matrix computing module.Main functions have been worked out, have been defined
DetectorConstruction detectors construct class and PhysicsList physical processes class two it is necessary initialization class and
Four user behavior classes：RunAction operational managements class, EventAction incident managements class,
PrimaryGeneratorAction primary particles produce management class and the minimum simulation step-length management classes of StepAction.It is simultaneously fixed
Justice is based on a kind of visualization interface for visualizing class HepRep visualization engines.
In StepAction classes, the functional procedure of giving out light of proton and electronics is with the addition of based on Birks formula.Specific algorithm
It is as follows：
1) judge whether there is energy deposition in minimum simulation material calculation Step, if energy deposits, judgement is by assorted
Particle is produced, and due to having carried out neutron in actually measuring, gamma is screened, so in calculation procedure, if the particle is
Photon, then destroy the tracking process and close secondary reaction road caused by its photon.
If 2) particle types of energy deposition are protons caused by minimum simulation material calculation Step, addition experiment
The receptance function that spectrum scale obtains,Pass through GetTotalEnergyDeposit () function
The proton energy of the step product is obtained, the path length of the step particle is obtained by GetStepLength () function, passes through quarter
The luminous functions of Birks that degree experiment obtains, determine number of photons caused by the step.
Because actual luminous physical process has random distribution nature, for the actual luminescence process of more real simulation, it is necessary to
Add Gaussian Profile spreading process.Spread function is determined using experimental calibration method.The spread function for testing determination is updated to
Light output calculating process.Finally give Step processes fluorescence number as caused by proton.It is glimmering caused by proton in all Step
The summation of light number be the neutron event in as caused by recoil proton fluorescence number.
3) if it is determined that Step tracking particles are electronics, fluorescence number is linearly to close with electron energy according to caused by electronics
System, it is neutron event production to number of photons is summed as caused by proton and electronics in all Step by above three process
Raw number of photons summation.
Thus, this invention simplifies response matrix parameter testing process is obtained, the precision of response matrix is improved.Using moral
After the NRESP7 programs of state PTB exploitations calculate liquid sudden strain of a muscle explorer response matrix, then according to monoenergetic neutrons impulse amplitude experimental spectrum
Factor amendment is compressed to response matrix, after obtaining compressibility factor by experimental point, it is also necessary to which manual will each respond square
Battle array is multiplied with compressibility factor, then recycles the Winspekt spectrum processing softwares of German PTB exploitations to compose theoretical calculation and carries out phase
Close amendment.Data handling procedure is very cumbersome, takes around 1 week or even a few time-of-weeks；It is required that data processing operation person needs
Skilled spectrum processing physics skill.And this response matrix acquisition modes are used, data handling procedure is with little need for the time.Because
Once response matrix relevant parameter can consider related corrected parameter automatically through overtesting scale in response matrix calculating process,
The response matrix being calculated can be directly used as the input matrix of spectrum unscrambling, greatly simplify data handling procedure and time cost.
Once program determines, there is no particular/special requirement to operator, realize intelligent processing method.
Because energy is because of each detector system corresponding to system zero track deviation, luminosity, per pass, using single energy
Neutron experiments point pulse amplitude spectrum scale, system zero track deviation is obtained using the nonhomogeneous residual error least square method of solution high order, lighted
Energy error control is within 1% corresponding to the factor, per pass.As shown in Fig. 2 A curves, which are 1.15MeV, calculates receptance function, B lines
It is 1.15MeV monoenergetic neutrons test of pulse amplitude spectrums, is understood in figure, utilizes this method receptance function journey consistent with single energy experimental point
Degree reaches more than 98%, and (wherein experimental spectrum is due to needing card to fall Electronics noice, and threshold value is 50).As shown in figure 3, to use
The receptance function that German PTBNRESP7 programs calculate is by the comparison after the amendment of the Compression Correction factor with experimental result.Can be with
Find out that this method receptance function and experimental result uniformity are higher.A is the compressed factor of 4MeV neutron energy result of calculations in figure
Receptance function after amendment, B are 4MeV neutron energy spectrum experimental spectrums.
Illustrated below by experiment：
1. receptance function relevant parameter experiment scale obtains
Dodged in liquid in detector monoenergetic neutrons scale, scale energy is respectively：E1=1.15MeV, E2=2.42MeV, E3
=4.92MeV, E4=14.8MeV, the multiple tracks spectrum energy side corresponding to it be respectively Ch1=65, Ch2=175, Ch3=439,
Ch4=1620.Range of the proton in BC501A organic solutions is calculated using SRIM programs, it is as shown in the table.
Range of the proton of table 1. in BC501A organic solutions
SRIM calculates point and experiment energy point and misaligned, and we are inserted using Matlab to calculating a progress cubic spline
Value, proton corresponding to experimental point E1=1.15MeV, E2=2.42MeV, E3=4.92MeV, E4=14.8MeV difference is obtained
Range is：X1=0.003144cm, X2=0.011081cm, X3=0.039353cm, X4=0.283cm.
The monoenergetic neutrons of table 2. tests scale and corresponding proton calculation of range result
| Neutron energy/MeV | Maximum by-pass number | Corresponding proton range/cm |
| 1.15 | 65 | 0.003144 |
| 2.42 | 175 | 0.011081 |
| 4.92 | 439 | 0.039353 |
| 14.8 | 1620 | 0.283 |
Parameter will be corresponded in upper table and substitutes into formulaThen：
Simultaneous solution above formula, unknown number are Δ E, Ch0、kB；Because above formula simultaneous is nonhomogeneous ternary quadratic equation group, adopt
It is difficult to provide solution of equations with Analytical Solution way of equation group, therefore develops the calculating of standard variance min algorithm using VC++ and be somebody's turn to do
Solution of equations.
Assuming that Ch0That is the scope of electronics 0 between -100-100 roads, due to actual electronics 0 deviates will not be very big,
Therefore the hypothesis is necessarily set up.Using variance min algorithm principle, Ch is calculated04 equations simultaneousnesses calculate between -100-100 roads
When kB1, kB2, kB3, kB4 standard variance minimum, Ch0For actual electronics 0.KB values Ch for this0Under the conditions of kB1, kB2,
KB3, kB4 average value.It is as shown in Figure 4 to develop program interface.
Core code fragment is as follows：
Final calculation result is as shown in the table：
Table 3.kB factor result of calculations
Have developed the Monte-Carlo code based on Geant4, Geant4 programs can directly simulate lepton, meson, baryon,
Boson, random life-span particle, ion etc..Liquid, which dodges in response simulation calculating process the particle being related to, neutron, proton and photon
Deng can directly be simulated using Geant4 programs.6LiF-SSD response simulations, which calculate the physical process related generally to, to be included：
Electromagnetic interaction, strong interaction, parameterized procedure and PARTICLE TRANSPORT FROM process.One neutron of Geant4 simulation tracings, from
Generation (n, p) reaction is transported to, neutron, proton, the transport process of electronics and luminescence process caused by reaction are finally defeated to light extraction
Go out spectrum.For program language, Geant4 is programmed using object oriented language C++, and inheritance, packaging effects and portability are all
It is more more advantageous than procedural language Fortran.
Main functions have been worked out, it is necessary initial to define DetectorConstruction and PhysicsList two
Change class and four user behavior classes：RunAction、EventAction(RunAction)、PrimaryGeneratorActio
N (RunAction) and StepAction (RunAction) class.Define the visualization based on HepRep visualization engines simultaneously
Interface.
In StepAction classes, the functional procedure of giving out light of proton and electronics is with the addition of based on Birks formula.Specific algorithm
It is as follows：
1. judging whether there is energy deposition in the Step, if energy deposits, judgement is produced by what particle, due to
Neutron has been carried out in actually measuring, gamma is screened, so in calculation procedure, if the particle is photon, destroying should be with
Track process and close caused by its photon secondary reaction road.
2. if the particle types that energy caused by the Step deposits are protons
The resolution function of BC501A neutron pulses is as follows：
DL/L=[A2+ (B2/L)+(C2/L2)] 1/2
Above formula is neutron pulse amplitude resolution function.A items are that position of the light output for photomultiplier is related
, B items are statistic fluctuations, and C items are electronic system noises.Parameter can carry out optimized design.In scintillator and photoelectricity times
Particular light guide is coupled between increasing pipe, A items can be from (5% drops to 2%), and using the high photocathode of quantum effect, (B ≈ 8%) is low
Electronics noice (C ＜ 1%)
The proton energy of the step product is obtained by GetTotalEnergyDeposit () function, passed through
GetStepLength () function obtains the path length of the step particle, the luminous functions of the Birks obtained by Calibration Experiment, really
Number of photons caused by the fixed step.
Because actual luminous physical process has random distribution nature, for the actual luminescence process of more real simulation, it is necessary to
Add Gaussian Profile spreading process.Spread function is determined using experimental calibration method.The spread function for testing determination is updated to
Light output calculating process.Finally give Step processes fluorescence number as caused by proton.It is glimmering caused by proton in all Step
The summation of light number be the neutron event in as caused by recoil proton fluorescence number.
3. if it is determined that Step tracking particles are electronics
Because fluorescence number caused by electronics and electron energy are linear relationships, calibration results are tested according to gamma and existed
In EventAction classes：
ElectronCountPhoto=ElectronEnergyAbs*206.00152+35.66795；
It is the neutron to number of photons is summed as caused by proton and electronics in all Step by above three process
Number of photons summation caused by event.
The digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods of the present invention are not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, this area
Technical staff's technique according to the invention scheme draws other embodiments, also belongs to the technological innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods, comprise the following steps：
A, scale is tested by monoenergetic neutrons and obtains the receptance function that digitizes the monoenergetic neutrons of neutron spectrometer and can be put in experiment；
B, establish and solve equation module, solved using high order nonhomogeneous equation residual error least square method；
C, above-mentioned steps a and step b is combined, obtains the relevant parameter of the receptance function of neutron energy spectrum, i.e. luminosity, zero track
Position and per pass energy；
D, response matrix computing module is established；
E, the complete response matrix of neutron to be measured is obtained.
2. a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：In step a),
The monoenergetic neutrons is obtained by swindletron nuclear reaction method, and the energy point pulse amplitude spectrum of each monoenergetic neutrons need to expire
Sufficient detector response function, i.e. equation
<mrow>
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<mi>E</mi>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Ch</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
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<mi>d</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>B</mi>
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<mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
</mrow>
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<mi>d</mi>
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<mo>-</mo>
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</mrow>
Wherein：(4) in formula, Δ E is per pass energy；Ch0For zero track position；K and B is constant；DE/dx is that charged particle is dodging
The energy consumed on the unit path of bright medium；By the simultaneous equation group of more than three, each monoenergetic neutrons experimental point is obtained
Detector per pass energy Δ E, zero track position Ch0And luminosity kB.
3. a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：In stepb,
The high order nonhomogeneous equation residual error least square method solves, and attempts the minimum judgement of algorithm combination variance using multiple, finally obtains
Obtain three per pass energy immediate with all experimentss result, zero track position and luminosity parameters.
4. a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：In step d,
The response matrix computing module, has worked out main functions, defines initialization class and user behavior class, while defines visual
Change interface.
5. a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that：User's row
For in class, proton and electron luminescence function are provided with based on above-mentioned equation (4).
6. a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that：The response square
Battle array computing module computational methods are as follows：
1) judge whether there is energy deposition in minimum simulation material calculation Step, if energy deposits, what grain judgement is by
Son produces, if the particle is photon, destroys the tracking process and closes secondary reaction road caused by its photon.
If 2) particle types of energy deposition are protons caused by minimum simulation material calculation Step, addition experimental spectrum is carved
Obtained receptance function is spent,Obtained by GetTotalEnergyDeposit () function
Proton sedimentary energy, the path length of particle is obtained by GetStepLength () function, Birks is obtained by Calibration Experiment
Luminous function, determine number of photons caused by the step.
3) if it is determined that minimum simulation material calculation Step tracking particles are electronics, fluorescence number and electronics according to caused by electronics
Energy is linear relationship, and the number of photons as caused by proton and electronics in all minimum simulation material calculation Step is summed, is
Number of photons summation caused by the neutron event.
7. a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer response matrix acquisition methods as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that：In step 2)
In, Gaussian Profile spread function is added, the Gaussian Profile spread function is determined using experimental calibration method.
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