CN113667810B - Method for improving dimensional stability of steel cold-working die - Google Patents
Method for improving dimensional stability of steel cold-working die Download PDFInfo
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- CN113667810B CN113667810B CN202110947915.3A CN202110947915A CN113667810B CN 113667810 B CN113667810 B CN 113667810B CN 202110947915 A CN202110947915 A CN 202110947915A CN 113667810 B CN113667810 B CN 113667810B
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of steel cold-working dies, in particular to a method for improving the dimensional stability of a steel cold-working die. The method provided by the invention treats the cold-work die for a certain number of times by simulating the stress treatment condition of the service working condition of the die, promotes the decomposition of the residual austenite in the steel to be transformed into martensite, and greatly improves the dimensional stability of the die.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel cold-working dies, in particular to a method for improving the dimensional stability of a steel cold-working die.
Background
Cold work die steel is used to make dies that cold deform metals. Because the die can receive mechanical force effects such as tensile, compression, impact, fatigue, friction in the in-service process, because continuously receive from certain direction, the power impact of certain size, the cold-work die steel can appear leading to the condition that the die became invalid because of dimensional change usually. With the development of the technology, the precision requirement on the dimension of the cold-work die is higher and higher, but the problem of dimension change during service still exists.
The size change of the die in the using process is mainly caused by the fact that residual austenite in a microstructure of die steel is not completely removed, and the residual austenite causes martensite phase transformation of the microstructure in the service process, so that the macro size of a die material is changed. In general, the heat treatment process is mainly used in the art to remove retained austenite in the steel as much as possible. At present, the adopted heat treatment process mainly comprises deep cooling treatment and high-temperature tempering for 2 to 3 times; in some cases, it is even necessary to add a further dimensionally stabilizing heat treatment process after the last high temperature tempering in the heat treatment process. However, the above treatment process still does not completely solve the problem of dimensional changes of the mold during service. In order to solve the problem of size deformation of the die, a mode of replacing cold-work die steel with hard alloy can be adopted, and although the problem of size deformation of the die can be well solved by using the hard alloy, if the cold-work die steel is replaced with the hard alloy, the manufacturing cost is at least two times that of the die steel.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for improving the dimensional stability of a steel cold-working mold. By adopting the adaptive treatment process, the invention not only solves the problem of deformation of the steel cold-working die, but also does not need to greatly increase the equipment investment or the manufacturing cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for improving the dimensional stability of a cold-working die, which is used for carrying out adaptive treatment on a steel cold-working die after heat treatment;
the adaptive processing comprises the following steps:
under the action of working condition simulation force, enabling the steel cold-working die after heat treatment to work for at least 100 times; the working condition simulation force is not less than the force required by the die in service.
Preferably, the heat-treated steel cold-working die is installed on a material forming device matched with the heat-treated steel cold-working die, and the material to be processed is loaded for the adaptive treatment.
Preferably, the working condition simulation force is not more than 120% of the force required by the in-service die.
Preferably, the cold-working die comprises a plate-shaped blanking die, a punching die, a circular knife die-cutting die, a bending die, a trimming die, a cold heading die, a cold extrusion die, a punch die, a bending die, a wire drawing die or a scissors die.
Preferably, when the cold-working die is a plate-shaped blanking die, the force required by the die in service is 1-200 tons; when the cold-work die is a punching die, the force required by the die in service is 1-300 tons; when the cold-working die is a circular knife die-cutting die, the force required by the die in service is 2000-10000 kg; when the cold-working die is a bending die, the force required by the die in service is 0.5-100 tons.
Preferably, the kind of steel material for preparing the cold working die is carbon steel or alloy steel.
Preferably, when the content of the residual austenite in the steel for preparing the cold-work die is 5-10% before the adaptive treatment, the die works for 100-1000 times; when the content is 10-35%, the die works 1000-10000 times.
Preferably, the content of the retained austenite in the steel material for preparing the cold working die after the adaptive treatment is 1% to 3%.
Preferably, the heat treatment comprises heating, heat preservation, quenching, cryogenic treatment and more than one tempering treatment which are sequentially carried out.
Preferably, after the adaptive treatment is carried out on the cold-work die, the finish treatment is carried out on the cold-work die.
The invention provides a method for improving the dimensional stability of cold-work die steel, which is used for carrying out adaptive treatment on a steel cold-work die after heat treatment; the adaptive processing comprises the following steps: under the action of working condition simulation force, the heat-treated steel cold-working die works at least 100 times; the working condition simulation force is not less than the force required by the die in service. The method provided by the invention treats the cold-work die steel for a certain number of times by simulating the stress treatment condition of the service working condition of the die, promotes the decomposition of the residual austenite in the steel to be transformed into martensite, and greatly improves the dimensional stability of the die.
Detailed Description
A method for improving the dimensional stability of a steel cold-working die is characterized in that the steel cold-working die after heat treatment is subjected to adaptive treatment;
the adaptive processing comprises the following steps:
under the action of working condition simulation force, the heat-treated steel cold-working die works at least 100 times; the working condition simulation force is not less than the force required by the die in service.
In the invention, the working condition simulation force is not less than the force required by the service of the die. In the invention, the force required by the die in service is determined according to the set force during normal production, and the force required by the die in service is not lower than 90% and not higher than 120% of the set force; the setting force is calculated according to the thickness, the material and the like of the machined part, and the specific calculation method of the setting force has no special requirement and can be calculated by adopting a calculation method well known by the technical personnel in the field. Further, the working condition simulation force does not exceed 120% of the force required by the die in service. The invention can shorten the processing time and reduce the production period of the die by properly improving the magnitude of the working condition simulation force. However, excessively increasing the magnitude of the condition simulating force increases the load of the equipment and the economic burden of the enterprise.
In the present invention, the cold-working die preferably includes a plate-shaped die, a punching die, a circular knife die-cutting die, a trimming die, a cold heading die, a cold extrusion die, a punch die, a press bending die, a wire drawing die or a scissors die. In the present invention, there is no particular requirement for the source of the cold-work dies of the above-mentioned kind, all of which are well known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, a plate-like die, a punching die or a circular knife die is more preferable.
The invention preferably adjusts the minimum force required by the die in service according to the type of the die. In the invention, when the cold-working die is a plate-shaped blanking die, the force required by the die in service is preferably 1 to 200 tons, more preferably 1 to 100 tons, and even more preferably 1 to 60 tons; when the cold-work die is a punching die, the force required by the die in service is preferably 1 to 300 tons, more preferably 10 to 200 tons, and even more preferably 10 to 100 tons; when the cold-working die is a circular knife die-cutting die, the force required by the die in service is preferably 2000-10000 kg, more preferably 2000-8000 kg, and even more preferably 2000-5000 kg; when the cold work die is a bending die, the force required by the die in service is preferably 0.5 to 100 tons, more preferably 2 to 30 tons, and even more preferably 2 to 10 tons.
The invention carries out adaptive treatment after the heat treatment of the cold-work die. In the present invention, the heat treatment includes: and sequentially heating, insulating, quenching, subzero treatment and tempering the rough-machined steel cold-working die. In the invention, when the heat treatment is carried out on the steel cold-work die, the steel cold-work die is subjected to at least one size rough machining, and the shape and the size of the steel cold-work die are at least close to but not reach the standard of the die in later service, so that the steel cold-work die can be installed on material forming equipment matched with the steel cold-work die for use. The steel cold-work die is subjected to rough machining more than once before adaptive treatment, so that reasonable machining allowance is reserved after the adaptive treatment, the cold-work die is conveniently subjected to finish machining subsequently, and the dimensional precision of the die in service is ensured.
In the present invention, the kind of steel material for producing the cold working die is preferably carbon steel or alloy steel, the carbon steel is preferably T10, T11, T12, T10A, T a or T12A, more preferably T10A, and the alloy steel is preferably Cr8 series steel or Cr12 series steel, wherein the Cr8 series steel is preferably Cr8Mo2V1 or DC53, more preferably DC53, and the Cr12 series steel is preferably Cr12, cr12MoV, cr12Mo1V1, SKD11 or DC11, more preferably SKD11. In the present invention, the steel material for preparing the cold working mold is well known in the art, and may be purchased or manufactured by the user.
In the invention, the residual austenite content of the steel cold-work die after heat treatment is 5-35%.
The steel cold-working die works at least 100 times, preferably 100-10000 times, more preferably 200-1000 times, and even more preferably 600-1000 times under the action of the working condition simulation force. The working times are preferably adjusted according to the content of the retained austenite for preparing the steel cold-work die, and when the content of the retained austenite of the steel cold-work die after heat treatment is 5-10%, the die preferably works for 100-1000 times, more preferably 200-1000 times, and even more preferably 600-1000 times; when the content is 10% to 35%, the mold is preferably worked 1000 to 10000 times, more preferably 2000 to 10000 times, and still more preferably 6000 to 10000 times. In the invention, when the adaptive treatment is carried out, the treatment times are reasonably set according to the residual austenite content of the steel cold-working die after the heat treatment, the treatment efficiency can be effectively improved, and the management and production cost of enterprises can be saved.
In the present invention, after the adaptability treatment, the steel cold-work die has a retained austenite content of 1% to 3%, preferably 1% to 2%, more preferably 1%. In the invention, when the content of the retained austenite in the steel material of the cold work die after the adaptive treatment is the above content, the dimensional change rate of the cold work die in service can be greatly reduced.
The invention can decompose and transform the residual austenite for preparing the steel cold-work die into martensite by simulating the actual service working condition of the steel cold-work die and repeatedly applying force with certain magnitude and direction to the die, thereby improving the dimensional stability of the die. The invention preferably installs the heat-treated steel cold-working die on a material forming device matched with the heat-treated steel cold-working die, loads the material to be processed and carries out the adaptive treatment. The working condition simulation force, the working times and other parameters of the die in service are preferably set on a forming device matched with the die. In the invention, the material to be processed has the same property as the material processed when the cold working die is in service. Through the operation, the mold can be processed by fully utilizing the existing equipment of an enterprise, additional purchase of other equipment is not needed, and the economic burden of the enterprise is greatly reduced. And used equipment is the equipment of being in service in the mould later stage, sets up operating mode analog force when carrying out adaptability, can be more close the true operating mode when the mould is in service, improves the treatment effect to the mould.
Prior to the adaptive treatment, the present invention preferably heat-treats the rough-machined steel cold-work die, including: and sequentially heating, insulating, quenching, subzero treatment and tempering the rough-machined steel cold-working die.
After the adaptive treatment, the invention preferably further comprises the step of carrying out finish machining treatment on the steel cold-working die; the finishing treatment preferably comprises a grinding treatment. The invention has no special requirements on the finish machining mode so as to obtain the required size requirement of the serviceable cold-working device.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing a flat plate die from SKD11 steel, roughly machining to obtain a die with the size of 500.1mm 260.1mm 100.1mm, heating, preserving heat, quenching, carrying out deep cooling treatment and carrying out primary tempering treatment on the die to ensure that the content of retained austenite of the die steel is 5%, and then carrying out the following adaptive treatment: the die is arranged on a punch press matched with the die, a single sheet of metal plate to be processed is loaded, the mark is 08F, the thickness of the plate is 0.7mm, the punch press is started to carry out 1000 times of punching processes on the metal plate, the punching pressure is set to be 3 tons, and the frequency is set to be 3 times/min. In the stamping process, the metal plate does not need to be replaced. After the flat die had been subjected to the conforming treatment, the retained austenite amount of the die steel was 1%. And grinding and finishing to obtain the actual service die with the size of 500.0 mm-260.0 mm-100.0 mm.
During the actual service period of the die, a metal plate with the mark of 08F and the plate thickness of 0.7mm is processed, the stamping pressure is 3 tons, and the frequency is 3 times/min. After 10 ten thousand working times, the length dimension change rate is 0.01%.
Example 2
A circular knife die cutting die made of DC53 steel is roughly processed to obtain a circular knife die with the size of phi 100.2mm, and after the circular knife die is subjected to heating, heat preservation, quenching, deep cooling treatment and primary tempering treatment, the content of retained austenite of the die steel is 10%. The die is arranged on matched die cutting equipment, the thickness of the PVC film is 0.5mm, the rolling setting of the die is 2000 kg, the rotating speed is 10m/min, and the rotating frequency is 1000 times. After the adaptability treatment is carried out on the circular knife die-cutting die, the retained austenite amount of the die steel is 1%. And grinding and finishing to obtain the die with the dimension of phi 100.0mm, wherein the die is actually used in service. During the actual service period of the die, a PVC film with the thickness of 0.5mm is processed, the rolling setting of the die is 2000 kg, and the rotating speed is 10m/min. When the number of rotations was 100 ten thousand, the rate of change in the longitudinal length dimension was 0.01%.
Example 3
Taking a blanking die made of Cr12MoV steel as an example, a round hole with a working hole diameter of 49.95mm is obtained after rough machining, and after the round hole is subjected to heating, heat preservation, quenching, deep cooling and primary tempering, the content of retained austenite in the material is 13%. The die is arranged on a matched stamping device, a single sheet of metal plate to be processed is loaded, the mark is 20, the thickness of the plate is 2mm, a punch is started to perform 10000 times of stamping process on the metal plate, the stamping pressure is set to be 6 tons, and the frequency is set to be 10 times/min. After the blanking die is subjected to adaptive treatment, the residual austenite amount of the die steel is 1%, and a working hole with phi of 50.00mm is obtained after grinding. During the actual service period of the die, the stamping pressure is 6 tons, and the frequency is 10 times/min. 20 steel with the thickness of 2mm is processed, the stamping frequency is 30 ten thousand times, and the diameter change rate is 0.001 percent.
Example 4
Taking a bending die made of T10A steel as an example, a rectangular groove is obtained after rough machining, the width of the groove is 20.20mm, the depth of the groove is 15.20mm, and after the bending die is subjected to heating, heat preservation, quenching, deep cooling and primary tempering, the content of retained austenite in the material is 12%. The die is arranged on a matched stamping device, a single sheet of metal plate to be processed is loaded, the mark is 37 brass, the thickness of the plate is 2mm, a stamping machine is started to carry out 5000 stamping processes on the metal plate, the stamping pressure is set to be 4 tons, and the frequency is set to be 10 times/min. After the adaptive treatment is carried out on the bending die, the retained austenite amount of the die is 2%, and after grinding, the groove width of the bending die cavity is 20.00mm, and the depth is 15.00mm. During the actual service period of the die, the stamping pressure is 4 tons, the frequency is 10 times/min, 37 brass with the thickness of 2mm is processed, the stamping frequency is 50 ten thousand times, and the change rate of the width and the depth of the groove is 0.01 percent.
Comparative example 1
Preparing a flat plate die from SKD11 steel, roughly processing to obtain a die with the size of 500.1mm 260.1mm 100.1mm, heating, preserving heat, quenching, deeply cooling and tempering for one time, wherein the content of residual austenite of the die steel is 5%, and grinding and finishing to obtain the die with the size of 500.0mm 260.0mm 100.0mm. During the actual service period of the die, a metal plate with the mark of 08F and the plate thickness of 0.7mm is processed, the stamping pressure is 3 tons, and the frequency is 3 times/min. After 2000 times of work, the length size change rate is 0.12%.
Comparative example 2
After the circular knife die-cutting die made of DC53 steel is subjected to heating, heat preservation, quenching, cryogenic treatment and primary tempering treatment, the content of residual austenite of the die steel is 10%, and the die with the size of phi 100.0mm is obtained after grinding and finishing treatment. During the actual service period of the die, a PVC film with the thickness of 0.5mm is processed, the rolling pressure of the die is set to 2000 kg, the rotating speed is 10m/min, and when the rotating frequency is 10 ten thousand, the length dimension change rate is 0.15%.
Comparative example 3
Taking a blanking die made of Cr12MoV steel as an example, a round hole with a working hole diameter of 49.95mm is obtained after rough machining, and after the round hole is subjected to heating, heat preservation, quenching, deep cooling and primary tempering, the content of retained austenite in the material is 7%. After the die is ground, a working hole with the diameter of 50.00mm is obtained. During the actual service period of the die, 20 steel with the thickness of 2mm is processed, the stamping pressure is 6 tons, the frequency is 10 times/min, and when the stamping times are 1 ten thousand, the diameter change rate of the die is 0.15%.
Comparative example 4
Taking a bending die made of T10A steel as an example, a rectangular groove is obtained after rough machining, the width of the groove is 20.20mm, the depth of the groove is 15.20mm, and after heating, heat preservation, quenching, deep cooling treatment and primary tempering treatment are carried out on the rectangular groove, the content of retained austenite of the material is 12%. After grinding, the width of the groove of the bending die cavity is 20.00mm, and the depth is 15.00mm. During the actual service period of the die, 37 brass with the thickness of 2mm is processed, the stamping pressure is 4 tons, the frequency is 10 times/min, the stamping times are 10 ten thousand times, and the change rate of the width and the depth of the groove exceeds 1.0 percent.
According to the data of the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, the content of the retained austenite in the die steel is favorably reduced after the die is subjected to the adaptive treatment, and the dimensional stability of the die in service is greatly improved. In addition, the pretreatment can be directly carried out by using the existing forming equipment, so that the operation is simple, the additional equipment investment is not required to be increased, and the better economic benefit is achieved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the dimensional stability of a steel cold-working die is characterized in that the steel cold-working die after heat treatment is subjected to adaptive treatment;
the adaptive processing is as follows:
mounting the steel cold-working die after heat treatment on material forming equipment matched with the steel cold-working die, loading a material to be processed, and carrying out adaptive treatment;
under the action of working condition simulation force, the heat-treated steel cold-working die works at least 100 times; the working condition simulation force is not less than the force required by the die in service;
the working condition simulation force is not more than 120% of the force required by the die in service.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold work die comprises a plate-shaped blank die, a punch die, a circular knife die cutting die, a bending die, a trimming die, a cold heading die, a cold extrusion die, a punch die, a press bending die, a wire drawing die, or a scissors die.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein when the cold-working die is a plate-shaped blanking die, the force required by the die in service is 1-200 tons;
when the cold-work die is a punching die, the force required by the die in service is 1-300 tons;
when the cold-working die is a circular knife die-cutting die, the force required by the die in service is 2000-10000 kg;
when the cold-working die is a bending die, the force required by the die in service is 0.5-100 tons.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the steel material from which the cold work die is made is carbon steel or alloy steel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the residual austenite content of the heat-treated steel cold work die is 5% to 35%.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein when the residual austenite content of the heat-treated steel cold-work die is 5-10%, the die works 100-1000 times;
when the content of the retained austenite is 10-35%, the die works 1000-10000 times.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein after the adapting, the steel cold work die has a retained austenite content of 1% to 3%.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the adaptive processing: and carrying out finish machining treatment on the steel cold-working die subjected to the adaptive treatment.
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| WO2006045461A1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-05-04 | Schaeffler Kg | Mechanically-stressed actuator or bearing component made from mechanically-hardened steel |
| US20190300977A1 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-03 | Marc Aaron Tima | Method of steel processing combining thermal and mechanical surface treatment to control metallurgical phase and mechanical response |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2835057B2 (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1998-12-14 | 日本発条株式会社 | Spring steel and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006045461A1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-05-04 | Schaeffler Kg | Mechanically-stressed actuator or bearing component made from mechanically-hardened steel |
| US20190300977A1 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-03 | Marc Aaron Tima | Method of steel processing combining thermal and mechanical surface treatment to control metallurgical phase and mechanical response |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 金属材料深冷处理技术研究进展;李佐政等;《热加工工艺》;20190525;第48卷(第10期);第42-46页 * |
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Effective date of registration: 20230727 Address after: 214000 wind energy Road 69, Chang'an Street, Huishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Wuxi Zhongying Beijing Great Automotive Components Co.,Ltd. Address before: 212013 No. 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee before: JIANGSU University |