CN102485369B - Machining method ensuring precision of stamping parts - Google Patents

Machining method ensuring precision of stamping parts Download PDF

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CN102485369B
CN102485369B CN201010570287.3A CN201010570287A CN102485369B CN 102485369 B CN102485369 B CN 102485369B CN 201010570287 A CN201010570287 A CN 201010570287A CN 102485369 B CN102485369 B CN 102485369B
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stamping parts
punching press
stamping
billot
stiffening ring
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CN102485369A (en
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孙昌清
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Abstract

The invention relates to a machining method ensuring precision of stamping parts. The method comprises the following steps of S0 preparing stamping strip materials (2) and a stamping device for stamping the stamping strip materials (2); S1, stamping the stamping strip materials (2) with the stamping device, cutting the stamping strip materials (2) into stamping parts (4) with equivalent shapes and sizes with the required product parts and process excessive materials (3) as waste materials, wherein the edges of the stamping parts (4) are connected with the process excessive materials (3) through annular rigid rings (5) instead of cutting off; S2, carrying out heat treating on the connected stamping parts (4) and the process excessive materials (3) through the rigid rings (5); and S3, excising the annular rigid rings (5) to separate the stamping parts (4) with the process excessive materials (3). Before the heat treatment, the stamping parts are not cut off with the process excessive materials but are connected with the process excessive materials through the rigid rings, so that in the heat treatment process, the deformation of the stamping parts is limited, the deformation is reduced, and the precision of the final product parts is effectively ensured.

Description

Guarantee the processing method of precision of stamping parts
Technical field
The present invention relates to processing method for stamping, more particularly, relate to a kind of processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts.
Background technology
Punching press is a kind of conventional processing technology in the processing of metal flitch, relies on punch press (or forcing press) and mould to apply external force to tabular billot, makes billot produce plastic deformation or separation, thereby obtains the stamping parts of required form and size.Punching press comprises two kinds of distortion operation and separation circuits, and separation circuit also claims stamping-out, its objective is that to make stamping parts separated from billot along certain outline line, guarantees the quality requirement of separated section simultaneously; The object of forming process is to make billot, under the condition of not breaking base, plastic deformation occur, and makes the blank of required form and size, and blank, through operations such as follow-up grinding, polishings, is made the stamping parts of final finished.
For the stamping parts that lives through the generation of distortion operation, due in forming parts process, the inhomogeneities of billot distortion, leaves larger residual stress to stamping parts.The stamping parts producing after separation circuit, because it is subject to the just separation from flitch of very large shear stress, also leaves larger residual stress on stamping parts.And take the stamping parts of blanking, it is example, an edge of the punch end face of its contact diel is extended with burr (being commonly called as burr face) to the direction contrary with the punch direction of motion, stamping parts subsides and forms the angle (being commonly called as the edged surface that collapses) of collapsing to punch towards an edge of die, conventionally the hardness of part, burr face place is twice than the hardness of the part, edged surface place of collapsing, and it is disadvantageous to the overall performance of stamping parts that such hardness distributes.
When stamping parts also needs to heat-treat such as carburizing, quenching etc., there is stress distribution and the inhomogeneous defect of distortion in the workpiece after residual stress will cause processing, and the also further problem of enlargement deformation inequality of the thermal stress forming in heat treatment process.This stress distribution is uneven and distortion is inhomogeneous, can cause the geometric accuracy of stamping parts, the service precision requirement that positional precision is significantly less than part, when serious, may cause stamping parts to be scrapped in batches.This defect is that the process characteristic by punch process operation itself determines.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, the stamping parts obtaining for the above-mentioned punch process of prior art, after heat treatment, be out of shape inhomogeneous and cause the defect that product parts does not meet required precision, provide a kind of punch machining process is improved, make stamping parts after heat treatment be out of shape evenly, guarantee the processing method of precision of stamping parts.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts is provided, and in order to punching press billot is obtained to product parts by Sheet Metal Forming Technology, described processing method comprises the following steps:
S0, the pressing equipment of preparing punching press billot and described punching press billot being carried out to punching press;
S1, utilize the pressing equipment press strip material that liquidates to carry out punching press, described punching press billot is divided into the stamping parts suitable with required product part shape, size and finally as the technique clout of waste material, between described stamping parts edge and described technique clout, by annular stiffening ring, is connected and not cut-out;
S2, the stamping parts connecting by stiffening ring and technique clout are heat-treated in the lump;
S3, excision stiffening ring, stamping parts is separated with technique clout.
In the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts of the present invention, S4 in steps also after described step S3:
S4, by the edge cutting of stamping parts or grinding, make the product parts of finished product.
In the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts of the present invention, described product parts is ring-shaped work pieces or cheese part.
In the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts of the present invention, described pressing equipment comprises punch press and is contained in the mould on described punch press.
In the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts of the present invention, the heat treatment in described step S2 is that artificial aging is processed.
In the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts of the present invention, the heat treatment in described step S2 also comprises one or more in annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering, cold treatment, surface hardening by flame heating, induced surface hardening, carburizing, carbo-nitriding.
In the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts of the present invention, in described step S1, described stamping parts is stamped on described punching press billot and the distance of axial displacement is not less than the thickness of described punching press billot.
In the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts of the present invention, the axial width of the stiffening ring between described technique clout and stamping parts is greater than 0.10mm, and the empirical equation of the radial thickness of design stiffening ring is t>=δ>=6300CD/Vt σ b, wherein t is the thickness of punching press billot, unit is mm; δ is the radial thickness of stiffening ring, and unit is mm; C is the form factor of stiffening ring, the inner diameter that D is stiffening ring, and unit is mm, V is the Brinell hardness before the punching press of punching press billot, σ bfor the tension limit of punching press billot, unit is MPa.
In the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts of the present invention, when stiffening ring is circular rings, form factor C is 1.0; When stiffening ring is positive n limit shape, form factor C is 1+1/n; When stiffening ring is other shapes, form factor C is 1.5.
Implement the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect: before heat treatment, stamping parts does not cut off with technique clout but is connected by stiffening ring, thereby make the restricted minimizing distortion of the distortion of stamping parts in heat treatment process, effectively guarantee the precision of final stamping parts.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is while manufacturing cheese part, the schematic flow sheet of guaranteeing the processing method of precision of stamping parts of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a is the structural representation that adopts the cheese part that shown in Fig. 1, method makes;
Fig. 2 b is the overall structure figure while passing through step S1 in the process of cheese part shown in shop drawings 2a;
Fig. 2 c is the enlarged drawing of the local A of Fig. 2 b;
Fig. 3 is while manufacturing ring-shaped work pieces, the schematic flow sheet of guaranteeing the processing method of precision of stamping parts of the present invention;
Fig. 4 a is the structural representation that adopts the first ring-shaped work pieces that shown in Fig. 3, method makes;
Fig. 4 b is the overall structure figure while passing through step S1 in the process of the first ring-shaped work pieces shown in shop drawings 4a;
Fig. 4 c is the enlarged drawing of the local B of Fig. 2 b;
Fig. 5 a is the structural representation that adopts the second ring-shaped work pieces that shown in Fig. 3, method makes;
Fig. 5 b is the overall structure figure while passing through step S1 in the process of the second ring-shaped work pieces shown in shop drawings 5a;
Fig. 5 c is the enlarged drawing of the Local C of Fig. 3 b.
The name that in accompanying drawing, each label is corresponding is called:
1 punch, 17 top boards, 2 punching press billots, 3 technique clouts, 4 stamping parts, 5 stiffening rings, 6 waste materials, 7 dies, 8 piercing punches, 78 punch-dies, 100 cheese parts, 200 first ring-shaped work pieces, 300 second ring-shaped work pieces.
The specific embodiment
Distortion operation in conventional Sheet Metal Forming Technology is the bulk forming of punching press billot normally, and separation circuit is divided into three kinds, and a kind of is punching, and another kind is blanking, and punching, blanking is compound.
For cheese part, along thickness of slab direction, there is no through hole, only there is the part of external periphery outline, only need to determine the outward flange identical with part from punching press billot upper punch can obtain part, generally adopts blanking operation.
For ring-shaped work pieces, along thickness of slab direction, be provided with through hole thereby there is outward flange and the part of through hole inward flange simultaneously, need on punching press billot, cut out inside and outside edge simultaneously, therefore conventionally adopt punching, blanking compound working procedure.
A current procedure cuts out and in the external periphery outline ,Ze Zhe road stamping procedure of ring-shaped work pieces, only need cut out in the situation that inward flange can obtain ring-shaped work pieces from punching press billot, and what adopted is punching operation.
Punching press billot hereinafter described, refer to the billot using on Zhe road stamping procedure soon, its tabular billot that before can being, process not be processed, also can be through last procedure, the plane that is shaped to definite shape structure or on-plane surface billot, for example punching press billot below can be that stamping-out goes out the billot of ring-shaped work pieces outline, in Zhe road stamping procedure, carry out punching, or, punching press billot below can be in last procedure, to have passed through the cylindrical work pieces of pull and stretch, etc.
In order reducing, even to avoid previously described residual stress, to be out of shape uneven problem, the present invention improves traditional Sheet Metal Forming Technology, proposing a kind of processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts, is below that cheese part and two kinds of situation time-division another matters of ring-shaped work pieces are stated with regard to the product parts of manufacturing.
1) manufacture cheese part
As shown in Figure 1, it comprises the following steps its schematic flow sheet, and step sequencing is as shown in arrow points in figure:
Step S0, the pressing equipment of preparing punching press billot 2 and described punching press billot 2 being carried out to punching press, pressing equipment comprises punch press and single die tool, Fig. 1 only shows the punch 1 on single die tool, top board 17 and the die 7 that punching press billot 2 is clamped; The external periphery outline of the contour shape of punch 1 and cheese part is suitable.
Step S1, punch press action, drive punch 1 to move downward, and the direction of motion of punch 1 is defined as axially.
Punch 1 continues to move axially, force faced punching press billot partial cut distortion and move with punch 1, until this punching press billot part moves to integral body, leave punching press billot other parts, i.e. the distance of its axial displacement is more than or equal to the thickness of punching press billot 2.
Now, and there is obvious boundary between the punching press billot that punch 1 end face faces part and the punching press billot of punch outside, thereby punching press billot 2 is divided into the stamping parts 4 identical with cheese part shape and using technique clout 3 two parts as waste material, and between the two, be not completely severed, but by annular stiffening ring 5, connect on the shear surface of the two.
After step S2, above-mentioned punching press have been moved, the stamping parts connecting by stiffening ring 54 and technique clout 3 are heat-treated in the lump;
Heat treatment mainly contains two kinds of situations, a kind of is because product parts need to have the heat treatment that certain performance is carried out, for example product parts surface requirements is wear-resisting, therefore above-mentioned stamping parts 4 and technique clout 3 integral body are carried out to case-carbonizing processing, other similar heat treatments also comprise one or more in annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering, cold treatment, surface hardening by flame heating, induced surface hardening, carbo-nitriding; Another kind is that for example artificial aging is processed due to the heat treatment of carrying out in order to eliminate residual stress that punching press causes, and conventional artificial aging is treated to stress relief annealing and oscillating aging.
For above-mentioned two situations, use step S2 of the present invention, all will be conducive to reduce the distortion of stamping parts 4, improve its finished product accuracy.This be because, in traditional handicraft, stamping parts 4 is separated with the punching press billot of other parts after being stamped, independent stamping parts 4 is directly heat-treated, because shearing the inhomogeneous inequality of being out of shape after heat treatment of all directly causing of thermal stress in the even heating of unbalanced stress cause, cooling procedure, affect the precision of final products part.
And adopt method of the present invention, stamping parts 4 is connected by stiffening ring 5 with the edge of technique clout 3, during heat treatment, the two is all heated and has the tendency of distortion, and the connection of stiffening ring 5 makes the distortion of the two be subject to pining down and containing each other, thereby greatly reduce deflection, guarantee the forming accuracy of stamping parts 4; On the other hand, after Overheating Treatment, the residual stress of stamping parts and thermal stress have obtained abundant release, and the shape of stamping parts and precision have obtained good maintenance.
After step S3, heat treatment, excise annular stiffening ring 5, stamping parts 4 is separated with technique clout 3;
Step S4, by edge cutting (cutting) or the grinding of stamping parts 4, make the cheese part of finished product.
Before above step S0, need to set the technological parameter of stiffening ring 5 according to product parts designing mould simultaneously, comprise its width and radial thickness vertically.
For stiffening ring 5 vertically width---the axial total displacement of the punching press billot part being also rushed out deducts the distance that punching press billot 2 thickness obtain---its size is mainly limited by the size of the form and position tolerance of stamping parts, be inversely proportional to form and position tolerance but be at least greater than 0.10mm, axial width value is also relevant with the method that process allowance after stamping parts heat treatment is removed.
And condition of heat treatment (hardness V), mechanical performance (the tension limit σ of the radial thickness of stiffening ring 5 (or being called stiffening ring wall thickness δ) and punching press billot b), the shape (circular or square) of thickness (t) and stiffening ring and girth (L) big or small relevant.The maximum of δ is determined by empirical equation 1-1:
t≥δ≥6300CD/Vtσ b 1-1
In formula:
T---the thickness of punching press billot, unit is mm
δ---stiffening ring radial thickness, unit is mm
The form factor of C---stiffening ring (circle is 1.0, and just many n limit shape is 1+1/n, and other is shaped as 1.5)
The inner diameter of D---stiffening ring (or equivalent diameter, inwall girth is divided by the value of pi), unit is mm
V---Bu Shi (HB) hardness number before the punching press of punching press billot
σ b---the tension limit of punching press billot, unit is MPa
As shown in Figure 2 a, its outline is circular gear ring to the cheese part 100 making according to above method, and gear ring reference diameter is 200mm.Fig. 2 b, 2c are the stamping parts 4 suitable with the cheese part 100 shapes structure chart when the technique clout 3 being cut off is connected by stiffening ring 5, and the punching press billot adopting is 45 steel of spheroidizing state, hardness HB160, tension limit σ b=600MPa, thickness of slab is 7mm, and the form factor C of the stiffening ring 5 of design is 1.0, and its axial width is 0.5mm, and radial thickness is 2.00mm.
2) manufacture ring-shaped work pieces
Adopt the process chart of processing method manufacture ring-shaped work pieces of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, each step is successively as shown in arrow points in figure, wherein:
Step S0, the pressing equipment of preparing punching press billot 2 and described punching press billot 2 being carried out to punching press, because the product parts that will manufacture is ring-shaped work pieces, need to cut the inside and outside edge contour of ring-shaped work pieces simultaneously, the pressing equipment here also comprises composite die except punch press, and Fig. 3 only shows punch-die 78, die 7, the piercing punch 8 on composite die;
Step S1, punching press billot 2 are placed on die 7, and the punch-die 78 with centre bore moves down, until contact punching press billot 2.Punch-die 1 has the contour shape identical with ring-shaped work pieces, and the cross sectional shape of its centre bore is identical with the cross sectional shape of piercing punch 7.Equally, the direction of displacement of punch-die 78 is defined as axially.
Punch-die 78 continues to move down, and forces faced punching press billot partial cut distortion and moves down with punch-die 78, and the corresponding punching press billot of its centre bore part is subject to the die-cut of piercing punch 8.
Punch-die 78 moves axially, until thereby outside punching press billot and the punch-die 78 end faces institute beyond its external periphery outline forms waste material 6 over against the annular billot local detachment of answering, and the corresponding annular billot Local Phase of punch-die 78 is more than or equal to the thickness of punching press billot 2 for the distance of the piercing punch 8 downward axial displacement in corresponding billot part.
Now, punch-die 78 end face corresponding billot parts and the corresponding billot of piercing punch 8 end face of annular are local, between the two, there is obvious boundary, form respectively stamping parts 4 that will looping part and will become the technique clout 3 of waste material, although the two is divided into two parts, but between the two, do not disconnect completely, the stiffening ring 5 forming by the section part plastic deformation being sheared equally connects.
Equally, by the above-mentioned technique clout 3 connecting by stiffening ring 5 with stamping parts 4 is heat-treated, cutting and separating and later stage fine finishining, its step S2, S3, the S4 corresponding steps during with above-mentioned manufacture cheese part is identical.The design parameter of stiffening ring 5 also as previously mentioned.
Also it should be noted that, when the external periphery outline of ring-shaped work pieces in last procedure punching molding, entering while only needing punching can obtain annular stamping parts or stamping parts in this road stamping procedure external periphery outline is not required, identical with shown in Fig. 1 of its process chart, just in this case, what the label 3 in Fig. 1 referred to is to become the stamping parts of ring-shaped work pieces, and label 4 refers to, is using the technique clout as waste material.
Adopt the first ring-shaped work pieces, the second ring-shaped work pieces that above method makes to distinguish as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5.
Wherein, shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b and 4c, be to there is the first ring-shaped work pieces 200 of ring gear and structural representation and the partial enlarged drawing in manufacture process thereof, ring gear reference diameter 200mm.The punching press billot 2 adopting is 45 steel of spheroidizing state, and hardness is HB160, tension limit σ b=600MPa, its thickness is also that the thickness of stamping parts 4 and technique clout 3 is 7mm, and the axial width of stiffening ring 5 is 0.5mm, and radial thickness perpendicular to axial direction is 2.00mm.
Shown in Fig. 5 a, 5b and 5c is to have the second ring-shaped work pieces 300 of external toothing and structural representation and the partial enlarged drawing in manufacture process thereof, external toothing reference diameter 202mm, and internal diameter 158mm, can adopt above-mentioned processing method manufacture equally.It is identical that the punching press billot 2 adopting is used with the first ring-shaped work pieces 200, and the stiffening ring 5 of the size of stiffening ring 5 and the first ring-shaped work pieces 200 is basic identical.
The product parts of above-mentioned Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, if adopt conventional punching press separating technology, its precision can only reach circularity 0.50mm, flatness 0.75mm left and right; And adopting processing method of the present invention to manufacture these product parts, precision can reach circularity 0.20mm, flatness 0.40mm.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiment; the above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematic; rather than restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not departing from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. guarantee a processing method for precision of stamping parts, in order to punching press billot (2) is obtained to product parts by Sheet Metal Forming Technology, it is characterized in that, described processing method comprises the following steps:
S0, the pressing equipment of preparing punching press billot (2) and described punching press billot (2) being carried out to punching press;
S1, utilize the pressing equipment press strip material (2) that liquidates to carry out punching press, described punching press billot (2) is divided into and required product part shape, the stamping parts that size is suitable (4) and the final technique clout (3) as waste material, described stamping parts (4) is stamped on described punching press billot (2) and the distance of axial displacement is not less than the thickness of described punching press billot (2), stiffening ring (5) by the formed annular of shear surface place plastic deformation between described stamping parts (4) and described technique clout (3) between described stamping parts (4) edge and described technique clout (3) is connected and does not disconnect, and the axial width of described stiffening ring (5) is greater than 0.10mm, wherein, described axial width is that the axial total displacement of the punching press billot part that is rushed out deducts the distance that the thickness of described punching press billot (2) obtains,
S2, stamping parts (4) and the technique clout (3) that will connect by stiffening ring (5) are heat-treated in the lump;
S3, excision stiffening ring (5), stamping parts (4) is separated with technique clout (3).
2. the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after described step S3, and S4 in steps also:
S4, by the edge cutting of stamping parts (4) or grinding, make the product parts of finished product.
3. the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described product parts is ring-shaped work pieces or cheese part.
4. the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pressing equipment comprises punch press and is contained in the mould on described punch press.
5. the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the heat treatment in described step S2 is that artificial aging is processed.
6. the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the heat treatment in described step S2 also comprises one or more in annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering, surface hardening by flame heating, induced surface hardening, carburizing, carbo-nitriding.
7. the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the empirical equation that designs the radial thickness of described stiffening ring (5) is t>=δ>=6300CD/Vt σ b, wherein t is the thickness of punching press billot, unit is mm; δ is the radial thickness of stiffening ring, and unit is mm; C is the form factor of stiffening ring, the inner diameter that D is stiffening ring, and unit is mm, V is the Brinell hardness before the punching press of punching press billot, σ bfor the tension limit of punching press billot, unit is MPa.
8. the processing method of guaranteeing precision of stamping parts according to claim 7, is characterized in that, when stiffening ring is circular rings, form factor C is 1.0; When stiffening ring is positive n limit shape, form factor C is 1+1/n; When stiffening ring is other shapes, form factor C is 1.5.
CN201010570287.3A 2010-12-02 2010-12-02 Machining method ensuring precision of stamping parts Expired - Fee Related CN102485369B (en)

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CN103233106B (en) * 2012-11-02 2014-08-06 重庆长风机器有限责任公司 Steel heat treatment deformation treatment method
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