CN113666645A - 一种具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃 - Google Patents
一种具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,包括外层玻璃和内层玻璃,所述外层玻璃和内层玻璃之间设有真空层,所述外层玻璃的外表面设有微波频率选择表面结构阵列,所述外层玻璃的内表面设有微波共振吸收结构阵列,所述内层玻璃的内表面设有电磁反射膜。本发明视窗玻璃集透明支撑结构与兼容隐身功能于一体,可以基于本身实现宽谱高效的吸收微波和低红外发射率,微波的吸收范围可以覆盖5‑20GHz,吸收效率大于0.9。玻璃表面红外发射率低可至0.23,可以显著降低目标的热辐射量,从而降低被探测的概率。另外本发明的视窗玻璃的可见光透过率在60%以上。同时基于结构中的真空间隔层,本发明的视窗玻璃具有隔音降噪和隔热能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于吸波材料领域,涉及一种具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃。
背景技术
当今战场上,随着探测手段的多样化和智能化,对武器装备的战前生存能力提出了严峻考验。多波段联合探测已经成为现代化军事侦察手段发展的必然趋势,其中红外和雷达两种探测手段是目前最主要的两种目标侦察技术。因此,开发能够兼具雷达隐身能力和红外隐身能力的材料将更符合实际需求,最终提高军事目标在多种探测手段联合运用时的伪装能力和生存能力。
现有技术中大多是运用复合涂料来实现兼容隐身,复合涂料存在微波吸收频带窄带宽、吸波效能低的问题,同时在红外隐身效能上还有待提升。而且,现有复合涂料都是非透明的,无法涂覆在视窗之上。
另外,中国专利CN112622391A公开了一种光学透明超宽带雷达与红外双隐身结构,为了实现可见光高透过率,整体结构设计选用光学透明材料透明导电薄膜和透明电介质。该结构自下而上依次设置背板、第一中间介质层、第一频率选择表面层、第二中间介质层和第二频率选择表面层,其中,第一中间介质层和第二中间介质层为高透光的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。隐身结构主要包括由第二频率选择表面层构成的低发射率红外隐身层和由第二频率选择表面层构成的超宽带雷达吸波层。但是这种结构红外隐身和雷达隐身能力还存在不足,无法满足更高要求或其他的应用场景,也无法实现隔音隔热的功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述问题,提供一种具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,具备雷达和红外兼容隐身功能,同时兼具隔音隔热能力。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,包括外层玻璃和内层玻璃,所述外层玻璃和内层玻璃之间设有真空层,所述外层玻璃的外表面设有微波频率选择表面结构阵列,所述外层玻璃的内表面设有微波共振吸收结构阵列,所述内层玻璃的内表面设有电磁反射膜。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述微波频率选择表面结构阵列是由第一透明导电薄膜材料沉积在所述外层玻璃外表面形成的图形结构阵列。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述透明导电薄膜材料为氧化铟锡或氧化锌铝,其方阻值为8-15Ω/sq,红外发射率小于0.25。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述微波共振吸收结构阵列是由第二透明导电薄膜材料沉积在所述外层玻璃内表面形成的周期性图案结构,所述周期性图案结构在微波波段产生电磁共振吸收,吸收5-20GHZ的微波。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述第二透明导电薄膜材料为氧化铟锡或氧化锌铝或石墨烯或银纳米线,其方阻值为20-26Ω/sq。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述电磁反射膜为覆盖沉积在所述内层玻璃内表面上的第三透明导电薄膜,用于反射微波与红外辐射。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述第三透明导电薄膜材料为氧化铟锡或氧化锌铝或石墨烯或银纳米线,其方阻值为8-15Ω/sq。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述外层玻璃和内层玻璃为可见光高透过率的石英玻璃、有机玻璃、聚乙烯、聚丙烯中的任意一种,介电常数为2.45-3.8。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃的可见光透过率高于60%。
本发明视窗玻璃集透明支撑结构与兼容隐身功能于一体,可以基于本身实现宽谱高效的吸收微波和低红外发射率,微波的吸收范围可以覆盖5-20GHz,吸收效率大于0.9。玻璃表面红外发射率低可至0.23,可以显著降低目标的热辐射量,从而降低被探测的概率。另外本发明的视窗玻璃的可见光透过率在60%以上。
本发明的视窗玻璃的电磁反射膜可以高效反射红外辐射,该视窗结构中的真空层或空气层可以降低热传递,阻止内外热交换,起到一定隔热作用。
本发明的视窗玻璃的视窗结构中的介质/真空层或空气层/介质层能够有效的隔绝声波的传播,实现隔音降噪。
本发明视窗玻璃外层玻璃可以实现外界雷达波的高效吸收,内层玻璃可以有效衰减或反射座舱内部电子元器件的电磁波辐射,进而最大程度实现雷达隐身。
附图说明
图1示意性表示根据本发明的视窗玻璃的结构示图;
图2示意性表示根据本发明实施例1的微波频率选择表面结构阵列的示图;
图3示意性表示根据本发明实施例1的微波共振吸收结构阵列的示图;
图4示意性表示根据本发明实施例2的微波频率选择表面结构阵列的示图;
图5示意性表示根据本发明实施例2的微波共振吸收结构阵列的示图;
图6表示实施例1的视窗玻璃的光学透过率示图;
图7表示实施例1中透明导电薄膜材料的红外性能示图;
图8表示实施例1的视窗玻璃可见光照片图和红外隐身效能图;
图9表示实施例1的是窗玻璃的TE模式下,多角度入射的微波吸收测量结果图;
图10表示实施例1的视窗玻璃的TM模式下,多角度入射的微波吸收测量结果图;
图11表示实施例1的视窗玻璃隔热性能仿真结果;
图12表示实施例1的视窗玻璃隔声性能测试结果;
图13表示实施例2的视窗玻璃的TE模式下,多角度入射的微波吸收结果图;
图14表示实施例2的视窗玻璃的TM模式下,多角度入射的微波吸收结果图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施方式中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细地描述,实施方式不能在此一一赘述,但本发明的实施方式并不因此限定于以下实施方式。
如图1所示,本发明提供一种具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,外层玻璃1和内层玻璃2,外层玻璃1和内层玻璃2之间设有真空层3,外层玻璃1的外表面设有微波频率选择表面结构阵列11,外层玻璃1的内表面设有微波共振吸收结构阵列12,内层玻璃2的内表面设有电磁反射膜13。
在本发明中,微波频率选择表面结构阵列11是由第一透明导电薄膜材料沉积在外层玻璃1外表面形成的图形结构阵列,图形结构为特定形状的周期阵列,形状可以为方形、圆形、矩形等规则或非规则结构,该结构阵列对微波具有选择透过性,能够使5-20GHz频段具有高透过率。根据本发明的一种实施方式,图形结构阵列的周期为0.5mm,图形结构为正方形。其中第一透明导电薄膜材料为氧化铟锡或氧化锌铝,其方阻值为8-15Ω/sq,厚度为200-250nm,该参数的导电膜具有较高的电导率,从而保证视窗表面的红外发射率小于0.25。
本发明的微波共振吸收结构阵列12是由第二透明导电薄膜材料沉积在外层玻璃1内表面形成的周期性图案结构,周期性图案可以为方形、矩形、开环等规则或非规则结构,所述周期性结构能够将电磁波局域在所述导电周期结构中,产生共振吸收5-20GHZ的微波。第二透明导电薄膜材料为氧化铟锡或氧化锌铝,其方阻值为20-26Ω/sq,厚度为150-200nm,该参数的方阻值导电膜结合设计的微波谐振吸收结构,能够实现宽谱微波吸收。
本发明的电磁反射膜13为覆盖沉积在内层玻璃2内表面上的完整的第三透明导电薄膜,用于反射微波与红外辐射。第三透明导电薄膜材料为氧化铟锡或氧化锌铝,其方阻值为8-15Ω/sq,厚度为200-250nm,该参数值的导电膜可以高效的反射微波,提升微波谐振结构耗散微波的能力。
本发明的视窗玻璃,外层玻璃1和内层玻璃2为可见光高透过率的石英玻璃、有机玻璃、聚乙烯、聚丙烯中的任意一种,介电常数为2.45-3.8。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,其中外层玻璃1的厚度为2.6-3mm,介电常数为2.45-3.8。真空层3的厚度为2.2-2.6mm。
本发明视窗玻璃集透明支撑结构与兼容隐身功能于一体,可以基于本身实现宽谱高效的吸收微波和低红外发射率,微波的吸收范围可以覆盖5-20GHz,吸收效率大于0.9。玻璃表面红外发射率低可至0.23,可以显著降目标的热辐射量,从而降低被探测的概率。另外本发明的视窗玻璃的可见光透过率在60%以上。
本发明的视窗玻璃的电磁反射膜13可以高效反射红外辐射,该视窗结构中的真空层3可以降低热传递,这样可以阻止视窗内外的热交换,起到一定隔热作用。同时,在有真空层时,能有效降低内部热量传导到视窗玻璃表面,进一步降低视窗表面温度。
本发明的视窗玻璃结构中的真空层可以实现隔音降噪功能。
本发明视窗玻璃外层玻璃1可以实现外界雷达波的高效吸收,内层玻璃2可以有效衰减或反射座舱内部电子元器件的电磁波辐射,进而最大程度实现雷达隐身。
以下给出两个实施例对本发明的视窗玻璃进行详细说明。
实施例1
结合图1所示,本实施方式中的外层玻璃1和内层玻璃2采用石英玻璃,介电常数均为3.75。其中外层玻璃1的厚度为3mm,内层玻璃2的厚度为1.5mm,真空层厚度为2.7mm。微波频率选择表面结构阵列11和微波共振结构阵列分别通过光刻工艺和湿法刻蚀工艺制备在外层玻璃1的外表面和内表面上。如图6所示,本实施例中的视窗比例的可见光平均透过率高于60%。
在本实施例中,微波频率选择表面结构阵列的设置如图2所示,结构为方块阵列。其中结构参数g1=0.1,w=0.45。此结构阵列可保证5-20GHZ的微波透过率大于98%。透明薄膜材料选择氧化铟锡(ITO),其方阻值为8Ω/sq,膜厚度为200nm。其红外发射率用光谱范围7.5-13μm的红外相机测量(型号PI640Optris Inc),其测量值为0.1,其红外光谱测量结果如图7所示。根据透射率和反射率计算得到的吸收率为0.1,其值与测量的发射率一致。外层玻璃外表面的红外发射率的理论计算值为0.234。外层玻璃外表面的表面发射率测量值0.24,实验值与计算值吻合。其红外隐身效果如图8所示。
在本实施例中,微波共振吸收结构阵列12设置为如图3所示,其阵列周期为5mm,第二透明导电薄膜材料选用氧化铟锡(ITO),其方阻值为22.5Ω/sq,膜厚度为200nm,l1=4.2mm,l2=4.7mm,l3=2.4mm,w1=1mm,w2=0.9mm。图9和图10分别为垂直极化(TE)和水平极化(TM)的入射角从8度到45度变化时的微波吸收率的测量结果。结合附图可知,垂直入射时的吸收效率在5-20GHz范围内大于90%,30度以内斜入射的吸收效率大于80%。
在本实施例中,结构中的真空层给视窗玻璃带来隔热和隔音降噪的功能,其中隔热性能在图11给出,内层玻璃2底面温度从300K到400K变化,外层玻璃1外表面的温度在无真空层和有真空层的两种情况分别由实线和虚线给出,在有真空层时,能有效降低视窗玻璃表面温度。其中隔音降噪实验测量结果在图12给出,可以看到有玻璃\真空层\玻璃的结构体系能很好的实现隔音降噪,降噪能在在40dB到80dB之间。
实施例2
结合图1所示,本实施方式中的外层玻璃1和内层玻璃2采用有机玻璃,介电常数均为2.45。其中外层玻璃1的厚度为2.8mm,内层玻璃2的厚度为1.5mm,真空层厚度为2.6mm。微波频率选择表面结构阵列11和微波共振结构阵列分别通过激光刻蚀制备在外层玻璃1的外表面和内表面上。
在本实施例中,微波频率选择表面结构阵列的设置如图4所示,结构为正六边形阵列。其中结构参数g2=0.008,d=0.2。此结构阵列可保证5-20GHZ的微波透过率大于98%。透明薄膜材料选择氧化铟锡(ITO),其方阻值为8Ω/sq,膜厚度为200nm。其红外发射率为0.1。
在本实施例中,微波共振吸收结构阵列12设置为如图5所示,其阵列周期为5mm,第二透明导电薄膜材料选用氧化铟锡(ITO),其方阻值为22.5Ω/sq,膜厚度为200nm,l4=4.6mm,l0=4.9mm,w4=1mm,w5=1.2mm。图13和图14分别为垂直极化(TE)和水平极化(TM)的入射角从8度到45度变化时的微波吸收率的测量结果。结合附图可知,垂直入射时的吸收效率在5-20GHz范围内大于93%,30度以内斜入射的吸收效率大于90%。
以上所述仅为本发明的一个实施方式而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
1.一种具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,包括外层玻璃(1)和内层玻璃(2),所述外层玻璃(1)和内层玻璃(2)之间设有真空层(3),所述外层玻璃(1)的外表面设有微波频率选择表面结构阵列(11),所述外层玻璃(1)的内表面设有微波共振吸收结构阵列(12),所述内层玻璃(2)的内表面设有电磁反射膜(13)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述微波频率选择表面结构阵列(11)是由第一透明导电薄膜材料沉积在所述外层玻璃(1)外表面形成的图形结构阵列。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述第一透明导电薄膜材料为氧化铟锡或氧化锌铝,其方阻值为8-15Ω/sq,红外发射率小于0.25。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述微波共振吸收结构阵列(12)是由第二透明导电薄膜材料沉积在所述外层玻璃(1)内表面形成的周期性图案结构,所述周期性图案结构在微波波段产生电磁共振吸收,吸收5-20GHZ的微波。
5.根据权利要求4所述的具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述第二透明导电薄膜材料为氧化铟锡或氧化锌铝或石墨烯或银纳米线,其方阻值为20-26Ω/sq。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述电磁反射膜(13)为覆盖沉积在所述内层玻璃(2)内表面上的第三透明导电薄膜,用于反射微波与红外辐射。
7.根据权利要求6所述的具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述第三透明导电薄膜材料为氧化铟锡或氧化锌铝或石墨烯或银纳米线,其方阻值为8-15Ω/sq。
8.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述外层玻璃(1)和内层玻璃(2)为可见光高透过率的石英玻璃、有机玻璃、聚乙烯、聚丙烯中的任意一种,介电常数为2.45-3.8。
9.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃的可见光透过率高于60%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音隔热能力的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述真空层(3)降低视窗玻璃的热传导,使其具有隔热能力。
11.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音隔热功能的红外和雷达兼容隐身视窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述真空层(3)使其具有隔音降噪能力。
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