CN113664139A

CN113664139A - Automatic control system and method for special-shaped steel rail forging and pressing die

Info

Publication number: CN113664139A
Application number: CN202111100774.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵小军; 刘江; 吴钟敏; 朱鹏杰; 王再兴
Original assignee: China Railway Baoji Bridge Group Co Ltd; China Railway Track Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Railway Baoji Bridge Group Co Ltd; China Railway Track Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-18
Filing date: 2021-09-18
Publication date: 2021-11-19
Also published as: WO2023040522A1

Abstract

The automatic control system and the method for the special-shaped steel rail forging die are provided, and the automatic control system for the special-shaped steel rail forging die is provided; the automatic control system of the special-shaped steel rail forging die comprises an automatic control system of a composite extrusion die; the step beat of the automatic control system of the compound extrusion die is interlocked with the step beat signal of the control system of the press machine; the press machine establishes a die assembly step formula according to the height position of the compound extrusion die, the station operation serial number of the compound extrusion die and the pressure values of different steps of the compound extrusion die; a plurality of die assembly steps are integrated to form an automatic compound extrusion process; and the compound extrusion die automatic control system and the press machine control system complete multi-step die assembly forging and pressing production of the special-shaped steel rail according to an automatic compound extrusion process. The invention realizes automatic production and has popularization potential; has important significance for improving the application level of the equipment and promoting the progress of the turnout processing technology.

Description

Automatic control system and method for special-shaped steel rail forging and pressing die

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal pressed steel rail forging and pressing, and particularly relates to an automatic control system and method for a special-shaped steel rail forging and pressing die.

Background

The forging of the special-shaped steel rail refers to a forging process of forging a section form with a certain length at the end part of the steel rail into another type of steel rail section blank, and is also called as the forging of the heel end of the steel rail. Since the appearance of the railway turnout steel rail heel type, two main forging and pressing die forms are mainly developed at home and abroad due to different background triggering of equipment, materials, requirements and the like.

From 1980 to 2000, the composite extrusion type die is mainly used in China. The composite extrusion type die is formed step by step and section under the conditions of the technical conditions of domestic press machines, insufficient material and processing capacity of the composite extrusion type die, domestic manpower resource red profit and the like, 5-8 workers of a team are required for combined operation, and the press machine only needs 2000 tons; and the mould has small volume and low cost, and meets the railway construction development requirements of a long period of time in China.

And foreign countries depend on strong industrial foundation, mature industrial automation technology and high-welfare and high-cost environment of personnel, the die tooling is designed in an integral multi-station die cavity mode, the tonnage of a press machine generally reaches more than 5000 tons, and the mode of personnel team operation is basically eliminated, and a feeding system is configured to realize automatic production line type production operation of feeding, material taking, heating, press machine operation and die operation.

Since 2000 years, with the speed increase of national railways and the schedule of high-speed railway construction, the investment of national railway construction is greatly improved, the automation degree of steel rail forging is gradually improved in the turnout industry, and the automation degree of steel rail forging in the industry is greatly improved by introducing a complete set of die process equipment and equipment technology and then realizing localization. However, the technical development background and the foreign turnout market and demand are completely different from those of the domestic turnout, so that the mode has no difficulty in the domestic popularization process. The following two main points exist: (1) the cost of the die is high: the cost of a single set of multi-station imported dies is about 600 ten thousand yuan, and the cost of a single set of domestic dies is as high as 100 to more than ten thousand; but the service life of the die is equal to 1 set of products which are scrapped every year, the types of domestic and export turnout steel rails are nearly 20 at present, and the cost of the die is always a road barricade which is put in front of each enterprise for many years. Under the same die life, the cost of a single set of domestic compound extrusion die is only 20-30 ten thousand, and the difference between the two is huge. It is also obvious that the economy of the multi-station die can be fully embodied only by products with few types and large batches, and the composite extrusion process of the composite extrusion die is not limited by the products, so that if the domestic composite extrusion die can be adopted to realize automatic production, the economy of the composite extrusion process based on the composite extrusion die in the products with multiple types and small batches is more prominent. (2) The difficulty of die design and debugging is high: although the product structure and the standard of the special-shaped steel rail are not changed by the foreign multi-station imported die forming process, compared with the composite extrusion step-by-step forming mode of composite extrusion dies for many years, the multi-station imported die forming process has the defects that the multi-station process is difficult to design due to research and development experience, field experience, a plastic forming principle and die working condition comprehensiveness; the forming process of the multi-station inlet die has harsh forming conditions on equipment pressure, feeding system precision and rail part state, fault tolerance and field adjustment measures are severely limited, even no start is made, and a new production line can not produce the rail parts in half a year; moreover, in daily use, the replacement of the dies of the multi-station inlet die forming process is time-consuming and labor-consuming. The composite extrusion process based on the composite extrusion die is totally mastered in manufacturability through accumulated use of the composite extrusion die for 40 years and continuous optimization of the whole industry of generations, is flexible and changeable, is easy to disassemble and combine, greatly facilitates field daily use, effectively shortens the development period of a new product and a new process, and still has very remarkable technical advantages.

Based on the above two points, it can be seen that: the practicability of the automatic steel rail production mode introduced by the foreign complete technology and process equipment is greatly contradictory to the intense competition of the domestic turnout market and the form of one-pressure and one-pressure pressing in the product delivery period, and the popularization is seriously hindered.

In view of economy, technology and practicability, the compound extrusion process form based on the compound extrusion die has great practical application value, and also meets the product characteristics of short supply period, less batch and more varieties of the company, which mainly takes the export turnout business. Moreover, the nature of reducing the forging and pressing of the steel rail is the first cost control mode under the premise that the quality of the steel rail is kept stable for a long time, and the method plays an important role in realizing continuous profit of enterprises for many years.

However, in the prior art, in the combined extrusion multi-user cooperative manual mode based on the combined extrusion die, different operators and different operation methods have large influence on workpiece forming, and the quality fluctuation is large. In order to stabilize the product quality, the production efficiency is improved on one hand, the domestic heel-end automation process level is further improved on the other hand, and the Chinese and the western are combined; the press machine equipment and the feeding system basically follow the multi-station application principle, and in order to further keep the core of the die design and the forging process of steel rail forging production, the following technical improvement scheme is provided for automatically upgrading and transforming the conventional multi-person cooperation manual mode composite extrusion die operation.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the automatic control system and method for the special-shaped steel rail forging die realize automatic production by adopting the composite extrusion die and solve the technical problems of poor consistency and low production efficiency of multi-person cooperation manual mode production of the composite extrusion die in China.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging die comprises an automatic control system of the special-shaped steel rail forging die; the automatic control system for the special-shaped steel rail forging die comprises an automatic control system for a composite extrusion die; the step beat of the automatic control system of the compound extrusion die is interlocked with the step beat signal of the control system of the press machine; the automatic control system of the compound extrusion die is provided with the compound extrusion die; the press control system is provided with a press; the press machine establishes a die assembly step formula according to the height position of the compound extrusion die, the station operation serial number of the compound extrusion die and the pressure values of different steps of the compound extrusion die; a plurality of die assembly steps are integrated to form an automatic compound extrusion process; and the compound extrusion die automatic control system and the press machine control system complete multi-step die assembly forging and pressing production of the special-shaped steel rail according to an automatic compound extrusion process.

The automatic control system of the special-shaped steel rail forging die used by the automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging die is provided with an automatic control system of a composite extrusion die; the automatic control system of the compound extrusion die is provided with a compound extrusion die, and the compound extrusion die consists of a rail head die, a rail web pre-forging die, a rail web final forging die, a rail bottom rolling die and a rail bottom shaping die; wherein the railhead mould is positioned at the bottommost part; the rail web pre-forging die and the rail web finish-forging die are both paired dies, the paired rail web pre-forging die and the paired rail web finish-forging die are both arranged on two sides above the rail head die, and the paired rail web pre-forging die and the paired rail web finish-forging die are arranged at the front station and the rear station in a horizontal equal-height mode; the rail bottom rolling die and the rail bottom shaping die are respectively positioned right above the rail head die and used for die assembly; the rail bottom rolling die and the rail bottom shaping die are arranged on the front station and the rear station in the same horizontal equal height respectively; the rail web pre-forging die, the rail web finish-forging die, the rail bottom rolling die and the rail bottom shaping die form a die changing system.

In the above technical solution, further: the compound extrusion die is provided with a die platform, one end of the die platform is a platform front extension section, and the other end of the die platform is a platform rear extension section; a blank making station or a shaping station of the composite extrusion die is arranged between the platform front extension section and the platform rear extension section; wherein the compound extrusion die is provided with a die changing frame; a rail waist pre-forging die is arranged on one side of the die changing frame, and a rail waist final forging die is arranged on the other side of the die changing frame; the blank making step operation when the compound extrusion die moves to the blank making station accounts for more than 90 percent of the total step operation of the automatic compound extrusion process; the compound extrusion die only carries out shaping operation on a shaping station once per fire; when the compound extrusion die moves to a blank making station or a shaping station; the center of the working die of the composite extrusion die coincides with the center of the press machine.

In the above technical solution, further: the formula of the mold closing process step comprises mold position parameter information, mold type parameter information, mold switching speed parameter information and mold power parameter information of the composite extrusion mold related to a blank making station and a shaping station.

In the above technical solution, further: the compound extrusion die comprises an upper die frame, wherein a rail bottom shaping die is mounted at the front end of the upper die frame in a suspension manner, and a rail bottom pressing die is mounted at the rear end of the upper die frame in a suspension manner; the rail bottom shaping die is driven by a bidirectional cylinder to realize axial suspension type sliding rail die change operation of the rail bottom shaping die relative to the upper die frame; the rail bottom die is driven by a servo cylinder body to realize the axial long and short stroke high precision, high frequency, multi-step and multi-station suspended slide rail die change operation of the rail bottom die relative to the upper die frame.

In the above technical solution, further: the rail bottom die is connected with a push rod by screw threads, and the push rod is used for manually operating the axial sliding displacement of the rail bottom die relative to the upper die frame; scales are arranged on the push rod; the bottom of the upper die frame is provided with a T-shaped chute; the rail bottom shaping mold and the rail bottom pressing mold are matched with the T-shaped sliding groove in a sliding mode; the T-shaped sliding groove is used for preventing relative dislocation of the rail bottom shaping mold, the rail bottom pressing mold and the upper mold frame; the shaft end of the push rod has axial loose joint freedom degree; one side of the upper die frame is provided with an axial guide sleeve; the middle part of the push rod is in sliding friction fit with the axial guide sleeve; the axial guide sleeve and the axial movable opening freedom degree are used for preventing the threaded connection failure and locking caused by the reciprocating deformation of the push rod.

In the above technical solution, further: the rail web pre-forging die and the rail web finish-forging die are respectively provided with a No. 1 universal action point and a No. 2 universal action point; the rail bottom shaping mold is provided with No. 3 and No. 4 universal action point positions; the rail bottom rolling mould is provided with six special working point positions of No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10 and four reserved action point positions of No. 11, No. 12, No. 13 and No. 14; no. 15, namely a single-stroke general action point position, is arranged at the upward position of the press; a 16-number one-stroke general action point position is arranged at the descending position of the press; the press is also provided with No. 17 single-stroke pressurizing general action point positions.

In the above technical solution, further: the rail web pre-forging die and the rail web finish-forging die adjust the actual positions of the dies by adjusting the mounting screws of the dies; the rail bottom rolling die adjusts the actual position of the die in a parameter adjusting mode; the single-stroke universal action point position of the press machine sets up the upward pressure parameters, the downward pressure parameters and the downward pressure parameters of each cycle according to different process steps, different die change, different stations, different die closing serial numbers and different pressures.

In the above technical solution, further: the servo cylinder body is provided with a cylinder body installation guide protective cover.

In the above technical solution, further: the outer side end of the push rod is provided with a push handle; the inner side end of the push rod is provided with a mould connecting part; the inner side of the push rod is connected with the composite extrusion die through the die connecting part.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the invention can realize the automatic continuous production of the technical level of the loose piece type composite extrusion die process, and makes a great breakthrough in a long-term multi-person collaborative application mode; on the basis of meeting the technical experience accumulation of the movable block type compound extrusion die of the company, the forging and pressing production with higher level, higher efficiency and higher reliability can be applied.

2. Compared with manual operation, the compound extrusion production process based on the loose piece type compound extrusion die can fundamentally stabilize the product quality and improve the production efficiency; a quantization space is created for material forming and process from the aspects of temperature, time, pressure, speed, connection action, position and integration, the process control of the forging and pressing process is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the labor environment and the operation intensity of personnel on site are greatly improved.

3. The invention can quantify the speed, pressure and action of the equipment, provides convenience for the performance maintenance and daily use management of the equipment in the future, greatly optimizes the use frequency and strength of the rated performance of the equipment, and has great application value in the aspects of reducing the loss of parts of the equipment, the maintenance frequency, the fatigue and the like.

4. The loose piece type compound extrusion die has the advantages of low cost, mature technology, high flexible die assembly characteristic, economical and practical purchasing and daily production and easy realization; the passive form of 'only four stations' theory of an automatic die control process in the field of steel rail forging can be broken through, and automatic continuous production of two stations is realized; the automatic improvement of the process level of the enterprise equipment, reasonable control of the production cost, steady and continuous mature process, multiple purposes and half effort are smoothly ensured.

5. The steel rail turnout forging device is reasonable in structure, simple, practical, strong in universality, convenient to install and maintain, convenient to design and construct, suitable for production of steel rail turnouts and capable of being widely applied to the field of forging of heel ends of steel rail pieces; the device has wide popularization and application potential in the switch industry and the related multi-platform field of the press machine, and is a device development form which is always desired in the industry for many years; has positive guide demonstration effect and has important significance for improving the application level of industrial equipment and promoting the progress of the turnout processing technology.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a coextrusion die and press in accordance with the present invention in use;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the co-extrusion die of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional structure view of the composite extrusion mold in a mold closing state according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view showing a state of use of the composite extrusion die blank-making station of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a view showing a state of use of a shaping station of the co-extrusion die of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the rail web pre-forging die and the rail web finish-forging die on the die change frame in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of the rail web mold;

FIG. 8 is another side elevational view of the rail web mold;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of one length of the adjustable mounting screw of the rail web mold of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is another cross-sectional length view of the adjustable mounting screw of the rail web mold of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a rail foot mold employing a threaded connection push rod;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of an exemplary application of five-station five-rolling stop positions of a rail bottom rolling die;

FIG. 13 is a graph of the travel curve, pressure curve and compound extrusion die station of the press of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a partial perspective view of the ram connecting coextrusion die of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the push rod connecting rail foot rolling mold of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a bottom perspective view of the co-extrusion die of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a cylinder mounting guide guard of the servo cylinder of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-composite extrusion die, 2-press; 11-rail head mould, 12-rail web pre-forging mould, 13-rail web finish forging mould, 14-rail bottom rolling mould and 15-rail bottom shaping mould; 101-a mould platform, 102-a platform front extension section, 103-a platform rear extension section, 104-a blank making station, 105-a shaping station, 106-a mould changing station, 3-an upper mould frame, 4-a bidirectional cylinder, 5-a servo cylinder body, 6-threads, 7-push rods, 301-T type chutes, 701-axial movable opening freedom degree, 8-an axial guide sleeve, 9-a screw, 501-a cylinder body installation guide protective cover and 702-a pushing handle; 703-a mould connection part; 901-three-hole connecting rod, 902-retainer ring, 601-rail bottom mould connecting plate, 602-rail bottom mould mounting screw.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 17 in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The method for automatically controlling the special-shaped steel rail forging die (shown in figure 1) is provided with an automatic control system of the special-shaped steel rail forging die; the automatic control system for the special-shaped steel rail forging die comprises an automatic control system for a composite extrusion die; the step beat of the automatic control system of the composite extrusion die is interlocked with the step beat signal of the control system of the press machine.

It should be noted that: the signals in the signal interlocking refer to the positions of all the module monomers and the pressure actuating mechanism of the press in the compound extrusion die 1, and the operation and position signals of the mechanical structure action; the signal interlocking is used for making information connection between each module monomer and a pressure mechanism of the press so as to cooperatively complete the process action. The interlocking means that the interlocking is set logically to avoid the equipment operation interference caused by misoperation and the potential safety operation hazard of artificial or unexpected conditions, namely, the alternative execution logic is set artificially to ensure that a part of execution actions can not be operated by multiple machines synchronously, thereby achieving the determined execution control logic command and effectively avoiding the misoperation.

The method (in combination with the figure 2) also comprises an automatic control system of the special-shaped steel rail forging die used by the automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging die, wherein the automatic control system of the special-shaped steel rail forging die comprises an automatic control system of a composite extrusion die; the automatic control system of the compound extrusion die is provided with a compound extrusion die 1 and a compound extrusion die controller; the press control system has a press 2 and a press controller.

All the controllers are Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC). The automatic control system of the compound extrusion die and the control system of the press machine are connected into a whole. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: can set up the signal sender (the device that sends the telecommunication) in compound extrusion die 1 and each node position of press 2, the signal sender can be servo motor, the cylinder, proximity switch and photoelectric switch, still there is the signal sender of the position signal news point of servo system manual setting, each signal sender of news point and entire system's machinery, electrical correlation, the purpose is the logic control who realizes accurate step, the realization uses compound extrusion die 1 as the core, the synchronism, the harmony that 2 operations of press were supplementary goes on, the forging and pressing operation of continuity.

The press machine 2 establishes a die assembly step formula according to the height position of the compound extrusion die 1, the station operation serial number of the compound extrusion die 1 and the pressure values of different steps of the compound extrusion die 1; a plurality of die assembly steps are integrated to form an automatic compound extrusion process; and the compound extrusion die automatic control system and the press machine control system complete multi-step die assembly forging and pressing production of the special-shaped steel rail according to an automatic compound extrusion process.

Specifically, see table 1: die assembly process formula table

In table 1, the following components: such as mold clamping 1-1, refers to a name of a mold combination type, which is composed of a plurality of molds and clamped. And the rest mold closing serial numbers are analogized. The effects and die assembly parameters of different die assembly realization are different, and because the steel rail needs to be heated for two fire times, in order to facilitate management, part of the same die combinations are defined differently according to different fire times so as to avoid confusion.

In table 1: table 4, which has been described later, corresponds to the combinations of the molds at stations 1-1 to 2-7: the rail web die change and the station formula table are provided, and the meaning is that. The serial number of the stations is a serial number mode of process action logic arrangement, 1-X represents station action of first heating of the rail piece, and X represents the number of the stations after first heating; the 2-Y principle is the same. The station shown here is a forging step of the die and can also be qualitatively understood as a forging station, and the different stations are different in the combination of the die, the action position of the die and the die closing parameters of the press.

Table 2: the setting scheme of the blank making point location parameters of the rail bottom rolling die comprises the following steps: (see FIG. 12 for reference.)

See table 2 in conjunction with the description of fig. 2 and 12. The rail bottom rolling die 14 and the rail bottom shaping die 15 share a later-described T-shaped chute 301, the directions of the rail bottom rolling die 14 and the rail bottom shaping die into the T-shaped chute 301 are different, and the rail bottom rolling die 14 is installed in the direction of the raw material of the press machine 2 and enters a working position from back to front; the rail foot shaping die 15 is mounted in front of the press 2, from the front to the rear into the working position.

The parameters of the point of the foot rolling die 14 in table 2 should be understood as (in conjunction with fig. 12): the rail bottom rolling plate is rolled for the first time and moved to the 230 position, is rolled for the second time and moved to the 341 position, is rolled for the third time and moved to the 452 position, and the like. The horizontal movement of the rail bottom rolling die 14 can also be realized by pushing and pulling the manual push rod 7. The rail foot shaping die 15 does not need to adopt a manual push-pull mode due to the heavy weight of the die.

Table 3: the rail bottom rolling die blank-making point location parameters and action formula scheme table are as follows:

in table 3, it should be noted that: the action sequence is 12345 or 54321, the action sequence is related to the principle of metal plastic forming in process development, and the action sequence of any step is actually a blank making step, and the purpose of making blanks is the reasonability.

Table 4: the rail web die changing and station formula table comprises:

in table 4, the effect of the recovery station is that the mold returns to the zero position, i.e. 1 fire operation is finished, so as to avoid omission and facilitate the simplification of the program, so the mold performs the zero position recovery processing.

The invention can realize the automatic continuous production of the technical level of the loose piece type composite extrusion die process, and makes a great breakthrough in a long-term multi-person collaborative application mode; on the basis of meeting the technical experience accumulation of the movable block type compound extrusion die of the company, the production with higher level, higher efficiency and higher reliability can be applied.

(as shown in fig. 2 and 3) in the above embodiment, further: the composite extrusion die 1 consists of a rail head die 11, a rail web pre-forging die 12, a rail web finish-forging die 13, a rail bottom rolling die 14 and a rail bottom shaping die 15.

Wherein, the railhead mould 11 is positioned at the bottommost part of the mould platform 101 of the composite extrusion mould 1; the rail web pre-forging die 12 and the rail web finish-forging die 13 are both paired dies, the paired rail web pre-forging die 12 and the paired rail web finish-forging die 13 are both positioned on two sides above the rail head die 11, and the paired rail web pre-forging die 12 and the paired rail web finish-forging die 13 are arranged in the front and rear stations of the die platform 101 in a horizontal equal-height mode; the rail bottom rolling mold 14 and the rail bottom shaping mold 15 are respectively positioned right above the rail head mold 11 and used for mold closing; the rail bottom rolling die 14 and the rail bottom shaping die 15 are horizontally installed in a suspension mode by taking the die changing frame 3 as a support; the rail bottom rolling mold 14 and the rail bottom shaping mold 15 are respectively arranged at the front station and the rear station of the mold changing frame 3 in the same horizontal height.

The rail web pre-forging die 12, the rail web finish-forging die 13, the rail bottom rolling die 14 and the rail bottom shaping die 15 form a die changing system, and the rail web pre-forging die, the rail web finish-forging die, the rail bottom rolling die and the rail bottom shaping die are the main improvement points of the invention. The die changing system is used for realizing the positions and types of dies required by different stations and the switching speed and action of the dies to form a die closing step formula. And multiple mold changing operations of the composite extrusion process are completed by integrating a plurality of mold closing steps and formulas.

It should be noted that: the die changing structure of the rail web pre-forging die 12 and the rail web finish-forging die 13 is a guide theory type die changing device, and refer to Chinese patent with patent number ZL 201420260003.4.

Compared with manual operation, the compound extrusion production process based on the loose piece type compound extrusion die can fundamentally stabilize the product quality and improve the production efficiency; a quantization space is created for material forming and process from the aspects of temperature, time, pressure, speed, connection action, position and integration, the process control of the forging and pressing process is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the labor environment and the operation intensity of personnel on site are greatly improved.

(as shown in fig. 4, 5, 6) in the above embodiment, further: the compound extrusion die 1 has a die platform 101, one end of the die platform 101 is a platform front extension 102, and the other end is a platform rear extension 103.

A blank making station 104 or a shaping station 105 of the composite extrusion die 1 is arranged between the platform front extension section 102 and the platform rear extension section 103; wherein the compound extrusion die 1 is provided with a die changing frame 106; and a rail waist pre-forging die 12 is arranged on one side of the die changing frame 106, and a rail waist final forging die 13 is arranged on the other side of the die changing frame 106.

When in use: the preforging operation is performed as the web preforging die 12 of the die change frame 106 moves to the blanking station 104 shown in fig. 4. When the rail web finish forging die 13 of the die change frame 106 moves to the shaping station 105 shown in fig. 5, the finish forging operation is performed. Whether the pre-forging or the final forging is carried out, the center of the working die of the combined extrusion die 1 is always coincided with the center of the press machine 2.

Wherein, the blank making step operation when the compound extrusion die 1 moves to the blank making station 104 accounts for more than 90 percent of the total step operation of the automatic compound extrusion process; the compound extrusion die 1 only carries out shaping operation on the shaping station 105 once per fire; when the compound extrusion die 1 moves to the blank making station 104 or the shaping station 105; for performing a blanking action or a shaping action, respectively.

In the above embodiment, further: the mold closing process formula comprises mold position parameter information, mold type parameter information, mold switching speed parameter information and mold power parameter information of the composite extrusion mold 1 at the blank making station 101 and the shaping station 102.

The invention can quantify the speed, pressure and action of the equipment, provides convenience for the performance maintenance and daily use management of the equipment in the future, greatly optimizes the use frequency and strength of the rated performance of the equipment, and has great application value in the aspects of reducing the loss of parts of the equipment, the maintenance frequency, the fatigue and the like.

(as shown in fig. 2) in the above embodiment, further: the compound extrusion die 1 comprises an upper die frame 3, a rail bottom shaping die 15 is mounted at the front end of the upper die frame 3 in a suspension mode, and a rail bottom pressing die 14 is mounted at the rear end of the upper die frame 3 in a suspension mode; the rail bottom shaping die 15 is driven by the bidirectional cylinder 4 to realize axial suspension type sliding rail die change operation of the rail bottom shaping die 15 relative to the upper die carrier 3; the same is that: the rail bottom pressing die 14 is driven by the servo cylinder 5 (as shown in fig. 14) to realize the suspension type slide rail die changing operation of the rail bottom pressing die 14 relative to the upper die frame 3 with long axial stroke, short axial stroke, high precision, high frequency, multiple steps and multiple stations.

In the above embodiment, further: the servo cylinder 5 has a cylinder-mounted guide guard 501 (shown in fig. 17) to effectively protect.

(as shown in fig. 11) in the above embodiment, further: the rail bottom press mold 14 is connected with the push rod 7 by the screw thread 6 (combined with fig. 15 and 16), and the assembly and debugging are convenient due to the screw thread connection. In fig. 11, the rail foot mold attachment plate 601 is fixedly attached to a rail foot type mold, such as rail foot compression mold 14, by rail foot mold attachment screws 602.

The push rod 7 is used for manually operating the rail bottom to press the mold 14 to axially slide and displace relative to the upper mold frame 3. When the automatic mode is not executable, the manual mode can be switched in time to continue forging.

Further: scales are arranged on the push rod 7. The scales on the push rod 7 are used for mastering the position accuracy during manual operation so as to ensure the consistency of the forging quality of products during operation of different personnel.

(as shown in fig. 15) the bottom of the upper die carrier 3 is provided with a T-shaped chute 301; the rail bottom shaping die 15 and the rail bottom pressing die 14 are matched with the T-shaped sliding chute 301 in a sliding mode to provide stable linear guiding. The T-shaped chute 301 is used to prevent the relative misalignment between the rail bottom shaping mold 15 and the rail bottom pressing mold 14 and the upper mold frame 3.

The shaft end of the push rod 7 is provided with an axial loose joint degree of freedom 701; one side of the upper die frame 3 is provided with an axial guide sleeve 8; the middle part of the push rod 7 is in sliding friction fit with the axial guide sleeve 8; the axial guide sleeve 8 and the axial loose joint degree of freedom 701 are used for preventing the threaded connection failure and blocking caused by the reciprocating deformation of the push rod 7 and providing stable linear guide for the linear position of the push rod 7.

In the above embodiment, further: a pushing handle 702 is arranged at the outer side end of the push rod 7; the inner side end of the push rod 7 is provided with a mould connecting part 703; the inner side of the push rod 7 is connected with a rail bottom rolling die 14 in the compound extrusion die 1 through a die connecting part 703. The mold connecting portion 703 is a vertical plate structure, and is fastened at multiple points to reliably connect the mold. Thereby performing manual rolling operation.

(see fig. 7, 8, 9) in the above embodiment, further: the rail web pre-forging die 12 and the rail web finish-forging die 13 adjust the actual positions of the dies by adjusting the die mounting screw 9.

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the two ends of the rail web pre-forging die 12 and the rail web finish-forging die 13 are respectively provided with a screw 9, the length of the screw 9 can be changed and adjusted, and the rail web pre-forging die 12 and the rail web finish-forging die 13 with different sizes can be changed and adjusted in position by changing the length of the screw 9. The outer end of the screw 9 is connected with a three-hole connecting rod 901 and is blocked and fixed by a retaining ring 902. The three-hole connecting rod 901 and the retainer ring 902 are adopted to realize die connection, so that the fixing is reliable, and the loosening is avoided.

(see fig. 9 and 10) it should be noted that: the rail web pre-forging die 12 and the rail web finish-forging die 13 adjust the actual positions of the dies by adjusting the die mounting screw 9. The screw 9 is in the form of an existing annular retainer ring, the length of a rod body of the screw 9 is divided into four grades, and the screw can be combined to realize stepless adjustment of the die shank and the die spacing of 60mm to 320mm by matching with M24 and M24 and 100 hexagon screws and existing M24 and 120 hexagon mounting screws in the railhead die, and the adjustment flexibility is far superior to that of the original form.

The rail bottom rolling die 14 adjusts the actual position of the die in a parameter adjusting mode; the single-stroke general action point position of the press machine 2 sets up the upward pressure parameters, the downward pressure parameters and the downward pressure parameters of each cycle according to different working steps, different die change, different stations, different die closing serial numbers and different pressures.

In the above embodiment, further: the rail web pre-forging die 12 and the rail web finish-forging die 13 are respectively provided with two universal action points of No. 1 and No. 2. The rail bottom shaping die 15 is provided with two universal action point positions of No. 3 and No. 4; the rail bottom rolling die 14 is provided with six special working point positions of No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10 and four reserved action point positions of No. 11, No. 12, No. 13 and No. 14; no. 15, namely a single-stroke general action point position, is arranged at the upward position of the press machine 2; a 16-number one-stroke general action point position is arranged at the descending position of the press machine 2; the press machine 2 is also provided with a No. 17 single-stroke pressing general action point position.

It should be noted that: regarding the action point locations and the working point locations, the action point locations and the working point locations of different molds are mainly different in the combination form of the work and the mold location during the work. The specific position of the heating furnace is determined according to the actual forging process and the specific die, and different heating furnace bodies and rail parts are required to be finely adjusted when necessary. The specific point location information is shown in table 1: a die assembly process step is carried out; and table 3: and a scheme table of the blank making point location parameters and the action formula of the rail bottom rolling die.

Therefore, the basic process of the die assembly formula mainly acts in a beat manner, and the site setting defines the connection mode and the action signaling node of each formula. The combination of the action rhythm, the locus, the connection mode and the action signaling node realizes the complete logic of the automatic control of the special-shaped steel rail forging mould with the action, the parameter, the position and the coordination as contents among the mould closing operation, the mould station switching and the forging and pressing step forming of a plurality of presses, and realizes the synchronous, coordinated and continuous automatic production with the mould control as the core and the press operation as the auxiliary.

Table 5: signal point location setting information table

It should be noted that: in table 5, the points 16 and 17 are taken as examples: the 16 th and 17 th points actually represent the lower limit position of the press descending from the initial height and the maximum limit pressure during the descending process, so that the size control of the die can be realized. In the table, 1-1 in 16-1-1 corresponds to die assembly 1-1-, and the upward movement, the downward movement and the pressure of the press machine are different in principle for different die assemblies, so that the process is optimized and parameters are configured and flexibly adjusted. In the table, H1 represents the mold clamping height value. F2 represents the pressure value. 15-1-1(H1-1) corresponds to the action name of the die changing 1-1 on the pressing machine in the 15 th point.

The loose piece type compound extrusion die has the advantages of low cost, mature technology, high flexible die assembly characteristic, economical and practical purchasing and daily production and easy realization; the passive form of 'only four stations' theory of an automatic die control process in the field of steel rail forging can be broken through, and automatic continuous production of two stations is realized; the automatic improvement of the process level of the enterprise equipment, reasonable control of the production cost, steady and continuous mature process, multiple purposes and half effort are smoothly ensured.

In conclusion, the steel rail heel forging device has the advantages of reasonable structure, simplicity, practicability, strong universality, convenience in installation and maintenance, convenience in design and construction, suitability for steel rail turnout production and capability of being widely applied to the field of steel rail heel forging; the device has wide popularization and application potential in the switch industry and the related multi-platform field of the press machine, and is a device development form which is always desired in the industry for many years; has positive guide demonstration effect and has important significance for improving the application level of industrial equipment and promoting the progress of the turnout processing technology.

All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging and pressing die is characterized by comprising the following steps: the automatic control system is provided with a special-shaped steel rail forging mould; the automatic control system for the special-shaped steel rail forging die comprises an automatic control system for a composite extrusion die; the working step beat of the automatic control system of the compound extrusion die is interlocked with the working step beat signal of the control system of the press machine; the automatic control system of the compound extrusion die is provided with a compound extrusion die (1); the press machine control system is provided with a press machine (2); the press (2) establishes a die assembly step formula according to the height position of the composite extrusion die (1), the station operation serial number of the composite extrusion die (1) and the pressure values of the composite extrusion die (1) in different steps; a plurality of die assembly steps are integrated to form an automatic compound extrusion process; and the compound extrusion die automatic control system and the press machine control system complete multi-step die assembly forging and pressing production of the special-shaped steel rail according to an automatic compound extrusion process.

2. The automatic control system for a special-shaped steel rail forging die used in the automatic control method for a special-shaped steel rail forging die according to claim 1, wherein: the automatic control system for the special-shaped steel rail forging die is provided with a composite extrusion die (1); the composite extrusion die (1) consists of a rail head die (11), a rail web pre-forging die (12), a rail web finish-forging die (13), a rail bottom rolling die (14) and a rail bottom shaping die (15); wherein the railhead mould (11) is positioned at the bottommost part; the rail web pre-forging die (12) and the rail web finish-forging die (13) are paired dies, the paired rail web pre-forging die (12) and the paired rail web finish-forging die (13) are arranged on two sides above the rail head die (11), and the paired rail web pre-forging die (12) and the paired rail web finish-forging die (13) are arranged in a manner of equal height in the front station and the rear station; the rail bottom rolling mold (14) and the rail bottom shaping mold (15) are respectively positioned right above the rail head mold (11) and used for mold closing; the rail bottom rolling die (14) and the rail bottom shaping die (15) are arranged at the front station and the rear station in the same horizontal equal height respectively; and the rail web pre-forging die (12), the rail web finish-forging die (13), the rail bottom rolling die (14) and the rail bottom shaping die (15) form a die changing system.

3. The automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging die according to claim 1, wherein the automatic control method comprises the following steps: the composite extrusion die (1) is provided with a die platform (101), one end of the die platform (101) is a platform front extension section (102), and the other end of the die platform (101) is a platform rear extension section (103); a blank making station (104) or a shaping station (105) of the composite extrusion die (1) is arranged between the platform front extension section (102) and the platform rear extension section (103); wherein the compound extrusion die (1) is provided with a die changing frame (106); a rail waist pre-forging die (12) is arranged on one side of the die changing frame (106), and a rail waist final forging die (13) is arranged on the other side of the die changing frame (106); the blank making step operation when the combined extrusion die (1) moves to the blank making station (104) accounts for more than 90 percent of the total step operation of the automatic combined extrusion process; the compound extrusion die (1) only carries out shaping operation on the shaping station (105) once per fire; when the composite extrusion die (1) moves to a blank making station (104) or a shaping station (105); the center of the working die of the combined extrusion die (1) is coincided with the center of the press machine (2).

4. The automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging die according to claim 3, wherein the automatic control method comprises the following steps: the mould closing step formula comprises mould position parameter information, mould type parameter information, mould switching speed parameter information and mould power parameter information which are related to the composite extrusion mould (1) at the blank making station (101) and the shaping station (102).

5. The automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging die according to claim 1, wherein the automatic control method comprises the following steps: the composite extrusion die (1) comprises an upper die frame (3), a rail bottom shaping die (15) is mounted at the front end of the upper die frame (3) in a suspension mode, and a rail bottom pressing die (14) is mounted at the rear end of the upper die frame (3) in a suspension mode; the rail bottom shaping die (15) is driven by the bidirectional cylinder (4) to realize axial suspension type sliding rail die change operation of the rail bottom shaping die (15) relative to the upper die carrier (3); the rail bottom pressing die (14) is driven by the servo cylinder body (5) to realize the suspension type slide rail die change operation of the rail bottom pressing die (14) relative to the upper die frame (3) with long axial stroke, short stroke, high precision, high frequency, multiple steps and multiple stations.

6. The automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging die as claimed in claim 5, wherein the automatic control method comprises the following steps: the rail bottom press die (14) is connected with a push rod (7) by threads (6), and the push rod (7) is used for manually operating the axial sliding displacement of the rail bottom press die (14) relative to the upper die carrier (3); scales are arranged on the push rod (7); the bottom of the upper die frame (3) is provided with a T-shaped chute (301); the rail bottom shaping die (15) and the rail bottom pressing die (14) are in sliding fit with the T-shaped sliding groove (301); the shaft end of the push rod (7) is provided with an axial loose joint degree of freedom (701); an axial guide sleeve (8) is arranged on one side of the upper die frame (3); the middle part of the push rod (7) is in sliding friction fit with the axial guide sleeve (8).

7. The automatic control system for the forging and pressing die of the special-shaped steel rail according to claim 2, wherein: the rail web pre-forging die (12) and the rail web finish-forging die (13) are respectively provided with No. 1 and No. 2 universal action points; the rail bottom shaping die (15) is provided with two universal action point positions of No. 3 and No. 4; the rail bottom rolling die (14) is provided with six special working point positions of No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10 and four reserved action point positions of No. 11, No. 12, No. 13 and No. 14; no. 15, namely a single-stroke general action point position, is arranged at the upward position of the press (2); a 16-number single-stroke general action point position is set at the descending position of the press (2); the press machine (2) is also provided with a No. 17 single-stroke pressing general action point position.

8. The automatic control system for the forging and pressing die of the special-shaped steel rail according to claim 7, wherein: the rail web pre-forging die (12) and the rail web finish-forging die (13) adjust the actual positions of the dies by adjusting the die mounting screw (9).

9. The automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging die as claimed in claim 5, wherein the automatic control method comprises the following steps: the servo cylinder body (5) is provided with a cylinder body installation guide protective cover (501).

10. The automatic control method of the special-shaped steel rail forging die as claimed in claim 6, wherein the automatic control method comprises the following steps: a pushing handle (702) is arranged at the outer side end of the push rod (7); the inner side end of the push rod (7) is provided with a mould connecting part (703); the inner side of the push rod (7) is connected with the composite extrusion die (1) through a die connecting part (703).