CN113663705B - Lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof as a photocatalyst. The invention relates to the technical field of new energy functional materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing graphite phase carbon nitride nano-sheets and lanthanum vanadate nano-sheets; and mixing and grinding the lanthanum vanadate nanosheets and graphite-phase carbon nitride, and calcining to obtain the lanthanum vanadate/graphite-phase carbon nitride composite material. The invention also discloses an application of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material in preparing the furfural by preparing new energy sources of hydrogen through photocatalytic decomposition of water. The lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is simple in synthesis steps, and has excellent visible light responsiveness, high carrier mobility and high specific surface area, so that the composite material has very strong absorption capacity to visible light, high photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency, and can effectively utilize photo-generated holes to oxidize biomass material furfuryl alcohol into high value-added product furfuraldehyde, and has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy functional materials, in particular to a preparation method of a lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst and application thereof in preparing a furfural chemical product by preparing hydrogen new energy through photocatalytic decomposition of water.
Background
On one hand, along with the improvement of the living standard of people, the demand for energy is also growing, but the world-level energy consumption is mainly concentrated on fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like, and the fossil fuels are non-renewable and have strong pollution; on the other hand, due to over exploitation and development, global fossil fuels are about to run out, and there is an urgent need to build efficient catalytic systems to achieve clean and sustainable energy technologies.
Photocatalytic reaction byThe solar light is used as a light source, so that the solar energy solar lamp has the advantages of cleanness, environmental protection, high efficiency, economy, recycling and the like, and becomes a research hotspot. Photocatalytic hydrogen generating materials are numerous and include graphite-phase carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) Bismuth system (BiOBr, bi) 2 WO 3 Etc.), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) Vanadate (BiVO) 4 、LaVO 4 ) Etc. The graphite phase carbon nitride material has more defects, such as narrower absorption range and weaker absorption strength of visible light, faster recombination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes, lower carrier mobility and the like, and greatly limits the capability of the graphite phase carbon nitride material for catalyzing and decomposing water and the like under the action of the visible light. For this reason, the construction of a heterojunction based on graphite-phase carbon nitride has proven to be an effective strategy, since it allows spatially precise regulation of the redox active sites, enabling a controlled operation of the oxidation and reduction half-reactions. Recently, two-dimensional lanthanum vanadate (LaVO 4 ) Nanoflakes have proven to be an attractive semiconductor that can regulate the reduction and oxidation sites through the directional transfer of photogenerated charges, which are potential candidates for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
At present, a hole scavenger is usually required to be added to improve the hydrogen gas separation efficiency by photocatalytic water splitting to prepare hydrogen gas, and the method is high in price and resource waste and does not accord with the environment-friendly concept. In response to this problem, it is an effective approach to convert hole scavengers into valuable chemicals by oxidative half-reactions that decompose water to convert hole victims into high value-added chemicals. In addition, the biomass material with abundant content, low price and easy availability is used as the oxidation half reaction raw material, which has great significance for industrial production and clean new energy preparation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst which is used for preparing new energy resources for preparing hydrogen by photocatalytic decomposition of water to cooperatively produce furfural chemicals. The composite material has high visible light absorption capacity due to excellent visible light responsiveness and high carrier mobility, the efficiency of catalyzing and decomposing water to produce hydrogen is high, and meanwhile, the biomass material furfuryl alcohol is oxidized into furfural with high added value by the photo-generated holes, so that the problem of waste of half-reaction resources is solved.
The invention provides a preparation method of a lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride nanocomposite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-sheets and lanthanum vanadate nano-sheets respectively;
(2) Grinding and mixing the graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-sheet and the lanthanum vanadate nano-sheet according to a certain proportion, and calcining again to synthesize the lanthanum vanadate/graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-composite material.
Preferably, the precursor for preparing the graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-sheet is selected from one or more of cyanamide, dicyandiamide, melamine, urea and thiourea.
Further, calcining the precursor at 200-550 ℃ for 2-5 hours to obtain the graphite phase carbon nitride nano-sheet.
Further, the specific steps for preparing the lanthanum vanadate nanosheets are as follows:
1) Dissolving ammonium metavanadate in an alkaline solution, adding oleic acid and an organic solvent, adding a lanthanum nitrate aqueous solution, and fully mixing to form a precursor;
2) And (3) reacting the precursor for 8-9 hours at 140-150 ℃ to obtain the lanthanum vanadate nanosheets.
Preferably, the organic solvent is selected from one or more of ethanol, methanol and cyclohexane.
Preferably, the alkaline solution is an aqueous NaOH solution.
Specifically, the preparation method of the lanthanum vanadate nanosheets comprises the following steps:
1) Dissolving 0.5-1.5 g of NaOH in 3-10 mL of water, adding 0.01-0.08 g of ammonium metavanadate, dissolving the ammonium metavanadate in a beaker, sequentially adding 5-30 mL of oleic acid and 5-30 mL of ethanol in the beaker, finally adding 1-5 mL of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate aqueous solution, and fully mixing to form a precursor;
2) And (3) putting the precursor into a reaction kettle, and then putting the reaction kettle into an oven at 100-300 ℃ for 5-10 h. After the hydrothermal method is finished, washing with cyclohexane and ethanol for three times respectively, and vacuum drying at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the lanthanum vanadate nanosheets.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-sheet to the lanthanum vanadate nano-sheet is 75-95:5-25.
Preferably, in the step (2), the inert gas is argon and/or nitrogen.
Preferably, in the step (2), the calcination condition is that the calcination is carried out at 200-500 ℃ for 1-5 h.
In another aspect, the invention provides a lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material prepared by the preparation method. According to the method, lanthanum vanadate nanosheets are successfully modified on the surface of graphite-phase carbon nitride, a perfect heterojunction structure is formed, and the method plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production.
According to the preparation method, dicyandiamide is used as a raw material, graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-sheets are prepared by calcining twice in an oxygen environment, lanthanum vanadate nano-sheets are prepared by a hydrothermal method, and finally smaller lanthanum vanadate nano-sheets are modified to the surface of graphite-phase carbon nitride by a calcining method under the action of intermolecular van der Waals force, so that a perfect heterostructure is formed. The lanthanum vanadate is introduced, so that the absorption capacity of the composite material to visible light is enhanced, and the composite material has proper band gap and good conductivity, so that the recombination rate of photo-generated electrons and photo-generated holes is reduced, and the photocatalytic performance of graphite-phase carbon nitride is greatly improved.
The invention also provides an application of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material in photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen, and furfuryl alcohol can be used as a hole scavenger to produce furfural.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the preparation method of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material is simple, raw materials are easy to obtain, the operation is simple and convenient, and the preparation method is very critical to industrial application;
2. according to the invention, the introduction of lanthanum vanadate can greatly improve the electron transmission efficiency, and can improve the absorption and utilization rate of graphite phase carbon nitride to visible light, so that the hydrogen production and decomposition efficiency of photocatalytic water is improved;
3. the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material is a photocatalyst with excellent performance, has high efficiency of decomposing water into hydrogen by photocatalysis and good stability, is favorable for recycling and reutilizing the photocatalyst, and can be applied to photocatalysis production of clean energy;
4. the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material disclosed by the invention is used for carrying out photocatalytic pyrolysis to produce hydrogen, meanwhile, the traditional hole scavenger is replaced by furfuryl alcohol in an oxidation half reaction, and the furfuryl alcohol is oxidized into furfural by photo-generated holes, so that the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material can be applied to medical and industrial production.
Drawings
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of graphite phase carbon nitride;
FIG. 2 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) of graphite phase carbon nitride;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope image of lanthanum vanadate;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite;
FIG. 5 is a transmission electron microscopy image of lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen;
FIG. 7 is an effect diagram of producing furfural chemicals;
fig. 8 is a graph showing the effect of photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the invention and practice it.
Example 1
1. Preparation of graphite phase carbon nitride nanosheets
Adding 50mg of dicyandiamide into a crucible, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace, setting a program to heat up to 550 ℃ from 20 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat and calcining for 4 hours, grinding graphite-phase carbon nitride obtained by the first sintering, continuously calcining for 2 hours under the same condition, and naturally cooling to obtain the graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-sheet.
Fig. 1 and 2 are SEM images and TEM images of graphite-phase carbon nitride, respectively, from which it can be observed that the prepared porous graphite-phase carbon nitride has a uniform size and a thin plate-like structure.
2. Preparation of lanthanum vanadate nanosheet material
5mL of deionized water and 0.6g of NaOH are added into a 25mL beaker, after the NaOH particles are dissolved, 0.06g of ammonium metavanadate is added, after the ammonium metavanadate is dissolved, 10mL of oleic acid and 10mL of ethanol are sequentially added, finally 1mL of 1mmol/mL of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate aqueous solution is added, after the aqueous solution is fully mixed, the aqueous solution is placed into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle with the volume of 25mL, and the reaction kettle is placed into an oven for reaction for 8 hours at the temperature of 140 ℃. After the hydrothermal method is finished, the nano lanthanum vanadate sheet is obtained by washing the nano lanthanum vanadate sheet with cyclohexane and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times and vacuum drying the nano lanthanum vanadate sheet at 50-70 ℃.
Fig. 3 is a TEM image of lanthanum vanadate, from which it can be seen that the lanthanum vanadate exhibits a regular thin nano-platelet structure.
3. Preparation of lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material
15mg of lanthanum vanadate nanosheets and 85mg of graphite phase carbon nitride nanosheets are put into a mortar to be ground for 0.5h, then the nanosheets are put into a quartz boat, calcined at 450 ℃ in an argon environment, and reacted for 2h to obtain the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material.
Fig. 4 and fig. 5 are SEM images and TEM images of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material, respectively, from which it can be clearly and intuitively seen that the lanthanum vanadate nano-sheet is successfully modified to the surface of the graphite phase carbon nitride sheet, so as to form a perfect heterojunction structure.
Example 2
20mg of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material prepared in example 1 is uniformly mixed with 90mL of deionized water, then the mixture is placed into a photocatalytic reactor, 10mL of triethanolamine is added, then 1.86mL of 3% chloroplatinic acid solution is added, the mixture is wrapped with tinfoil and is protected from light, the vacuum is pumped for 0.5h, the reaction is carried out, the water temperature is kept at 15 ℃, and a xenon lamp light source is turned on to start the photocatalytic reaction.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the effect of photocatalytic decomposition of aqueous hydrogen by the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material. From the graph, the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrolysis hydrogen production of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material is obviously superior to that of a graphite phase carbon nitride material or a lanthanum vanadate nanosheet material, and the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material has good stability.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of furfuryl alcohol as hole scavenger in producing furfuraldehyde chemical in the photocatalytic hydrolysis process of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material. In the figure, when furfuryl alcohol is used as a hole scavenger, the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrolysis of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material for producing hydrogen is also obviously superior to that of a graphite phase carbon nitride material or a lanthanum vanadate nanomaterial, and the efficiency of producing furfural is also obviously superior to that of a graphite phase carbon nitride material or a lanthanum vanadate nanomaterial.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the effect of the photocatalytic decomposition of water by lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material in a cyclic experiment for preparing hydrogen. The graph shows that the material has good recycling property, and still has high hydrogen gas separation effect after being used for four times, which indicates that the material has high potential industrial application value.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art based on the present invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material for preparing hydrogen by photocatalytic decomposition of water is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-sheets and lanthanum vanadate nano-sheets respectively;
the preparation method of the lanthanum vanadate nanosheets comprises the following steps:
dissolving ammonium metavanadate in an alkaline solution, adding oleic acid and an organic solvent, adding a lanthanum nitrate aqueous solution, and fully mixing to form a precursor; the organic solvent is selected from one or more of ethanol, methanol and cyclohexane;
reacting the precursor for 8-9 hours at 140-150 ℃ to obtain the lanthanum vanadate nanosheets;
(2) Mixing and grinding the graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-sheets and the lanthanum vanadate nano-sheets, and calcining under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain the lanthanum vanadate/graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-composite material;
the mass ratio of the graphite phase carbon nitride nano-sheet to the lanthanum vanadate nano-sheet is 75-95:5-25; the calcination condition is that the calcination is carried out for 1-5 hours at 200-500 ℃.
2. The method of preparing a lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite according to claim 1, wherein the precursor for preparing the graphite phase carbon nitride nanosheets is one or more selected from the group consisting of dicyandiamide, melamine, urea and thiourea.
3. The method for preparing the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material according to claim 2, wherein the precursor is calcined at 200-550 ℃ for 2-5 hours to obtain the graphite phase carbon nitride nano-sheet.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the inert gas is argon and/or nitrogen.
5. A lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material for preparing hydrogen by photocatalytic decomposition of water prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The use of the lanthanum vanadate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite material according to claim 5 for preparing hydrogen by photocatalytic decomposition of water, wherein furfuryl alcohol is used as a hole scavenger to synergistically generate furfural.
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