CN115582132A - High-efficient H of producing of photocatalysis 2 Method for simultaneously preparing furfural - Google Patents

High-efficient H of producing of photocatalysis 2 Method for simultaneously preparing furfural Download PDF

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CN115582132A
CN115582132A CN202211204994.XA CN202211204994A CN115582132A CN 115582132 A CN115582132 A CN 115582132A CN 202211204994 A CN202211204994 A CN 202211204994A CN 115582132 A CN115582132 A CN 115582132A
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furfuryl alcohol
catalyst
hydrogen
water
mos
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CN115582132B (en
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赵晨阳
晏新月
李希友
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China University of Petroleum East China
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/04—Sulfides
    • B01J27/047—Sulfides with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
    • B01J27/051—Molybdenum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
    • C07D307/46—Doubly bound oxygen atoms, or two oxygen atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
    • C07D307/48—Furfural
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a bifunctional catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol to synchronously reduce water to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen is a green high-energy potential energy source, and solar energy which can be obtained in large quantity is utilized, wherein furfuryl alcohol aqueous solution is used as a solvent, and MoS is adopted 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 Under the action of an S catalyst, an electron hole pair is generated through photocatalysis, a photoproduction hole oxidizes furfuryl alcohol into a product furfural with an additional value, and photoproduction electrons reduce water to obtain a product hydrogen, wherein an oxidation product exists in a liquid form, a reduction product hydrogen is generated in a gas form, and the two products are automatically separated. The reaction is carried out at normal temperature, and no extra sacrificial reagent is required to be provided. By varying the MoS 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 MoS in S catalyst 2 In accordance with the content ofIncrease the efficiency of the catalyst, results show 1% MoS 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 The maximum hydrogen yield of the S catalyst in 3h is 5841.9umol/g, the yield of furfural is 108.7umol, and the S catalyst is relatively pure Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 The S is remarkably improved, and the catalyst keeps good stability.

Description

High-efficient H of producing of photocatalysis 2 Method for simultaneously preparing furfural
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fine chemical engineering, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently producing H 2 And a photocatalysis method for preparing furfural.
Background
For the last 200 years, fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas have occupied the main body of energy in the world. In 2021, the proportion of fossil energy in the total energy consumption is more than 80%. However, these fossil energy sources are mainly derived from animals and plants buried under the ground for hundreds of years, belong to non-renewable energy sources, and have been gradually reduced. And the fossil energy can generate a large amount of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide gas and other pollution gases in the using process, which influences the ecological environment and further aggravates the global greenhouse effect. Therefore, it is important to actively search for alternative renewable energy sources.
Among all renewable energy sources, solar energy is widely concerned due to its green, clean, and widely available characteristics. Because of the photosensitivity of semiconductors, photo-generated electron and hole pairs are generated under the irradiation of light, and can initiate the oxidation-reduction reaction of adsorbed species, wherein metal sulfides (such as CdS and ZnS) are a common class in visible light catalysts.
Zn x Cd (1-x) S is a solid solution formed by CdS and ZnS, and the photocatalyst not only has a proper band gap position of the CdS, but also has the stability of the ZnS, and also has an adjustable energy band structure. This makes Zn x Cd (1-x) S has been studied extensively in recent photocatalytic research. However, according to previous studies, it was found that Zn x Cd (1-x) S has a problem of low charge separation efficiency, so that its practical application has a certain limitation. The problem of low charge separation efficiency is solved by modifying the photocatalyst (for example, forming a hybrid or heterojunction), so that the photocatalytic performance is improved, and the application range is expanded.
Currently, in studies on photocatalytic water decomposition, triethanolamine or lactic acid is mostly used as a sacrificial agent to consume holes, but it is not economical, wasteful, and environmentally friendly. To this end, the sacrificial agent can be converted into a valuable chemical. The oxidation half-reaction can convert the sacrificial agent into valuable organic chemicals by photogenerated holes. And the valuable oxidation products produced are present in liquid form, while the reduced H 2 In gaseous form, the two useful products are automatically separated, whichThe separation cost can be greatly reduced in industrial production. Common biomass furfuryl alcohol can be converted into high value-added chemical furfural through oxidation reaction. Furfural is a raw material for preparing a plurality of medicines and industrial products, and some derivatives of the furfural have strong bactericidal capacity and wide bacteriostatic action.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art and the requirements of research and application in the field, the project aims to provide a clean, environment-friendly, stable, efficient, green and economic high-efficiency H production 2 A method for preparing furfural simultaneously.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: by means of photocatalysis, a material obtained by compounding molybdenum disulfide rich in sulfur vacancies and twin crystal zinc cadmium sulfide is used as a photocatalyst by a two-step hydrothermal method, water is used as a solvent, a certain amount of furfuryl alcohol is added, and the bifunctional reaction of photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol and water reduction for hydrogen production is realized under the irradiation of normal temperature, normal pressure and visible light.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a bifunctional catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol to synchronously reduce water to produce hydrogen, which comprises the following steps:
equimolar amounts of zinc acetate dihydrate and cadmium acetate dihydrate were dissolved in deionized water, denoted as solution a, and excess thioacetamide was ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water, denoted as solution b. Exactly 5mL of 4mol/L NaOH was prepared and recorded as solution c. And dropwise adding the solution b into the solution a while stirring, stirring for 1 hour, then dropwise adding the solution c, continuing stirring for 1 hour, after the stirring is finished, filling the mixed solution into a 50mL stainless steel high-pressure reaction kettle containing a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, putting the stainless steel high-pressure reaction kettle into an oven, and heating for 24 hours at 180 ℃. Taking out, alternately washing with water and ethanol, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.c for 8 hr to obtain the final product.
Adding the synthesized twin crystal type cadmium zinc sulfide into a DMF solution for stirring and ultrasonic processing, then adding ammonium molybdate and thiourea with required amounts into the suspension, magnetically stirring for 0.5 hour, and after stirring is finished, dissolving the mixtureThe solution was charged to a 50mL stainless steel autoclave containing a polytetrafluoroethylene liner and heated in an oven at 200 ℃ for 24 hours. Taking out, washing with water and ethanol alternately, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.C for 8 hr to obtain the final product MoS used as bifunctional catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol while reducing water to produce hydrogen 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S。
The invention also provides application of the photocatalyst with double functions, and furfuryl alcohol is oxidized to produce a product with a high added value while water is subjected to photocatalytic reduction to produce hydrogen.
The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) preparing furfuryl alcohol aqueous solutions with different concentrations, and forming a homogeneous phase solvent by ultrasonic treatment; (2) adding a catalyst into the aqueous solution in the step (1), and forming a uniform suspension by ultrasonic treatment; (3) connecting the quartz reactor 2 to a hydrogen production tester, sealing the reactor and carrying out vacuum pumping bubbling in the system for 30min to completely remove dissolved air; (4) A300W xenon lamp is selected as a visible light source, and the irradiation area is about 16.6cm 2 The reactor maintains the reaction temperature at room temperature by circulating condensed water; (5) in the experimental process, inert gas is used as carrier gas, and an online gas chromatograph is used for analyzing the generated gas to obtain the yield of hydrogen; (6) after the reaction, the solution was centrifuged, and the supernatant was collected and the yield of the product was measured by liquid chromatography.
Preferably, in step (1), the total volume of the mixed aqueous solution is 40mL.
Preferably, in the step (1), the furfuryl alcohol is added at a concentration of 2.5mM, 5mM, 10mM, 12.5mM, 20mM, respectively.
Preferably, in step (2), the added catalysts are respectively Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S、0.5％MoS 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S、1％MoS 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S、2％MoS 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S、5％MoS 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S、。
Preferably, in step (4), the visible light is light having a wavelength of 420nm or more.
Preferably, in the step (5), the inert gas is high-purity nitrogen.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method utilizes the reducibility of electrons and the oxidability of holes generated in the green and environment-friendly photocatalysis process in MoS 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 Under the S composite photocatalyst system, a hydrogen energy source is prepared by respectively utilizing photo-induced electron reduction water, and meanwhile, furfuryl alcohol is oxidized into furfural by utilizing photo-induced holes. The method not only avoids harsh use conditions such as high temperature and strong reducing agent, but also solves the problems of high cost of the sacrificial agent and environmental pollution in the photocatalytic hydrolysis hydrogen production system.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a plot of the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate over time as performed in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photocatalytic 4 cycle stability test performed in example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the MoS% of the photocatalyst used in example 1 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 Structural characterization of S
FIG. 4 is a plot of the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate over time as performed in examples 1-5;
FIG. 5 is a plot of furfuryl alcohol conversion and furfural production over time as performed in examples 1-5;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate with time, which was conducted in examples 1, 6 to 9
Detailed Description
Example 1:
(1) preparing a furfuryl alcohol aqueous solution with the concentration of 10 mM: adding 39.24mg (0.4 mmol) of furfuryl alcohol into 40mL of water, and performing ultrasonic treatment to form a homogeneous solution; (2) adding 25mg1% MoS to the 10mM furfuryl alcohol aqueous solution in step (1) 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S, forming uniform suspension by ultrasonic; (3) connecting a 250ml quartz reactor to a hydrogen production tester, sealing the reactor and carrying out vacuum pumping bubbling in the system for 30min to completely remove dissolved air; (4) A300W xenon lamp is selected as a visible light source, and the irradiation area is about 16.6cm 2 The reactor maintains the reaction temperature in the chamber by circulating condensed waterWarming; (5) in the experimental process, inert gas is used as carrier gas, the generated gas is analyzed by an online gas chromatograph, the yield of hydrogen is 5841.9umol/g, and the yield of furfural for 3h is 108.7umol measured by high performance liquid chromatography.
Example 2:
steps (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) of this example were the same as example 1 except that step (1) was carried out to prepare an aqueous furfuryl alcohol solution at a concentration of 2.5 mM: 9.81mg (0.1 mmol) of furfuryl alcohol was added to 40mL of water and sonicated to form a homogeneous solution. The produced gas was analyzed by an on-line gas chromatograph to obtain a hydrogen yield of 2649.5umol/g.
Example 3:
the steps (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) of this example are the same as example 1, except that step (1) prepares an aqueous furfuryl alcohol solution at a concentration of 5 mM: 19.62mg (0.2 mmol) of furfuryl alcohol are added to 40mL of water and sonicated to form a homogeneous solution. The produced gas was analyzed by an on-line gas chromatograph to obtain a hydrogen yield of 3986.3umol/g.
Example 4:
the steps (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) of this example are the same as example 1, except that step (1) prepares an aqueous furfuryl alcohol solution at a concentration of 12.25 mM: 49.05mg (0.5 mmol) of furfuryl alcohol was added to 40mL of water and sonicated to form a homogeneous solution. The produced gas was analyzed by an on-line gas chromatograph to obtain a hydrogen yield of 4482.8umol/g.
Example 5:
steps (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) of this example were the same as those of example 1 except that step (1) was carried out to prepare an aqueous furfuryl alcohol solution at a concentration of 20 mM: 78.48mg (0.8 mmol) of furfuryl alcohol are added to 40mL of water and sonicated to form a homogeneous solution. The produced gas was analyzed by an on-line gas chromatograph to obtain a hydrogen yield of 4845.2umol/g.
Example 6:
steps (1), (3), (4), (5) and (6) of this example are the same as those of example 1 except that step (2) is carried out by adding 25mg of Zn to the 10mM aqueous furfuryl alcohol solution in step (1) 0.5 Cd 0.5 S, forming uniform suspension by ultrasonic treatment; the generated gas was analyzed by an on-line gas chromatograph to obtain a hydrogen yield of 639umol/g, and a furfural yield of 39.4umol was measured for 3 hours by high performance liquid chromatography.
Example 7:
steps (1), (3), (4), (5), (6) of this example were the same as example 1 except that step (2) was carried out by adding 25mg0.5% MoS to the 10mM aqueous furfuryl alcohol solution in step (1) 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S, forming uniform suspension by ultrasonic; the generated gas was analyzed by an on-line gas chromatograph to obtain a hydrogen yield of 4548.1umol/g, and a furfural yield of 89.9umol at 3h was measured by high performance liquid chromatography.
Example 8:
the steps (1), (3), (4), (5), (6) of this example are the same as example 1 except that step (2) adds 25mg2% MoS to the 10mM aqueous furfuryl alcohol solution in step (1) 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S, forming uniform suspension by ultrasonic; the generated gas was analyzed by an on-line gas chromatograph to obtain a hydrogen yield of 5353.6umol/g, and a furfural yield of 92.2umol at 3h was measured by high performance liquid chromatography.
Example 9:
steps (1), (3), (4), (5), (6) of this example are the same as those of example 1 except that step (2) adds 25mg5% MoS to the 10mM aqueous furfuryl alcohol solution in step (1) 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S, forming uniform suspension by ultrasonic; the generated gas is analyzed by an on-line gas chromatograph, the yield of the obtained hydrogen is 4165.5umol/g, and the yield of the furfural for 3h is 78.2umol by high performance liquid chromatography.
The above examples show that: by adopting the method provided by the invention, the reaction of hydrogen production and furfuryl alcohol oxidation to furfural can be realized at room temperature through the photocatalyst, and the process does not have high temperature and noble metal catalyst, thereby meeting the requirement of green chemistry.
The above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 9 are only representative embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way, and those skilled in the art can easily practice the present invention according to the drawings and the above description. However, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention; meanwhile, any changes, modifications, evolutions, etc. of the equivalent changes made to the above embodiment 2 according to the implementation technology of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a bifunctional catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol to synchronously reduce water to produce hydrogen is characterized by comprising the following steps: furfuryl alcohol is used as a raw material, water is used as a solvent, and furfural is obtained by oxidation while hydrogen is generated through a photocatalytic reaction under the action of molybdenum disulfide and twin crystal zinc cadmium sulfide composite catalyst, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding furfuryl alcohol with different concentrations into water, performing ultrasonic treatment to form a homogeneous solution, then adding molybdenum disulfide and a twin crystal zinc cadmium sulfide composite catalyst, and performing ultrasonic treatment to form a suspension;
(2) sealing the reactor, connecting the reactor to a hydrogen production tester, and vacuumizing and bubbling the reactor in the system for 30min to completely remove dissolved air;
(3) a 300W xenon lamp emits visible light into a reactor in a top illumination mode, the temperature of the reactor is controlled by water circulation condensation, hydrogen is generated and furfuryl alcohol is oxidized to obtain furfural after a certain reaction time;
(4) in the experimental process, inert gas is used as carrier gas, and an online gas chromatograph is used for analyzing the generated gas to obtain the yield of hydrogen;
(5) taking the solution after the reaction for 3 hours, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, and measuring the content of the reaction product by liquid chromatography.
2. The preparation method of the bifunctional catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol with simultaneous reduction of water to produce hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: the total volume of the aqueous solution after adding furfuryl alcohol in step (1) was 40mL.
3. The preparation method of the bifunctional catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol with simultaneous reduction of water to produce hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration of the furfuryl alcohol in the step (1) is 2.5mM-20mM.
4. The preparation method of the bifunctional catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol with simultaneous reduction of water to produce hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: moS described in step (1) 2 The loading content is 0-5%, expressed as Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S～5％MoS 2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S。
5. The preparation method of the bifunctional catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol with simultaneous reduction of water to produce hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: the visible light in the step (3) refers to light with the wavelength being more than or equal to 420 nm.
6. The method for preparing the bifunctional catalyst for hydrogen production by photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol with simultaneous reduction of water according to claim 1, wherein: the inert gas in the step (4) comprises high-purity nitrogen.
CN202211204994.XA 2022-10-06 High-efficient H that produces of photocatalysis2Method for simultaneously preparing furfural Active CN115582132B (en)

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