CN113660735B - Self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy and energy management method thereof - Google Patents
Self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy and energy management method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007958 sleep Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/001—Energy harvesting or scavenging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy and an energy management method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wireless sensing. The method comprises the following steps: the PMIC converts radio frequency energy input, and the threshold detection output PGOOD of the PMIC and the control outputs EN1 and EN2 of the MCU jointly control the output of an AND gate or an OR gate, so as to control the on-off of two load switches to realize the power supply of the PMIC energy output to the MCU, the sensor and the wireless communication module. The invention realizes the self-driving of the wireless sensing node powered by the radio frequency energy, ensures that the MCU can continuously work without power failure under the condition of abnormal communication or unstable radio frequency energy input, avoids data loss, does not sample the temperature of the sensor when the MCU detects that the PGOOD is low, enters a sleep mode, waits for the rising edge of the PGOOD to wake up, and transmits the data acquired last time after the wake-up, thereby avoiding data missing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy and an energy management method thereof, belonging to the technical field of wireless sensing.
Background
With the development of microelectronics, wireless communication and low-power consumption sensors in recent years, wireless sensor network technology has been greatly developed. The wireless sensor network has wide coverage range and a plurality of sensor nodes, and the traditional battery power supply mode has the problems of limited service life, high labor cost for replacing batteries, environmental pollution of waste batteries and the like. Therefore, the self-driven wireless sensing node capable of acquiring energy from the environment has wide application scenes. The energy in the nature is solar energy, temperature difference energy, radio frequency energy, wind energy, vibration energy and the like, wherein the radio frequency energy is not influenced by environmental changes and wiring, and is ubiquitous in space.
Common wireless sensing nodes are divided into an energy supply module, a sensor module, a microcontroller module and a wireless communication module. The energy consumption of the wireless communication module is far higher than that of other modules, so that an energy management method is needed, and the differentiated management energy supply module supplies energy to the sensor module, the microcontroller module and the wireless communication module with low energy consumption.
The radio frequency energy is weak and is greatly influenced by network flux and signal quality, the wireless communication module is also influenced by communication quality during communication, the conditions of error code retransmission and the like exist, and the problems of stop of work, information loss, missed transmission and the like of the self-driven wireless sensing node powered by the radio frequency energy possibly caused by huge energy consumption and instability of radio frequency energy input caused by repeated transmission are solved.
In summary, for the self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy, the problems in the prior art are as follows: the energy of the radio frequency energy is weak and is greatly influenced by network flux and signal quality, the wireless communication module can bring huge energy consumption due to error code retransmission influenced by communication quality, and the energy consumption of the wireless communication module for receiving and transmitting is far higher than that of other modules. There is a need for an energy management method that coordinates the above issues so that the radio frequency can drive the wireless sensor node to operate stably and reliably.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy and an energy management method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
The self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy comprises a radio frequency energy input module, a PMIC, an OR gate, an AND gate, a first load switch, a second load switch, a sensor, an MCU and a wireless communication module, wherein the radio frequency energy input module is electrically connected with the PMIC, the PMIC is respectively electrically connected with the OR gate, the first load switch, the AND gate and the second load switch, the first load switch is respectively electrically connected with the sensor and the MCU, the second load switch is electrically connected with the wireless communication module,
the PMIC is respectively connected with the OR gate, the AND gate and the MCU in signal connection, the MCU is respectively connected with the OR gate, the AND gate and the wireless communication module in signal connection, the OR gate is connected with the first load switch in signal connection, the AND gate is connected with the second load switch in signal connection, and the sensor is connected with the MCU in two-way signal connection.
Further, the radio frequency energy input module comprises an energy collection antenna, a rectifying circuit and a filtering circuit, wherein the collection antenna is used for collecting radio frequency wireless energy in the environment, the rectifying circuit and the filtering circuit are used for rectifying and filtering the radio frequency wireless energy, and finally, direct current is output.
An energy management method of a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy, based on the self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy,
s1, a power management chip PMIC performs voltage conversion on radio frequency energy input, output voltage Vout of the PMIC is respectively output to an OR gate and an AND gate, a threshold detection output signal PGOOD of the PMIC and an MCU jointly control the output of the AND gate and the OR gate, and the PGOOD is also input to the MCU as a signal;
s2, as the PMIC converts radio frequency energy input, vout gradually rises, after exceeding a high-voltage threshold, PGOOD is set high, or gate output is set high, a first load switch is turned on, and the MCU and the sensor are powered on;
s3, after the MCU is powered on, setting a control signal EN1 high;
s4, the MCU empties the acquisition data storage array, and periodically acquires sensor data until the data acquisition is completed;
s5, the MCU controls the second load switch to be conducted through a control signal EN2, so that the wireless communication module is electrified, collected sensor data are sent out through the wireless communication module, and then the second load switch is closed;
and S6, the MCU detects that the PGOOD is high, the step returns to the step S4, if the PGOOD is detected to be low, the sleep mode is entered to wait for the interruption trigger of the rising edge of the PGOOD, and the step S5 is executed after the interruption trigger.
Further, in S1, specifically, the control output EN1 of the MCU and the threshold detection output PGOOD of the PMIC take or control the on-off of the first load switch to supply power to the MCU and the sensor, the PMIC output voltage Vout reaches the preset high voltage threshold PGOOD output high, or the gate output high, the first load switch is turned on, and the MCU gets power.
Further, when the radio frequency energy input is unstable or the PMIC output voltage Vout is reduced to the PMIC low voltage threshold value due to the unstable factor of the wireless communication module transmission, the PMIC threshold value detection output is set low, the MCU control pin EN1 is always set high, the first load switch is still on, when the MCU detects that the PGOOD is set low, the sensor is not sampled any more, but enters a sleep mode, the rising edge of the PGOOD output of the PMIC is waited for interrupt wakeup, and the MCU is ensured not to be powered off.
Further, when the communication abnormality of the wireless communication module leads to overhigh power consumption and the PMIC output voltage drops to a low-voltage threshold value, the output of the AND gate is low, the second load switch is closed, the wireless communication module is powered off, electric energy is not consumed any more, the MCU detects the PGOOD level after executing an instruction for transmitting wireless data, if the instruction is low, the current power consumption is overhigh, sensor data is not acquired any more, the sleep mode is entered, the rising edge of the PGOOD output of the PMIC is waited for interrupt awakening, and the MCU resends the last data after awakening, so that data missing is avoided.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The on-off of the first load switch is controlled through taking or of the PGOOD and the EN1, the EN1 is always high after the MCU is electrified, when the PMIC output voltage is too low, the PGOOD is low, the EN1 is high, the singlechip can be ensured not to be powered off, the threshold range of the output voltage of the PMIC is improved, the data loss is avoided, and the reliability of the system is improved.
(2) PGOOD and EN2 control the second load switch break-make through AND gate jointly, have guaranteed to turn off the second load switch in time under the too big condition of instantaneous energy consumption, have avoided unnecessary consumption.
(3) The MCU detects the PGOOD after each data transmission, and if the PGOOD is detected to be high, the MCU empties the acquisition information, acquires the data, and transmits the data after the acquisition is completed; if the PGOOD is detected to be low, the acquired information is not cleared, but the system enters a dormant state and waits for the PGOOD to wake up at a high level, and then the last acquired data is retransmitted, so that the data missing is avoided through the operation mechanism.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a self-driven wireless sensor node powered by RF energy according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for energy management of a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy, which comprises a radio frequency energy input module, a PMIC, an OR gate, an AND gate, a first load switch, a second load switch, a sensor, an MCU and a wireless communication module, wherein the radio frequency energy input module is electrically connected with the PMIC, the PMIC is respectively and electrically connected with the OR gate, the first load switch, the AND gate and the second load switch, the first load switch is respectively and electrically connected with the sensor and the MCU, the second load switch is electrically connected with the wireless communication module,
the PMIC is respectively connected with the OR gate, the AND gate and the MCU in signal connection, the MCU is respectively connected with the OR gate, the AND gate and the wireless communication module in signal connection, the OR gate is connected with the first load switch in signal connection, the AND gate is connected with the second load switch in signal connection, and the sensor is connected with the MCU in two-way signal connection.
Further, the radio frequency energy input module comprises an energy collection antenna, a rectifying circuit and a filtering circuit, wherein the collection antenna is used for collecting radio frequency wireless energy in the environment, the rectifying circuit and the filtering circuit are used for rectifying and filtering the radio frequency wireless energy, and finally, direct current is output.
An energy management method of a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy, based on the self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy,
s1, a power management chip PMIC performs voltage conversion on radio frequency energy input, output voltage Vout of the PMIC is respectively output to an OR gate and an AND gate, a threshold detection output signal PGOOD of the PMIC and an MCU jointly control the output of the AND gate and the OR gate, and the PGOOD is also input to the MCU as a signal;
s2, as the PMIC converts radio frequency energy input, vout gradually rises, after exceeding a high-voltage threshold, PGOOD is set high, or gate output is set high, a first load switch is turned on, and the MCU and the sensor are powered on;
s3, after the MCU is powered on, setting a control signal EN1 high;
s4, the MCU empties the acquisition data storage array, and periodically acquires sensor data until the data acquisition is completed;
s5, the MCU controls the second load switch to be conducted through a control signal EN2, so that the wireless communication module is electrified, collected sensor data are sent out through the wireless communication module, and then the second load switch is closed;
and S6, the MCU detects that the PGOOD is high, the step returns to the step S4, if the PGOOD is detected to be low, the sleep mode is entered to wait for the interruption trigger of the rising edge of the PGOOD, and the step S5 is executed after the interruption trigger.
Specifically, as shown in S3 and S6, after the MCU is powered on, EN1 is set high, and even if the PMIC output voltage drops to the low voltage threshold, PGOOD becomes low, or the gate remains high, the first load switch remains on, the MCU is continuously powered off, so that the MCU is ensured to continuously work, and data loss is avoided.
And S4, after PGOOD is high and the MCU finishes collecting sensor data, the MCU controls EN2 to be set high, the second load switch is conducted, and the wireless communication module is powered on. And then the MCU sends the acquired data through the wireless communication module. If the wireless communication is abnormal, the data is retransmitted, or the radio frequency energy input is unstable, so that the PMIC output voltage is reduced to a low voltage threshold value, the PGOOD is set low, the AND gate is closed, the second load switch is turned off, and the wireless communication module does not consume power any more. Therefore, in each working cycle, as long as PGOOD is low, which indicates that the energy stored in the post-stage of the PMIC is insufficient, the second load switch is not turned on, the wireless communication module is not operated, and unnecessary energy consumption is avoided.
In each working cycle, after the MCU sends out the wireless data, detecting the PGOOD level, if the PGOOD level is low, determining that the problem exists in the data sending, not sampling the sensor in the working cycle, entering into dormancy, waiting for the PGOOD to reset to be high, interrupting the rising edge to wake up the MCU, sending out the wireless data sampled last time, and re-entering into the normal working cycle. This operating mechanism avoids data missing due to insufficient energy in the post-stage capacitance of the PMIC.
Further, in S1, specifically, the control output EN1 of the MCU and the threshold detection output PGOOD of the PMIC take or control the on-off of the first load switch to supply power to the MCU and the sensor, the PMIC output voltage Vout reaches the preset high voltage threshold PGOOD output high, or the gate output high, the first load switch is turned on, and the MCU gets power.
Specifically, the rf energy input is connected to the PMIC, and the voltage output Vout of the PMIC is applied to the or gate, the and gate, the first load switch, and the second load switch, and is applied to the second load switch. The OR gate and the AND gate are powered by Vout, and the first load switch and the second load switch are respectively controlled to be on-off by output signals of the OR gate and the AND gate.
The energy output of the first load switch is connected to the sensor and the MCU, the energy output of the second load switch is connected to the wireless communication module, and the MCU is respectively connected to the sensor and the wireless communication module.
At the beginning of system operation, radio frequency energy is input to a PMIC, after PMIC conversion and Vout rising, vout reaches a PMIC preset high voltage threshold value, a PMIC detection output signal PGOOD is set high, or gate output is high, a first load switch is conducted, the energy of the PMIC is transmitted to a sensor and an MCU, and then the MCU configures EN1 to be high.
The MCU starts to collect sensor data, after the collection is finished, EN2 is configured to be high, PGOOD is also high at the moment, the output of the AND gate is high, the second load switch is conducted, the wireless communication module is electrified, and then the MCU sends out the data through the wireless communication module. The MCU then re-enters the duty cycle for collecting sensor data.
Before each time of acquisition of sensor data, the MCU carries out level detection on the PGOOD, if the PGOOD is detected to be high, the MCU continues to acquire the sensor data, if the PGOOD is detected to be low, the MCU enters dormancy, waits for the interruption triggering of the rising edge of the PGOOD, and then starts a second load switch to transmit the last acquired data.
Further, when the radio frequency energy input is unstable or the PMIC output voltage Vout is reduced to the PMIC low voltage threshold value due to the unstable factor of the wireless communication module transmission, the PMIC threshold value detection output is set low, the MCU control pin EN1 is always set high, the first load switch is still on, when the MCU detects that the PGOOD is set low, the sensor is not sampled any more, but enters a sleep mode, the rising edge of the PGOOD output of the PMIC is waited for interrupt wakeup, the MCU is ensured not to be powered off, and the data loss is avoided.
Further, when the communication abnormality of the wireless communication module leads to overhigh power consumption and the PMIC output voltage drops to a low-voltage threshold value, the output of the AND gate is low, the second load switch is closed, the wireless communication module is powered off, electric energy is not consumed any more, the MCU detects the PGOOD level after executing an instruction for transmitting wireless data, if the instruction is low, the current power consumption is overhigh, sensor data is not acquired any more, the sleep mode is entered, the rising edge of the PGOOD output of the PMIC is waited for interrupt awakening, and the MCU resends the last data after awakening, so that data missing is avoided.
Specifically, the wireless communication module with high energy consumption, the MCU with low energy consumption and the sensor are distinguished through the first load switch and the second load switch. When the PMIC output voltage reaches a high-voltage threshold, the MCU and the sensor work first, and the second load switch is turned on after acquisition is completed, so that the wireless communication module is driven to send wireless data.
The high and low voltage thresholds of the PMIC can be configured by peripheral circuits, but the configurable voltage range is generally small and is 0.1-0.4V. By introducing EN1, the MCU is always kept high after being powered on. In addition to the fact that the energy is extremely low and the output voltage of the PMIC drops below the normal operating voltage of the MCU, the MCU stops operating accordingly, the EN1 keeps high level, the first load switch is always on, and the PMIC can always supply power to the MCU.
The above embodiments are only for aiding in understanding the method of the present invention and its core idea, and those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications in the specific embodiments and application scope according to the idea of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy is characterized by comprising a radio frequency energy input module, a PMIC, an OR gate, an AND gate, a first load switch, a second load switch, a sensor, an MCU and a wireless communication module, wherein the radio frequency energy input module is electrically connected with the PMIC, the PMIC is respectively and electrically connected with the OR gate, the first load switch, the AND gate and the second load switch, the first load switch is respectively and electrically connected with the sensor and the MCU, the second load switch is electrically connected with the wireless communication module,
the PMIC is respectively connected with the OR gate, the AND gate and the MCU in a signal mode, the MCU is respectively connected with the OR gate, the AND gate and the wireless communication module in a signal mode, the OR gate is connected with the first load switch in a signal mode, the AND gate is connected with the second load switch in a signal mode, and the sensor is connected with the MCU in a two-way signal mode.
2. The self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency energy input module comprises an energy collection antenna, a rectifying circuit and a filtering circuit, wherein the collection antenna is used for collecting radio frequency wireless energy in the environment, the rectifying circuit and the filtering circuit are used for rectifying and filtering the radio frequency wireless energy, and finally, direct current is output.
3. An energy management method of a self-driven wireless sensor node powered by radio frequency energy, which is based on the self-driven wireless sensor node powered by radio frequency energy according to any one of claims 1-2,
s1, a power management chip PMIC performs voltage conversion on radio frequency energy input, output voltage Vout of the PMIC is respectively output to an OR gate and an AND gate, a threshold detection output signal PGOOD of the PMIC and an MCU jointly control the output of the AND gate and the OR gate, and the PGOOD is also input to the MCU as a signal;
s2, as the PMIC converts radio frequency energy input, vout gradually rises, after exceeding a high-voltage threshold, PGOOD is set high, or gate output is set high, a first load switch is turned on, and the MCU and the sensor are powered on;
s3, after the MCU is powered on, setting a control signal EN1 high;
s4, the MCU empties the acquisition data storage array, and periodically acquires sensor data until the data acquisition is completed;
s5, the MCU controls the second load switch to be conducted through a control signal EN2, so that the wireless communication module is electrified, collected sensor data are sent out through the wireless communication module, and then the second load switch is closed;
and S6, the MCU detects that the PGOOD is high, the step returns to the step S4, if the PGOOD is detected to be low, the sleep mode is entered to wait for the interruption trigger of the rising edge of the PGOOD, and the step S5 is executed after the interruption trigger.
4. The method for energy management of a self-driven wireless sensor node powered by radio frequency energy according to claim 3, wherein in S1, specifically, the control output EN1 of the MCU and the threshold detection output PGOOD of the PMIC take or control the on-off of the first load switch to power the MCU and the sensor, the PMIC output voltage Vout reaches the preset high voltage threshold PGOOD output high, or the output of the gate is high, the first load switch is turned on, and the MCU gets electricity.
5. The method for energy management of a self-driven wireless sensor node powered by radio frequency energy according to claim 4, wherein when the input of radio frequency energy is unstable or the output voltage Vout of the PMIC is reduced to a low voltage threshold value of the PMIC due to the unstable transmission factor of the wireless communication module, the detection output of the PMIC is set low, the control pin EN1 of the MCU is always set high, the first load switch is still turned on, and when the MCU detects that PGOOD is set low, the sensor is not sampled any more, but enters a sleep mode, and waits for the rising edge of PGOOD output of the PMIC to interrupt and wake up, thereby ensuring that the MCU is not powered off.
6. The energy management method of a self-driven wireless sensor node powered by radio frequency energy according to claim 5, wherein the PMIC and the MCU are turned on to control the second load switch, when the communication abnormality of the wireless communication module causes excessive power consumption, the output voltage of the PMIC drops to a low voltage threshold, the output of the and gate is low, the second load switch is turned off, the wireless communication module is powered off, no more power is consumed, the MCU detects the PGOOD level after executing the instruction for transmitting wireless data, if the instruction is low, it indicates that the current power consumption is excessive, no more sensor data is acquired, but the MCU enters a sleep mode, waits for the PGOOD output rising edge of the PMIC to interrupt to wake up, and the MCU resends the last data after waking up, thereby avoiding data missing.
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