CN113659344A

CN113659344A - Parasitic coupling-based patch antenna and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN113659344A
Application number: CN202110791429.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王宇
Original assignee: Honor Device Co Ltd
Current assignee: Honor Device Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-13
Filing date: 2021-07-13
Publication date: 2021-11-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a parasitic coupling-based patch antenna and electronic equipment, relates to the field of electronic equipment, and can provide better bandwidth and radiation performance under a dual-port feed scene. The specific scheme is as follows: the patch antenna includes a main radiating structure, and at least one parasitic structure. The main radiating structure comprises at least one main radiator, the first parasitic structure comprises a first parasitic radiator, and the first parasitic structure is included in at least one parasitic structure. The main radiation structure is provided with a first short-circuit wall along a first direction, the main radiator is divided into a first part and a second part by the short-circuit wall, the first parasitic radiator is arranged in the first direction of the first part, the first parasitic radiator and the main radiator are separated by a first gap, and the first parasitic radiator performs electric field coupling through the first gap to realize parasitic action.

Description

Parasitic coupling-based patch antenna and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the field of electronic equipment, in particular to a patch antenna based on parasitic coupling and electronic equipment.

Background

The electronic equipment can provide wireless communication experience with the characteristics of low interception capability, high positioning accuracy and the like for users through an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology.

In UWB technology, a commonly used antenna scheme is a typical patch antenna scheme. With the increasing demand for miniaturization of electronic devices, it is necessary for the patch antenna to have a small size and to ensure good radiation performance.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a patch antenna and an electronic device based on parasitic coupling, which can provide better bandwidth and radiation performance under a dual-port feed scene. The antenna can be applied to electronic equipment for realizing wireless communication based on UWB technology.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

in a first aspect, a patch antenna based on parasitic coupling is provided, the patch antenna comprising a main radiating structure, and at least one parasitic structure. The main radiating structure comprises at least one main radiator, the first parasitic structure comprises a first parasitic radiator, and the first parasitic structure is included in at least one parasitic structure. The main radiation structure is provided with a first short circuit wall along a first direction, the short circuit wall divides the main radiation body into a first part and a second part, and the first part and the second part are respectively connected with different feed sources. The first parasitic radiator is arranged in a first direction of the first portion, the first parasitic radiator and the main radiator are separated by a first gap, and the first parasitic radiator performs electric field coupling through the first gap to realize parasitic action.

Based on this scheme, an example of a patch antenna having a parasitic structure is provided. In this example, the main radiator may have a short-circuit wall, thereby enabling 1/4 wavelength radiation based on patch antennas. Thereby achieving miniaturization with respect to the 1/2 wavelength. In addition, a parasitic structure is arranged near the main radiator, so that the parasitic structure can generate corresponding contribution to the working frequency band, and the effects of improving the bandwidth of the working frequency band and improving the radiation performance are achieved. It should be noted that, in this example, since the first short-circuit wall is disposed on the main radiator, an intersection line of the first short-circuit wall and the main radiator may be on a plane where the main radiator is located. For example, taking the main radiator as a rectangle, the first direction may be along the long side direction of the rectangle, and the first direction may also be along the short side direction of the rectangle.

In one possible design, the resonance generated by the first part of the main radiator is a first resonance covering a first frequency band, the resonance generated by the first parasitic radiator is a second resonance covering a second frequency band, and the second frequency band partially or completely coincides with the first frequency band. Based on the scheme, the working characteristics of the patch antenna with the structure are provided. Illustratively, the primary radiating structure may be used to excite a first resonance, which may cover an operating frequency band of the patch antenna. The parasitic structure can be used for generating second resonance, and the effect of improving the bandwidth and the radiation performance of the first resonance is achieved.

In a possible design, in the case where the second frequency band partially coincides with the first frequency band, the bandwidth of the first resonance is greater than the bandwidth of a third resonance that is a resonance generated by the first portion of the main radiator without the first parasitic radiator. Based on this scheme, a beneficial effect on the bandwidth of the first resonance after increasing the parasitic radiator is given. Illustratively, after the parasitic radiator is added, the parasitic resonance generated by the parasitic radiator can achieve the effect of expanding the edge radiation bandwidth of the first resonance even if the parasitic radiator is not completely overlapped with the first resonance, thereby achieving the effect of expanding the bandwidth of the first resonance.

In one possible design, the parasitic structure further includes a second shorting wall disposed on the first parasitic radiator. Based on this solution, a structural definition of the first parasitic radiator is provided. Based on this definition, the first parasitic radiator can be grounded back through the second short circuit wall, thereby enabling the 1/4-wavelength parasitic resonance to be excited even when the first parasitic radiator is in the form of a patch antenna, thereby achieving miniaturization of the antenna.

In a possible design, the second short-circuit wall is disposed on a first side of the first parasitic radiator, and an intersection line of a straight line on which the first side is located and the main radiator is opposite to the first short-circuit wall. Based on this solution, a possible definition of the relative positional relationship of the second short-circuit wall and the first short-circuit wall is provided. In this example, the second short-circuiting wall may be located at a position different in direction from the first short-circuiting wall. For example, while the first shorting wall is located to the left of the first portion, the second shorting wall may be located to the right of the first portion. For another example, where the first shorting wall is located to the right of the first portion, the second shorting wall may be located to the left of the first portion.

In a possible design, the first parasitic structure further includes a second parasitic radiator disposed in the first direction of the second portion, the second parasitic radiator being separated from the main radiator by the first slot, the second parasitic radiator being parasitic by electric field coupling through the first slot. Based on the scheme, the composition of the patch antenna is further provided. As explained in connection with the foregoing, the first short-circuit wall may divide the main radiator into two parts, which may include the second part. Similar to the first part, the second part may also be used to generate corresponding resonances, covering the operating band. In this example, the second parasitic radiator may be provided to achieve the effect of expanding the bandwidth and radiation performance of the second portion.

In one possible design, the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator are spaced apart. Based on this solution, a location definition of the first and second parasitic radiators is provided. Based on this scheme, the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator may be two separate radiators. In some examples, both the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator may be grounded through the shorting wall. For example, the short-circuit wall of the first parasitic radiator may be located at the edge of the negative direction of the X-axis. The short-circuit wall of the second parasitic radiator may be located at the edge of the positive X-axis. The ungrounded X axial edges of the first and second parasitic radiators are oppositely disposed and separated by a gap.

In a possible design, the resonance generated by the second part of the main radiator is a fourth resonance covering a third frequency band, the resonance generated by the second parasitic radiator is a fifth resonance covering a fourth frequency band, and the third frequency band partially or completely coincides with the fourth frequency band. Based on the scheme, a bandwidth extension example in the process that the resonance generated by the second part covers the working frequency band is provided. For example, the parasitic resonance that is close to or the same as the resonance frequency band generated by the second part, that is, the parasitic resonance generated by the second parasitic radiator, may completely or partially coincide with the resonance frequency band generated by the second part, thereby implementing the extension of the resonance generated by the second part.

In a possible design, in case the third frequency band partially coincides with the fourth frequency band, the bandwidth of the fourth resonance is larger than the bandwidth of a sixth resonance, which is the resonance generated by the second part of the main radiator without the second parasitic radiator. Based on this scheme, an effect limitation of expanding the bandwidth of the fourth resonance is provided. I.e. the resonance bandwidth after increasing the parasitic extension is significantly improved compared to the resonance bandwidth before increasing the parasitic extension.

In one possible design, the area of the first portion is larger than the area of the second portion, and the first frequency band is lower than the third frequency band. Based on the scheme, the first part and the second part can simultaneously work to cover at least two working frequency bands. By combining the design, the patch antenna provided by the embodiment of the application can achieve the effect of expanding the bandwidths of at least two working frequency bands.

In one possible design, the patch antenna is applied for radiation based on ultra-wideband UWB technology, the first frequency band being comprised in [6.25GHz, 6.75GHz ], the third frequency band being comprised in [7.75GHz, 8.25GHz ]. Based on the scheme, a specific implementation scenario example of the patch antenna provided by the embodiment of the application is provided. For example, the patch antenna may be applied in the context of UWB technology.

In one possible design, the patch antenna further includes a second parasitic structure included in at least one of the parasitic structures, the second parasitic structure being symmetrical to the first parasitic structure with respect to a first centerline of the main radiator, the first centerline being a centerline perpendicular to the first direction. Based on the scheme, a further parasitic structure arrangement scheme is provided, namely a second parasitic structure can be arranged on the other side of the main radiator, and the second parasitic structure and the first parasitic structure can have the same structural composition, so that the parasitic effect is further increased, and the bandwidth and the radiation performance of the working frequency band are improved.

In a second aspect, there is provided an electronic device provided with at least one processor, a radio frequency module, and at least one patch antenna as described in the first aspect and any one of its possible designs; when the electronic equipment transmits or receives signals, the signals are transmitted or received through the radio frequency module and the patch antenna.

In one possible design, the transmission or reception of the signal is based on the transmission or reception of signals of UWB technology.

It should be understood that, technical features of the technical solution provided by the second aspect may all correspond to the patch antenna provided by the first aspect and possible designs thereof, and therefore, similar beneficial effects can be achieved, and details are not described herein.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna installation area;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a UWB antenna;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary patch antenna;

fig. 4 is a schematic composition diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic composition diagram of another electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a UWB antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8A is a schematic diagram of another patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8B is a schematic diagram of another patch antenna provided in the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of another patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of another patch antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of S11 according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of radiation efficiency provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a system efficiency simulation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a gain simulation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 15 is a schematic simulation diagram of another S parameter provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 16 is a schematic simulation diagram of another S parameter provided in the embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

UWB technology may not require the use of carriers in conventional communication regimes, but rather transmits data by sending and receiving extremely narrow pulses having nanosecond or subnanosecond levels, thereby having bandwidths on the order of GHz. UWB technology also provides accurate positioning, such as enabling accurate indoor positioning.

Illustratively, in conjunction with fig. 1, a cellular phone, which is an electronic device providing wireless communication based on UWB technology, is taken as an example. The mobile phone can realize accurate positioning of other electronic devices (such as a card provided with an electronic tag, and/or a smart watch) shown in fig. 1 through UWB technology. For example, taking positioning a card provided with an electronic tag as an example, a mobile phone may interact with a card to be positioned through UWB-based wireless communication, so as to determine a distance and an included angle of a path 1 corresponding to a position of the card to be positioned, thereby determining a specific coordinate of the card to be positioned in a polar coordinate centered on the mobile phone; therefore, the positioning of the card to be positioned is realized. Similarly, when the smart watch is positioned, the mobile phone can interact with the smart watch to be positioned through UWB-based wireless communication, so that the distance and the included angle of the path 2 corresponding to the position of the smart watch to be positioned are determined, and the specific coordinate of the smart watch to be positioned is determined under the polar coordinate with the mobile phone as the center. Therefore, the intelligent watch to be positioned is positioned.

The electronic device can realize wireless communication based on the UWB technology by arranging the UWB antenna. Illustratively, in conjunction with FIG. 2, a plurality of UWB antennas may be provided in an electronic device. For example, in some implementations, three UWB antennas as shown in fig. 2 may be provided in the electronic device. The relative positions of the three UWB antennas may be as shown in fig. 2. Therefore, the three UWB antennas can respectively carry out wireless communication with equipment to be positioned (such as a smart watch), and accordingly the polar coordinates of the position of the smart watch based on each UWB antenna are respectively determined. In combination with the location of the three UWB antennas in the electronic device, the electronic device can accurately determine the location of the smart watch. It should be noted that, in general, in order to ensure the normal operation of the UWB antenna, the operating frequency band of the UWB antenna may cover 6.5GHz (e.g., 6.25GHz-6.75GHz) and 8GHz (e.g., 7.75GHz-8.25 GHz). For convenience of explanation, in the following description, a plurality of antennas implementing a UWB antenna after a plurality of antenna arrays are referred to as a UWB antenna group. For example, in the example of FIG. 2, an antenna group of UWB antennas may include three UWB antennas.

In some implementations, because the UWB antenna needs to simultaneously implement the coverage of the 6.5GHz band (abbreviated as 6.5GHz) and the 8GHz band (abbreviated as 8GHz), a dual feed mode can be adopted, and two feed points are adopted to feed the 6.5GHz feed source and the 8GHz feed source to the UWB antenna, respectively, thereby obtaining better flexibility of different band operations.

Illustratively, fig. 3 shows a top view of a UWB antenna having a dual feed form. In the present example, the UWB antenna may be implemented by a patch antenna. A short wall penetrating the radiator may be provided on the radiator of the patch antenna, and the short wall may divide the radiator into a first portion and a second portion. Taking the area of the first portion larger than that of the second portion as an example, the first portion can realize 6.5GHz coverage under the feeding excitation of the 6.5GHz feed source arranged thereon. Similarly, the second portion may achieve 8GHz coverage under feed excitation of an 8GHz feed provided thereon.

In the example of fig. 3, a reference ground may also be provided below the antenna radiator of the patch antenna, which may be implemented by a metal floor, for example. Through the arrangement of the reference ground, the patch antenna can realize excitation of 6.5GHz and 8 GHz. It will be appreciated that patch antennas (i.e., patch antennas) may, when operated, cover the operating band by exciting its 1/2 wavelength mode. In the example shown in fig. 3, the 1/4 wavelength mode excitation is achieved due to the addition of a short-circuit wall to the antenna radiator. So that the first and second portions can cover 6.5GHz and 8GHz, respectively, by the 1/4 wavelength mode. Therefore, the sizes (such as the area, the side length and the like) of the first part and the second part can be reduced from the corresponding size of 1/2 wavelength to 1/4 wavelength, thereby realizing the miniaturized design of the antenna. In addition, due to the design of the short-circuit wall, the feed signals of 6.5GHz and 8GHz can be well isolated, so that flexible configuration of two frequency bands is realized.

From the above description, it can be understood that the patch antenna can achieve the coverage of 6.5GHz and 8GHz based on the description as shown in fig. 3. Each frequency band may be covered by one resonance of the 1/4 wavelength mode. With the development of electronic devices, the space available for the UWB antenna is smaller and smaller, so that the antenna shown in fig. 3 cannot provide good bandwidth and radiation performance when covering the operating frequency band through one resonance. For the 6.5GHz frequency band with lower frequency, the bandwidth is narrower, and the radiation performance is worse.

In order to solve the above problem, embodiments of the present application provide a patch antenna, which can avoid the problem of insufficient bandwidth and radiation performance caused by one resonant coverage operating frequency band (e.g., 6.5GHz and/or 8GHz) through the arrangement of a parasitic structure, without increasing the size of the patch antenna.

The scheme provided by the embodiment of the application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be noted that the patch Antenna (patch Antenna) scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an electronic device of a user. The electronic device may be provided with an antenna, which may be used to support the electronic device for wireless communication functions. Such as implementing UWB technology-based wireless communication for electronic devices. As an example, the electronic device may be a portable mobile device such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), an Augmented Reality (AR) \ Virtual Reality (VR) device, a media player, and may also be a wearable electronic device such as a smart watch. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific form of the apparatus.

Please refer to fig. 4, which is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 4, the electronic device 400 may include a processor 410, an external memory interface 420, an internal memory 421, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface 430, a charging management module 440, a power management module 441, a battery 442, an antenna 1, an antenna 2, a mobile communication module 450, a wireless communication module 460, an audio module 470, a speaker 470A, a receiver 470B, a microphone 470C, an earphone interface 470D, a sensor module 480, keys 490, a motor 491, an indicator 492, a camera 493, a display screen 494, a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card interface 495, and the like. Among them, the sensor module 480 may include a pressure sensor, a gyroscope sensor, an air pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a distance sensor, a proximity light sensor, a fingerprint sensor, a temperature sensor, a touch sensor, an ambient light sensor, a bone conduction sensor, etc.

It is to be understood that the illustrated structure of the present embodiment does not constitute a specific limitation to the electronic device 400. In other embodiments, electronic device 400 may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or a different arrangement of components. The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

Processor 410 may include one or more processing units, such as: the processor 410 may include an Application Processor (AP), a modem processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), an Image Signal Processor (ISP), a controller, a memory, a video codec, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a baseband processor, and/or a neural-Network Processing Unit (NPU), among others. The different processing units may be separate devices or may be integrated into one or more of the processors 410. As an example, in the present application, the ISP may process the image, such as the processing may include Automatic Exposure (Automatic Exposure), Automatic focusing (Automatic Focus), Automatic White Balance (Automatic White Balance), denoising, backlight compensation, color enhancement, and the like. Among them, the process of auto exposure, auto focus, and auto white balance may also be referred to as 3A process. After processing, the ISP can obtain the corresponding photo. This process may also be referred to as the sheeting operation of the ISP.

In some embodiments, processor 410 may include one or more interfaces. The interface may include an integrated circuit (I2C) interface, an integrated circuit built-in audio (I2S) interface, a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) interface, a Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI), a general-purpose input/output (GPIO) interface, a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) interface, and/or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, etc.

The electronic device 400 may implement a shooting function through the ISP, the camera 493, the video codec, the GPU, the display screen 494, the application processor, and the like.

The ISP is used to process the data fed back by the camera 493. For example, when taking a picture, the shutter is opened, light is transmitted to the light sensing element of the camera 493 through the lens, the light signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the light sensing element of the camera 493 transmits the electrical signal to the ISP for processing and converting into an image visible to naked eyes. The ISP can also carry out algorithm optimization on the noise, brightness and skin color of the image. The ISP can also optimize parameters such as exposure, color temperature and the like of a shooting scene. In some embodiments, the ISP may be provided in camera 493.

The camera 493 is used to capture still images or video. The object generates an optical image through the lens and projects the optical image to the photosensitive element. The photosensitive element may be a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor. The light sensing element converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, which is then passed to the ISP where it is converted into a digital image signal. And the ISP outputs the digital image signal to the DSP for processing. The DSP converts the digital image signal into image signal in standard RGB, YUV and other formats. In some embodiments, electronic device 400 may include one or N cameras 493, N being a positive integer greater than 1.

The digital signal processor is used for processing digital signals, and can process digital image signals and other digital signals. For example, when the electronic device 400 selects a frequency bin, the digital signal processor is used to perform fourier transform or the like on the frequency bin energy.

Video codecs are used to compress or decompress digital video. The electronic device 400 may support one or more video codecs. In this way, the electronic device 400 may play or record video in a variety of encoding formats, such as: moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) 1, MPEG2, MPEG3, MPEG4, and the like.

The NPU is a neural-network (NN) computing processor that processes input information quickly by using a biological neural network structure, for example, by using a transfer mode between neurons of a human brain, and can also learn by itself continuously. Applications such as intelligent recognition of the electronic device 400 can be implemented by the NPU, for example: image recognition, face recognition, speech recognition, text understanding, and the like.

The charging management module 440 is configured to receive charging input from a charger. The charger may be a wireless charger or a wired charger. In some wired charging embodiments, the charging management module 440 may receive charging input from a wired charger via the USB interface 430. In some wireless charging embodiments, the charging management module 440 may receive a wireless charging input through a wireless charging coil of the electronic device 400. While the charging management module 440 charges the battery 442, the electronic device 400 may be powered by the power management module 441.

The power management module 441 is used to connect the battery 442, the charging management module 440 and the processor 410. The power management module 441 receives input from the battery 442 and/or the charging management module 440 and provides power to the processor 410, the internal memory 421, the external memory, the display 494, the camera 493, the wireless communication module 460, and the like. The power management module 441 may also be used to monitor the capacity of the battery 442, the number of cycles of the battery 442, the health (leakage, impedance) of the battery 442, and other parameters. In some other embodiments, the power management module 441 may be disposed in the processor 410. In other embodiments, the power management module 441 and the charging management module 440 may be disposed in the same device.

The wireless communication function of the electronic device 400 may be implemented by the antenna 1, the antenna 2, the mobile communication module 450, the wireless communication module 460, the modem processor 410, the baseband processor 410, and the like.

The

antennas

1 and 2 are used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals. Each antenna in electronic device 400 may be used to cover a single or multiple communication bands. Different antennas can also be multiplexed to improve the utilization of the antennas. For example: the antenna 1 may be multiplexed as a diversity antenna of a wireless local area network. In other embodiments, the antenna may be used in conjunction with a tuning switch.

The mobile communication module 450 may provide a solution including 2G/3G/4G/5G wireless communication applied on the electronic device 400. The mobile communication module 450 may include at least one filter, a switch, a power amplifier, a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), and the like. The mobile communication module 450 may receive the electromagnetic wave from the antenna 1, and filter, amplify, etc. the received electromagnetic wave, and transmit the electromagnetic wave to the modem processor for demodulation. The mobile communication module 450 can also amplify the signal modulated by the modem processor, and convert the signal into electromagnetic wave through the antenna 1 to radiate the electromagnetic wave. In some embodiments, at least some of the functional modules of the mobile communication module 450 may be disposed in the processor 410. In some embodiments, at least some of the functional blocks of the mobile communication module 450 may be disposed in the same device as at least some of the blocks of the processor 410.

The modem processor may include a modulator and a demodulator. The modulator is used for modulating a low-frequency baseband signal to be transmitted into a medium-high frequency signal. The demodulator is used for demodulating the received electromagnetic wave signal into a low-frequency baseband signal. The demodulator then passes the demodulated low frequency baseband signal to a baseband processor for processing. The low frequency baseband signal is processed by the baseband processor and then transferred to the application processor. The application processor outputs sound signals through an audio device (not limited to the speaker 470A, the receiver 470B, etc.) or displays images or video through the display screen 494. In some embodiments, the modem processor may be a stand-alone device. In other embodiments, the modem processor may be separate from the processor 410, and may be located in the same device as the mobile communication module 450 or other functional modules.

The wireless communication module 460 may provide a solution for wireless communication applied to the electronic device 400, including Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) (e.g., wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), bluetooth (bluetooth, BT), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Frequency Modulation (FM), Near Field Communication (NFC), Infrared (IR), and the like. The wireless communication module 460 may be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module. The wireless communication module 460 receives electromagnetic waves via the antenna 2, performs frequency modulation and filtering processing on electromagnetic wave signals, and transmits the processed signals to the processor 410. The wireless communication module 460 may also receive a signal to be transmitted from the processor 410, perform frequency modulation and amplification on the signal, and convert the signal into electromagnetic waves through the antenna 2 to radiate the electromagnetic waves.

In some embodiments, antenna 1 of electronic device 400 is coupled to mobile communication module 450 and antenna 2 is coupled to wireless communication module 460, such that electronic device 400 may communicate with networks and other devices via wireless communication techniques. The wireless communication technology may include global system for mobile communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), code division multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), time-division code division multiple access (time-division code division multiple access, TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE, BT, GNSS, WLAN, NFC, FM, and/or IR technologies, etc. The GNSS may include a Global Positioning System (GPS), a global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), a beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), a quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS), and/or a Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS).

In some embodiments of the present application, the wireless communication module 460 in the electronic device 400 may also be used to support UWB communications. For example, the wireless communication module 460 may implement UWB communication together with a UWB antenna (or a UWB antenna group) included in the antenna 2.

The electronic device 400 implements display functionality via the GPU, the display screen 494, and the application processor 410, among other things. The GPU is an image processing microprocessor connected to a display screen 494 and an application processor. The GPU is used to perform mathematical and geometric calculations for graphics rendering. Processor 410 may include one or more GPUs that execute program instructions to generate or alter display information.

The display screen 494 is used to display images, videos, and the like. The display screen 494 includes a display panel. The display panel may adopt a liquid crystal display 494 (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode, AMOLED), a flexible light-emitting diode (FLED), a miniature, a Micro-oeld, a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED), and the like. In some embodiments, the electronic device 400 may include one or N display screens 494, N being a positive integer greater than 1.

The external memory interface 420 may be used to connect an external memory card, such as a Micro SD card, to extend the memory capability of the electronic device 400. The external memory card communicates with the processor 410 through the external memory interface 420 to implement data storage functions. For example, files such as music, video, etc. are saved in an external memory card.

The internal memory 421 may be used to store computer-executable program code, including instructions. The processor 410 executes various functional applications of the electronic device 400 and data processing by executing instructions stored in the internal memory 421. The internal memory 421 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The storage program area may store an operating system, an application program (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.) required by at least one function, and the like. The storage data area may store data (e.g., audio data, phone book, etc.) created during use of the electronic device 400, and the like. In addition, the internal memory 421 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may further include a nonvolatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, a universal flash memory (UFS), and the like.

Electronic device 400 may implement audio functions via audio module 470, speaker 470A, microphone 470C, headset interface 470D, and applications processor 410, among other things. Such as music playing, recording, etc.

The audio module 470 is used to convert digital audio information into an analog audio signal output and also used to convert an analog audio input into a digital audio signal. The audio module 470 may also be used to encode and decode audio signals. In some embodiments, the audio module 470 may be disposed in the processor 410, or some functional modules of the audio module 470 may be disposed in the processor 410. The speaker 470A, also called a "horn", is used to convert the audio electrical signals into sound signals. The electronic device 400 may listen to music through the speaker 470A or listen to a hands-free conversation. The receiver 470B, also called "earpiece", is used to convert the electrical audio signal into an acoustic signal. When the electronic device 400 receives a call or voice information, it can receive voice by placing the receiver 470B close to the ear of the person. The microphone 470C, also referred to as a "microphone," is used to convert sound signals into electrical signals. When a call is placed or a voice message is sent or it is desired to trigger the electronic device 400 by a voice assistant to perform some function, a user may speak via his or her mouth near the microphone 470C to input a voice signal into the microphone 470C. The electronic device 400 may be provided with at least one microphone 470C. In other embodiments, the electronic device 400 may be provided with two microphones 470C to achieve noise reduction functions in addition to collecting sound signals. In other embodiments, the electronic device 400 may further include three, four or more microphones 470C to collect sound signals, reduce noise, identify sound sources, perform directional recording, and so on. The earphone interface 470D is used to connect a wired earphone. The headset interface 470D may be the USB interface 430 or may be an open mobile electronic device 400 platform (OMTP) standard interface of 3.5mm, a cellular telecommunications industry association (cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA, CTIA) standard interface.

Touch sensors, also known as "touch panels". The touch sensor may be disposed on the display screen 494, and the touch sensor and the display screen 494 form a touch screen, which is also called a "touch screen". The touch sensor is used to detect a touch operation applied thereto or nearby. The touch sensor can communicate the detected touch operation to the application processor to determine the touch event type. In some embodiments, visual output related to touch operations may be provided through the display screen 494. In other embodiments, the touch sensor can be disposed on a surface of the electronic device 400 at a different location than the display screen 494.

The pressure sensor is used for sensing a pressure signal and converting the pressure signal into an electric signal. In some embodiments, the pressure sensor may be disposed on the display screen 494. There are many types of pressure sensors, such as resistive pressure sensors, inductive pressure sensors, capacitive pressure sensors, and the like. The capacitive pressure sensor may be a sensor comprising at least two parallel plates having an electrically conductive material. When a force acts on the pressure sensor, the capacitance between the electrodes changes. The electronic device 400 determines the strength of the pressure from the change in capacitance. When a touch operation is applied to the display screen 494, the electronic apparatus 400 detects the intensity of the touch operation based on the pressure sensor. The electronic apparatus 400 may also calculate the position of the touch from the detection signal of the pressure sensor. In some embodiments, the touch operations that are applied to the same touch position but different touch operation intensities may correspond to different operation instructions. For example: and when the touch operation with the touch operation intensity smaller than the first pressure threshold value acts on the short message application icon, executing an instruction for viewing the short message. And when the touch operation with the touch operation intensity larger than or equal to the first pressure threshold value acts on the short message application icon, executing an instruction of newly building the short message. The gyro sensor may be used to determine the motion pose of the electronic device 400. The acceleration sensor may detect the magnitude of acceleration of the electronic device 400 in various directions (typically three axes). A distance sensor for measuring a distance. The electronic device 400 may measure the distance by infrared or laser. The electronic device 400 can utilize the proximity light sensor to detect that the user holds the electronic device 400 close to the ear for talking, so as to automatically turn off the screen for power saving. The ambient light sensor is used for sensing the ambient light brightness. The fingerprint sensor is used for collecting fingerprints. The temperature sensor is used for detecting temperature. In some embodiments, the electronic device 400 implements a temperature processing strategy using the temperature detected by the temperature sensor. The audio module 470 can analyze a voice signal based on the vibration signal of the bone mass vibrated by the sound part obtained by the bone conduction sensor, so as to realize a voice function. The application processor can analyze heart rate information based on the blood pressure beating signals acquired by the bone conduction sensor, and a heart rate detection function is realized.

The keys 490 include a power-on key, a volume key, etc. The motor 491 may generate a vibration indication. The indicator 492 may be an indicator light, and may be used to indicate a charging status, a change in charge level, or a message, a missed call, a notification, etc. The SIM card interface 495 is used to connect a SIM card. The electronic device 400 may support one or N SIM card interfaces 495, N being a positive integer greater than 1. The SIM card interface 495 may support a Nano SIM card, a Micro SIM card, a SIM card, etc. Multiple cards can be inserted into the same SIM card interface 495 at the same time. The SIM card interface 495 may also be compatible with different types of SIM cards. The SIM card interface 495 may also be compatible with an external memory card. The electronic device 400 interacts with the network through the SIM card to implement functions such as communication and data communication. In some embodiments, the electronic device 400 employs esims, namely: an embedded SIM card. The eSIM card can be embedded in the electronic device 400 and cannot be separated from the electronic device 400.

The patch antenna schemes provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to electronic devices having the composition shown in fig. 4. Illustratively, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the antenna 2 to improve the bandwidth and the radiation performance of the operating frequency band while ensuring miniaturization. In this embodiment of the application, the radiation performance may be identified by radiation efficiency and/or system efficiency, and the higher the radiation efficiency and/or system efficiency is, the higher the radiation performance of the antenna is, and the better communication quality can be brought to the electronic device correspondingly.

It should be noted that the composition of the electronic device shown in fig. 4 is only an example. And is not intended to limit the application environment of the solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. For example, in some embodiments, electronic device 400 may also have other compositions.

Illustratively, in conjunction with fig. 5, a communication module may be disposed in the electronic device for implementing a wireless communication function of the electronic device. For example, in the UWB communication scenario, the communication module may correspond to the wireless communication module 460 and the antenna 2 as shown in fig. 4, and a corresponding processor, such as a baseband processor corresponding to UWB.

In an example as shown in fig. 5, the communication module may include an antenna, a radio frequency module coupled to the antenna, and a processor. Take the case that the communication module realizes the wireless communication based on the UWB technology of the electronic equipment. The antenna may be a UWB antenna. In the embodiment of the present application, the UWB antenna may be a patch antenna provided in the following description. The rf module may include filters, power amplifiers, and/or rf switches for rf-domain processing of the UWB transceiver signals. The processor may include a UWB baseband processor, which may be coupled to the radio frequency module for digital domain processing of UWB transceiver signals.

In some embodiments, a UWB antenna group consisting of a plurality of UWB antennas may be provided in the electronic device. For example, referring to fig. 6, taking an electronic device as a mobile phone as an example, the UWB antenna group may include three UWB antennas. Any one or more of these three UWB antennas may be a patch antenna as provided by embodiments of the present application.

It should be noted that, in the example of fig. 6, the UWB antenna may radiate from the back of the mobile phone toward the screen when in operation. That is, in the example of fig. 6, the positive Z-axis direction may be a direction perpendicular to the direction of the handset out of the screen, starting from the back of the handset. Of course, in other embodiments, when the radiation direction of the UWB antenna is a direction from the screen to the outside of the back of the mobile phone, the positive direction of the Z axis may also be a direction perpendicular to the screen of the mobile phone to the outside of the back of the mobile phone. In the following example, the positive direction of the Z axis is taken as an example from the back of the mobile phone to the outside of the screen, and the composition and the function of the patch antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application are described in detail.

In addition, in the case where the positive direction of the Z axis is perpendicular to the mobile phone from the back of the mobile phone to the outside of the screen, the positive direction of the Y axis may be a direction perpendicular to the Z axis, which points from the bottom center to the top center of the mobile phone. The positive direction of the X axis can be a direction which is vertical to the Z axis and the Y axis and points from the center of one side edge of the mobile phone to the center of the other side edge.

The patch antenna provided by the embodiment of the application has a main radiation structure and at least one parasitic structure. The main radiation structure is similar to the patch antenna shown in fig. 3, but due to the existence of at least one parasitic structure, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can enable the size of the patch antenna not to exceed the size of the scheme shown in fig. 3, and realize dual-frequency coverage of an operating frequency band (such as 6.5GHz and/or 8GHz), that is, meet the miniaturization requirement of the antenna. Through subsequent simulation verification, it can be fully demonstrated that the scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can effectively expand the bandwidth and improve the radiation performance.

As an example, the patch antenna includes two parasitic structures.

In conjunction with fig. 7, the patch antenna provided by the present example may include a main radiating structure, and a first parasitic structure and a second parasitic structure. In which (a) in fig. 7 shows a top view of the patch antenna provided by the present example. Fig. 7 (b) shows a side view of the patch antenna provided in the present application. The cut plane of the side view may be the cut plane of the XOY plane through the main radiating structure.

As shown in (a) of fig. 7, the main radiation structure may include a radiator, and a short-circuit wall disposed on the radiator. The size of the radiator may be determined according to the wavelength of the operating band. Take the working frequency band including 6.5GHz and 8GHz as an example. The short circuit wall may divide the radiator into a first portion and a second portion, and the area of the first portion is larger than that of the second portion. The dimensions of the first portion may be used to achieve excitation at 1/4 wavelengths of 6.5 GHz. The dimensions of the second portion may be used to achieve excitation at 1/4 wavelengths of 8 GHz. It will be appreciated that the short-circuit wall arrangement enables the patch antenna to achieve coverage of the operating band by exciting the 1/4 wavelength mode without the need to extend the size to 1/2 wavelengths. In addition, the short circuit wall can be used for isolating currents of 6.5GHz and 8GHz, and the current distribution on the radiators on two sides of the short circuit wall can be effectively changed, so that 1/4-wavelength excitation of 6.5GHz and 8GHz is achieved.

As an example, when the first and second parts are in operation, the current distribution on the radiator is dominated by the transverse current due to the guiding of the current by the short-circuiting wall. Thus, after division by the shorting wall, the lateral dimension (e.g., the X-axis dimension) of the first portion may be used to excite 1/4 wavelength resonance at 6.5 GHz. Similarly, the lateral dimension (e.g., the X-axis dimension) of the second portion may be used to excite 1/4 wavelength resonance at 8 GHz.

It should be noted that in some implementations of the present application, the shorting wall may be a radiator that extends through the patch antenna (as shown in the example of fig. 7), thereby achieving better isolation of 6.5GHz and 8 GHz. In other implementations of the present application, the shorting wall may not be disposed through the radiator of the patch antenna due to process, antenna space, and other factors. For convenience of description, the following takes as an example a case where the short-circuiting wall is provided as a radiator penetrating the patch antenna as shown in fig. 7 (a) or fig. 7 (b).

As shown in (a) of fig. 7, a first parasitic structure and a second parasitic structure may be respectively disposed on upper and lower sides of the main radiating structure along the y-axis. The composition of the second parasitic structure is similar to that of the first parasitic structure, and the features and functions of the first parasitic structure will be described first.

In this example, the first parasitic structure may include two radiators, such as a parasitic radiator 1 and a parasitic radiator 2. The two parasitic radiators can be used to extend the 6.5GHz and 8GHz bandwidths and radiation performance, respectively. Take the example of the parasitic radiator 1 being arranged above the first part of the main radiating structure. The parasitic radiator 1 may be used to perform coupling feeding based on the current distributed from the first portion by electric field coupling through parasitic action, thereby implementing parasitic radiation. In this example, the grounding of the parasitic radiator 1 can also be realized in the form of a short-circuit wall. Thereby enabling the parasitic radiation to have the characteristics of a better bandwidth of the patch antenna.

The parasitic radiation excited on the parasitic radiator 1 can achieve the function of expanding the 6.5GHz bandwidth and the radiation performance. For example, the parasitic radiator 1 is disposed right above the main radiation structure, and the short-circuit wall of the parasitic radiator 1 is disposed on the negative X-axis edge of the parasitic radiator 1. The X-axis dimension of the parasitic radiator 1 may correspond to 1/4 wavelengths of 6.5GHz, thereby enabling the parasitic radiation generated by the parasitic radiator 1 to fall in the vicinity of 6.5GHz in frequency.

It is understood that the effect of the parasitic radiation resonance frequency of the parasitic radiator 1 can be achieved by adjusting the X-axis dimension of the parasitic radiator 1 and the gap width between the parasitic radiator 1 and the main radiation structure based on the parasitic effect. For example, the shorter the X-axis dimension of the parasitic radiator 1, the shorter the electrical length of the transverse current generated by the coupled feed, and the higher the corresponding parasitic radiation resonant frequency. Correspondingly, the longer the X-axis dimension of the parasitic radiator 1, the longer the electrical length of the transverse current generated by the coupled feed, and the lower the corresponding parasitic radiation resonant frequency. In addition, the smaller the gap width between the parasitic radiator 1 and the main radiating structure, the stronger the coupling feed strength, and the larger the frequency separation between the main resonant frequency and the parasitic resonant frequency. Conversely, the larger the gap width between the parasitic radiator 1 and the main radiating structure is, the weaker the coupling feed strength is, and the smaller the frequency distance between the main resonant frequency and the parasitic resonant frequency is. Therefore, the relative frequency domain positions of the parasitic resonance and the resonance generated by the main radiation structure under different implementation scenes can be adjusted, and the optimal performance under the corresponding scene is obtained.

Similar to the parasitic radiator 1, the parasitic radiation excited on the parasitic radiator 2 in the first parasitic structure can function to extend the 8GHz bandwidth and the radiation performance. The dimensioning requirements and the adjustment mechanism for the parasitic radiator 2 are similar to those for the parasitic radiator 1 and will not be described here again.

Note that, in the examples shown in fig. 7 (a) and fig. 7 (b), the parasitic radiator 1 and the parasitic radiator 2 may be gap-isolated from each other. Since there is no influence of the higher mode of the frequency multiplication on the frequencies of 6.5GHz and 8GHz, the mutual influence between the parasitic radiator 1 and the parasitic radiator 2 in the first radiator provided in the embodiment of the present application is weak. That is, the parasitic radiator 1 and the parasitic radiator 2 can operate simultaneously without having a great influence on each other.

In this example, the first parasitic structure is capable of exciting the acquisition parasitic resonance near the operating frequency band, such as the acquisition parasitic resonance 1 near 6.5GHz, by the mechanism described above. As well as a parasitic resonance 2 at around 8 GHz. In some examples of the present application, the parasitic resonance 1 may be excited by the parasitic radiator 1 in the first parasitic structure. In other examples of the application, the parasitic resonance 2 may be excited by the parasitic radiator 2 in the first parasitic structure.

As an example, the parasitic resonance 1 and the 6.5GHz resonance obtained by the excitation of the first part of the main radiation structure may jointly cover the 6.5GHz working frequency band, so that the 6.5GHz working frequency band is covered by the two resonances, the bandwidth of the 6.5GHz working frequency band is further extended, and the radiation performance is improved. It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the parasitic resonance 1 may include a partial frequency band coinciding with the operating frequency band of 6.5 GHz. In other embodiments, the parasitic resonance 1 itself may not coincide with the operating frequency band of 6.5GHz, but is located near the operating frequency band of 6.5GHz, so that the edge bandwidth and efficiency of the resonance generated by the first part in the main radiation structure can be extended, so that the resonance generated by the first part can better cover the operating frequency band of 6.5GHz, and the purpose of extending the bandwidth and improving the efficiency is achieved.

Similar to the mechanism for improving the 6.5GHz performance, the parasitic resonance 2 generated by the parasitic radiator 2 can also achieve the effect of improving the 8GHz performance.

In the present example, as shown in fig. 7 (a) and 7 (b), the patch antenna may further include a second parasitic structure. The second parasitic structure may be disposed symmetrically with respect to the first parasitic structure with respect to the main radiating structure. The working mechanism of the second parasitic structure can be the same as that of the first parasitic structure, so that the parasitic effect is improved, and the performance of the working frequency band is further improved. In this example, the second parasitic structure and the first parasitic structure are symmetrically arranged, so that the patch antenna can have better directivity, and the realization of the UWB antenna is more facilitated.

It should be noted that in some implementations, only one of the first parasitic structure or the second parasitic structure may be disposed in the patch antenna. In other implementations, the second parasitic structure may also be different from the first parasitic structure. For example, the size (e.g., the X-axis lateral size) of the second parasitic structure may be adjusted to be smaller than that of the first parasitic structure, so that the first parasitic structure may expand the resonance bandwidth in the high-frequency direction of the operating frequency band to improve the radiation performance, and the second parasitic structure may expand the resonance bandwidth in the low-frequency direction of the operating frequency band to improve the radiation performance.

Similarly, the second parasitic structure may comprise a parasitic radiator 3 as well as a parasitic radiator 4. In some embodiments, the parasitic radiator 3 may be used to excite resonances near the 6.5GHz band for extending the 6.5GHz bandwidth and radiation performance. The parasitic radiator 4 may be used to excite resonance near the 8GHz band for extending the 8GHz bandwidth and radiation performance.

In the above example, the example is described in which the short-circuit wall of the parasitic structure (e.g., the first parasitic structure and the second parasitic structure) is disposed at the outer edge of the parasitic radiator along the X axis direction. In other embodiments of the present application, the shorting wall on the parasitic structure may be disposed in other locations as well. For example, the parasitic radiator 1 and the parasitic radiator 2 included in the first parasitic structure are taken as an example, and the parasitic radiator 1 is disposed at a position of the parasitic radiator 2 along the negative direction of the X axis. As shown in fig. 8A, the short-circuit wall of the parasitic radiator 1 may be disposed on one of two sides of the parasitic radiator 1 in the Y-axis direction, which is located on the side in the positive X-axis direction. Correspondingly, the short-circuit wall of the parasitic radiator 2 may be disposed on one of two sides of the parasitic radiator 2 in the Y-axis direction, which is located on the side in the X-axis negative direction. In other implementations of the present application, on the basis of fig. 8A, the short-circuit wall of the two parasitic structures in the first parasitic structure may also be shared, for example, referring to fig. 8B, by sharing the short-circuit wall, the two parasitic structures may be converted from two relatively independent parasitic elements into one parasitic element, and the complexity of the first radiating structure in the manufacturing process can be reduced. Similarly, as shown in fig. 8B, the two parasitic elements in the second parasitic structure can also achieve the above-mentioned effect by sharing the short-circuit wall.

Therefore, through the above description, those skilled in the art should be able to accurately and clearly know the structural features of the patch antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application and the performance improvement effect that can be achieved on the operating frequency band (e.g., 6.5GHz and/or 8 GHz).

As a possible implementation, the patch antenna may be implemented by a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). For example, take the PCB as a 2-layer board. The PCB board may include

layers

1 and 2. The layer 1 and the layer 2 may be provided with electrically conductive structures by means of etching or the like. For example, a main radiating structure having a patch antenna as shown in fig. 7 or fig. 8A, and a parasitic structure may be provided on the layer 1. A metal floor may be provided at layer 2. A radio frequency microstrip line can be further arranged on the layer 2 and used for transmitting radio frequency signals to feed the antenna. Layer 1 and layer 2 may be coupled by interlayer conductive vias. The coupling position of the interlayer conductive via to the layer 1 radiator may correspond to a feeding point of the patch antenna (e.g., one or both of the dual feeding points shown in fig. 7 or 8A). The interlayer conductive through hole can also be coupled with a radio frequency microstrip line on the layer 2 for realizing the transmission of feed signals.

When the patch antenna is implemented using a PCB, the short-circuiting wall in the above example may be implemented by a conductive via between layers of the PCB. Illustratively, in conjunction with fig. 9, there is provided for this example yet another side view of the patch antenna. The cut plane corresponding to the side view is the cut plane passing through the short-circuit wall of the main radiating structure in the XOY plane. As shown in fig. 9, a radiating portion (e.g., a main radiating structure and a parasitic structure) of the patch antenna shown in fig. 9 may be provided on a layer 1 of the PCB, and a metal ground may be provided on a layer 2. The short circuit function of the short circuit wall can be realized between the layer 1 and the layer 2 through a plurality of conductive through holes. Correspondingly, the through hole between the layer 1 and the layer 2 outside the short circuit wall can be set to be a non-conductive through hole or a blind hole, so that the short circuit wall is arranged while the structural stability of the PCB is ensured.

In order to further explain the effect of the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, referring to the structure of fig. 10, that is, the patch antenna having the characteristics shown in fig. 7, the radiation portion corresponding to 6.5GHz (e.g., the first portion of the main radiation structure, the parasitic structure 1 of the first parasitic structure, and the corresponding portion of the second parasitic structure), the function and effect of the structure are explained through a simulation of the S parameter of the structure.

As an example, in the structure shown in the present application, the feeding point position of 6.5GHz may be provided at the right side edge of the first portion in the X-axis direction, for example, the feeding point may be provided at the Y-axis direction center of the right side edge. Furthermore, in this example, the first portion of the main radiating structure may be used to generate a resonance covering the 6.5GHz operating band. The first parasitic structure and the second parasitic structure may have a symmetrical relationship with respect to the first portion. That is, in the present example, the structure as in fig. 10 may have a central axis symmetry characteristic in the Y-axis direction. For example, the X-dimension of the first parasitic structure and/or the second parasitic structure and/or the first portion of the main radiating structure of the antenna shown in fig. 10 may be in the 0.2-0.3 wavelength range of 6.5 GHz. For example, the X-dimension may be 0.26 wavelengths, i.e., around 7 mm. The first and second parasitic structures may have the same Y-dimension, for example, the Y-dimension of the first and second parasitic structures may be in the 0.1-0.15 wavelength range of 6.5 GHz. For example, the X-dimension may be 0.11 wavelengths, i.e., about 3 mm. The Y-dimension of the first portion of the main radiating structure may be close to 0.15 wavelength, such as 3.6 mm. In order to excite the parasitic resonance of the first parasitic structure and the second parasitic structure and make the parasitic resonance fall in the high-frequency direction of 6.5GHz, and simultaneously optimize the resonance in the working frequency band of 6.5GHz, the size of the gap between the first parasitic structure and the main radiating structure, and/or between the second parasitic structure and the main radiating structure, can be controlled within the range of 0.01 times wavelength to 0.05 times wavelength, such as 0.03 times wavelength, namely about 0.9 mm. For the antenna with the size setting, please refer to fig. 11-14 for the simulation results of S-parameters. It should be noted that the size control of the different positions of the antenna in this example is only an example, and other values within the above range can also achieve similar effects, and therefore, the present invention is also within the scope of protection of the present application. For example, the dimensional control described above with respect to fig. 10 may also be applied to the antenna structure shown in fig. 7 or fig. 8A for implementing a dimensional control corresponding to 6.5 GHz.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of return loss (S11) of the patch antenna having the structure shown in fig. 10. For comparison, S11 at 6.5GHz for a solution without parasitic structures (such as the solution with the results shown in fig. 3) is also shown in fig. 11 for comparison. As shown in fig. 11, the present scheme obtains two resonances excited around 6.5GHz, compared to the scheme without parasitic structure. Wherein, in some implementations, lower frequency resonances (e.g., referred to as native resonances) may be picked up by the first portion of the main radiating structure. The resonance in the high frequency direction of the corresponding operating frequency may be a parasitic resonance 1 generated by the parasitic structure 1 of the first parasitic structure. Therefore, although the parasitic resonance 1 is not in the 6.5GHz working frequency band, the bandwidth of the native resonance can be obviously widened, so that the native resonance can better cover the 6.5GHz working frequency band.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of radiation efficiency (radiation efficiency) of the patch antenna having the structure shown in fig. 10. The radiation efficiency at 6.5GHz for the parasitic structure-free scheme (e.g., the scheme with the results shown in fig. 3) is also shown in fig. 12 for comparison. As shown in fig. 12, compared with the scheme without the parasitic structure, the radiation efficiency at 6.5GHz is improved by 1dB at most, thereby proving that the maximum radiation capability at 6.5GHz is obviously improved compared with the scheme without the parasitic structure. Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of system efficiency (system efficiency) of the patch antenna having the structure shown in fig. 10. The system efficiency at 6.5GHz for the parasitic structure-free scheme (e.g., the scheme with the results shown in fig. 3) is also shown in fig. 13 for comparison. As shown in fig. 13, for the solution without a parasitic structure, the system efficiency is in the 6.5GHz band, the full band is significantly improved by approximately 1dB, and the efficiency bandwidth is significantly extended. Furthermore, due to the system efficiency provided by the parasitic resonance 1, a sudden drop in efficiency can be avoided even if the antenna experiences more frequency offsets to high frequencies. Therefore, the error sensitivity of the antenna at 6.5GHz is reduced, and the requirements on the manufacturing process and the consistency of the surrounding environment are reduced. In addition, the present example also provides a directional diagram of the patch antenna, as shown in fig. 14, the antenna has good directivity in the positive direction (i.e., the working direction) of the Z axis, and the uniformity thereof is also good (i.e., the gain difference in different directions is not large). Therefore, the radiation performance is better.

Thus, by comparing fig. 11 to fig. 14, it can be seen that the patch antenna with at least one parasitic structure provided by the embodiment of the present application can provide a significant bandwidth expansion and a radiation performance improvement at 6.5 GHz.

It can be understood that, similar to 6.5GHz, in conjunction with fig. 7, since a similar parasitic structure can be provided for the radiation structure corresponding to 8GHz, a performance improvement effect similar to 6.5GHz can be achieved. The embodiment of the application also provides an S parameter schematic of the patch antenna with the structure shown in fig. 7 when feeding is performed at 6.5GHz and 8GHz simultaneously. It was thus confirmed that the patch antenna having the structure shown in fig. 7 also has a good radiation performance.

It should be noted that, in conjunction with the foregoing description, in this example, reference may be made to the description shown in fig. 10 for dimensional control of the structure shown in fig. 7 at the 6.5GHz portion. Furthermore, the X-axis dimension may be set to be in the range of 0.2-0.3 times the 8GHz wavelength, e.g., 5.25mm-5.45mm, for the 8GHz portion (i.e., the portion of the primary radiating structure in the positive X-direction of the Y-axis on which the shorting wall is located, as shown in fig. 7, e.g., the portion including the second portion of the primary radiating structure, the parasitic structure 2 of the first parasitic structure, and the corresponding second parasitic structure). Thus, in the case of a short-circuit wall width of 0.5mm, the X-axis dimension of the entire patch antenna can be controlled to be less than 13mm, such as 12 mm. And the Y-axis dimension of the whole patch antenna is controlled to be less than 12mm, such as 11.4 mm. The miniaturization design of the antenna is realized. The S-parameters of the antenna are shown in fig. 15 and 16.

Referring to fig. 15, S parameters of the patch antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application in the 6.5GHz band are illustrated. It can be seen that when the dual-port feed works simultaneously, the radiation performance and bandwidth performance in the 6.5GHz band are significantly improved compared with the scheme without adding the parasitic element. No effect on 6.5GHz was produced due to the addition of 8GHz radiation. In addition, referring to fig. 16, which is a schematic diagram of the S parameter of 8GHz in the case of dual port feeding, it can be seen that the bandwidth and radiation performance of 8GHz can be effectively ensured in this structure.

Although the present application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be evident that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Accordingly, the specification and figures are merely exemplary of the present application as defined in the appended claims and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of the present application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A patch antenna based on parasitic coupling,

the patch antenna comprises a main radiation structure and at least one parasitic structure;

the main radiating structure comprises at least one main radiator, the first parasitic structure comprises a first parasitic radiator, and the first parasitic structure is included in at least one parasitic structure;

the main radiation structure is provided with a first short-circuit wall along a first direction, the short-circuit wall divides the main radiator into a first part and a second part, and the first part and the second part are respectively connected with different feed sources;

the first parasitic radiator is arranged in a first direction of the first portion, the first parasitic radiator and the main radiator are separated by a first gap, and the first parasitic radiator is subjected to electric field coupling through the first gap to achieve parasitic action.

2. A patch antenna according to claim 1,

the resonance that the first part of main irradiator produced is first resonance, first resonance covers first frequency channel, the resonance that first parasitic irradiator produced is the second resonance, the second resonance covers the second frequency channel, the second frequency channel with first frequency channel part or whole coincidence.

3. A patch antenna according to claim 2, wherein in the case where the second frequency band partially coincides with the first frequency band, the bandwidth of the first resonance is greater than the bandwidth of a third resonance which is a resonance generated by the first portion of the main radiator without the first parasitic radiator.

4. A patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the parasitic structure further comprises a second shorting wall disposed on the first parasitic radiator.

5. A patch antenna according to claim 4, wherein the second short-circuit wall is arranged on a first side of the first parasitic radiator, and an intersection line of a straight line of the first side and the main radiator is opposite to the first short-circuit wall.

6. A patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first parasitic structure further comprises a second parasitic radiator disposed in the first direction of the second portion, the second parasitic radiator being separated from the main radiator by the first slot, the second parasitic radiator being parasitically coupled by an electric field through the first slot.

7. A patch antenna according to claim 6,

the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator are arranged at intervals.

8. A patch antenna according to claim 6 or 7,

the resonance generated by the second part of the main radiator is a fourth resonance, the fourth resonance covers a third frequency band, the resonance generated by the second parasitic radiator is a fifth resonance, the fifth resonance covers a fourth frequency band, and the third frequency band and the fourth frequency band are partially or completely overlapped.

9. A patch antenna according to any one of claims 6-8,

and in the case that the third frequency band and the fourth frequency band partially overlap, a bandwidth of the fourth resonance is greater than a bandwidth of a sixth resonance, and the sixth resonance is a resonance generated by the second part of the main radiator in the case that the second parasitic radiator is not provided.

10. A patch antenna according to any one of claims 1-9,

the area of the first portion is larger than that of the second portion, and the first frequency band is lower than the third frequency band.

11. A patch antenna according to claim 10,

the patch antenna is used for radiation based on ultra-wideband UWB technology, the first frequency band is included in [6.25GHz, 6.75GHz ], and the third frequency band is included in [7.75GHz, 8.25GHz ].

12. A patch antenna according to any one of claims 1-11, further comprising a second parasitic structure included in at least one of said parasitic structures, said second parasitic structure being symmetrical to said first parasitic structure with respect to a first centre line of said main radiator, said first centre line being a centre line perpendicular to said first direction.

13. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device is provided with at least one processor, a radio frequency module, and at least one patch antenna based on parasitic coupling according to any of claims 1-12;

when the electronic equipment transmits or receives signals, the signals are transmitted or received through the radio frequency module and the patch antenna.

14. Electronic device according to claim 13, characterized in that the transmission or reception of signals is a transmission or reception of signals based on UWB technology.