CN113654887B - High-efficiency test method for tensile and compressive properties of composite material - Google Patents
High-efficiency test method for tensile and compressive properties of composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113654887B CN113654887B CN202110873798.0A CN202110873798A CN113654887B CN 113654887 B CN113654887 B CN 113654887B CN 202110873798 A CN202110873798 A CN 202110873798A CN 113654887 B CN113654887 B CN 113654887B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of test mechanics. In particular to a high-efficiency test method for tensile and compressive properties of a composite material. The standard test piece is placed between the upper chuck and the lower chuck by adjusting the tension and compression rod, the upper chuck and the lower chuck, and then is slowly loaded by the control system. And obtaining the strain of the standard test piece through the strain gauge on the standard test piece, and obtaining the spring coefficient K of the standard test piece. Therefore, the strain test system can be omitted through calculation and conversion, and stable and reliable strain test results can be obtained. The invention solves the problem of dispersity of the tensile and compressive property test of the composite material, reduces the discrete coefficient of test data, reduces the number of removed test data, reduces the number of supplementary test pieces, and greatly improves the economic benefit of the mechanical property test. And the test strain acquisition system is removed, so that the time of the test process is reduced, and the test efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of test mechanics, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency test method for tensile and compressive properties of a composite material.
Background
The tensile and compressive properties of the composite material are necessary conditions for checking the strength of the composite material, so that the mechanical properties of the composite material are quickly and efficiently obtained, and test data with high reliability and small dispersibility are obtained, thereby having important significance.
The tensile and compressive properties of the composite material at the present stage are tested, and the modulus characteristics of the material are obtained through strain testing of test pieces. In the strain test, a series of sensors and test instruments such as strain gages, extensometers, strain test systems and the like are needed. The adhesion of strain gauge, the installation of extensometer, and the error of resistance wire, etc., the dispersibility can influence the test result, making the test result have great dispersion. When the obtained test data are used for designing value statistics, due to the fact that the data discreteness is large and MNR residual errors are out of limit, certain data can be removed, the statistics values are conservative, the optimal design of composite material structures such as an aircraft radome is not facilitated, and the economy of the radome and even the whole aircraft is reduced. Most fundamentally, the uncertainty of manpower increases the dispersibility of test results.
Disclosure of Invention
The method solves the problem of large test data dispersibility caused by various factors in the existing composite material mechanical test.
All current testing machines are digitalized, and the movable clamping heads of the testing equipment can accurately restore to the original positions set by the machine. The entire tester rack system is unchanged and thus has a fixed load/displacement characteristic. Therefore, the strain test system can be omitted through calculation and conversion, and stable and reliable strain test results can be obtained.
Technical proposal
The high-efficiency test method for the tensile and compressive properties of the composite material is characterized in that when the mechanical properties are tested, a standard test piece 7 is placed between the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3 by adjusting the tensile and compressive rods 4, the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3, and then the standard test piece 7 is slowly loaded by a control system. The strain of the standard test piece 7 is obtained by the strain gauge on the standard test piece 7, and the spring coefficient K of the standard test piece 7 is obtained.
Wherein: Δl: for displacement readings of the test machine
F: reading of the tester sensor
K j: equivalent spring coefficient of test machine
K B: spring coefficient of standard test piece
The method comprises the following steps:
then after the test piece is tested, the deformation of the test piece is obtained by:
Then, through The strain of the test piece was obtained.
The standard test piece 7 is made of glass fiber.
The total height of the assembled standard test piece 7 should be greater than the minimum distance between the upper jaw 2 and the lower jaw 3.
The pressure testing machine 1 should be provided with a load sensor 5 and a displacement sensor 6 at the same time, wherein the load sensor 5 is arranged on the upper chuck 2, and the displacement sensor 6 is arranged in front of the tension-compression rod 4 and is used for detecting the position of the tension-compression rod.
The assembly treatment mode of the test piece 8 to be tested and the standard test piece 7 is completely the same.
When the standard test piece 7 is loaded, the loading points of the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3 are ensured to be in the geometric center of the standard test piece 7.
The standard test piece 7 is in a cuboid shape
The standard test piece 7 can be applied with a guiding tool.
Technical effects
The invention solves the problem of the dispersibility of the tensile and compressive property test of the composite material, reduces the discrete coefficient of test data, effectively reduces the dispersibility of test results caused by artificial uncertainty, reduces the number of removed test data, reduces the number of supplementary test pieces, and greatly improves the economic benefit of the mechanical property test. And the test strain acquisition system is removed, so that the time of the test process is reduced, and the test efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tensile testing machine according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-pressure testing machine, 2-upper chuck, 3 lower chuck, 4-pull rod, 5-load sensor, 6-displacement sensor, 7-standard test piece, 8-test piece that awaits measuring.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
According to the high-efficiency test method for the tensile and compressive properties of the composite material, when the mechanical properties are tested, the standard test piece 7 is placed between the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3 by adjusting the tensile and compressive rods 4, the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3, and then the standard test piece 7 is slowly loaded by a control system. And obtaining the strain of the standard test piece 7 through the strain gauge on the standard test piece 7, and finally obtaining the spring coefficient K of the test piece.
Wherein: Δl: for displacement readings of the test machine (known quantity)
F: reading of tester sensor (known quantity)
K j: equivalent spring coefficient of test machine
K B: spring coefficient of standard test piece
The method comprises the following steps:
then after the test piece is tested, the deformation of the test piece can be obtained by:
And then. Can pass through The strain of the test piece was obtained.
Similar results can be obtained for other experiments.
For bending tests, this displacement result can be directly used.
The standard test piece 7 is made of glass fiber, so that the material systems of the standard test piece 7 and the test piece 8 to be tested are consistent.
The total height of the assembled standard test piece 7 should be greater than the minimum distance between the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3 to ensure that the standard test piece 7 can withstand the compressive load.
The tensile machine should be provided with a load sensor 5 and a displacement sensor 6. The force and displacement required to calculate the equivalent spring rate can be measured.
The assembly treatment mode of the test piece 8 to be tested and the standard test piece 7 is completely the same. It can be ensured that the equivalent spring rate obtained does not fluctuate.
When the standard test piece 7 is loaded, the loading points of the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3 are ensured to be in the geometric center of the standard test piece 7.
The standard test piece 7 is rectangular. And the size setting meets the national standard requirement.
The standard test piece 7 can apply a guiding tool, so that the reliability of the test is ensured, and instability is avoided.
According to the invention, a standard test piece is introduced into a tensile-compressive property test system, the standard test piece is slowly loaded through a force load tester, and a strain value of the standard test piece is obtained through a strain test on the standard test piece, so that the spring coefficient of the test piece is obtained. When the mechanical property test of the test piece is carried out, a strain test system is not introduced, the load is directly applied through the testing machine, and the mechanical property of the test piece is calculated by utilizing the spring coefficient measured by the standard test piece and combining the load value. Therefore, in the tensile and compressive properties testing process of the composite material, the dispersibility of the test result mainly comprises the dispersibility of the strain sheet, the dispersibility of the test system and the dispersibility caused by the installation of the strain test tool comprising the differences caused by the factors of the test tool installation and the personnel are effectively reduced, the problem of the dispersibility of the test result in the tensile and compressive properties high-efficiency test of the composite material is solved, and compared with the prior art, the tensile and compressive properties high-efficiency test method has larger technical progress and remarkable technical effects.
Claims (7)
1. The high-efficiency test method for the tensile and compressive properties of the composite material is characterized in that when the mechanical properties are tested, a standard test piece (7) is placed between the upper chuck (2) and the lower chuck (3) through adjusting a tensile compression rod (4), the upper chuck (2) and the lower chuck (3) of a pressure tester (1), and then the standard test piece (7) is slowly loaded through a control system; obtaining the strain of the standard test piece (7) through a strain gauge on the standard test piece (7), and obtaining the spring coefficient K of the standard test piece (7);
Wherein: Δl: for displacement readings of the test machine
F: reading of the tester sensor
K j: equivalent spring coefficient of test machine
K B: the spring constant of the standard test piece,
The method comprises the following steps:
Then after the test of the test piece (8) to be tested, the deformation of the test piece (8) to be tested is obtained by the following formula:
Then, through Obtaining the strain of a test piece (8) to be tested;
The assembly treatment mode of the test piece (8) to be tested and the standard test piece (7) is completely the same.
2. The method for high-efficiency testing of tensile and compressive properties of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the material of the standard test piece (7) is glass fiber.
3. The method for high-efficiency testing of tensile and compressive properties of composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the total height of the assembled standard test piece (7) is greater than the minimum distance between the upper jaw (2) and the lower jaw (3).
4. The method for testing the tensile and compressive properties of the composite material according to claim 1, wherein the pressure testing machine (1) is provided with a load sensor (5) and a displacement sensor (6) at the same time.
5. The method for testing the tensile and compressive properties of the composite material according to claim 1, wherein when the standard test piece (7) is loaded, the loading points of the upper clamping head (2) and the lower clamping head (3) are ensured to be in the geometric center of the standard test piece (7).
6. The method for testing the tensile and compressive properties of the composite material with high efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the standard test piece (7) is in a cuboid shape.
7. The method for testing the tensile and compressive properties of the composite material with high efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the standard test piece (7) can be applied with a guiding tool.
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| CN202110873798.0A CN113654887B (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | High-efficiency test method for tensile and compressive properties of composite material |
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| CN113654887B true CN113654887B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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2021
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