CN113654887A - Efficient test method for tensile and compressive mechanical properties of composite material - Google Patents
Efficient test method for tensile and compressive mechanical properties of composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113654887A CN113654887A CN202110873798.0A CN202110873798A CN113654887A CN 113654887 A CN113654887 A CN 113654887A CN 202110873798 A CN202110873798 A CN 202110873798A CN 113654887 A CN113654887 A CN 113654887A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of test mechanics. In particular to a method for efficiently testing the tension-compression mechanical property of a composite material. The standard test piece is placed between the upper chuck and the lower chuck by adjusting the tension and compression rod, the upper chuck and the lower chuck, and then the standard test piece is slowly loaded through the control system. And obtaining the strain of the standard test piece through a strain gauge on the standard test piece, and obtaining the spring coefficient K of the standard test piece. Therefore, through calculation and conversion, a strain test system can be omitted, and a stable and reliable strain test result is obtained. The invention solves the problem of the dispersity of the composite material in the tension and compression mechanical property test, reduces the dispersion coefficient of test data, reduces the rejection quantity of the test data, reduces the quantity of supplementary test pieces and greatly improves the economic benefit of the mechanical property test. And a test strain acquisition system is removed, so that the time of the test process is reduced, and the test efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of experimental mechanics, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently testing the tensile and compression mechanical properties of a composite material.
Background
The tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the composite material are necessary conditions for checking the strength of the composite material, the mechanical properties of the composite material are rapidly and efficiently obtained, and test data with high reliability and small dispersity are obtained, so that the method has important significance.
In the test of the tensile and compression mechanical properties of the composite material at the present stage, the modulus characteristic of the material is obtained by the strain test of a test piece. In the strain test, a series of sensors and test instruments such as strain gauges, extensometers, strain test systems and the like are required to be connected. The test result is influenced by the self errors of the pasting of the strain gauge, the installation of the extensometer, the resistance wire and the like, and the dispersity, so that the test result has great discreteness. When the design value statistics is carried out on the test data obtained by the method, due to the fact that the data discreteness is large, MNR residual errors exceed the limit, certain rejection data can be caused, the statistics are conservative, the optimization design of composite material structures such as an airplane radome is not facilitated, and the economy of the radome and even the whole airplane is reduced. Most fundamentally, manual uncertainty increases the dispersion of test results.
Disclosure of Invention
The problem of large test data dispersity caused by various factors in the existing composite material mechanical test is solved.
All current testing machines are digitalized, and the moving clamping heads of the testing equipment can be accurately restored to the original positions set by the testing machines. The whole frame system of the tester is unchanged, so that the tester has fixed load/displacement characteristics. Therefore, through calculation and conversion, a strain test system can be omitted, and a stable and reliable strain test result is obtained.
Technical scheme
A method for efficiently testing the tension and compression mechanical properties of a composite material comprises the steps of placing a standard test piece 7 between an upper chuck 2 and a lower chuck 3 by adjusting a tension and compression rod 4, the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3 during mechanical property testing, and then slowly loading the standard test piece 7 through a control system. The strain of the standard test piece 7 is obtained through the strain gauge on the standard test piece 7, and the spring coefficient K of the standard test piece 7 is obtained.
Wherein: Δ L: for displacement readings of the testing machine
F: reading of the tester sensor
Kj: is the equivalent spring constant of the testing machine
KB: spring rate of standard test piece
Obtaining:
then after the test piece is tested, the deformation of the test piece is obtained by the following formula:
then, by
The strain of the test piece was obtained.
The material of the standard test piece 7 is glass fiber.
The total height of the assembled standard test piece 7 should be greater than the minimum distance between the upper jaw 2 and the lower jaw 3.
The pressure testing machine 1 is provided with a load sensor 5 and a displacement sensor 6 at the same time, wherein the load sensor 5 is arranged on the upper chuck 2, and the displacement sensor 6 is arranged in front of the tension and compression rod 4 and used for detecting the position of the tension and compression rod.
The test piece 8 to be tested and the standard test piece 7 are completely assembled in the same way.
When the standard test piece 7 is loaded, the loading points of the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3 are ensured to be at the geometric center of the standard test piece 7.
The standard test piece 7 is in a cuboid shape
The standard test piece 7 can be applied with a guiding tool.
Technical effects
The invention solves the problem of the dispersity of the composite material in tension and compression mechanical property tests, reduces the dispersion coefficient of test data, effectively reduces the dispersity of test results caused by artificial uncertainty, reduces the rejection quantity of the test data, reduces the quantity of supplementary test pieces and greatly improves the economic benefit of the mechanical property tests. And a test strain acquisition system is removed, so that the time of the test process is reduced, and the test efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tensile testing machine according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a pressure tester, 2-an upper chuck, 3-a lower chuck, 4-a tension and compression rod, 5-a load sensor, 6-a displacement sensor, 7-a standard test piece and 8-a test piece to be tested.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
according to the method for efficiently testing the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the composite material, when the mechanical properties are tested, the standard test piece 7 is placed between the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3 by adjusting the tensile and compressive rod 4, the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3, and then the standard test piece 7 is slowly loaded through the control system. And obtaining the strain of the standard test piece 7 through a strain gauge on the standard test piece 7, and finally obtaining the spring coefficient K of the test piece.
Wherein: Δ L: for displacement reading of the tester (known quantity)
F: reading of the tester sensor (known quantity)
Kj: is the equivalent spring constant of the testing machine
KB: spring rate of standard test piece
Obtaining:
then after the test piece is tested, the deformation of the test piece can be obtained by the following formula:
and then. Can pass through
The strain of the test piece was obtained.
Similar results were obtained for other experiments.
For bending tests, this displacement result can be directly utilized.
The standard test piece 7 is made of glass fiber, and the material systems of the standard test piece 7 and the test piece 8 to be tested are consistent.
The overall height of the assembled standard test piece 7 should be greater than the minimum distance between the upper and lower chucks 2, 3 to ensure that the standard test piece 7 can withstand compressive loads.
The tensile machine should be provided with a load sensor 5 and a displacement sensor 6 at the same time. The force and displacement required to calculate the equivalent spring rate can be measured.
The test piece 8 to be tested and the standard test piece 7 are completely assembled in the same way. It can be ensured that the obtained equivalent spring constant does not fluctuate.
When the standard test piece 7 is loaded, the loading points of the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 3 are ensured to be at the geometric center of the standard test piece 7.
The standard test piece 7 is rectangular parallelepiped in shape. Meets the size setting of national standard.
The standard test piece 7 can be provided with a guide tool, so that the test reliability is ensured, and the instability is avoided.
According to the invention, a standard test piece is introduced into a tension-compression mechanical property testing system, the standard test piece is slowly loaded through a force load testing machine, and a strain value of the standard test piece is obtained through a strain test on the standard test piece, so that the spring coefficient of the test piece is obtained. When the mechanical property of the test piece is tested, a strain test system is not introduced, a load is directly applied through a testing machine, and the mechanical property of the test piece is calculated by using the spring coefficient measured by the standard test piece and combining the load value. Therefore, in the process of testing the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the composite material, the dispersibility of the test result, mainly including the dispersibility of the strain gauge, the dispersibility of a test system and the dispersibility caused by the installation of the strain test tool comprising the difference caused by the installation of the test tool and human factors, are effectively reduced, the problem of the dispersibility of the test result in the high-efficiency test of the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the composite material is solved, and the method has greater technical progress and obvious technical effect compared with the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. The method for efficiently testing the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the composite material is characterized in that when the mechanical properties are tested, a standard test piece (7) is placed between an upper chuck (2) and a lower chuck (3) through adjusting a tensile and compressive rod (4), the upper chuck (2) and the lower chuck (3) of a pressure testing machine (1), and then the standard test piece (7) is slowly loaded through a control system; obtaining the strain of the standard test piece (7) through a strain gauge on the standard test piece (7), and obtaining the spring coefficient K of the standard test piece (7);
wherein: Δ L: for displacement readings of the testing machine
F: reading of the tester sensor
Kj: is the equivalent spring constant of the testing machine
KB: spring rate of standard test piece
Obtaining:
then after the test piece is tested, the deformation of the test piece is obtained by the following formula:
then, by
The strain of the test piece was obtained.
2. The efficient test method for the tensile-compression mechanical properties of the composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the standard test piece (7) is made of glass fiber.
3. The method for efficiently testing the tension-compression mechanical properties of the composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total height of the assembled standard test piece (7) is greater than the minimum distance between the upper chuck (2) and the lower chuck (3).
4. The method for efficiently testing the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the composite material according to claim 1, wherein the compression testing machine (1) is provided with a load sensor (5) and a displacement sensor (6), wherein the load sensor (5) is arranged on the upper chuck (2), and the displacement sensor (6) is arranged in front of the tensile and compressive rod (4).
5. The efficient testing method for the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the test piece (8) to be tested and the standard test piece (7) are assembled in the same way.
6. The efficient test method for the tensile-compression mechanical properties of the composite material according to claim 1, wherein when the standard test piece (7) is loaded, the loading points of the upper chuck (2) and the lower chuck (3) are ensured to be at the geometric center of the standard test piece (7).
7. The efficient test method for the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the standard test piece (7) is rectangular.
8. The efficient test method for the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the composite material according to claim 1, wherein a guide tool can be applied to the standard test piece (7).
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2021
- 2021-07-30 CN CN202110873798.0A patent/CN113654887B/en active Active
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