CN113654663B - Online continuous temperature measurement system of AOD furnace and working method thereof - Google Patents
Online continuous temperature measurement system of AOD furnace and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113654663B CN113654663B CN202110812081.5A CN202110812081A CN113654663B CN 113654663 B CN113654663 B CN 113654663B CN 202110812081 A CN202110812081 A CN 202110812081A CN 113654663 B CN113654663 B CN 113654663B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Ar] Chemical compound [O].[Ar] VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0044—Furnaces, ovens, kilns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to an AOD furnace online continuous temperature measurement system and a working method thereof, which belong to the application field of industrial smelting equipment, in particular to auxiliary equipment of the AOD furnace and a working method thereof, and comprise an AOD furnace online continuous temperature measurement system, a first step, data acquisition, a second step, data judgment, a third step and temperature calculation; the application gets rid of the traditional manual temperature measurement method, improves the existing bottom gun, installs the bottom gun and the furnace mouth temperature measurement device, and realizes the online continuous temperature measurement in the smelting process. The system not only collects temperature information, but also collects gas flow and furnace body angle, and the gas flow and furnace body angle are wirelessly transmitted to an upper computer, the multi-measuring-point continuous temperature measurement is realized by organic integration, and the temperature in the furnace is obtained through an algorithm, so that the surface temperature obtained by the past thermocouple point measurement is distinguished, the temperature change in the furnace can be better reflected, the temperature is more accurate, the degree of automation is high, the continuous temperature measurement is realized, the labor intensity is reduced, and the system has good application value.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of industrial smelting equipment application, and particularly relates to auxiliary equipment of an AOD furnace and a working method thereof.
Background
The AOD (oxygen-argon-decarburization) method is a special method for smelting high-chromium stainless steel, and is a refining method for producing stainless steel by removing carbon, gas and impurities in steel by using argon and oxygen mixed gas. The most prominent advantage is that converting under non-vacuum has the effect of vacuum refining, so that a suitable temperature is a primary condition in AOD steelmaking. If the temperature can be strictly controlled in the smelting process of the AOD furnace, smelting is carried out according to an optimal curve, and the production efficiency and the production profit of enterprises can be well improved.
The current temperature measurement mode of the AOD furnace adopts a platinum-rhodium thermocouple for spot measurement, and the method has the following problems:
1. continuous temperature change cannot be obtained, and a smelting process curve cannot be optimized. The prior method for smelting the steel in one furnace can only obtain the temperature of a plurality of points, can not obtain continuous temperature change conditions, optimizes the process curve, saves energy, reduces emission, improves the final hit rate and the product quality, and depends on the experience of workers to a great extent.
2. The temperature measurement accuracy is poor. When the existing temperature measurement method is used for completing the temperature measurement process, firstly, a furnace is needed, then a worker inserts a platinum-rhodium thermocouple into molten steel by using a special device to measure the temperature, but the temperature of the molten steel is generally 1450-1800 ℃, and the platinum-rhodium thermocouple can be burnt out rapidly, so that the temperature measurement method not only needs to continuously replace the thermocouple, but also is related to the depth of inserting the molten steel, only the surface temperature of the molten steel is often measured, and the temperature change in the furnace cannot be truly reflected. When the temperature is high, the thermocouple is sometimes fused in advance, and the temperature signal is not stable at the moment, so that temperature measurement failure is caused.
3. The measuring method needs a worker to operate the furnace in front of the high-temperature furnace, so that the measuring method has the disadvantages of high labor intensity, high operating temperature, high dust, severe operating environment, high risk degree and the like.
Therefore, under the condition of realizing continuous temperature measurement, the traditional smelting process is necessary to be optimized and improved, the production efficiency is improved, the consumption of raw materials is reduced, and the production cost is saved.
There is a need in the art for a new solution to this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the application are as follows: the temperature measuring method aims at replacing the existing AOD furnace, and the online continuous temperature measurement is realized through an infrared temperature measuring system of an AOD furnace bottom gun, so that the problems that the temperature measurement is inaccurate and untimely in the prior art and the process is influenced are solved.
An AOD furnace on-line continuous temperature measurement system is characterized in that: comprises an upper computer, a bottom gun, a temperature detection device and a gas flow monitoring device;
the upper computer is arranged in the smelting control room;
the bottom gun, the temperature detection device and the gas flow monitoring device are all provided with communication devices, the communication devices are in wireless connection with an upper computer, and the upper computer is also in data connection with an angle sensor of the AOD furnace;
the bottom gun is arranged at the bottom of the AOD furnace and comprises a bottom blowing pipeline and a cooling gas pipeline, the cooling gas pipeline is consistent with the bottom blowing pipeline in shape, the cooling gas pipeline is sleeved on the bottom blowing pipeline, and the cooling gas pipeline is coincident with the central axis of the bottom blowing pipeline;
the blowing pipeline comprises a bottom blowing gas pipe and a main pipe, the bottom blowing gas pipe and the main pipe are integrally formed, one end of the main pipe is provided with an observation light window, the other end of the main pipe is connected with the AOD furnace, one end of the bottom blowing gas pipe is connected with the main pipe, and the other end of the bottom blowing gas pipe is provided with a bottom blowing gas inlet;
a cooling gas inlet is arranged on the cooling gas pipeline;
a temperature detection device is arranged outside the observation light window;
the temperature detection device comprises an infrared temperature sensor;
the number of the gas flow monitoring devices is three, and the three gas flow monitoring devices are respectively arranged in gas pipelines of oxygen, argon and nitrogen;
the gas flow monitoring device comprises a gas pressure sensor and a flow sensor.
An online continuous temperature measurement method of an AOD furnace adopts the online continuous temperature measurement system of the AOD furnace, and is characterized in that: comprises the following steps in sequence
Step one, acquiring data
Reading data of an angle sensor of the AOD furnace by an upper computer of an online continuous temperature measuring system of the AOD furnace to obtain furnace body inclination angle information of the AOD furnace; the upper computer reads the data of the gas flow monitoring device to obtain flow information of oxygen, nitrogen and argon of the three gases at the moment;
step two, data judgment
According to the inclination angle information of the furnace body of the AOD furnace obtained in the step one, obtaining inclination state information of the AOD furnace, selecting whether to measure temperature according to the inclination state information of the AOD furnace, determining whether to measure the temperature and then selecting a temperature detection device on a furnace mouth or a bottom gun to measure the temperature and read temperature data, and obtaining state information of the smelting step in the AOD furnace according to the flow information of the oxygen, the nitrogen and the argon of the three gases obtained in the step one;
the method for selecting the temperature detection device by using the inclination state information of the AOD furnace comprises the following steps:
when the angle data of the angle sensor is 0-30 degrees, the AOD furnace body is in a furnace standing state, and the upper computer reads the temperature information of a temperature detection device arranged on the bottom gun; when the angle is 30-65 ℃, the AOD furnace is in a charging state, and temperature measurement is not performed at the moment; when the angle is 70-95 ℃, the AOD furnace body is in a tilting state, and temperature information of a temperature detection device arranged at the AOD furnace mouth is adopted; when the angle is more than 100 ℃, tapping is finished after smelting, and temperature measurement is not performed at the moment;
step three, temperature calculation
And selecting different temperature operation formulas according to the inclination state information of the AOD furnace obtained in the step two and the state information of the smelting step, and taking the temperature data obtained in the step two into the selected temperature operation formulas to obtain the real temperature in the AOD furnace at the moment, wherein the obtained real temperature is displayed by connecting a display with an upper computer.
The state information judging method of the smelting step in the second step comprises the following steps:
when the AOD furnace body is in a vertical furnace state, the gas flow monitoring device detects that the oxygen flow is more than 20m 3 In the time of/min, the AOD furnace is in a large-scale converting state at the moment; when the oxygen flow is less than 20m 3 Per min, and the flow of nitrogen or argon is greater than 5m 3 At the time of/min, the AOD furnace is in a small-proportion converting state, and when no oxygen flow is provided and the nitrogen or argon flow is more than 10m 3 At/min, the AOD furnace is in the processIn a reduced state.
The temperature operation formula in the third step is selected in the following manner:
the AOD furnace body is in a tilting state, temperature data of a furnace mouth temperature measuring device are read, a non-contact infrared double-light colorimetric method is adopted as a temperature measuring mode, and at the moment, the temperature in the AOD furnace is calculated by the following steps:
wherein: t (T) S The color temperature is the data read by the temperature detection device; t is the true temperature; c (C) 2 Is a second radiation constant; epsilon is emissivity;
λ 1 ＝800nm；λ 2 ＝1000nm；V 1 and V is equal to 2 Data returned by the furnace mouth temperature measuring device;
a is a compensation coefficient made according to field data;
the AOD furnace body is in a vertical furnace state, and temperature information of a temperature detection device arranged on the bottom gun is read
The method for calculating the reduction state comprises the following steps:
wherein: t (T) S The color temperature is the data read by the temperature detection device; t is the true temperature; c (C) 2 Is a second radiation constant; epsilon is emissivity;
λ 1 ＝800nm；λ 2 ＝1000nm；V 1 and V is equal to 2 Data returned for the bottom gun temperature measuring device;
a is a compensation coefficient made according to field data;
r, H are the gas constant and the depth of the molten pool respectively;
T A ，T b the gas temperature at the nozzle and the temperature in the molten iron cavity are respectively;
n is the amount of material blown into the furnace gas per unit time;
Q a at pressure P a Bottom blowing gas flow rate below; the AOD furnace is at 1 standard atmospheric pressure;
ρ l is the density of molten steel;
ρ g，0 is the density of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
u 0 is the velocity of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
Q g，0 the volume flow of the gas at the outlet of the nozzle;
the calculating method of the large-proportion oxygen blowing state and the small-proportion oxygen blowing state comprises the following steps:
wherein: t (T) S The color temperature is the data read by the temperature detection device; t is the true temperature; c (C) 2 Is a second radiation constant; epsilon is emissivity;
λ 1 ＝800nm；λ 2 ＝1000nm；V 1 and V is equal to 2 Data returned for the bottom gun temperature measuring device;
a is a compensation coefficient made according to field data;
r, H are the gas constant and the depth of the molten pool respectively;
T a ，T b the gas temperature at the nozzle and the temperature in the molten iron cavity are respectively;
n is the amount of material blown into the furnace gas per unit time;
Q a at pressure P a Bottom blowing gas flow rate below; the AOD furnace is at 1 standard atmospheric pressure;
ρ l is the density of molten steel;
ρ g，0 is the density of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
u 0 is the velocity of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
Q g，0 is the volumetric flow rate of the gas at the nozzle outlet.
Δt is the oxygen blowing time;
Q Ar ，Q CO flow rates (m) of Ar and CO, respectively 3 S), p being the total pressure;
V m ，ρ m the volume and the density of molten steel are respectively;
is a unit volume of molten steel;
ω[C] ％ ，ω[Cr] ％ respectively, [ C ]]And [ Cr]The content is as follows;
is [ C ]]Standard equilibrium constant, beta C Is [ C ]]Mass transfer coefficient in molten steel.
The damping is of a hollow shaft-shaped structure.
Through the design scheme, the application has the following beneficial effects: the application gets rid of the traditional manual temperature measurement method, and optimizes and realizes real-time online continuous temperature measurement in the smelting process by modifying the existing bottom gun and installing corresponding infrared non-contact temperature measurement devices on all the bottom guns and furnace openings in a wireless communication mode. The system realizes multi-measuring-point continuous temperature measurement through collecting the flow pressure of gas and the angle of a furnace body and carrying out operation by a wireless transmission upper computer system and simultaneously skillfully matching with a temperature measuring lower computer, and obtains the temperature in the furnace through an algorithm, so that the surface temperature measured by the past thermocouple point measurement is distinguished, the temperature change in the furnace can be better reflected, the temperature is more accurate, the degree of automation is high, the continuous temperature measurement is realized, the labor intensity is reduced, and the system has good application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an on-line continuous temperature measurement method for an AOD furnace in the application.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the second and third steps in an on-line continuous temperature measurement method for an AOD furnace according to the present application.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an on-line continuous temperature measurement system for an AOD furnace according to the present application.
1-AOD furnace, 100-host computer, 200-bottom gun, 210-bottom blowing pipeline, 211-bottom blowing gas pipe, 212-main pipe, 220-cooling gas pipeline, 300-temperature detection device, 400-gas flow monitoring device, 500-observation window, 600-bottom blowing gas inlet, 700-cooling gas inlet.
Detailed Description
An AOD furnace on-line continuous temperature measurement system is characterized in that: comprises an upper computer 100, a bottom gun 200, a temperature detection device 300 and a gas flow monitoring device 400;
the upper computer 100 is arranged in a smelting control room;
the bottom gun 200, the temperature detection device 300 and the gas flow monitoring device 400 are all provided with communication devices, the communication devices are in wireless connection with the upper computer 100, and the upper computer 100 is also in data connection with an angle sensor of the AOD furnace;
the bottom gun 200 is arranged at the bottom of the AOD furnace, the bottom gun 200 comprises a bottom blowing pipeline 210 and a cooling gas pipeline 220, the cooling gas pipeline 220 is consistent with the bottom blowing pipeline 210 in shape, the cooling gas pipeline 220 is sleeved on the bottom blowing pipeline 210, and the cooling gas pipeline 220 is coincident with the central axis of the bottom blowing pipeline 210;
the blowing pipeline 210 comprises a bottom blowing gas pipe 211 and a main pipe 212, the bottom blowing gas pipe 211 and the main pipe 212 are integrally formed, an observation light window 500 is arranged at one end of the main pipe 212, the other end of the main pipe is connected with the AOD furnace, one end of the bottom blowing gas pipe 211 is connected with the main pipe 212, and a bottom blowing gas inlet 600 is arranged at the other end of the bottom blowing gas pipe;
a cooling gas inlet 700 is provided on the cooling gas line 220;
the temperature detection device 300 is arranged outside the observation light window 500;
the temperature detecting device 300 includes an infrared temperature sensor;
the number of the gas flow monitoring devices 400 is three, and the three gas flow monitoring devices are respectively arranged in gas pipelines of oxygen, argon and nitrogen;
the gas flow monitoring device 400 includes a gas pressure sensor and a flow sensor.
An online continuous temperature measurement method of an AOD furnace adopts the online continuous temperature measurement system of the AOD furnace, and is characterized in that: comprises the following steps in sequence
Step one, acquiring data
The upper computer 100 of the online continuous temperature measurement system of the AOD furnace reads the data of the angle sensor of the AOD furnace to obtain the furnace body inclination angle information of the AOD furnace; the upper computer 100 reads the data of the gas flow monitoring device 400 to obtain flow information of the oxygen, nitrogen and argon of the three gases at the moment;
step two, data judgment
According to the inclination angle information of the furnace body of the AOD furnace obtained in the step one, obtaining inclination state information of the AOD furnace, selecting whether to measure temperature according to the inclination state information of the AOD furnace, determining whether to measure temperature, and then selecting a temperature detecting device 300 on a furnace mouth or a bottom gun 200 to measure the temperature to read temperature data, and obtaining state information of the smelting step in the AOD furnace according to flow information of three gases, namely oxygen, nitrogen and argon obtained in the step one;
the method for selecting the temperature detection device 300 by using the inclination state information of the AOD furnace comprises the following steps:
when the angle data of the angle sensor is 0-30 degrees, the AOD furnace body is in a furnace standing state, and the upper computer 100 reads the temperature information of the temperature detection device 300 arranged on the bottom gun 200; when the angle is 30-65 ℃, the AOD furnace is in a charging state, and temperature measurement is not performed at the moment; when the angle is 70-95 ℃, the AOD furnace body is in a furnace tilting state, and temperature information of a temperature detection device 300 arranged at the AOD furnace mouth is adopted; when the angle is more than 100 ℃, tapping is finished after smelting, and temperature measurement is not performed at the moment;
step three, temperature calculation
And selecting different temperature operation formulas according to the inclination state information of the AOD furnace obtained in the step two and the state information of the smelting step, and taking the temperature data obtained in the step two into the selected temperature operation formulas to obtain the real temperature in the AOD furnace at the moment, wherein the obtained real temperature is displayed by connecting a display with the upper computer 100.
The state information judging method of the smelting step in the second step comprises the following steps:
AODwhen the furnace body is in the vertical furnace state, the gas flow monitoring device 400 detects that the oxygen flow is more than 20m 3 In the time of/min, the AOD furnace is in a large-scale converting state at the moment; when the oxygen flow is less than 20m 3 Per min, and the flow of nitrogen or argon is greater than 5m 3 At the time of/min, the AOD furnace is in a small-proportion converting state, and when no oxygen flow is provided and the nitrogen or argon flow is more than 10m 3 At/min, the AOD furnace is in a reduced state at the moment.
The temperature operation formula in the third step is selected in the following manner:
the AOD furnace body is in a tilting state, the temperature data of the furnace mouth temperature measuring device 300 are read, a non-contact infrared double-light colorimetric method is adopted as a temperature measuring mode, and at the moment, the temperature in the AOD furnace is calculated by the following steps:
wherein: t (T) S Color temperature, which is the data read by the temperature detecting device 300; t is the true temperature; c (C) 2 Is a second radiation constant; epsilon is emissivity;
λ 1 ＝800nm；λ 2 ＝1000nm；V 1 and V is equal to 2 Data returned by the furnace mouth temperature measuring device;
a is a compensation coefficient made according to field data;
the AOD furnace body is in a vertical furnace state, and reads temperature information of the temperature detection device 300 mounted on the bottom gun 200:
the method for calculating the reduction state comprises the following steps:
wherein: t (T) S Color temperature, which is the data read by the temperature detecting device 300; t is the true temperature; c (C) 2 Is a second radiation constant; epsilon is emissivity;
λ 1 ＝800nm；λ 2 ＝1000nm；V 1 and V is equal to 2 Temperature of the bottom gunData returned by the degree measuring device;
a is a compensation coefficient made according to field data;
r, H are the gas constant and the depth of the molten pool respectively;
T A ，T b the gas temperature at the nozzle and the temperature in the molten iron cavity are respectively;
n is the amount of material blown into the furnace gas per unit time;
Q a at pressure P a Bottom blowing gas flow rate below; the AOD furnace is at 1 standard atmospheric pressure;
ρ l is the density of molten steel;
ρ g，0 is the density of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
u 0 is the velocity of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
Q g，0 the volume flow of the gas at the outlet of the nozzle;
the calculating method of the large-proportion oxygen blowing state and the small-proportion oxygen blowing state comprises the following steps:
wherein: t (T) S Color temperature, which is the data read by the temperature detecting device 300; t is the true temperature; c (C) 2 Is a second radiation constant; epsilon is emissivity;
λ 1 ＝800nm；λ 2 ＝1000nm；V 1 and V is equal to 2 Data returned for the bottom gun temperature measuring device;
a is a compensation coefficient made according to field data;
r, H are the gas constant and the depth of the molten pool respectively;
T a ，T b the gas temperature at the nozzle and the temperature in the molten iron cavity are respectively;
n is the amount of material blown into the furnace gas per unit time;
Q a at pressure P a Bottom blowing gas flow rate below; the AOD furnace is at 1 standard atmospheric pressure;
ρ l is the density of molten steel;
ρ g，0 is the density of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
u 0 is the velocity of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
Q g，0 is the volumetric flow rate of the gas at the nozzle outlet.
Δt is the oxygen blowing time;
Q Ar ，Q CO flow rates (m) of Ar and CO, respectively 3 S), p being the total pressure;
V m ，ρ m the volume and the density of molten steel are respectively;
is a unit volume of molten steel;
ω[C] ％ ，ω[Cr] ％ respectively, [ C ]]And [ Cr]The content is as follows;
is [ C ]]Standard equilibrium constant, beta C Is [ C ]]Mass transfer coefficient in molten steel.
Through the device and the method, operators can accurately grasp the conditions in the AOD furnace, and the corresponding relation between each stage in smelting and the application is as follows:
after steel blending, pretreatment: at this time, the furnace is in a tilting state, the temperature of molten steel is between 1480 and 1550 ℃, the temperature measuring device 300 on the bottom gun 200 can expose the surface of molten steel to cause measuring errors, the system is automatically switched to the furnace mouth temperature measuring device 300 in advance according to signals (no gas flow and the angle between 70 and 95 degrees) transmitted by the gas flow monitoring device 400 and the AOD furnace angle, and at this time, the steel entering temperature of molten steel is further measured, so that preparation is made for the next temperature rise.
Large-scale converting: the main purpose of this stage in the smelting process is to raise the temperature of molten steel to 1590-1620 deg.C, and the infrared temperature measuring system of AOD furnace of this application isIn the method, the oxygen flow and the change of the furnace tilting angle are performed in advance (the oxygen flow is more than 20m 3 And/min, the angle is between 0 and 10 degrees), the operation of the furnace mouth temperature measuring device 300 is automatically stopped when the large-scale converting stage is judged to be carried out when the total oxygen is blown, the temperature measuring device 300 on the bottom gun 200 is adopted, the temperature change in the furnace can be monitored in real time through the temperature information fed back, the temperature rise rate in the pure oxygen state can be gradually reduced along with the temperature rise due to the oxidation selective reaction, an operator does not need to frequently tilt the furnace to measure the temperature and sample at the moment, the content of heating elements in the furnace can be known through the change of the temperature rise rate, and the large-scale converting is stopped when the temperature reaches the optimal decarburization temperature so as to enter the small-scale converting decarburization.
Blowing in a small proportion: when the temperature in the furnace reaches the optimal decarburization temperature, the conversion into small-scale blowing is needed, and the temperature of molten steel slowly rises to about 1780 ℃ at the highest temperature. Under the condition of hammering of different oxygen-argon ratios in small proportion, the oxidation decarburization reaction is more sufficient by stirring the molten steel by inert gas. At this time, the gas flow rate returned by the gas flow rate monitoring device 400 and the angle signal obtained by the angle sensor of the AOD furnace (oxygen flow rate is less than 20m 3 Flow rate of nitrogen and argon is 5m larger 3 And/min, the angle is between 0 and 10 degrees), the program judges that the small-proportion converting stage is entered, the temperature value transmitted by the bottom gun temperature measuring device 300 is fitted with the decarburization rate to deduce the temperature value, the operator changes the oxygen-argon ratio according to the speed of temperature change, so that the stirring and the oxidation reaction are more sufficient, the decarburization reaction is fully completed when the temperature is basically unchanged, the small-proportion converting stage can be jumped out, and the smelting time is shortened.
Decarburization end and prereduction: at this time, in a furnace tilting state, the bottom gun temperature measuring device 300 can expose the surface of the tapping liquid to cause measurement errors, the system is automatically switched to whether the temperature measured by the furnace mouth temperature measuring device 300 is above 1760 ℃ or not according to signals transmitted by the gas flow and the angle (no gas flow, the angle is between 70 and 95 ℃), when the temperature reaches the conditions of the reduction stage, the raw materials are initially added, and at this time, the accurate temperature can enable the reduction to be more smooth, and the smelting time is shortened.
Reduction stage: when the carbon content in the molten steel reaches the target, the decarburization period is predicted to be ended, the reduction period is started, the temperature in the furnace is the highest, and the temperature is gradually reduced along with the reduction in 1770-1810, so that oxygen elements in the molten steel are reduced. In the reduction stage, only argon or nitrogen is blown to stir molten steel, and at the moment, the gas flow rate returned by the gas flow rate monitoring device 400 and the angle signal obtained by the angle sensor of the AOD furnace (no oxygen, nitrogen or argon flow rate is 10m larger) 3 And/min, the angle is between 0 and 10 degrees), the system enters a temperature measuring module in the reduction stage. At this moment, the system is automatically converted into a bottom gun temperature measuring device, but the light intensity of the bottom gun is affected by the fact that the original entering reducing material is not melted in time in the reducing process, so that the measured temperature can drop suddenly, the adding time (angle is 30-65 degrees) of the raw material is judged in advance according to the AOD furnace angle signal, the variable k value is deduced through an algorithm in a program, the trend of the temperature measured by the bottom gun temperature measuring device is avoided, the condition of the sudden drop of the temperature is avoided, the drop trend is slowed down, the interference of external factors is reduced, and the temperature change in the reaction furnace is more real.
Before reduction is finished and tapping: and when the reduction stage is finished, the furnace tilting is finished, and the bottom gun temperature measuring device 300 is exposed out of molten steel under the furnace tilting state to cause measurement errors (no gas flow, the angle is between 70 and 95 ℃), and at the moment, the system is switched into a state that the furnace mouth temperature measuring device 300 is mainly used for measuring temperature, continuous online monitoring is carried out, and whether the temperature is between 1600 and 1650 ℃ is judged through the fed-back temperature, so that the tapping requirement is met.
To sum up, the disadvantages of the prior art are improved. After the steel is added and in the pretreatment stage, the traditional process needs to be inclined to measure the temperature, the steel feeding temperature is known, the process is improved, the inclined furnace is not needed after the steel is added by the temperature measuring system, and the process directly enters the next blowing according to the temperature measured by the bottom gun temperature measuring device 300; the main purpose of the stage is to raise the temperature of molten steel to reach the decarburization temperature, the traditional process can only rely on the experience of operators to grasp the time, so that frequent furnace tilting temperature measurement can be caused to see whether the temperature reaches the requirement, a large amount of time and oxygen can be wasted, the process is improved, and the operators can judge the moment of reaching the optimal decarburization temperature only by observing the temperature fed back by a temperature measuring system, so that the next smelting stage can be started; the small-proportion blowing is mainly performed, the decarburization is mainly performed at the stage, oxygen is fully reacted with carbon elements in molten steel through stirring of inert gas, time is still mastered by experience of operators in the traditional process, frequent furnace tilting, temperature measurement and sampling are performed, time is wasted, workers are tired in frequent operation, the process is improved, operators can judge the decarburization progress condition by only observing temperature change fed back by a temperature measuring system, temperature change is mastered in real time, and safety accidents caused by overhigh blowing temperature are avoided. In the prior art, a large amount of inert gas is blown at the stage, so that an operator still judges temperature change by experience, grasps the time of inaccurately adding the returned raw material, wastes time, and also frequently heats and cools the waste gas, improves the process, and can accurately find the optimal time of adding the returned raw material, shortens smelting time and saves production cost by the temperature fed back by a temperature measuring system; before tapping, the temperature before tapping is adopted at the stage, in the traditional process, if the tapping temperature is too low, the temperature can be returned to be raised again, if the tapping temperature is too high, not only splashing is easily caused when the tapping is poured into a ladle, but also the tapping temperature is required to be lowered in the following pouring process, and in the new process, an operator can grasp the tapping temperature through the temperature fed back by a temperature measuring system.
The novel process is applied to production, greatly reduces the manual operation difficulty, ensures that operators can better grasp the temperature change in the furnace, avoids the loss caused by manual judgment errors, gets rid of the spot measurement mode of the existing thermocouple, ensures that the measurement is more accurate, saves the smelting cost, and improves the production benefit.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. An online continuous temperature measurement method of an AOD furnace, which uses an online continuous temperature measurement system of the AOD furnace, comprises an upper computer (100), a bottom gun (200), a temperature detection device (300) and a gas flow monitoring device (400); the upper computer (100) is arranged in the smelting control room; the bottom gun (200), the temperature detection device (300) and the gas flow monitoring device (400) are respectively provided with a communication device, the communication devices are in wireless connection with the upper computer (100), and the upper computer (100) is also in data connection with an angle sensor of the AOD furnace; the bottom gun (200) is arranged at the bottom of the AOD furnace, the bottom gun (200) comprises a bottom blowing pipeline (210) and a cooling gas pipeline (220), the shape of the cooling gas pipeline (220) is consistent with that of the bottom blowing pipeline (210), the cooling gas pipeline (220) is sleeved on the bottom blowing pipeline (210), and the cooling gas pipeline (220) is coincident with the central axis of the bottom blowing pipeline (210); the blowing pipeline (210) comprises a bottom blowing gas pipe (211) and a main pipe (212), the bottom blowing gas pipe (211) and the main pipe (212) are integrally formed, one end of the main pipe (212) is provided with an observation light window (500), the other end of the main pipe is connected with the AOD furnace, one end of the bottom blowing gas pipe (211) is connected with the main pipe (212), and the other end of the bottom blowing gas pipe is provided with a bottom blowing gas inlet (600); a cooling gas inlet (700) is arranged on the cooling gas pipeline (220); a temperature detection device (300) is arranged outside the observation light window (500); the temperature detection device (300) comprises an infrared temperature sensor; the number of the gas flow monitoring devices (400) is three, and the three gas flow monitoring devices are respectively arranged in gas pipelines of oxygen, argon and nitrogen; the gas flow monitoring device (400) comprises a gas pressure sensor and a flow sensor; the method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps in sequence
Step one, acquiring data
An upper computer (100) of the online continuous temperature measurement system of the AOD furnace reads data of an angle sensor of the AOD furnace to obtain furnace body inclination angle information of the AOD furnace; the upper computer (100) reads the data of the gas flow monitoring device (400) to obtain flow information of the oxygen, nitrogen and argon of the three gases at the moment;
step two, data judgment
According to the inclination angle information of the furnace body of the AOD furnace obtained in the step one, obtaining inclination state information of the AOD furnace, selecting whether to measure temperature according to the inclination state information of the AOD furnace, determining that temperature measurement is required, and then selecting a temperature detection device (300) on a furnace mouth or a bottom gun (200) to measure temperature to read temperature data, and obtaining state information of the smelting step in the AOD furnace according to flow information of three gases, namely oxygen, nitrogen and argon obtained in the step one;
the method for selecting the temperature detection device (300) by using the inclination state information of the AOD furnace comprises the following steps:
when the angle data of the angle sensor is 0-30 degrees, the AOD furnace body is in a furnace standing state, and the upper computer (100) reads the temperature information of a temperature detection device (300) arranged on the bottom gun (200); when the angle is 30-65 ℃, the AOD furnace is in a charging state, and temperature measurement is not performed at the moment; when the angle is 70-95 ℃, the AOD furnace body is in a tilting state, and temperature information of a temperature detection device (300) arranged at the AOD furnace mouth is adopted; when the angle is more than 100 ℃, tapping is finished after smelting, and temperature measurement is not performed at the moment;
step three, temperature calculation
And selecting different temperature operation formulas according to the inclination state information of the AOD furnace obtained in the step two and the state information of the smelting step, and taking the temperature data obtained in the step two into the selected temperature operation formulas to obtain the real temperature in the AOD furnace at the moment, wherein the obtained real temperature is displayed by connecting a display with an upper computer (100).
2. The online continuous temperature measurement method of an AOD furnace according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the state information judging method of the smelting step in the second step comprises the following steps:
when the AOD furnace body is in a vertical furnace state, the gas flow monitoring device (400) detects that the oxygen flow is more than 20m 3 In the time of/min, the AOD furnace is in a large-scale converting state at the moment; when the oxygen flow is less than 20m 3 Per min, and the flow of nitrogen or argon is greater than 5m 3 At the time of/min, the AOD furnace is in a small-proportion converting state, and when no oxygen existsThe gas flow rate is greater than 10m 3 At/min, the AOD furnace is in a reduced state at the moment.
3. The online continuous temperature measurement method of an AOD furnace according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature operation formula in the third step is selected in the following manner:
the AOD furnace body is in a tilting state, temperature data of a furnace mouth temperature measuring device (300) are read, a non-contact infrared double-light colorimetric method is adopted in a temperature measuring mode, and at the moment, the temperature in the AOD furnace is calculated by the following steps:
wherein: t (T) S Is the color temperature, is the data read by the temperature detection device (300); t is the true temperature; c (C) 2 Is a second radiation constant; epsilon is emissivity;
λ 1 ＝800nm；λ 2 ＝1000nm；V 1 and V is equal to 2 Data returned for the furnace mouth temperature measuring device (300);
a is a compensation coefficient made according to field data;
the AOD furnace body is in a vertical furnace state, and temperature information of a temperature detection device (300) arranged on the bottom gun (200) is read:
the method for calculating the reduction state comprises the following steps:
wherein: t (T) S Is the color temperature, is the data read by the temperature detection device (300); t is the true temperature; c (C) 2 Is a second radiation constant; epsilon is emissivity;
λ 1 ＝800nm；λ 2 ＝1000nm；V 1 and V is equal to 2 Data returned from a temperature measuring device (300) mounted for the bottom gun (200);
a is a compensation coefficient made according to field data;
r, H are the gas constant and the depth of the molten pool respectively;
T a ，T b the gas temperature at the nozzle and the temperature in the molten iron cavity are respectively;
n is the amount of material blown into the furnace gas per unit time;
Q a at pressure P a Bottom blowing gas flow rate below; the AOD furnace is at 1 standard atmospheric pressure;
ρ l is the density of molten steel;
ρ g,0 is the density of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
u 0 is the velocity of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
Q g,0 the volume flow of the gas at the outlet of the nozzle;
the calculating method of the large-proportion oxygen blowing state and the small-proportion oxygen blowing state comprises the following steps:
wherein: t (T) S Is the color temperature, is the data read by the temperature detection device (300); t is the true temperature; c (C) 2 Is a second radiation constant; epsilon is emissivity;
λ 1 ＝800nm；λ 2 ＝1000nm；V 1 and V is equal to 2 Data returned from a temperature measuring device (300) mounted for the bottom gun (200);
a is a compensation coefficient made according to field data;
r, H are the gas constant and the depth of the molten pool respectively;
T a ，T b the gas temperature at the nozzle and the temperature in the molten iron cavity are respectively;
n is the amount of material blown into the furnace gas per unit time;
Q a at pressure P a Bottom blowing gas flow rate below; the AOD furnace is at 1 standard atmospheric pressure;
ρ l is the density of molten steel;
ρ g,0 is in the gas stateDensity at the nozzle outlet;
u 0 is the velocity of the gas at the nozzle outlet;
Q g,0 the volume flow of the gas at the outlet of the nozzle;
Δt is the oxygen blowing time;
Q Ar ，Q CO flow rates (m) of Ar and CO, respectively 3 S), p being the total pressure;
V m ，ρ m the volume and the density of molten steel are respectively;
is a unit volume of molten steel;
ω[C] ％ ，ω[Cr] ％ respectively, [ C ]]And [ Cr]The content is as follows;
is [ C ]]Standard equilibrium constant, beta C Is [ C ]]Mass transfer coefficient in molten steel.
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