CN113654582A - 一种利用少模fbg-fp同时测量应变和温度的方案 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种利用少模FBG‑FP同时测量应变和温度的方案。包括窄线宽光源模块、少模FBG‑FP模块、PDH解调模块以及反馈控制模块。由两个与少模FBG‑FP模式相对应波长的窄线宽光纤光源经过光纤耦合器耦合束后向后传递，由直波导调制器进行相位调制，经过光纤环形器后入射至少模FBG‑FP之后，反射回来的两个模式谐振峰再次经过光纤环形器后由光子灯笼将其分离，入射至光电探测器转换为电信号，进入锁相放大模块后得到两个模式的PDH误差信号，由FPGA分别对各PDH信号进行处理。这种方案以单根光纤完成对多参量的同时测量，首次对少模精细光栅结构的传感特性进行探索。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及的是光纤传感领域，具体是涉及到一种利用少模FBG-FP同时测量应变和温度的方案。
背景技术：
少模光纤在单模光纤的基础上扩展出有限的模式，提供光纤中新的自由度，以提高光纤系统的频谱利用率。近年来少模光纤逐步被用于光纤通信领域之中，用以扩展光纤传输带宽，而在光纤传感领域的应用有待深入研究，对于少模光纤传感技术的调制解调手段亟待得到更迭。
在少模光纤刻写光纤布拉格光栅，获取多个频谱特性，以实现多参量的监测，然而目前普通的少模光纤布拉格光栅所能实现的参量分辨率有限，且传感解调手段非实时、低精度，例如张祖兴等人提出的一种基于倾斜少模光纤光栅的扭转传感器(张祖兴,顾昌晟,张婕,刘心宇.一种基于倾斜少模光纤光栅的扭转传感器[P].江苏省：CN107421469B,2019-07-16.)以及张卫华等人提出的一种基于少模光纤和布拉格光栅的气体浓度传感器(张卫华,童峥嵘.一种基于少模光纤和布拉格光栅的气体浓度传感器[P].天津：CN106769875A,2017-05-31.)都是利用光谱仪系统来监测传感单元，难以实现实时传感信息的输出。
发明内容：
一种利用少模FBG-FP同时测量应变和温度的方案，包括窄线宽光源模块、少模FBG-FP模块、PDH解调模块以及反馈控制模块；
所述窄线宽光源模块包含窄线宽激光器.1(1)、窄线宽激光器.2(2)、光纤耦合器(3)、直波导调制器(4)；
所述少模FBG-FP模块包含光纤环形器(5)、少模FBG-FP(少模基于光纤布拉格光栅的法布里珀罗干涉仪)(6)、光子灯笼(7)；
所述PDH解调模块包含光电探测器.1(8)、光电探测器.2(9)、函数发生器(10)、锁相放大模块(11)；
所述反馈控制模块包含FPGA(12)、PID.1(13)及PID.2(14)；
所述窄线宽激光器.1(1)与窄线宽激光器.2(2)经过光纤耦合器(3)合束后往后传递，经过直波导调制器(4)进行相位调制，经过光纤环形器(5)后入射至少模FBG-FP(6)之后，反射回来的两个模式谐振峰再次经过光纤环形器(5)后由光子灯笼(7)将其分离，然后分别入射至光电探测器.1(8)与光电探测器.2(9)转换为电信号，进入锁相放大模块(11)后得到两个模式的PDH误差信号，由FPGA(12)分别对各PDH误差信号进行处理，PID.1(13)与PID.2(14)根据FPGA(12)提供的信息分别对光源反馈锁定。
所述窄线宽激光器.1(1)的中心波长在少模FBG-FP(6)的基模波长范围内，窄线宽激光器.2(2)的中心波长在少模FBG-FP(6)的高阶模式波长范围内；
所述窄线宽激光器.1(1)和窄线宽激光器.2(2)具备外部波长电压调谐功能；
所述直波导调制器(SPM)(4)对激光信号进行相位调制，其中调制信号由函数发生器(10)提供；
所述直波导调制器(4)可由具备光相位调制的器件替代，例如相位调制器，Y波导等相位调制器件。
所述少模FBG-FP(6)使用的少模光纤为两模或者四模少模光纤。
所述少模FBG-FP(6)为少模光纤布拉格光栅法布里珀罗干涉仪，在少模光纤上刻写两个参数一致的光纤布拉格光栅；
所述少模FBG-FP(6)通过与单模光纤错芯焊接或者使用模式激励器，实现等能量强度的基模与高阶模式激励；
所述少模FBG-FP(6)的反射谐振峰在光谱域上形式为存在强度相近的基模与高阶模式光纤布拉格光栅反射峰形式的包络，在包络之中存在精细的法布里珀罗干涉引起的精细透射峰(谐振峰)结构；
所述光子灯笼(模式分离器)(Mode Selective Photonic Lantern)(7)提供两个模式通道，将反射的两个模式的谐振峰分离；
所述光电探测器.1(8)与光电探测器.2(9)带宽高于函数发生器(10)提供的调制信号频率；
所述光电探测器.1(8)实现对基模波长下精细谐振峰的探测，光电探测器.2(9)实现对高阶模式波长下精细谐振峰的探测；
所述锁相放大器模块(11)将函数发生器(10)提供的调制信号与光电探测器.1(8)及光电探测器.2(9)采集的信号进行混频、滤波等信号处理过程，获得基模与高阶模式波长下的PDH误差信号；
所述FPGA(12)对锁相放大器模块(11)提供的PDH误差信号进行采集、零点识别及线性区斜率估算等信号处理过程，同时据此配置后续PID.1(13)及PID.2(14)的参数；
所述PID.1(13)根据基模波长下的PDH误差信号信息将窄线宽激光器.1(1)反馈锁定至基模波长下的窄线宽谐振峰，PID.2(14)根据高阶模式波长下的PDH误差信号信息将窄线宽激光器.2(2)反馈锁定至高阶模式波长下的窄线宽谐振峰；
所述一种利用少模FBG-FP同时测量应变和温度的方案为当温度与应变同时加载至少模FBG-FP(6)上时，两个模式对温度与应变灵敏度存在差异，即PID.1(13)与PID.2(14)的反馈输出是不一致的，根据基模与高阶模式对温度及应变的灵敏度来实现对应变与温度的解算；
所述少模FBG-FP(6)中基模对应变的灵敏度为kB_ε，对温度的灵敏度为kB_T，高阶模式对应变的灵敏度为kLP_ε，对温度的灵敏度为kLP_T，基模谐振峰波长为λB，高阶模式谐振峰波长为λLP，那么少模FBG-FP(6)的对外界应变及温度变化的传感原理为：
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明提供一种利用少模FBG-FP同时测量应变和温度的方案，在少模光纤上刻写基于光纤布拉格光栅的法布里珀罗干涉仪(少模FBG-FP)在基模与高阶模式谐振峰中引入精细透射峰，引入激光稳频中的PDH技术，设计基于PDH技术的解调方案，分别实时解调两个模式的精细透射峰，以实现单根光纤对温度及应变参量的高精度监测。本发明提供少模光纤传感系统实时解调方案，充分利用少模光纤的模式特征，具备多参量、高精度、实时性、大动态范围以及高带宽等优点，具备较大的应用潜力。
附图说明：
图1为本发明提供的一种利用少模FBG-FP同时测量应变和温度的方案图。
图2为本发明中少模FBG-FP光谱图(由光谱仪测得)。
图3为本发明中光栅谐振峰扫频图(由窄线宽激光器测得)。
图4为本发明传感原理示意图。
具体实施方式：
为了更加清楚的说明本发明是一种利用少模FBG-FP同时测量应变和温度的方案。下面对本发明的实施作详细的说明，本实施在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行的，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
如图1所示，本实施例包括：包括窄线宽光源模块、少模FBG-FP模块、PDH解调模块以及反馈控制模块。其中，窄线宽光源模块包含窄线宽激光器.1(1)、窄线宽激光器.2(2)、光纤耦合器(3)、直波导调制器(4)；少模FBG-FP模块包含光纤环形器(5)、少模FBG-FP(少模基于光纤布拉格光栅的法布里珀罗干涉仪)(6)、光子灯笼(7)；PDH解调模块包含光电探测器.1(8)、光电探测器.2(9)、函数发生器(10)、锁相放大模块(11)；反馈控制模块包含FPGA(12)、PID.1(13)及PID.2(14)。
窄线宽激光器.1(1)与窄线宽激光器.2(2)经过光纤耦合器(3)合束后往后传递，经过直波导调制器(4)进行相位调制，经过光纤环形器(5)后入射至少模FBG-FP(6)之后，反射回来的两个模式谐振峰再次经过光纤环形器(5)后由光子灯笼(7)将其分离，然后分别入射至光电探测器.1(8)与光电探测器.2(9)转换为电信号，进入锁相放大模块(11)后得到两个模式的PDH误差信号，由FPGA(12)分别对各PDH误差信号进行处理，PID.1(13)与PID.2(14)根据FPGA(12)提供的信息分别对光源反馈锁定。
其中，窄线宽激光器.1(1)的中心波长在少模FBG-FP(6)的基模波长范围内，窄线宽激光器.2(2)的中心波长在少模FBG-FP(6)的高阶模式波长范围内；且窄线宽激光器.1(1)和窄线宽激光器.2(2)具备外部波长电压调谐功能。
直波导调制器(SPM)(4)对激光信号进行相位调制，调制信号由函数发生器(10)提供其中，直波导调制器(4)可由具备光相位调制的器件替代，例如相位调制器，Y波导等相位调制器件。调制效果为：
E＝exp[i(ω+βsin(Ω))t]
核心传感元件少模FBG-FP(6)为少模光纤布拉格光栅法布里珀罗干涉仪，使用的少模光纤为两模或者四模少模光纤，在少模光纤上刻写两个参数一致的光纤布拉格光栅；通过与单模光纤错芯焊接或者使用模式激励器，实现等能量强度的基模与高阶模式激励；少模FBG-FP(6)的反射谐振峰在光谱域上形式为存在强度相近的基模与高阶模式光纤布拉格光栅反射峰形式的包络，如图2所示，在包络之中存在精细的法布里珀罗干涉引起的精细透射峰(谐振峰)结构，如图3所示；光子灯笼(模式分离器)(Mode Selective PhotonicLantern)(7)提供两个模式通道，将反射的两个模式的谐振峰分离，注入PDH解调模块中。
在PDH解调模块中，光电探测器.1(8)实现对基模波长下精细谐振峰的探测，光电探测器.2(9)实现对高阶模式波长下精细谐振峰的探测；光电探测器.1(8)与光电探测器.2(9)带宽高于函数发生器(10)提供的调制信号频率；锁相放大器模块(11)将函数发生器(10)提供的调制信号与光电探测器.1(8)及光电探测器.2(9)采集的信号进行混频、滤波等信号处理过程，获得基模与高阶模式波长下的PDH误差信号，如图4所示，PDH误差信号的理论模型描述为：
在反馈控制模块中，FPGA(12)对锁相放大器模块(11)提供的PDH误差信号进行采集、零点识别及线性区斜率估算等信号处理过程，同时据此配置后续PID.1(13)及PID.2(14)的参数；PID.1(13)根据基模波长下的PDH误差信号信息将窄线宽激光器.1(1)反馈锁定至基模波长下的窄线宽谐振峰，PID.2(14)根据高阶模式波长下的PDH误差信号信息将窄线宽激光器.2(2)反馈锁定至高阶模式波长下的窄线宽谐振峰，如图4所示。
当温度与应变同时加载至少模FBG-FP(6)上时，两个模式对温度与应变灵敏度存在差异，即PID.1(13)与PID.2(14)的反馈输出是不一致的，根据基模与高阶模式对温度及应变的灵敏度来实现对应变与温度的解算；少模FBG-FP(6)中基模对应变的灵敏度为kB_ε，对温度的灵敏度为kB_T，高阶模式对应变的灵敏度为kLP_ε，对温度的灵敏度为kLP_T，基模谐振峰波长为λB，高阶模式谐振峰波长为λLP，那么少模FBG-FP(6)的对外界应变及温度变化的传感原理为：
本发明是少模光纤传感领域的新技术，提出一种少模光纤传感领域的实时解调方案，充分利用少模光纤的模式特征，具备多参量、高精度、实时性、大动态范围以及高带宽等优点，具备较大的应用潜力。以上所述的具体实施例仅为本发明的最佳具体实施实例而已，并不是用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神的原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种利用少模FBG-FP同时测量应变和温度的方案，包括窄线宽光源模块、少模FBG-FP模块、PDH解调模块以及反馈控制模块；
所述窄线宽光源模块包含窄线宽激光器.1(1)、窄线宽激光器.2(2)、光纤耦合器(3)、直波导调制器(4)；
所述少模FBG-FP模块包含光纤环形器(5)、少模FBG-FP(少模基于光纤布拉格光栅的法布里珀罗干涉仪)(6)、光子灯笼(7)；
所述PDH解调模块包含光电探测器.1(8)、光电探测器.2(9)、函数发生器(10)、锁相放大模块(11)；
所述反馈控制模块包含FPGA(12)、PID.1(13)及PID.2(14)；
所述窄线宽激光器.1(1)与窄线宽激光器.2(2)经过光纤耦合器(3)合束后往后传递，经过直波导调制器(4)进行相位调制，经过光纤环形器(5)后入射至少模FBG-FP(6)之后，反射回来的两个模式谐振峰再次经过光纤环形器(5)后由光子灯笼(7)将其分离，然后分别入射至光电探测器.1(8)与光电探测器.2(9)转换为电信号，进入锁相放大模块(11)后得到两个模式的PDH误差信号，由FPGA(12)分别对各PDH误差信号进行处理，PID.1(13)与PID.2(14)根据FPGA(12)提供的信息分别对光源反馈锁定。
所述窄线宽激光器.1(1)的中心波长在少模FBG-FP(6)的基模波长范围内，窄线宽激光器.2(2)的中心波长在少模FBG-FP(6)的高阶模式波长范围内；
所述窄线宽激光器.1(1)和窄线宽激光器.2(2)具备外部波长电压调谐功能；
所述直波导调制器(SPM)(4)对激光信号进行相位调制，其中调制信号由函数发生器(10)提供；
所述直波导调制器(4)可由具备光相位调制的器件替代，例如相位调制器，Y波导等相位调制器件。
所述少模FBG-FP(6)使用的少模光纤为两模或者四模少模光纤。
所述少模FBG-FP(6)为少模光纤布拉格光栅法布里珀罗干涉仪，在少模光纤上刻写两个参数一致的光纤布拉格光栅；
所述少模FBG-FP(6)通过与单模光纤错芯焊接或者使用模式激励器，实现等能量强度的基模与高阶模式激励；
所述少模FBG-FP(6)的反射谐振峰在光谱域上形式为存在强度相近的基模与高阶模式光纤布拉格光栅反射峰形式的包络，在包络之中存在精细的法布里珀罗干涉引起的精细透射峰(谐振峰)结构；
所述光子灯笼(模式分离器)(Mode Selective Photonic Lantern)(7)提供两个模式通道，将反射的两个模式的谐振峰分离；
所述光电探测器.1(8)与光电探测器.2(9)带宽高于函数发生器(10)提供的调制信号频率；
所述光电探测器.1(8)实现对基模波长下精细谐振峰的探测，光电探测器.2(9)实现对高阶模式波长下精细谐振峰的探测；
所述锁相放大器模块(11)将函数发生器(10)提供的调制信号与光电探测器.1(8)及光电探测器.2(9)采集的信号进行混频、滤波等信号处理过程，获得基模与高阶模式波长下的PDH误差信号；
所述FPGA(12)对锁相放大器模块(11)提供的PDH误差信号进行采集、零点识别及线性区斜率估算等信号处理过程，同时据此配置后续PID.1(13)及PID.2(14)的参数；
所述PID.1(13)根据基模波长下的PDH误差信号信息将窄线宽激光器.1(1)反馈锁定至基模波长下的窄线宽谐振峰，PID.2(14)根据高阶模式波长下的PDH误差信号信息将窄线宽激光器.2(2)反馈锁定至高阶模式波长下的窄线宽谐振峰；
所述一种利用少模FBG-FP同时测量应变和温度的方案为当温度与应变同时加载至少模FBG-FP(6)上时，两个模式对温度与应变灵敏度存在差异，即PID.1(13)与PID.2(14)的反馈输出是不一致的，根据基模与高阶模式对温度及应变的灵敏度来实现对应变与温度的解算；
所述少模FBG-FP(6)中基模对应变的灵敏度为kB_ε，对温度的灵敏度为kB_T，高阶模式对应变的灵敏度为kLP_ε，对温度的灵敏度为kLP_T，基模谐振峰波长为λB，高阶模式谐振峰波长为λLP，那么少模FBG-FP(6)的对外界应变及温度变化的传感原理为：
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