CN113652251A

CN113652251A - Biomass thermal cracking device and method

Info

Publication number: CN113652251A
Application number: CN202111027899.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张荣鑫
Original assignee: Henan Wanheqi Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Henan Wanheqi Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-02
Filing date: 2021-09-02
Publication date: 2021-11-16

Abstract

The invention provides a biomass pyrolysis device which comprises a gasification furnace and a fuel gas separation device communicated with the gasification furnace, wherein the gasification furnace comprises a furnace body, the top of the furnace body is provided with an opening, a cover plate mechanism is movably arranged on the opening, the side surface of the furnace body is provided with a locking mechanism for fixing the cover plate mechanism, the bottom in the furnace body is provided with an ignition mechanism, and the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a waste material cleaning mechanism. The biomass pyrolysis device can be used for pyrolyzing biomass at a lower temperature by matching with the catalyst, and the biomass in one furnace can be pyrolyzed to produce more fuel gas, so that the loss of the biomass is less.

Description

Biomass thermal cracking device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis, in particular to a biomass thermal cracking device and a biomass thermal cracking method.

Background

Biomass refers to various organisms produced by photosynthesis using the atmosphere, water, land, and the like, that is, all living and growing organic substances are generally called biomass, and includes all plants, microorganisms, animals using plants and microorganisms as food, and wastes produced by the animals, such as crops, crop wastes, wood wastes, animal wastes, household garbage, domestic sewage, and representative biomass includes various straws, woods, rice hulls, peanut shells, corn cobs, seaweeds, bagasse, straws, excrement, organic wastes, and the like.

The biomass is mainly characterized in that: reproducibilityLow pollution, rich total amount and wide distribution. The biomass has low sulfur content and nitrogen content, and SO generated in the combustion process₂、NO_XLittle, biomass as a fuel, due to the CO it requires for growth₂Corresponding to the CO discharged by it₂Amount of, thus CO to the atmosphere₂The net emission is approximately zero. The total amount of biomass fuel is very rich, and biomass energy is the fourth largest energy source in the world and is second to coal, petroleum and natural gas. According to the estimation of biologists, the annual production of biomass growing in the world is 1400-1800 billion tons, which is equivalent to 10 times of the total energy consumption in the world. With the development of agriculture and forestry, especially the popularization of carbon-firewood forest, biomass resources will be more and more, and the specific gravity of biomass energy will be larger and larger.

However, the existing biomass pyrolysis basically adopts high-temperature carbonization, the high-temperature carbonization has higher requirements on temperature, and the loss of the high-temperature carbonization to the biomass pyrolysis is overlarge when wood charcoal and fuel gas are prepared.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the invention provides a biomass pyrolysis device and method, which can pyrolyze biomass by using a lower temperature and a catalyst in cooperation, and as a same furnace of biomass can pyrolyze more fuel gas, the biomass loss is less.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a biomass pyrolysis device which comprises a gasification furnace and a fuel gas separation device communicated with the gasification furnace, wherein the gasification furnace comprises a furnace body, the top of the furnace body is provided with an opening, a cover plate mechanism is movably arranged on the opening, a locking mechanism for fixing the cover plate mechanism is arranged on the side surface of the furnace body, an ignition mechanism is arranged at the bottom in the furnace body, and a waste cleaning mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body.

Furthermore, the apron mechanism includes roof and the bounding wall that the roof border set up, the roof includes the structural slab on upper strata and the heat insulating board that the structural slab lower surface set up, the upper surface of structural slab sets up the reinforcement crossbeam, the center of structural slab sets up hangs the mechanism.

Furthermore, the size of the heat insulation plate is consistent with the size of the opening, the size of the inner side of the enclosing plate is consistent with the size of the periphery of the top of the furnace body, a circle of groove is formed between the heat insulation plate and the enclosing plate, and a circle of heat insulation ring matched with the groove is arranged at the top end of the furnace body.

Further, the both sides of center set up the depression bar on the roof, the both ends downward activity of depression bar sets up presses the rope, the locking mechanism includes the U type link plate that the furnace body side set up, the axial vertical setting of U type link plate, the lower extreme of U type link plate is the arc, the lower extreme inboard of U type link plate sets up the draw-in groove, press the lower extreme setting of rope and draw-in groove complex horizontal pole.

Further, light the rectangular pipe that the mechanism includes the inboard lower part setting of gasifier, the centre of rectangular pipe is through baffle interval play air shower nozzle and gas shower nozzle, air shower nozzle and first air feed mechanism intercommunication, gas shower nozzle and second air feed mechanism intercommunication, the rectangular pipe front end sets up the ignition needle.

Further, first air feed mechanism includes the first connector that air shower nozzle's rear end set up, first connector and air shower nozzle's inside intercommunication, first connector and first air supply pipe intercommunication, first air supply pipe passes the gasifier and sets up the air pump intercommunication in the external world.

Further, the second air supply mechanism includes the setting second connector of gas shower nozzle's rear end, the inside intercommunication of second connector and gas shower nozzle, second connector and second air supply pipe intercommunication, the second air supply pipe passes gasifier and external gas pipeline intercommunication, set up control valve and flowmeter on the second air supply pipe.

Further, waste material clearance mechanism includes the bin outlet that the gasifier bottom set up, corresponds the bin outlet activity sets up the shrouding, the medial surface setting of shrouding with bin outlet complex heat insulating block, the shrouding both sides set up the through-hole, it sets up the screw hole to correspond the through-hole on the gasifier, through-hole and threaded hole insert and set up fastening bolt, fastening bolt's tip sets up rotatory handle.

Further, a discharging mechanism is arranged in the furnace body and comprises a bottom plate and a fence vertically arranged on the periphery of the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the fence are made of high-temperature-resistant steel parts.

Further, the gas separation device comprises a cyclone dust collector, a tar removing mechanism and a vapor removing mechanism which are sequentially communicated with the gasification furnace.

A method for thermal cracking of biomass, comprising the steps of:

the biomass is treated and then sent into a gasification furnace, an ignition mechanism is started to heat, heating is stopped and oxygen control is carried out after the temperature in the furnace is raised to 400-500 ℃, oxygen is not filled into the furnace, the biomass is carbonized, the generated fuel gas is guided into a fuel gas separation mechanism, tar and dehydration steam are carried out after dust removal, and tar, acetic acid liquid and combustible gas are separated to be recovered and stored.

Furthermore, the biomass is treated by crushing and cutting when carbon blocks are manufactured.

Further, when the biomass is sent into the gasification furnace, the biomass is put in through the material discharging mechanism, and catalytic enzyme and plasticizer are uniformly sprayed when the biomass is conveyed to the material discharging mechanism.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the gasifier has better sealing performance, can well control the combustion in the gasifier, and can carry out pyrolysis on the biomass in the gasifier at a lower temperature by igniting a part of the biomass and carrying out heat preservation after the temperature in the gasifier is raised after the catalyst is added, so that less biomass is consumed.

In addition, the discharging mechanism is arranged in the furnace body, so that the material can be discharged and discharged integrally, and the furnace can discharge the material through feeding at the upper end, so that the discharging and feeding speeds are higher while the sealing performance is ensured;

in addition, the cover plate mechanism is matched with the locking mechanism, and the cover plate mechanism can be better attached to the upper end of the furnace body, so that the sealing performance of the cover plate mechanism is greatly improved, and the heat insulation performance and the oxygen isolation performance of the furnace body are better;

in addition, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a waste cleaning mechanism, so that ash at the bottom of the furnace body can be cleaned after pyrolysis, and the ash in the furnace body is directly discharged from the waste cleaning mechanism after being cleaned and gathered.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal biomass cracking apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the locking mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the cover mechanism of the present invention

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the ignition mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the waste cleaning mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the discharge mechanism of the present invention.

1. Enclosing plates; 2. pressing a rope; 3. a pressure lever; 4. a structural panel; 5. a heat insulation plate; 6. a hanging mechanism; 7. a heat insulating ring; 8. a groove; 9. a furnace body; 10. a U-shaped hanging plate; 11. a cross bar; 12. a card slot; 13. a top plate; 14. reinforcing the cross beam; 15. an air shower; 16. a first connector; 17. a first gas supply pipe; 18. an air pump; 19. a gas burner; 20. a second connector; 21. a partition plate; 22. a second gas supply pipe; 23. a flow meter; 24. a control valve; 25. a gas pipeline; 26. a heat insulation block; 27. closing the plate; 28. a discharge outlet; 29. rotating the handle; 30. a through hole; 31. a threaded hole; 32. fastening a bolt; 33. a fence; 34. a base plate.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6 of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1-6: the utility model provides a living beings thermal cracking device, includes the gasifier and with the gas separator of gasifier intercommunication, the gasifier includes furnace body 9, the top of furnace body 9 sets up the opening, the activity sets up apron mechanism on the opening, furnace body 9 side sets up the locking mechanism of fixed apron mechanism, the mechanism is lighted in the bottom setting in furnace body 9, the bottom of furnace body 9 sets up waste material clearance mechanism.

The gas separation device comprises a cyclone dust collector, a tar removal mechanism and a vapor removal mechanism which are sequentially communicated with the gasification furnace.

Particularly, the top of gasifier is the opening, and its top activity sets up apron mechanism, and after the living beings blowing, the portal crane through in the factory building lifts apron mechanism and carries out the shutoff to the opening, then dies the apron mechanism lock at furnace body 9 top through locking the mechanism, and locking the mechanism can stimulate apron mechanism downwards for apron mechanism and the contact of furnace body 9 top are inseparabler, and the leakproofness is better. After the biomass is put into the furnace body 9, the biomass is supplied with fuel gas and air (oxygen) for combustion through the ignition mechanism, after a period of time for combustion, the temperature in the furnace body 9 is raised, the ignition mechanism is closed, the furnace body 9 is subjected to heat preservation and pyrolysis, the generated combustible gas, tar and the like enter the fuel gas separation mechanism, and the biomass gas is prepared through operations of dust removal, tar removal, vapor dehydration and the like.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figures 1-5,

the cover plate mechanism comprises a top plate 13 and a surrounding plate 1 arranged at the edge of the top plate 13, the top plate 13 comprises an upper structural plate 4 and a heat insulation plate 5 arranged on the lower surface of the structural plate 4, a reinforcing cross beam 14 is arranged on the upper surface of the structural plate 4, and a hanging mechanism 6 is arranged at the center of the structural plate 4. The size of the heat insulation plate 5 is consistent with the size of the opening, the size of the inner side of the enclosing plate 1 is consistent with the size of the periphery of the top of the furnace body 9, a circle of groove 8 is formed between the heat insulation plate 5 and the enclosing plate 1, and a circle of heat insulation ring 7 matched with the groove 8 is arranged at the top end of the furnace body 9.

Roof 13 is bilayer structure, structural slab 4 on upper portion is the steel construction, the thermal-insulated material of lower part adopts high temperature resistance thermal insulation material to make, in the opening of furnace body 9 just in time can be filled in to heat insulating board 5, there is bounding wall 1 at the edge of structural slab 4, be rectangle recess 8 between bounding wall 1 and the heat insulating board 5 and with the upper end structure adaptation of furnace body 9, like this the bounding wall mechanism detains when furnace body 9 top, insert in the recess 8 at furnace body 9 top, the leakproofness is better, and round heat insulating ring 7 in addition in the recess 8, make the heat insulating ability can not reduce yet.

The utility model discloses a stove, including roof 13, top plate 13, the central both sides of going up set up depression bar 3, the both ends downward activity of depression bar 3 sets up pressure rope 2, the locking mechanism includes U type link plate 10 that furnace body 9 side set up, the vertical setting of the axial of U type link plate 10, the lower extreme of U type link plate 10 is the arc, the lower extreme inboard of U type link plate 10 sets up draw-in groove 12, the lower extreme setting of pressure rope 2 and draw-in groove 12 complex horizontal pole 11.

The apron mechanism is detained behind furnace body 9 top, and the pressure rope 2 of two depression bar 3 both ends stimulate downwards for press 2 to wipe and mix in the middle of the U type scraper blade, and the diaphragm stirs downwards, and horizontal pole 11 is round in arcwall face to draw-in groove 12 of U type scraper blade lower extreme, U type scraper blade stimulate horizontal pole 11 downwards like this, makes the pressure rope 2 stimulate depression bar 3 downwards, thereby locks to the apron mechanism. The specific structure of the pressing rope 2 is not limited, and it can adopt the structure of steel bar, chain or rope body, and the cross bar 11 is pulled downwards by means of external tools during operation.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figures 1 and 2,

the ignition mechanism comprises a rectangular pipe arranged at the lower part of the inner side of the gasification furnace, the middle of the rectangular pipe is separated by a partition plate 21 to form an air nozzle 15 and a gas nozzle 19, the air nozzle 15 is communicated with the first gas supply mechanism, the gas nozzle 19 is communicated with the second gas supply mechanism, and an ignition needle is arranged at the front end of the rectangular pipe.

The first air supply mechanism comprises a first connecting head 16 arranged at the rear end of the air nozzle 15, the first connecting head 16 is communicated with the inside of the air nozzle 15, the first connecting head 16 is communicated with a first air supply pipe 17, and the first air supply pipe 17 penetrates through the gasification furnace to be communicated with an air pump 18 arranged outside.

The second air supply mechanism includes the setting second connector 20 of the rear end of gas shower nozzle 19, the inside intercommunication of second connector 20 and gas shower nozzle 19, second connector 20 and second air supply pipe 22 intercommunication, second air supply pipe 22 passes gasifier and external gas pipeline 25 intercommunication, set up control valve 24 and flowmeter 23 on the second air supply pipe 22.

The supply air for the ignition mechanism in this embodiment is gas and air, wherein the air can be replaced by oxygen. The rectangular pipe separates two spray heads through a partition plate 21 in the middle, the two spray heads are located at the same position, air and fuel gas are simultaneously supplied, and the rectangular pipe can be ignited through an ignition needle. The ignition mechanism is positioned at the inner side of the furnace body 9 and can be arranged at both sides, so that both sides of the biomass can be ignited simultaneously.

The first air supply means supplies air, and the air is pressurized and fed into the first air supply pipe 17 by the operation of the air pump 18, and then ejected through the air ejection head 15. The second air supply mechanism supplies gas, the second air supply pipe 22 is communicated with a gas pipeline 25, the second air supply pipe 22 is provided with a control valve 24 and a flow meter 23, the air inflow can be adjusted through the cooperation of the second air supply pipe and the gas pipeline, and meanwhile, the power of the air pump 18 is controlled, so that the flow of air can be adjusted.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 1,

waste cleaning mechanism includes the bin outlet 28 that the gasifier bottom set up, corresponds the activity of bin outlet 28 sets up shrouding 27, shrouding 27's medial surface setting and bin outlet 28 complex thermal insulation block 26, shrouding 27 both sides set up through-hole 30, correspond through-hole 30 on the gasifier and set up screw hole 31, through-hole 30 and the interpolation of screw hole 31 set up fastening bolt 32, fastening bolt 32's tip sets up rotatory handle 29.

After the biomass is combusted, most of the biomass can be directly taken out from an opening at the upper part, but a part of the biomass is combusted and broken into ash slag which is very difficult to clean. A discharge opening 28 is reserved at the bottom of the furnace body 9, and the ash can be swept out. The sealing of the discharge hole 28 is matched with the heat insulation block 26 through the sealing plate 27, the heat insulation block 26 is matched with the structure of the discharge hole 28 and can be plugged into the discharge hole 28, the sealing plate 27 is fixed on the outer side of the furnace body 9 through the tightening of the fastening bolt 32, and the sealing and heat insulation of the discharge hole 28 are realized. The rear end of the fastening bolt 32 is a stopper, and after the fastening bolt rotates to a certain extent, the stopper abuts against the outside of the sealing plate 27, and the sealing plate 27 can be pressed tightly along with the rotation.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 1,

the furnace body 9 is internally provided with a discharging mechanism, the discharging mechanism comprises a bottom plate 34 and a fence 33 vertically arranged on the periphery of the bottom plate 34, and the bottom plate 34 and the fence 33 are made of high-temperature-resistant steel. The drop feed mechanism is the activity setting, and living beings are put on bottom plate 34, and timber section is most suitable to be put into to this rail 33 structure, and rail 33 can be replaced by structures such as wire net certainly, can put into scattered garrulous living beings such as peanut shell like this.

In one embodiment of the present invention,

the invention provides a biomass thermal cracking method, which comprises the following steps:

The biomass is treated by crushing and cutting when carbon blocks are made.

When the biomass is sent into the gasification furnace, the biomass is put in through the material placing mechanism, and catalytic enzyme and plasticizer are uniformly sprayed when the biomass is conveyed to the material placing mechanism.

In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, for example, it may be fixedly attached, detachably attached, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a biomass thermal cracking device, includes gasifier and the gas separator who communicates with the gasifier, its characterized in that: the gasifier includes furnace body (9), the top of furnace body (9) sets up the opening, the activity sets up apron mechanism on the opening, furnace body (9) side sets up the locking mechanism of fixed apron mechanism, the bottom in furnace body (9) sets up ignites the mechanism, the bottom of furnace body (9) sets up waste material clearance mechanism.

2. The apparatus for thermally cracking biomass of claim 1, wherein: the cover plate mechanism comprises a top plate (13) and a surrounding plate (1) arranged at the edge of the top plate (13), the top plate (13) comprises an upper structural plate (4) and a heat insulation plate (5) arranged at the lower surface of the structural plate (4), the upper surface of the structural plate (4) is provided with a reinforcing cross beam (14), and the center of the structural plate (4) is provided with a hanging mechanism (6).

3. The apparatus for thermally cracking biomass of claim 2, wherein: the size of heat insulating board (5) is unanimous with the opening size, the inboard size of bounding wall (1) is unanimous with furnace body (9) top week side size, form round recess (8) between heat insulating board (5) and bounding wall (1), furnace body (9) top sets up round and recess (8) complex heat insulating ring (7).

4. The apparatus for thermally cracking biomass of claim 3, wherein: roof (13) are gone up central both sides and are set up depression bar (3), the both ends downward activity of depression bar (3) sets up pressure rope (2), the U type link plate (10U) that deadlocking mechanism includes furnace body (9) side setting, the vertical setting of axial of U type link plate (10U), the lower extreme of U type link plate (10U) is the arc, the lower extreme inboard of U type link plate (10U) sets up draw-in groove (12), the lower extreme setting of pressure rope (2) and draw-in groove (12) complex horizontal pole (11).

5. The apparatus for thermally cracking biomass of claim 1, wherein: the ignition mechanism comprises a rectangular pipe arranged at the lower part of the inner side of the gasification furnace, an air nozzle (15) and a gas nozzle (19) are arranged in the middle of the rectangular pipe at intervals through a partition plate (21), the air nozzle (15) is communicated with the first gas supply mechanism, the gas nozzle (19) is communicated with the second gas supply mechanism, and an ignition needle is arranged at the front end of the rectangular pipe.

6. The apparatus for thermally cracking biomass of claim 5, wherein: first air feed mechanism includes first coupling head (16) that the rear end of air shower nozzle (15) set up, first coupling head (16) and the inside intercommunication of air shower nozzle (15), first coupling head (16) and first air supply pipe (17) intercommunication, first air supply pipe (17) pass the gasifier and set up air pump (18) intercommunication in the external world.

7. The apparatus for thermally cracking biomass of claim 6, wherein: the second air supply mechanism comprises a second connector (20) arranged at the rear end of the gas spray nozzle (19), the second connector (20) is communicated with the inside of the gas spray nozzle (19), the second connector (20) is communicated with a second air supply pipe (22), the second air supply pipe (22) penetrates through a gasification furnace and is communicated with an external gas pipeline (25), and a control valve (24) and a flowmeter (23) are arranged on the second air supply pipe (22).

8. The apparatus for thermally cracking biomass of claim 1, wherein: waste material clearance mechanism includes bin outlet (28) that the gasifier bottom set up, corresponds bin outlet (28) activity sets up shrouding (27), the medial surface setting of shrouding (27) and bin outlet (28) complex heat insulating block (26), shrouding (27) both sides set up through-hole (30), correspond through-hole (30) on the gasifier and set up screw hole (31), insert in through-hole (30) and screw hole (31) and set up fastening bolt (32), the tip of fastening bolt (32) sets up rotatory handle (29).

9. A method for thermal cracking of biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

10. The method for thermally cracking biomass of claim 9, wherein: when the biomass is sent into the gasification furnace, the biomass is put in through the material placing mechanism, and catalytic enzyme and plasticizer are uniformly sprayed when the biomass is conveyed to the material placing mechanism.