CN113650790A - Self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with folding mechanism and control method - Google Patents
Self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with folding mechanism and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113650790A CN113650790A CN202110943939.1A CN202110943939A CN113650790A CN 113650790 A CN113650790 A CN 113650790A CN 202110943939 A CN202110943939 A CN 202110943939A CN 113650790 A CN113650790 A CN 113650790A
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- spoiler
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D29/00—Power-plant nacelles, fairings, or cowlings
- B64D29/06—Attaching of nacelles, fairings or cowlings
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane nacelle spoilers, and provides a self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with a folding mechanism and a control method, wherein the device comprises a first-layer nacelle spoiler, a middle-layer nacelle spoiler, a spoiler storage shell and a folding driving mechanism; one end of the first layer of nacelle spoiler and one end of the middle layer of nacelle spoiler rotate around the fixed rotating shaft to be opened or closed; when the device is opened, the spoiler storage shell is sequentially provided with the first-layer nacelle spoiler, the middle-layer nacelle spoiler and the spoiler from top to bottom, and when the device is folded, the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler are folded and folded in the spoiler storage shell; the folding driving mechanism drives the spoiler of the first-layer nacelle and the spoiler of the middle-layer nacelle to rotate to open or close. The invention overcomes the defect that the traditional nacelle spoiler is difficult to simultaneously meet different aerodynamic performance requirements of low speed and high speed, adopts a self-adaptive design idea and uses a multi-section folding telescopic mechanism, so that the nacelle spoiler can adapt to different aerodynamic performance requirements of the airplane of low speed and high speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane nacelle spoilers, in particular to a self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with a folding mechanism and a control method.
Background
With successive shutdowns (a380, B747) of the four-aircraft, the overall aerodynamic configuration of the large wide-bodied jet airliner gradually converges toward a double-winged-hook configuration. Jet airliners of conventional configuration using twin-wing aircraft include the most popular airbus series a350, the boeing company series B787, and the developing boeing B777X and the russian co-developed CR929 large remote wide body airliners.
Such technical trends are caused by various reasons: in terms of safety performance, the reliability of the current civil turbofan engine is higher and higher, the limit of dual-launch extended flight (ETOPS) is also greatly relaxed, and the European Aviation Safety Administration (EASA) has approved the qualification of A350-900' extended flight operation (ETOPS) over 180 minutes, wherein the qualification comprises extended flight operation certification of up to 370 minutes. This makes the safety advantage of a four-aircraft on a remote transoceanic route less obvious; in addition, the single-engine thrust of the engine is greatly improved, for example, the single-engine thrust of a GE9X engine equipped with B777X reaches 61 tons, and the double-engine configuration can meet the thrust requirement of most wide-body passenger planes due to the large improvement of the single-engine thrust; in addition, the double-engine layout has great advantages in use cost, compared with a four-engine configuration, the fuel consumption of the double-engine layout can be greatly reduced, and the maintenance cost of the engine can also be greatly reduced. In addition, the limit of the current international society on the carbon emission of civil aviation is gradually increased, and the four-engine aircraft is difficult to match the two-engine aircraft in the aspects of economy and environmental protection, so that the two-engine layout gradually becomes the mainstream design characteristic of the civil jet airliner.
However, the dual-engine aircraft needs to use a turbofan engine with a high bypass ratio and a large size in order to meet the requirements of economy and environmental protection. Due to the relatively limited underwing space of a single-block, lower-wing, single-layout aircraft, large-size nacelles present significant technical challenges to the aerodynamic design of the aircraft, particularly in the context of the integrated aerodynamic design of the aircraft/engine. On the one hand, large nacelles tend to shield the wings at high angles of attack, causing flow separation and premature stall of the wings. In addition, in order to ensure enough engine ground clearance, the installation position of a large-size nacelle needs to be extended and raised compared with the traditional installation position, such as Boeing 737MAX, and in order to integrate a large-size LEAP-1B engine, the upper surface of the nacelle is close to or even exceeds the height of the upper surface of the wing, so that the airplane has more nonlinear characteristics in longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics, and the flight safety of the airplane is damaged.
In order to reduce aerodynamic interference of a nacelle on wings to the maximum extent and promote flow energy recovery of wing inner wing sections under low speed and large attack angle, spoilers are required to be matched with the current large-size engine nacelle to inhibit wing flow separation and ensure linear characteristics of longitudinal moment of an airplane, but the nacelle spoilers can increase the resistance of the airplane in a cruising state, and design parameters, particularly the deflection angle and the height of the nacelle spoilers are limited by cruise resistance. In addition, with the application of laminar nacelle aerodynamic technology, it is necessary to avoid the nacelle front area in the installed position to avoid interfering with the nacelle laminar flow. It can be seen that the conventional nacelle spoiler is subject to more and more design constraints, and it is more and more difficult to meet the requirements of low and high speed performance in design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art, and provides a self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with a folding mechanism and a control method thereof, aiming at the problem that the traditional nacelle spoiler is difficult to simultaneously meet different aerodynamic performance requirements of low speed and high speed.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with a folding mechanism, which comprises a first-layer nacelle spoiler, a middle-layer nacelle spoiler, a spoiler accommodating shell and a folding driving mechanism, wherein the spoiler accommodating shell is arranged at the top layer of the nacelle;
one end of each of the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler can rotate around the same fixed rotating shaft to be opened or closed; the spoiler storage shell is sequentially provided with the first-layer nacelle spoiler, the middle-layer nacelle spoiler and the spoiler from top to bottom when the nacelle is opened, and the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler are folded and collected in the spoiler storage shell when the nacelle is collected;
and the folding driving mechanism is used for driving the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate, open or close.
The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation in which the folding driving structure includes a telescopic driving cam, a telescopic driving gear, and a driving motor;
a chute is arranged on the first-layer nacelle spoiler, a first end of the telescopic driving cam is installed in the chute, and a second end of the telescopic driving cam is fixedly connected with the telescopic driving gear; the driving motor drives the telescopic driving cam to rotate through the driving gear, so that the first end of the telescopic driving cam is driven to slide in the sliding groove, and the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler are driven to rotate, open or close.
There is further provided in accordance with any of the above aspects and possible implementations, an implementation in which the adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus further includes a backup drive motor.
The above-mentioned aspect and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, a limiting device is arranged between the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler, and the first-layer nacelle spoiler drives the middle-layer nacelle spoiler to move when moving.
The above aspects and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, where the limiting device is a positioning pin, the positioning pin is disposed at the rear end of the first-layer nacelle spoiler, the rear end of the middle-layer nacelle spoiler is disposed with a slot corresponding to the positioning pin, and the positioning pin and the slot cooperate to realize linkage and limiting between the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler.
In the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, where two ends of the sliding groove are provided with clamping points for positioning and fixing the open state and the closed state of the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler.
The above-described aspects and any possible implementation further provide an implementation in which the first-level nacelle spoiler and the middle-level nacelle spoiler are both streamlined.
The above-mentioned aspects and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, wherein the material of the spoiler receiving case, the spoiler of the first-layer nacelle, the spoiler of the middle-layer nacelle and the material of the spoiler receiving case are high-strength aviation aluminum alloy or high-strength aviation composite material.
The above aspects and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, wherein the thickness of the spoiler of the first-layer nacelle is 1-2 mm, the thickness of the spoiler of the middle-layer nacelle is 1.5-5 mm, and the thickness of the spoiler storage shell is 3-8 mm.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a control method for an adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus having a folding mechanism, for controlling the adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus described above, the control method comprising:
the device is opened: the driving motor drives the telescopic driving cam to rotate clockwise through the telescopic driving gear, the first end of the telescopic driving cam slides in the chute to drive the first-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate anticlockwise around the fixed rotating shaft, the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler are matched by the limiting device, the anticlockwise rotation of the first-layer nacelle spoiler drives the middle-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate anticlockwise until the self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device is completely opened and locked, and the self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device is in an opened state;
the device is folded: the driving motor drives the telescopic driving cam to rotate anticlockwise through the telescopic driving gear, the first end of the telescopic driving cam slides in the chute to drive the first-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate clockwise around the fixed rotating shaft, the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler are matched by adopting a limiting device, and the clockwise rotation of the first-layer nacelle spoiler drives the middle-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate clockwise; along with the rotation of the telescopic driving cam, the spoiler of the first-layer nacelle and the spoiler of the middle-layer nacelle are finally collected into the spoiler collecting shell together and locked, and the adaptive nacelle spoiler device is in a folding state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fan-shaped folding form can ensure that the spoiler of the self-adaptive nacelle does not intrude or slightly dumps into the inner space of the nacelle within an acceptable range in the retracted state;
2. the height of the spoiler of the nacelle can be increased to the maximum extent in the unfolding state, and the low-resistance state with smaller height is kept in the folding state;
3. the chord length of the spoiler of the nacelle is not increased, so that the arrangement is convenient, and the whole device is not easily influenced by the design restriction of the engine overhaul opening and the opening of the thrust reverser;
4. the structure is simple, and the miniaturization and the engineering realization of the actuating mechanism are facilitated;
5. the self-adaptive nacelle spoiler is driven to stretch out and draw back in a mode of adopting a motor and a backup motor, a complex hydraulic pipeline does not need to be arranged when the electric power is used for acting, and higher reliability can be realized through electric power acting backup. But also is beneficial to the light weight design of the whole device and the cost reduction;
6. the fan-shaped folding type nacelle spoiler does not bear larger pneumatic load, the thickness of the driving device can be extended and contracted to the greatest extent by adopting the design of the cam and the slideway, the structural strength of the cam is also easily ensured, and the thickness of the nacelle spoiler can be kept thinner compared with the driving modes of a plurality of connecting rods or telescopic rods and the like, so that the optimal pneumatic geometric shape design of the device can be realized;
7. the nacelle receiving shell can allow a relatively large geometric thickness and a considerable aerodynamic design modification space, can provide a driving device for receiving and help reduce the aerodynamic resistance of the adaptive nacelle in a retracted state;
8. the design is beautiful.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating an open state of an adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus having a folding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a folded state of the adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus having a folding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 001-first-level nacelle spoiler; 002-middle layer nacelle spoiler; 003-spoiler receiving housing; 004-a chute; 005-telescoping drive cam; 006-telescoping drive gear; 007-fixed rotating shaft; 008-driving motor.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. In the drawings of the embodiments described below, the same reference numerals appearing in the respective drawings denote the same features or components, and may be applied to different embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an adaptive nacelle spoiler device with a folding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is designed in three stages, and includes a first-stage nacelle spoiler 001, a middle-stage nacelle spoiler 002, a spoiler storage case 003, and a folding driving mechanism; one end of each of the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001 and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002 can rotate around the same fixed rotating shaft 007 to be opened or closed; the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001, the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002 and the spoiler storage shell 003 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom when the folding device is opened, and the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001 and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002 are folded and stored in the spoiler storage shell 003 when the folding device is closed; the folding driving mechanism is used for driving the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001 and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002 to rotate, open or close.
The folding driving mechanism can be implemented in various ways, and preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the folding driving mechanism includes a telescopic driving cam 005, a telescopic driving gear 006 and a driving motor 008; a chute 004 is arranged on the spoiler 001 of the first-layer nacelle, a first end of the telescopic driving cam 005 is arranged in the chute 004, and a second end of the telescopic driving cam 005 is fixedly connected with the telescopic driving gear 006; driving motor 008 passes through telescopic drive gear 006, the drive telescopic drive cam 005 rotary motion drives telescopic drive cam 005's first end slides in spout 004, and then drives first layer nacelle spoiler 001, middle level nacelle spoiler 002 realize the rotation and open or receive and close.
In order to further ensure the overall safety of the device, a backup driving motor can be arranged.
In one embodiment, a limiting device is adopted between the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001 and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002, and the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001 drives the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002 to move when moving.
In a specific embodiment, the limiting device is a positioning pin, the positioning pin is disposed at the rear end of the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001, the rear end of the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002 is disposed with a slot corresponding to the positioning pin, and the positioning pin and the slot cooperate to realize linkage and limiting between the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001 and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002.
In one embodiment, the two ends of the sliding slot 004 are provided with a locking point for positioning and fixing the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001 and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002 in the open state and the closed state.
The material of the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001, the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002 and the spoiler accommodating shell 003 is high-strength aviation aluminum alloy or high-strength aviation composite material.
Preferably, the thickness of the first-layer nacelle spoiler 001 is 1-2 mm, the thickness of the middle-layer nacelle spoiler 002 is 1.5-5 mm, and the thickness of the spoiler accommodating shell 003 is 3-8 mm.
Preferably, the leading edge of the mid-deck nacelle spoiler 002 is suitably contoured to ensure that the nacelle spoiler assembly maintains a low drag flow profile in the stowed configuration.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a control method of a self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with a folding mechanism, which comprises the following steps:
the device retracting process:
the (008-driving motor) drives the (005-telescopic driving cam) to rotate anticlockwise through the (006-telescopic driving gear), the (006-telescopic driving gear) and the (005-telescopic driving cam) adopt a fixedly connected design, the (004-head deck nacelle spoiler chute) and the (001-fan-head deck nacelle spoiler adopt an integrated design, the anticlockwise rotation of the (005-telescopic driving cam) drives the (001-fan-head deck nacelle spoiler to rotate clockwise around the (007-spoiler telescopic rotating shaft), the (001-fan-head deck nacelle spoiler) is taken into the (002-fan-middle deck nacelle spoiler) along with the driving of the cam, the (001-fan-head deck nacelle spoiler) and the (002-fan-middle deck nacelle spoiler adopt a form matched with a limiting device, and the (001-fan-head deck nacelle spoiler) drives the (002-fan-middle deck nacelle spoiler) to rotate clockwise And (001-the fan-shaped first-layer nacelle spoiler) is finally taken in (003-the nacelle spoiler housing) together with (002-the fan-shaped middle-layer nacelle spoiler, at which time the device is locked and the device is in a stowed state, as shown in fig. 2.
The device unfolding process comprises the following steps:
(008-driving motor) drives (005-telescopic driving cam) to rotate clockwise through (006-telescopic driving gear), (006-telescopic driving gear) and (005-telescopic driving cam) adopt a fixedly connected design, (004-head layer nacelle spoiler chute) and (001-fan-shaped head layer nacelle spoiler) adopt an integrated design, the anticlockwise rotation of (005-telescopic driving cam) drives (001-fan-shaped head layer nacelle spoiler) to rotate anticlockwise around (007-spoiler telescopic rotating shaft), along with the driving of the cam, (001-fan-shaped head layer nacelle spoiler) is opened, the (001-fan-shaped head layer nacelle spoiler) and (002-fan-shaped middle layer nacelle spoiler) adopt a form of matching of a limiting device, and the anticlockwise rotation of (001-fan-shaped head layer nacelle spoiler) drives (002-fan-shaped nacelle spoiler) to rotate anticlockwise, until the device is fully opened, the device locks, and the device is in the deployed state.
The invention changes the traditional fixed spoiler scheme, and adopts the fan-shaped folding form to ensure that the spoiler of the self-adaptive nacelle does not invade or slightly pours into the inner space of the nacelle in an acceptable range in the retracting state; the chord length of the spoiler of the nacelle is not increased, so that the arrangement is convenient, and the whole device is not easily influenced by the design restriction of the engine overhaul opening and the opening of the thrust reverser; the structure is simple, and the miniaturization and the engineering realization of the actuating mechanism are facilitated; the self-adaptive nacelle spoiler is driven to stretch out and draw back in a mode of adopting a motor and a backup motor, a complex hydraulic pipeline does not need to be arranged when the electric power is used for acting, and higher reliability can be realized through electric power acting backup. But also is beneficial to the light weight design of the whole device and the cost reduction; the fan-shaped folding type nacelle spoiler does not bear large pneumatic load, the thickness of the driving device can be extended and contracted to the greatest extent by adopting the design of the cam and the slide way, the structural strength of the cam is also easily ensured, and the device can keep the thickness of the thinner nacelle spoiler and is favorable for realizing the optimal pneumatic geometric appearance design compared with the driving modes of adopting a plurality of connecting rods or telescopic rods and the like.
While several embodiments of the present invention have been presented herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above examples are merely illustrative and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with a folding mechanism is characterized by comprising a first-layer nacelle spoiler, a middle-layer nacelle spoiler, a spoiler accommodating shell and a folding driving mechanism;
one end of each of the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler can rotate around the same fixed rotating shaft to be opened or closed; the spoiler storage shell is sequentially provided with the first-layer nacelle spoiler, the middle-layer nacelle spoiler and the spoiler from top to bottom when the nacelle is opened, and the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler are folded and collected in the spoiler storage shell when the nacelle is collected;
and the folding driving mechanism is used for driving the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate, open or close.
2. The adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus with folding mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the folding drive structure comprises a telescopic drive cam, a telescopic drive gear, and a drive motor;
a chute is arranged on the first-layer nacelle spoiler, a first end of the telescopic driving cam is installed in the chute, and a second end of the telescopic driving cam is fixedly connected with the telescopic driving gear; the driving motor drives the telescopic driving cam to rotate through the driving gear, so that the first end of the telescopic driving cam is driven to slide in the sliding groove, and the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler are driven to rotate, open or close.
3. The adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus with folding mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus further comprises a backup drive motor.
4. The adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus with folding mechanism according to claim 2, wherein a position limiting means is provided between the first nacelle spoiler and the middle nacelle spoiler, and the first nacelle spoiler moves to drive the middle nacelle spoiler to move.
5. The adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus with a folding mechanism according to claim 4, wherein the limiting device is a positioning pin, the positioning pin is disposed at a rear end of the first-layer nacelle spoiler, a slot corresponding to the positioning pin is disposed at a rear end of the middle-layer nacelle spoiler, and the positioning pin and the slot cooperate to realize linkage and limiting between the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler.
6. The adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus with folding mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the sliding groove is provided at both ends thereof with locking points for positioning and fixing the open state and the closed state of the first nacelle spoiler and the middle nacelle spoiler.
7. The adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus with folding mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the first deck nacelle spoiler and the middle deck nacelle spoiler are each in streamline shape.
8. The adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus with folding mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the material of the first nacelle spoiler, the middle nacelle spoiler, the spoiler receiving case is a high strength aircraft aluminum alloy or a high strength aircraft composite material.
9. The adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus with folding mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first deck nacelle spoiler is 1 to 2mm, the thickness of the middle deck nacelle spoiler is 1.5 to 5mm, and the thickness of the spoiler housing is 3 to 8 mm.
10. A control method of an adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus having a folding mechanism for controlling the adaptive nacelle spoiler apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the control method comprising:
the device is opened: the driving motor drives the telescopic driving cam to rotate clockwise through the telescopic driving gear, the first end of the telescopic driving cam slides in the chute to drive the first-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate anticlockwise around the fixed rotating shaft, the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler are matched by the limiting device, the anticlockwise rotation of the first-layer nacelle spoiler drives the middle-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate anticlockwise until the self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device is completely opened and locked, and the self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device is in an opened state;
the device is folded: the driving motor drives the telescopic driving cam to rotate anticlockwise through the telescopic driving gear, the first end of the telescopic driving cam slides in the chute to drive the first-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate clockwise around the fixed rotating shaft, the first-layer nacelle spoiler and the middle-layer nacelle spoiler are matched by adopting a limiting device, and the clockwise rotation of the first-layer nacelle spoiler drives the middle-layer nacelle spoiler to rotate clockwise; along with the rotation of the telescopic driving cam, the spoiler of the first-layer nacelle and the spoiler of the middle-layer nacelle are finally collected into the spoiler collecting shell together and locked, and the adaptive nacelle spoiler device is in a folding state.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110943939.1A CN113650790A (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2021-08-17 | Self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with folding mechanism and control method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110943939.1A CN113650790A (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2021-08-17 | Self-adaptive nacelle spoiler device with folding mechanism and control method |
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| CN113650790A true CN113650790A (en) | 2021-11-16 |
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