CN113649832A - Large-sized workpiece positioning and clamping system and method - Google Patents
Large-sized workpiece positioning and clamping system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113649832A CN113649832A CN202110907492.2A CN202110907492A CN113649832A CN 113649832 A CN113649832 A CN 113649832A CN 202110907492 A CN202110907492 A CN 202110907492A CN 113649832 A CN113649832 A CN 113649832A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-sized workpiece positioning and clamping system which comprises a clamping platform, a plurality of adjustable sizing block structures, a plurality of free vices and spherical washers, wherein the adjustable sizing block structures are used for supporting and leveling a workpiece and are circumferentially distributed around the workpiece at intervals; the top of the adjustable sizing block structure is provided with a spherical gasket, and the bottom of the adjustable sizing block structure is directly arranged on the clamping platform or is arranged on the clamping platform through a supporting structure; the free vices are used for applying pressure to the outer side face of the workpiece to straighten the workpiece, and the free vices are circumferentially distributed around the workpiece at intervals; the free vice is directly arranged on the clamping platform or arranged on the clamping platform through a supporting structure; and the force application end of the free vice is tightly pressed with the outer side surface of the workpiece through the spherical washer. The invention also provides a clamping method. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the free vice is matched with the adjustable sizing block structure, so that effective and reliable supporting and clamping force can be provided, and the positioning and clamping of large-sized workpieces are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a large-sized workpiece positioning and clamping system and method.
Background
Before machining, a large workpiece needs to be positioned and clamped on a machine tool. The traditional press plate and sizing block only limit the movement of the workpiece in the direction perpendicular to the bearing surface, and the rotation of the workpiece around the bearing surface is only limited by the friction force converted from the positive pressure applied on the press plate. This way of fixing creates the following problems: 1. the redundant degree of freedom of the workpiece is not limited, and the workpiece is easy to displace; 2. the workpiece is deformed by applying an overlarge positive pressure, and the workpiece with poor rigidity can cause the dimensional over-tolerance and generate defective products; 3. the positive pressure applied by the pressure plate needs to act on the upper surface of the workpiece, and if the upper surface is the surface to be processed, the processing procedure is interrupted; 4. in order to achieve enough pressing force, an operator needs to use a lever in the force application process, and the lever must be pressed by the aid of the impulse of the lever if the space is not allowed; such a working mode has safety hazards to both tools and personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-sized workpiece positioning and clamping system and method with good clamping effect and no workpiece deformation, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a large-scale workpiece positioning and clamping system comprises a clamping platform, a plurality of adjustable sizing block structures, a plurality of free vices and spherical washers, wherein the adjustable sizing block structures are used for supporting and leveling workpieces and are circumferentially distributed around the workpieces at intervals; the top of the adjustable sizing block structure is provided with a spherical gasket, and the bottom of the adjustable sizing block structure is directly arranged on the clamping platform or is arranged on the clamping platform through a supporting structure; the free vices are used for applying pressure to the outer side face of the workpiece to straighten the workpiece, and the free vices are circumferentially distributed around the workpiece at intervals; the free vice is directly arranged on the clamping platform or arranged on the clamping platform through a supporting structure; and the force application end of the free vice is tightly pressed with the outer side surface of the workpiece through the spherical washer.
According to the scheme, the spherical washer comprises a body and a support, wherein the body is connected with the adjustable sizing block structure or the free vice; the body is provided with a spherical groove, a counter bore is processed in the body, and magnetic steel for adsorbing the support is installed in the counter bore; the outer side of the support is directly contacted with a workpiece, the inner side of the support is processed with a spherical bulge, the spherical bulge is matched with the spherical groove, and the spherical bulge and the spherical groove can slide relatively.
According to the scheme, a plurality of T-shaped grooves which are parallel and spaced are arranged on the clamping platform, and the T-shaped grooves are configured with T-shaped sliding blocks; the supporting structure comprises a plurality of supporting modules which are connected in an up-down alignment mode, the bottom supporting module is connected with the sliding block, and the top supporting module is connected with the adjustable sizing block structure or the free vice.
According to the scheme, the bottom surface and the top surface of the supporting module are respectively provided with a connecting groove, and the connecting grooves are matched with the connecting block and the sliding block; a through hole penetrating through the connecting groove is formed in the center of the supporting module, and a connecting bolt is arranged in the through hole; the connecting groove of the bottom layer supporting module is connected with the sliding block, the two upper and lower adjacent supporting modules are connected through the connecting block, the top layer supporting module is connected with the adjustable sizing block structure or the free vice through the connecting block, the connecting bolt penetrates through the connecting block at the top and is connected with the sliding block after sequentially passing through the through hole of each supporting module, each connecting block and the bottom layer supporting module, and the top of the connecting bolt is locked through the nut.
According to the scheme, the connecting grooves are cross grooves which are staggered transversely and longitudinally, the connecting blocks are T-shaped connecting blocks, and the overall structure of the connecting blocks is the same as that of the sliding blocks.
The invention also provides a large workpiece positioning and clamping method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, providing each part of the large-scale workpiece positioning and clamping system as claimed in any one of claims 1-5;
secondly, arranging supporting points according to the clamping position of the workpiece, arranging supporting structures at the supporting points and the force application points, and installing the supporting structures on a clamping platform;
mounting an adjustable sizing block structure on the supporting structure at each supporting point, and compensating the shape error of the workpiece leaning surface on a spherical washer;
step four, the workpiece is placed on the adjustable sizing block structure, and the adjustable sizing block structure is used for adjusting the adjustable sizing block structure to level the workpiece;
fifthly, arranging force application points according to the workpiece pressing positions, and installing a supporting structure on a clamping platform at the force application points;
sixthly, connecting the free vice to the supporting structure, and integrally fixing the free vice and the supporting structure on the clamping platform by using a connecting bolt; a spherical washer is arranged at the force application end of the free vice;
and seventhly, straightening and pressing the workpiece.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the adjustable vice and the adjustable sizing block are matched in structure, so that effective and reliable supporting and clamping force can be provided, and positioning and clamping of large workpieces are realized; the pressing force of the free vice can be divided into inward component force and downward component force, the inward component force eliminates the degree of freedom of rotation, a jack can be replaced to linearly adjust the workpiece, the adjustable sizing block is matched to realize the pre-deformation required by the workpiece, the downward component force action trend enables the workpiece to be tightly attached to the adjustable sizing block structure at the bottom, the gap generated by over-constraint is eliminated, the workpiece clamping effect is better, and the workpiece is not deformed; and the pressing force is amplified by the screw mechanism of the free vice and the adjustable sizing block structure, the workpiece is adjusted and pressed without a force application rod, the labor intensity of an operator is low, compared with the prior art, the operation is simple, and the operator can level and straighten the workpiece by only one wrench.
2. In the invention, the clamping of the free vice is realized by limiting two moving pairs of the workpiece parallel to the supporting surface by the screw mechanism, and compared with the limit of the pressing plate in the prior art, the clamping device reduces the requirement on pressing force in principle; the free vice applies inward and downward pressing force to effectively eliminate the freedom degree of movement and rotation of the workpiece.
3. The adjustable sizing block is ingenious in design, an adjustable sizing block can be placed according to the structure and the gravity center position of a workpiece to replace a jack to directly lift the workpiece, and the height after adjustment is kept constant; the adjustable sizing blocks which can be arranged according to the pre-deformation position of the workpiece can accurately realize the calculated deformation, thereby avoiding the interference of gravity on the processing precision to the maximum extent; the adjustable sizing block is arranged at each compaction position of the workpiece, so that the deformation of the workpiece caused by compaction force can be eliminated, and the machining precision is improved.
4. The adjustable sizing block structure is designed to initially compensate the height of a workpiece, and the adjustable sizing block structure can precisely compensate the height difference of the workpiece; the supporting structure can be assembled in a modularized mode, the clamping flexibility is improved, and special-shaped workpieces can be clamped.
5. Compared with the clamping of a pressing plate, the free vice is arranged at a fixed point, so that the surface of a workpiece is open without interference, and the continuous production is facilitated; and the occupied space of the machine tool is small, and the workpiece can be clamped more effectively in unit area.
6. The clamping system and the clamping method are combined with the actual production conditions of manufacturing and equipment workshops, and have the advantages of light weight, quick adjustment, reliable compression and simple structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the adjustable back iron structure and the free vise in this embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the support structure, the adjustable sizing block structure and the spherical washer in this embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the support module in this embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the slider in this embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the spherical washer in the present embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a front view of the adjustable sizing block structure in this embodiment.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a top view of an adjustable parallels structure.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a wedge block in an adjustable sizing block structure.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the free vise in this embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a front view of the free vise.
FIG. 14 is a top view of the free vise.
Fig. 15 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 14.
Wherein: 1. a slider; 2. a support module; 3. an adjustable sizing block structure; 3.1, a base; 3.2, wedge-shaped blocks; 3.2.1, through holes; 3.2.2, mounting grooves; 3.3, cylindrical; 3.3.1, a threaded hole; 3.4, pushing the bolt; 3.5, sizing block; 3.6, screws; 3.7, bolt seats; 3.8, limiting bulges; 4. a spherical washer; 4.1, a body; 4.2, a support; 5. a free vise; 5.1, clamping jaws; 5.1.1, a guide side plate; 5.1.2, pressing the side plates; 5.1.3, a top plate; 5.2, a clamp body; 5.3, cylindrical nuts; 5.4, pressing bolts; 5.5, supporting the side plates; 5.6, mounting grooves; 6. a workpiece; 7. clamping the platform; 8. a T-shaped groove; 9. connecting blocks; 10. a long bolt.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The large-scale workpiece positioning and clamping system shown in fig. 1-3 comprises a clamping platform 7, a plurality of adjustable sizing block structures 3, a plurality of free vices 5 and spherical washers 4, wherein the adjustable sizing block structures 3 are used for supporting and leveling a workpiece 6 and are circumferentially distributed around the workpiece 6 at intervals; the top of the adjustable sizing block structure 3 is provided with a spherical gasket 4, and the bottom of the adjustable sizing block structure 3 is directly arranged on the clamping platform 7 or arranged on the clamping platform 7 through a supporting structure; the free vices 5 are used for applying pressure to the outer side face of the workpiece 6 to straighten the workpiece 6, and the free vices 5 are circumferentially distributed at intervals around the workpiece 6; the free vice 5 is directly arranged on the clamping platform 7 or arranged on the clamping platform 7 through a supporting structure; the force application end of the free vice 5 is tightly pressed with the outer side surface of the workpiece 6 through the spherical washer 4; the spherical washer 4 is used for compensating the contact surface angle of the workpiece 6.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the spherical washer 4 comprises a body 4.1 and a support 4.2, the body 4.1 is connected with the adjustable sizing block structure 3 or the free vice 5; a spherical groove is processed on the body 4.1, a counter bore is processed on the body 4.1, and magnetic steel for adsorbing the support 4.2 is installed in the counter bore; the outside of support 4.2 is the working face, directly laminates with 6 surfaces of work piece, and the inboard processing of support 4.2 has spherical protrusion, and spherical protrusion and spherical recess looks adaptation, spherical protrusion can slide in spherical recess, compensate 6 contact surface angles of work piece. In the invention, the support 4.2 is adsorbed on the body 4.1 under the action of magnetic force, and the support and the body can slide relatively without disintegration; the body 4.1 is attracted to the adjustable parallels 3 or the free vice 5 by magnetic force.
Preferably, a plurality of parallel and spaced T-shaped grooves 8 are formed in the clamping platform 7, and the T-shaped grooves 8 are configured with the T-shaped sliding blocks 1; the supporting structure comprises a plurality of supporting modules 2 which are connected in an up-down alignment mode, the bottom supporting module 2 is connected with the sliding block 1, and the top supporting module 2 is connected with the adjustable sizing block structure 3 or the free vice 5, as shown in figure 4.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the bottom surface and the top surface of the support module 2 are respectively provided with a connecting groove 5.6, and the connecting groove 5.6 is matched with the connecting block 9 and the sliding block 1; a through hole 3.2.1 penetrating through the connecting groove 5.6 is formed in the center of the supporting module 2, and a connecting bolt is arranged in the through hole 3.2.1; the bottom layer support module 2's spread groove 5.6 links to each other with slider 1, links to each other through connecting block 9 between two adjacent support module 2 from top to bottom, and top layer support module 2 passes through connecting block 9 and links to each other with adjustable parallels structure 3 or free vice 5, connecting bolt passes from connecting block 9 at top, links to each other with slider 1 behind through-hole 3.2.1, each connecting block 9, the bottom layer support module 2 of each support module 2 in proper order, and the nut lock is passed through at connecting bolt's top.
Preferably, the connecting groove 5.6 is a cross groove which is staggered transversely and longitudinally, the connecting block 9 is a T-shaped connecting block 9, and the whole structure of the connecting block 9 is the same as that of the sliding block 1, as shown in fig. 6.
In the invention, as shown in fig. 8-11, the adjustable sizing block structure 3 comprises a sizing block 3.5, a base 3.1, a wedge-shaped block 3.2, a pushing mechanism and a positioning mechanism; the lower surface of the sizing block 3.5 is an inclined surface, the sizing block 3.5 is arranged above the base 3.1, and a gap is reserved between the sizing block and the base; the spherical washer 4 is arranged on the sizing block 3.5; the wedge-shaped block 3.2 is arranged in a gap between the sizing block 3.5 and the base 3.1, and the upper surface of the wedge-shaped block 3.2 is an inclined surface matched with the lower surface of the sizing block 3.5; the positioning mechanism is vertically arranged, a base 3.1 and a sizing block 3.5 penetrate through the positioning mechanism from bottom to top, and the sizing block 3.5 can move up and down along the height direction of the positioning mechanism; the pushing mechanism is arranged outside the sizing block 3.5 and connected with the wedge-shaped block 3.2; the driving end of the pushing mechanism extends into a gap between the sizing block 3.5 and the base 3.1 and is in threaded connection with the positioning mechanism; when the driving end of the pushing mechanism is screwed in or out of the positioning mechanism, the wedge block 3.2 moves along the inclined plane along with the pushing mechanism, the upper surface of the wedge block 3.2 and the lower surface of the sizing block 3.5 move relatively, and the sizing block 3.5 rises and falls along the positioning mechanism. As shown in fig. 8-11, the pushing mechanism comprises a pushing bolt 3.4 and a bolt seat 3.7; the head of the pushing bolt 3.4 is connected with a bolt seat 3.7, the bolt seat 3.7 is arranged outside the sizing block 3.5, and two sides of the bolt seat 3.7 are respectively connected with the wedge-shaped block 3.2 through screws 3.6. Positioning mechanism is cylinder 3.3, sets up on cylinder 3.3 with the screw hole 3.3.1 that promotes bolt 3.4 adaptation, cylinder 3.3 and the threaded connection of promotion bolt 3.4. As shown in fig. 11, the wedge-shaped block 3.2 is of a wedge-shaped symmetrical structure, and a through hole 3.2.1 which is through up and down is formed in the middle of the wedge-shaped block 3.2; the cylinder 3.3 penetrates through the through hole 3.2.1; one side (the outer side) of the wedge-shaped block 3.2 close to the pushing bolt 3.4 is also provided with an installation groove 3.2.2 communicated with the through hole 3.2.1, and the pushing bolt 3.4 penetrates through the installation groove 3.2.2 to be connected with a cylinder 3.3 in the through hole 3.2.1; the bolt seat 3.7 is connected with the wedge blocks 3.2 at two sides of the mounting groove 3.2.2 through bolts 3.6; the outside of wedge 3.2 is equipped with the spacing arch 3.8 that prevents wedge 3.2 slippage. The sizing block 3.5, the wedge-shaped block 3.2, the base 3.1, the bolt seat 3.7 and the like can be made of steel plates.
The working process of the adjustable sizing block structure 3 is as follows:
1. sizing block 3.5 rising: after all components are assembled in place, the pushing bolt 3.4 is screwed into the threaded hole 3.3.1 of the column 3.3 (the height of the pushing bolt 3.4 is unchanged), the bolt seat 3.7 moves leftwards along with the pushing bolt and simultaneously drives the wedge block 3.2 to slide along the base 3.1, the upper surface of the wedge and the lower surface of the sizing block 3.5 slide relatively, and the sizing block 3.5 rises along the axial direction of the column 3.3 (the column 3.3 is sleeved in the unthreaded hole of the base 3.1 and the sizing block 3.5 in an empty mode).
2. And 3.5, descending of the sizing block: the pushing bolt 3.4 is screwed out of the threaded hole 3.3.1 of the cylinder 3.3, the bolt seat 3.7 moves rightwards along with the pushing bolt and drives the wedge-shaped block 3.2 to slide along the base 3.1, the upper surface of the wedge iron and the lower surface of the sizing block 3.5 slide relatively, and the sizing block 3.5 descends along the axial direction of the round nut.
In the invention, as shown in fig. 12-15, the free vice 5 comprises a vice body 5.2, a vice jaw 5.1 and a pressing mechanism, wherein the middle part of the front end and/or the middle part of the rear end of the vice body 5.2 is/are provided with the pressing mechanism, the lower end of the pressing mechanism is connected with the vice body 5.2, and the pressing mechanism can apply downward and outward acting force to the vice body 5.2; the upper end of the pressing mechanism is connected with the upper part of the jaw 5.1, and the working surface at the outer side of the jaw 5.1 is tightly attached to the surface of a workpiece 6 through a spherical washer 4; when the pressing mechanism moves along the direction of the pliers body 5.2, the upper surface of the jaw 5.1 of the pressing mechanism is pressed, and meanwhile, downward and outward acting force is applied to the working surface of the jaw 5.1, so that the working surface of the jaw 5.1 applies force to the spherical washer 4 to press the workpiece 6.
Preferably, the pressing mechanism comprises a cylindrical nut 5.3 and a pressing bolt 5.4, the cylindrical nut 5.3 is matched with the pressing bolt 5.4 and is installed in a unthreaded hole in the caliper body 5.2, and the cylindrical nut 5.3 can rotate in the unthreaded hole of the caliper body 5.2; the upper end of the compression bolt 5.4 penetrates through the jaw 5.1, and the lower end of the compression bolt 5.4 is in threaded connection with the cylindrical nut 5.3; when the compression bolt 5.4 is screwed down into the cylindrical nut 5.3, the nut at the top of the compression bolt 5.4 presses against the upper part of the jaw 5.1, applying a downward and outward force to the working surface of the jaw 5.1 (in this embodiment, a downward and leftward force is applied to the working surface of the jaw 5.1). Preferably, a cylindrical nut 5.3 is mounted in the unthreaded hole of the caliper body 5.2.
Preferably, the caliper body 5.2 is a symmetrical structure, and the cylindrical nut 5.3 is installed at the upper part of the caliper body 5.2; two supporting side plates 5.5 are respectively arranged on two sides of the lower part of the pliers body 5.2; the lower parts of the caliper body 5.2 and the supporting side plate 5.5 are respectively provided with a connecting groove 5.6 which corresponds in position and is used for fixing, the connecting groove 5.6 is matched with the connecting block 9, and the supporting module 2, the connecting block 9 and the caliper body 5.2 are connected through a long bolt. In the embodiment, the caliper body 5.2 is formed by splicing a plurality of steel plates; the connecting groove 5.6 is T-shaped. The jaw 5.1 comprises a top plate 5.1.3 and a pressing side plate 5.1.2, a bolt hole matched with the pressing bolt 5.4 is formed in the top plate 5.1.3, the front end of the top plate 5.1.3 is connected with the top of the pressing side plate 5.1.2, and the outer side face of the pressing side plate 5.1.2 is a working face. The jaw 5.1 further comprises a guide side plate 5.1.1, the guide side plate 5.1.1 is respectively connected with the pressing side plate 5.1.2 and the top plate 5.1.3, and the guide side plate 5.1.1 is positioned on the upper portion of the supporting side plate 5.5 and can slide along the surface of the supporting side plate 5.5. The front end and the rear end of the caliper body 5.2 are respectively provided with a cylindrical nut 5.3; the structure of each part of the clamp body 5.2 and the clamp mouth 5.1 can be made of steel plates.
In the present invention, the working principle of the free vise 5 is as follows:
1. the jaw 5.1 compresses: placing the jaw 5.1 on the upper part of the jaw body 5.2, and enabling a screw rod of the compression bolt 5.4 to penetrate through a top plate 5.1.3 of the jaw 5.1; the pressing bolt 5.4 is screwed into the cylindrical nut 5.3, the cylindrical nut 5.3 is freely sleeved in the unthreaded hole of the caliper body 5.2, the nut of the pressing bolt 5.4 presses the top plate 5.1.3 of the jaw 5.1 and gradually drives the jaw 5.1 to slide along the supporting side plate 5.5 of the caliper body 5.2, the pressing side plate 5.1.2 of the jaw 5.1 moves downwards and leftwards along with the clamping bolt, and the spherical washer 4 is contacted with the workpiece 6 and then applies downward and leftward pressing force to the workpiece 6.
2. The jaw 5.1 is loosened: the hold-down bolt 5.4 is screwed out of the cylindrical nut 5.3 in the opposite direction, while the cylindrical nut 5.3 of the hold-down bolt 5.4 rises and gradually separates from the top plate 5.1.3 of the jaw 5.1; after the clamping bolt and the side plate are separated (the clamping bolt can be separated after 3-4 buckles are screwed out), the pressing bolt 5.4 is pulled in the direction away from the jaw 5.1 to press the side plate 5.1.2 (at the moment, the cylindrical nut 5.3 is turned over), the jaw 5.1 is loosened (as shown in figure 4), the jaw 5.1 can be directly taken out after the pressing bolt 5.4 is pulled out, the spherical washer 4 on the jaw 5.1 is separated from the workpiece 6, and quick disassembly is realized.
The invention also provides a large workpiece positioning and clamping method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, providing each part of the large-sized workpiece 6 positioning and clamping system.
Secondly, arranging supporting points according to the clamping position of the workpiece 6, arranging supporting structures at the supporting points and the force application points, and installing the supporting structures on the clamping platform 7, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: the support module 2 is fixed on the clamping platform 7 by utilizing the slide block 1 and the long bolt 10; the height of each supporting structure is realized by increasing or decreasing the number of the supporting modules 2, and the supporting modules 2 can be connected and fixed by connecting blocks 9 and long screws 10; it is also possible to combine a plurality of support structures, which are freely placed on the support structure 2, since the adjustable parallels 3 are only subjected to positive pressure. The free vise 5 needs to be secured to the support module 2 with long bolts, since it needs to provide a pressing force.
And step three, mounting an adjustable sizing block structure 3 on the supporting structure at each supporting point, and compensating the shape error of the leaning surface of the workpiece 6 on the spherical washer 4.
And step four, the workpiece 6 is positioned and leveled. And (3) placing the workpiece 6 on the adjustable sizing block structure 3, and leveling the workpiece 6 by using the adjustable sizing block structure 3 to adjust the adjustable sizing block structure 3.
In the embodiment, the adjustable sizing block 3.5 adopts thread transmission in the structure, the workpiece 6 can be directly jacked or dropped by matching with an adjusting wrench, and precise (less than or equal to 0.01 mm) adjustment can be completed by matching with an adaptive bolt; after the height is adjusted in place, the adjustable sizing block structure 3 can ensure the stability of the adjusted height by using a wedge-shaped block 3.2 with the self-locking characteristic in the interior.
And fifthly, arranging force application points according to the pressing positions of the workpieces 6, and installing a supporting structure on the clamping platform 7 at the force application points.
Sixthly, connecting the free vice 5 to the supporting structure, and integrally fixing the free vice 5 and the supporting structure on the clamping platform 7 by using a connecting bolt; a spherical washer 4 is disposed at the force application end of the free vise 5.
And seventhly, straightening and pressing the workpiece 6. Applying pressure by using a free vice 5 on one side of a workpiece 6, and pressing by using a spherical washer 4 to straighten the workpiece 6; then, the free vices 5 are symmetrically installed on the opposite sides, and the workpiece 6 is pressed by the free vices 5 on the opposite sides. In the embodiment, the pressing force of the free vice 5 is provided by a screw mechanism, and the lateral force can be directly used for adjusting the straight line of the workpiece 6 in the pressing process; after the adjustment is finished, the wedge-shaped block 3.2 in the adjustable sizing block structure 3 is tightly pressed with the force application end of the free vice 5 to ensure the position reliability of the workpiece 6.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the above-mentioned embodiments, or equivalent substitutions of some technical features, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A large-scale work piece positioning and clamping system is characterized by comprising a clamping platform, a plurality of adjustable sizing block structures, a plurality of free vices and spherical washers, wherein the adjustable sizing block structures are used for supporting and leveling work pieces and are circumferentially distributed around the work pieces at intervals; the top of the adjustable sizing block structure is provided with a spherical gasket, and the bottom of the adjustable sizing block structure is directly arranged on the clamping platform or is arranged on the clamping platform through a supporting structure; the free vices are used for applying pressure to the outer side face of the workpiece to straighten the workpiece, and the free vices are circumferentially distributed around the workpiece at intervals; the free vice is directly arranged on the clamping platform or arranged on the clamping platform through a supporting structure; and the force application end of the free vice is tightly pressed with the outer side surface of the workpiece through the spherical washer.
2. The large workpiece positioning and clamping system according to claim 1, wherein the spherical washer comprises a body and a support, and the body is connected with the adjustable sizing block structure or the free vice; the body is provided with a spherical groove, a counter bore is processed in the body, and magnetic steel for adsorbing the support is installed in the counter bore; the outer side of the support is directly contacted with a workpiece, the inner side of the support is processed with a spherical bulge, the spherical bulge is matched with the spherical groove, and the spherical bulge and the spherical groove can slide relatively.
3. The large-sized workpiece positioning and clamping system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of parallel and spaced T-shaped grooves are formed in the clamping platform, and the T-shaped grooves are configured with T-shaped sliding blocks; the supporting structure comprises a plurality of supporting modules which are connected in an up-down alignment mode, the bottom supporting module is connected with the sliding block, and the top supporting module is connected with the adjustable sizing block structure or the free vice.
4. The large-scale workpiece positioning and clamping system according to claim 3, wherein the bottom surface and the top surface of the support module are respectively provided with a connecting groove, and the connecting grooves are matched with the connecting block and the sliding block; a through hole penetrating through the connecting groove is formed in the center of the supporting module, and a connecting bolt is arranged in the through hole; the connecting groove of the bottom layer supporting module is connected with the sliding block, the two upper and lower adjacent supporting modules are connected through the connecting block, the top layer supporting module is connected with the adjustable sizing block structure or the free vice through the connecting block, the connecting bolt penetrates through the connecting block at the top and is connected with the sliding block after sequentially passing through the through hole of each supporting module, each connecting block and the bottom layer supporting module, and the top of the connecting bolt is locked through the nut.
5. The large-scale workpiece positioning and clamping system as recited in claim 4, wherein the connecting grooves are cross grooves which are staggered transversely and longitudinally, the connecting block is a T-shaped connecting block, and the integral structure of the connecting block is the same as that of the sliding block.
6. A large-scale workpiece positioning and clamping method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, providing each part of the large-scale workpiece positioning and clamping system as claimed in any one of claims 1-5;
secondly, arranging supporting points according to the clamping position of the workpiece, arranging supporting structures at the supporting points and the force application points, and installing the supporting structures on a clamping platform;
mounting an adjustable sizing block structure on the supporting structure at each supporting point, and compensating the shape error of the workpiece leaning surface on a spherical washer;
step four, the workpiece is placed on the adjustable sizing block structure, and the adjustable sizing block structure is used for adjusting the adjustable sizing block structure to level the workpiece;
fifthly, arranging force application points according to the workpiece pressing positions, and installing a supporting structure on a clamping platform at the force application points;
sixthly, connecting the free vice to the supporting structure, and integrally fixing the free vice and the supporting structure on the clamping platform by using a connecting bolt; a spherical washer is arranged at the force application end of the free vice;
and seventhly, straightening and pressing the workpiece.
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| CN202110907492.2A CN113649832A (en) | 2021-08-09 | 2021-08-09 | Large-sized workpiece positioning and clamping system and method |
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