CN113649430B - Processing method of planar metal sheet - Google Patents
Processing method of planar metal sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN113649430B CN113649430B CN202110832967.6A CN202110832967A CN113649430B CN 113649430 B CN113649430 B CN 113649430B CN 202110832967 A CN202110832967 A CN 202110832967A CN 113649430 B CN113649430 B CN 113649430B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/12—Geometric CAD characterised by design entry means specially adapted for CAD, e.g. graphical user interfaces [GUI] specially adapted for CAD
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of a planar metal sheet, which comprises the following steps: predefining a forming pattern on the planar metal sheet, wherein the forming pattern is formed by combining a plurality of holes; calculating the related parameters of the formed pattern according to a preset algorithm to obtain the related parameters of the processed pattern; and processing and punching the planar metal sheet based on the related parameters of the processing pattern, and stretching or spinning the planar metal sheet according to the related parameters of the processing pattern to obtain a molded pattern on a product or a part processed and molded by the planar metal sheet. The invention converts the pre-designed pattern into the processing pattern through the preset algorithm, and the expected design pattern is processed through the processing pattern. The appearance pattern of the part/product which is processed by stretching or spinning can be more similar to the design pattern, the process is more exquisite, and the added value of the product is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a method for machining a planar metal sheet.
Background
A planar metal material can be made into a three-dimensional shape by stretching or spinning, so that the whole part is one piece, no seam exists, products such as common vacuum cups and the like are treated in the way, but if patterns are required to be made on the metal material, the patterns are greatly deformed in the stretching process due to the obvious change of the distance (radius) of the patterns relative to the axis of the product, and the patterns are different from the original patterns in the weather and even cause stretching fracture, so that the process is a current problem and has no clear solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a processing method of a planar metal sheet, which aims to solve the technical problem that the processing deformation in the prior art causes inconsistent with a required pattern.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a processing method of a planar metal sheet, which comprises the following steps:
predefining a forming pattern on the planar metal sheet, wherein the forming pattern is formed by combining a plurality of holes;
calculating the related parameters of the formed pattern according to a preset algorithm to obtain the related parameters of the processed pattern;
and processing and punching the planar metal sheet based on the related parameters of the processing pattern, and stretching or spinning the planar metal sheet according to the related parameters of the processing pattern to obtain a molded pattern on a product or a part processed and molded by the planar metal sheet.
The forming pattern is composed of round holes which are arranged by taking round points of the un-stretched or un-spun parts of the planar metal sheet as the centers to form a plurality of circles of concentric circles.
Relevant parameters of the molded pattern include: the position parameters of the dots, the radius r2 of the stretching or spinning position of the planar metal sheet, the radius r1 of each circle of concentric circles, the number n of round holes on each circle of concentric circles, the interval t of the round holes and the radius r4 of the round holes.
Relevant parameters of the processing pattern include: the position parameters of the dots, the radius r2 of the stretching or spinning position of the planar metal sheet, the radius r1 of each circle of concentric circles, the radius smaller than the number n of circular holes on each circle of concentric circles of r2, the spacing t of the circular holes and the radius r4 of the circular holes, the radius larger than the number n of elliptical holes on each circle of concentric circles of r2, the spacing t of the circular holes, the elliptical major axis a and the elliptical minor axis b of the elliptical holes.
The preset algorithm is as follows: and replacing the radius r4 of each round hole on the concentric circles with the radius larger than r2 in the related parameters of the forming pattern with the elliptical long axis a and the elliptical short axis b of the corresponding elliptical holes, and obtaining the related parameters of the processing pattern after the replacement is completed, wherein the elliptical long axis a and the elliptical short axis b are calculated by the formula r4=2pi (r 2-r 1)/n+a, and r4=b+2 (a-r 4)/(pi-2).
Preferably, the planar metal sheet is circular or square.
Preferably, the planar metal sheet is perforated by etching.
Further, the planar metal sheet is formed into a circle of cylindrical wall perpendicular to the plate surface after being stretched or spun.
Compared with the prior art, the method converts the pre-designed pattern into the processing pattern through the preset algorithm, and the processing pattern is the expected design pattern. The appearance pattern of the part/product which is stretched or spun can be more similar to the design pattern, the process is more exquisite, and the added value of the product is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the structure after stretching or spinning in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure before stretching or spinning in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a stretched or spun product according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a stretched or spun product in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a side view of a stretched or spun product in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a rear view of the drawn or spun product in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The principles and structures of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for processing a planar metal sheet, including the steps of: predefining a forming pattern on the planar metal sheet, wherein the forming pattern is formed by combining a plurality of holes;
calculating the related parameters of the forming pattern according to a preset algorithm, obtaining the related parameters which are needed to be calculated by a part, and directly replacing the related parameters which are not needed to be calculated with the corresponding related parameters in the processing pattern to obtain the related parameters of the processing pattern;
and etching the planar metal sheet based on the related parameters of the processing pattern to process and punch the planar metal sheet, and then stretching or spinning the planar metal sheet according to the related parameters of the processing pattern to obtain a molded pattern formed by combining a plurality of holes on a three-dimensional product processed and molded by the planar metal sheet. In this way, the desired pattern is actually machined. The appearance pattern of the part/product which is stretched or spun can be more similar to the design pattern, the process is more exquisite, and the added value of the product is improved.
The product shown in fig. 5 to 8 is an embodiment of the present invention, and the forming pattern is composed of circular holes arranged in concentric circles around the dots of the unstretched or unspun portion of the planar metal sheet. Namely, one circle of round holes which are arranged at intervals left and right form a concentric circle, and a plurality of circles of concentric circles with different radiuses form the forming pattern. Similarly, the holes may be designed in other shapes, such as diamond-shaped, etc. That is, any pattern formed by hole combinations can be used as the molding pattern according to the present invention.
Relevant parameters of the molded pattern include: the radius r2 of the stretching or spinning position (i.e. the distance from the spinning position to the dot) of the planar metal sheet, the radius r1 of each circle of concentric circles (r 1 is required to be a plurality of different values, that is, each circle of concentric circles has a corresponding radius value, and the radius r1 refers to the distance from the center of any one of the round holes forming the circle of concentric circles to the dot), the number n of the round holes forming each circle of concentric circles (n is required to be a plurality of different values, that is, the number of the round holes on two adjacent circles of concentric circles may be the same or different), the distance t between the adjacent round holes on each circle of concentric circles (also referred to as the wall thickness between the round holes on each circle of concentric circles, because the round holes on each circle of concentric circles are uniformly spaced) and the radius r4 of the round holes (the radius of the round holes on the same circle of concentric circles may be the same or different circle layers of concentric circles may be the same or different). And each circle of round holes are uniformly spaced, and the processing position parameters of each round hole on the planar metal sheet can be obtained through the parameters, so that the etching processing can be performed on the planar metal sheet.
The relevant parameters of the actual processing pattern include: the position parameters of the round dots, the radius r2 of the stretching or spinning position of the planar metal sheet, the radius r1 of each circle of concentric circles, the radius smaller than the number n of round holes on each circle of concentric circles of r2, the interval t between adjacent round holes and the radius r4 of round holes, the radius larger than the number n of elliptical holes on each circle of concentric circles of r2, the interval t between adjacent round holes, the elliptical major axis a and the elliptical minor axis b of the elliptical holes.
The relevant parameters of the processing pattern need to be obtained through calculation, namely only the elliptical long axis a and the elliptical short axis b of the elliptical hole, and other relevant parameters which do not need to be calculated are directly replaced by the relevant parameters of the forming pattern. That is, the radius r4 of each circle of concentric circular holes larger than the radius r2 in the forming pattern is calculated and replaced by the elliptical long axis a and the elliptical short axis b of the elliptical holes, so that the related parameters of the processing pattern can be obtained, and the processing position parameters of each circular hole and elliptical hole in the processing pattern on the planar metal sheet can be obtained through the parameters, so that etching processing, re-stretching or spinning forming can be performed on the planar metal sheet.
The specific calculation formula is r4= (2pi r 2/n-t)/2=2pi (r 2-r 1)/n+a, and r4=b+2 (a-r 4)/(pi-2). Namely, each circle of concentric circles with the radius r2 is larger than the radius r2, and the elliptical holes formed by the concentric circles can calculate the elliptical long axis a and the elliptical short axis b corresponding to the concentric circles through the formula, so that the specific processing position parameters of the elliptical holes can be known. And calculating an elliptical long axis a and an elliptical short axis b corresponding to each concentric circle through different r1 which is larger than r 2.
The following is a calculation and principle of a specific embodiment of the present application, where the planar metal sheet may be square or circular, and now taking circular as an example, i.e. a circular metal sheet.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the center of the circular metal sheet is a circular point, the radius of the planar metal sheet is r0, the drawing or spinning position of the planar metal sheet is at the radius r2, the radius r1 is larger than the radius r2, and is the radius of the concentric circle corresponding to each circle of circular hole, a circle of holes (namely circular holes forming a circle of concentric circles) to be etched on the radius r1 in the drawing are selected, the holes are circular holes in the forming pattern, and the radius of the circular holes is r4.
If the processing is directly performed according to the forming pattern (i.e. the pattern which is finally required to be displayed on the product), in the spinning or stretching process, the circular metal sheet is spun or stretched at the radius r2 to form a circle of cylindrical wall perpendicular to the plane part of the circular metal sheet, and the circular hole with the distance larger than r2 from the center of the circular metal sheet is stretched into an oval shape, which is different from the circular hole in the forming pattern designed first, so that the edge of the pattern is deformed, and the appearance of the product is affected.
For this reason, it is necessary to design the stretched circular hole in advance as an elliptical hole, that is, an elliptical major axis of a and an elliptical minor axis of b. In the spinning or stretching process, the pre-designed elliptical hole becomes a similar circular shape under the action of extrusion and stretching force, and the radius of the circular hole is the radius r4 of the circular hole in the formed pattern.
The specific design and calculation process is as follows:
since the distance between the metal atoms cannot be shortened, the circumference L of the circular hole is not made small, but is made in a shape that the circumference L of the elliptical hole (before stretching) is equal to the circumference L of the circular hole (after stretching).
Namely the formula: l=2pib+4 (a-b) =2pir4
Assuming that n holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of r1, the center distance between the holes is as follows: d=2ρr1/n, the wall thickness t between holes (i.e. the distance between two adjacent holes) is: t=d-2a=2pi r1/n-2a.
During stretching, a will get smaller, denoted a ', b will get larger, denoted b', since all elliptical holes will eventually fall onto the cylindrical wall of r2, so:
the calculation formula of the changed ellipse major axis a' is as follows: a' = (2pi r 2/n-t)/2=2pi (r 2-r 1)/n+a;
since the total circumference is unchanged, i.e., 2pi+4 (a-b) =2pi b ' +4 (a ' -b ');
the calculation formula of the short axis b' after the change is as follows: b '=b+2 (a-a')/(pi-2);
since it is desirable that the shape after the ellipse change is a circle, namely: a '=b' =r4.
In the above formula, r2 (radius of the stretched position of the circular metal sheet), r1 (radius of the concentric circle where the elliptical holes are located), n (number of elliptical holes that enclose one circle of concentric circle), r4 (radius of the formed circular hole), and t (wall thickness between holes) are predetermined known numbers. The value of the radius r1 of each concentric circle can be deduced and calculated to obtain the major axis radius a and the minor axis radius b of each elliptical hole on the concentric circle, namely, the shape of an ellipse, and a series of concentric circles r1 are designed at uniform intervals to obtain a plurality of columns a and b, finally, the larger r1 (going to the outer circle), the more obvious the shape of the ellipse is, but after stretching, the ellipses become approximate circles with the same diameter, so that the design purpose is realized.
In practice, the range of r1 cannot be infinitely varied, otherwise the preset ellipse becomes a thin line, the stretching process cannot change the preset ellipse into an approximate circle, the a and b sequences can be better realized by fine tuning r0, n and r4, concentric circles (i.e. circular circles) with as many layers as possible are realized, and finally the circular holes drawn out through the elliptical holes are closer to the standard circle.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The processing method of the planar metal sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
predefining a forming pattern on the planar metal sheet, wherein the forming pattern is formed by combining a plurality of holes;
calculating the related parameters of the formed pattern according to a preset algorithm to obtain the related parameters of the processed pattern;
processing and punching the planar metal sheet based on the related parameters of the processing pattern, and then stretching or spinning the planar metal sheet according to the related parameters of the processing pattern to obtain a molded pattern on a product or a part processed and molded by the planar metal sheet;
the forming pattern consists of round holes which are arranged by taking round points of the unstretched or non-spun parts of the planar metal sheet as the centers to form a plurality of circles of concentric circles;
the relevant parameters of the molding pattern include: the position parameters of the dots, the radius r2 of the stretching or spinning position of the planar metal sheet, the radius r1 of each circle of concentric circles, the number n of round holes on each circle of concentric circles and the radius r4 of the round holes;
the relevant parameters of the processing pattern include: the position parameters of the dots are the radius r2 of the stretching or spinning position of the planar metal sheet, the radius r1 of each circle of concentric circles, the number n of circular holes on each circle of concentric circles with the radius smaller than r2 and the radius r4 of the circular holes, the number n of elliptical holes on each circle of concentric circles with the radius larger than r2, the elliptical major axis a and the elliptical minor axis b of the elliptical holes;
the preset algorithm is as follows: and replacing the radius r4 of each round hole on the concentric circles with the radius larger than r2 in the related parameters of the forming pattern with the elliptical long axis a and the elliptical short axis b of the corresponding elliptical holes, and obtaining the related parameters of the processing pattern after the replacement is completed, wherein the elliptical long axis a and the elliptical short axis b are calculated by the formula r4=2pi (r 2-r 1)/n+a, and r4=b+2 (a-r 4)/(pi-2).
2. The method of processing a planar metal sheet according to claim 1, wherein the planar metal sheet is circular or square.
3. The method of processing a planar metal sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein said planar metal sheet is perforated by etching.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the planar metal sheet is drawn or spun to form a cylindrical wall perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.
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| JP2000140953A (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2000-05-23 | Fuji Hatsujo Kk | Method for press forming of sheet metal and its forming die |
| JP2017144457A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-24 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Molding device and molding method |
| CN107745028B (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-24 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | High magnesium-rare earth coupling barrel deformation temperature field control tooling and control method |
| CN111215519B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-10-26 | 南京工程学院 | Process method for compensating mesh deformation process in incremental forming |
| CN112935056B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2023-01-06 | 华南理工大学 | Spinning solution treatment composite forming method for nickel-based high-temperature alloy cylinder with bottom |
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