CN113644435A - Dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system and using method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system and a using method thereof, wherein the dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation antenna system comprises: at least two high frequency antenna elements and at least one low frequency antenna element; one low-frequency antenna unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency antenna units. The low-frequency antenna units are arranged between the two high-frequency antenna units, and the coupling between the high-frequency antenna units is absorbed through the self-resonance generated by the low-frequency antenna units at high frequency, so that the effects of reducing the coupling between the high-frequency antenna units and improving the port isolation are achieved; and an additional decoupling means is not needed, a dual-frequency coupled high-isolation multi-antenna system can be realized, and the space and the cost of the antenna system are greatly saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and relates to a dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system and a using method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of electronic information technology, increasing data transmission rate is the main direction of wireless communication technology development. The MIMO (english: multiple input multiple output, chinese: multiple input multiple output) technology is a main technology for improving system channel capacity and improving spectrum resource utilization rate, greatly expands the space for increasing data transmission rate, and is a research hotspot in the current wireless communication field. The performance of the antenna as an indispensable terminal component of a wireless system determines the overall performance of the system.
With the development of wireless systems towards miniaturization, the distance between multiple antennas in the MIMO system is reduced, and mutual coupling between antenna units is enhanced, so that the performance of multiple antennas is reduced sharply, and the advantages of the MIMO system are seriously impaired. Meanwhile, with the development of mobile communication technology, the working frequency bands of the antenna are more and more, taking 5G communication as an example, in a sub6GHz frequency band, there are typical frequency bands such as N41, N77, N79, etc., Wi-Fi communication generally occupies 2.4GHz and 5.15-5.85GHz frequency bands, and GPS and beidou navigation systems generally use frequencies near 1.2 and 1.5 GHz. In addition to the above mentioned interference coupling of antennas to each other in MIMO systems, there is also coupling and interference between systems of different frequencies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the double-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system is provided, under the conditions that the physical space is limited and the adjacent antenna units with different frequencies are strongly coupled with each other, the problem of electromagnetic interference coupling between the multi-antenna systems with different frequencies is effectively solved, double-frequency hybrid arrangement is realized, meanwhile, an additional decoupling means is not needed, higher isolation is realized, and the space and the cost of the antenna system are greatly saved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system is provided, which includes: at least two high frequency antenna elements and at least one low frequency antenna element; one low-frequency antenna unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency antenna units.
The low-frequency antenna units are arranged between the two high-frequency antenna units, and the coupling between the high-frequency antenna units is absorbed through the self-resonance generated by the low-frequency antenna units at high frequency, so that the effects of reducing the coupling between the high-frequency antenna units and improving the port isolation are achieved; and an additional decoupling means is not needed, a dual-frequency coupled high-isolation multi-antenna system can be realized, and the space and the cost of the antenna system are greatly saved.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the working frequencies of the high-frequency antenna units are the same, and the low-frequency antenna units are respectively arranged at the midpoint position between the two corresponding adjacent high-frequency antenna units.
Because the operating frequency of high frequency antenna element is the same, consequently can set up the mid point position between two high frequency antenna element with low frequency antenna element, can confirm the arrangement position of low frequency antenna element fast.
The further technical scheme is as follows: a high-frequency band-pass filter or a high-pass filter is connected between the port of at least one high-frequency antenna unit and the antenna in series.
Because the high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit have certain frequency intervals, the extra coupling generated from the low-frequency antenna unit to the high-frequency antenna unit can be filtered by connecting a high-frequency band-pass filter or a high-pass filter between the port of the high-frequency antenna unit and the antenna in series.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and a low-frequency band-pass filter or a low-pass filter is connected between the port of at least one low-frequency antenna unit and the antenna in series.
Because a certain frequency interval exists between the high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit, the extra coupling generated from the low-frequency antenna unit to the high-frequency antenna unit can be filtered by serially connecting a low-frequency band-pass filter or a low-pass filter between the port of the low-frequency antenna unit and the antenna.
The further technical scheme is as follows: each high-frequency antenna unit and each low-frequency antenna unit are arranged on the same dielectric substrate, ports of the high-frequency antenna units and ports of the low-frequency antenna units are arranged on the same floor, and the ports sequentially penetrate through the floor and the dielectric substrate to be connected with the antennas.
The high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit and the respective ports can be fixed into a whole by arranging the high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit on the dielectric substrate and arranging the ports on the floor, so that the decoupling performance of the whole is ensured.
In a second aspect, there is provided a method for using the dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system according to the first aspect, including: adjusting the distance between the low-frequency antenna unit and the high-frequency antenna unit, or/and adjusting the impedance characteristic of the low-frequency antenna unit at the high-frequency working frequency so as to improve the isolation between the adjacent high-frequency antenna units; wherein the impedance characteristics of the low-frequency antenna unit at the low-frequency operating frequency are kept unchanged.
By adjusting the impedance characteristics of the low-frequency antenna units at the high-frequency operating frequency, the isolation between the high-frequency antenna units can be changed, and the operating state of the low-frequency antenna units within the low-frequency operating frequency can be maintained.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the adjusting of the impedance characteristic of the low-frequency antenna unit at the high-frequency operating frequency includes: and adjusting the mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna unit at the high-frequency working frequency, so that the total mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna unit and the mutual admittance parameters between the high-frequency antenna unit are in equal-amplitude reverse phase.
By adjusting the mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna units at the high-frequency working frequency, the total mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna elements and the mutual admittance parameters between the high-frequency antenna units are in equal-amplitude reverse phase, and the isolation between the high-frequency antenna units can be improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual-band hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system with a high-frequency band-pass filter and a low-frequency band-pass filter connected thereto according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual-band hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system with a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter coupled thereto according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dual-band hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system with a high-frequency band-pass filter and a low-frequency band-pass filter coupled thereto according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an electromagnetic simulation model provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a response graph for the corresponding S parameter in the example of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is an electromagnetic simulation model diagram corresponding to a dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a response graph for the corresponding S parameter in the example of fig. 7.
Wherein: 1. a first high-frequency antenna unit; 11. a first port; 12. a first high frequency band pass filter; 13. a first high-pass filter; 2. a first low frequency antenna element; 21. a second port; 22. a low frequency band pass filter; 23. a low-pass filter; 3. a second high-frequency antenna unit; 31. a third port; 32. a second high frequency band pass filter; 33. a second high pass filter; 4. a second low frequency antenna element; 41. a fourth port; 5. a third high frequency antenna element; 51. a fifth port; 52. a third high band pass filter; 6. a dielectric substrate; 7. a floor board.
Detailed Description
Example (b): under the conditions that physical attack is limited and adjacent antenna units with different frequencies are strongly coupled with each other, the dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system comprises two antennas with different frequencies, namely a low-frequency antenna and a high-frequency antenna, and the low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna are arranged in a mixed mode to form a compact multi-antenna system. Referring to fig. 1 to 8 in combination, the dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system includes: at least two high frequency antenna elements and at least one low frequency antenna element; and a low-frequency antenna unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency antenna units. The low-frequency antenna units are arranged among the high-frequency antenna units, and the isolation of the surrounding high-frequency antenna can be greatly improved to 15 decibels or even higher without influencing the low-frequency working state of the low-frequency antenna units by tuning the working characteristics of the low-frequency antenna units at high frequency and the distance between the low-frequency antenna units and the surrounding high-frequency antenna units, so that the high-frequency antenna units have higher isolation without any additional decoupling means while achieving double-frequency mixed arrangement.
The low-frequency antenna element is an antenna element operating at a low frequency, and the high-frequency antenna element is an antenna element operating at a high frequency.
The isolation degree refers to the degree of mutual interference between the antennas, and refers to the ratio of a signal transmitted by one antenna, a signal coupled to the other antenna and a signal of the transmitting antenna; coupling refers to the transfer of energy from one element, circuit or network to another element, circuit or network, and is generally denoted as CijI, j are the ith and jth antennas, respectively, and to quantify this coupling, the mutual admittance or mutual impedance or isolation between the i, j antennas may be used; decoupling, also known as decoupling, refers to eliminating coupling between antennas in a multiple antenna system or increasing isolation between antennas in a multiple antenna system.
As shown in fig. 1, the first port 11 and the third port 31 are respectively connected to the first high frequency antenna unit 1 and the second high frequency antenna unit 3, the second port 21 is connected to the first low frequency antenna unit 2, the coupling between the high frequency antenna units is labeled C13, the coupling C13 is generally larger when the first low frequency antenna unit 2 is not provided, and the isolation | S13| (the amplitude of S13) of the corresponding first port 11 and the third port 31 is generally only 10 db or even worse. After adding the first low frequency antenna element 2, the first low frequency antenna element 2 can operate normally in the low frequency band without being affected by the two high frequency antenna elements, but the first low frequency antenna element 2 in the high frequency band will have unavoidable couplings C12 and C23 with the two high frequency antenna elements, and it can be seen that after adding the first low frequency antenna element 2, there are two paths between the first high frequency antenna element 1 and the second high frequency antenna element 3: original coupling C13, the path from the first high-frequency antenna element 1 to the second high-frequency antenna element 3; a coupling path is introduced from the first high frequency antenna element 1 through coupling C12 to the first low frequency antenna element 2 and then through coupling C23 to the second high frequency antenna element 3.
The application method of the dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system comprises the following steps:
adjusting the distance between the low-frequency antenna unit and the high-frequency antenna unit, or/and adjusting the impedance characteristic of the low-frequency antenna unit at the high-frequency working frequency so as to improve the isolation between the adjacent high-frequency antenna units; wherein the impedance characteristics of the low frequency antenna element at the low frequency operating frequency remain unchanged.
Specifically, the adjusting of the impedance characteristic of the low-frequency antenna unit at the high-frequency operating frequency includes: the mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna unit at the high-frequency working frequency are adjusted, the input admittance characteristics of the low-frequency working frequency are kept unchanged, so that the total mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna unit and the mutual admittance parameters between the high-frequency antenna unit are in equal-amplitude reverse phase, and finally the isolation between the high-frequency antenna unit is improved to be more than 15 decibels or 15 decibels.
It should be noted that the operation of the low frequency antenna element at low frequencies is not affected. In the design process of the low-frequency antenna unit, besides ensuring the working state of the low-frequency antenna unit in the low-frequency band, including the matching state, the radiation efficiency and the directional diagram requirements, the mutual admittance characteristics between the low-frequency antenna unit and the high-frequency antenna unit in the high-frequency antenna band and the distance between the low-frequency antenna unit and the surrounding high-frequency antenna unit need to be adjusted, and finally, the isolation between the high-frequency antenna units around the low-frequency antenna unit is increased to 20 decibels or higher, and at the moment, the isolation between the low-frequency antenna unit and the high-frequency antenna unit is usually not high and is about 10 decibels.
By designing the mutual admittance (or coupling C12, C23) of the low-frequency antenna unit at high frequency, the low-frequency antenna unit is enabled to have the same amplitude and opposite phase (the same amplitude and 180 degrees phase difference) with the original coupling C13, the high-frequency antenna coupling C13 can be counteracted, and the isolation between the first port 11 and the third port 31 is greatly improved.
Optionally, the operating frequencies of the high-frequency antenna units are the same, and the low-frequency antenna units are respectively arranged at the midpoint between two corresponding adjacent high-frequency antenna units.
Meanwhile, because a certain frequency interval exists between the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna, the extra coupling generated from the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna can be filtered only by connecting a filter in series behind the ports of the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna, and the isolation between the high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit is further improved.
The filter is a frequency selection device, which can make the specific frequency component in the signal pass through, but greatly attenuate other frequency components, and the interference noise can be filtered by using the frequency selection function of the filter. The filters are further classified into a low-pass filter, a band-pass filter, a high-pass filter, and a band-stop filter.
In a first possible implementation, a high-frequency band-pass filter or a high-pass filter covering high frequencies is connected in series between the port of at least one of the high-frequency antenna units and the antenna, so that the isolation between the high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit and between the high-frequency antenna units can be further improved.
In a second possible implementation, a low-frequency band-pass filter or a low-pass filter covering low frequencies is connected in series between the port of at least one of the low-frequency antenna units and the antenna, so that the isolation between the high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit and between the high-frequency antenna units can be further improved.
In a third possible implementation, a high-frequency band-pass filter or a high-pass filter covering high frequencies is connected in series between the port of at least one of the high-frequency antenna units and the antenna, and a low-frequency band-pass filter or a low-pass filter covering low frequencies is connected in series between the port of at least one of the low-frequency antenna units and the antenna, so that the isolation between the high-frequency antenna units and the low-frequency antenna units and between the high-frequency antenna units in all frequency bands can be further improved.
By arranging the low-frequency antenna elements between the high-frequency antenna elements, with the use of the couplings C12 and C23 between the high-frequency antenna elements and the low-frequency antenna elements, in order to further reduce the mutual influence between the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas, it is possible to further connect in series a band-pass filter at the corresponding port of the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas, as shown in fig. 2, a low-frequency band-pass filter 22 at the second port 21 of the first low-frequency antenna element 2, a first high-frequency band-pass filter 12 at the first port 11 of the first high-frequency antenna element 1, and a second high-frequency band-pass filter 32 at the third port 31 of the second high-frequency antenna element 3; alternatively, as shown in fig. 3, a low-pass filter 23 is connected in series to the second port 21 of the first low-frequency antenna unit 2, a first high-pass filter 13 is connected in series to the first port 11 of the first high-frequency antenna unit 1, and a second high-pass filter 33 is connected in series to the third port of the second high-frequency antenna unit 3, whereby the effect of further improving the isolation can be achieved.
Illustratively, the present application also provides a multi-antenna system composed of three high-frequency antenna units and two low-frequency antenna units, as shown in fig. 4, a first low-frequency antenna unit 2 is disposed between a first high-frequency antenna unit 1 and a second high-frequency antenna unit 3, a second low-frequency antenna unit 4 is disposed between the second high-frequency antenna unit 3 and a third high-frequency antenna unit 5, the first high-frequency antenna unit 1 is connected with a first port 11, the first port 11 is connected with a first high-frequency band-pass filter 12 in series, the first low-frequency antenna unit 2 is connected with a second port 21, the second high-frequency antenna unit 3 is connected with a third port 31, the third port 31 is connected with a second high-frequency band-pass filter 32 in series, the second low-frequency antenna unit 4 is connected with a fourth port 41, the third high-frequency antenna unit 5 is connected with a fifth port 51, and the fifth port 51 is connected with a third high-frequency band-pass filter 52 in series. Similarly, a relatively significant coupling C13 exists between the first high-frequency antenna element 1 and the second high-frequency antenna element 3, and a relatively significant coupling C35 exists between the second high-frequency antenna element 3 and the third high-frequency antenna element 5, and the isolation is usually 10 db. The original coupling C13 and C35 can be effectively cancelled by the coupling C12 and C23 between the first low-frequency antenna unit 2 and the first high-frequency antenna unit 1 and the second high-frequency antenna unit 3, and the coupling C34 and C45 between the second low-frequency antenna unit 4 and the second high-frequency antenna unit 3 and the third high-frequency antenna unit 5, so that the isolation between the first port 11 and the third port 31 and the isolation between the third port 31 and the fifth port 51 can be increased to 15 decibels or even higher.
In practical application, each high-frequency antenna unit and each low-frequency antenna unit are arranged on the same dielectric substrate, ports of each high-frequency antenna unit and each low-frequency antenna unit are arranged on the same floor, and the ports sequentially penetrate through the floor and the dielectric substrate to be connected with the antennas.
Referring to fig. 5 to 8 in combination, fig. 5 is an electromagnetic simulation model diagram of a multi-antenna system having a first high-frequency antenna unit 1 and a second high-frequency antenna unit 3, wherein the first high-frequency antenna unit 1 and the second high-frequency antenna unit 3 operate at 3.3 to 3.7GHz, and the two antennas are relatively close to each other, and illustratively, the first high-frequency antenna unit 1 and the second high-frequency antenna unit 3 are both printed monopole antennas, the antennas are printed on the front surface of an FR4 dielectric substrate 6 with a dielectric constant of 4.4, the back surface of the dielectric substrate 6 is a metal floor 7, the antennas are fed by using lumped ports, and in practice, coaxial cable feeding may be used to drive radio frequency connector replacement. The S parameter response of the model of FIG. 5 is shown in FIG. 6, where S11 is the port match state, which can be seen to be Xiaoshu-10 dB in the 3.3-3.7GHz band; s13 shows the isolation between the two antennas, which is about 7-10 db due to the close spacing between the antennas in the operating band, resulting in strong coupling.
In order to solve the coupling problem shown in fig. 5 and 6, as shown in fig. 7, the first low-frequency antenna unit 2 is added between the first high-frequency antenna unit 1 and the second high-frequency antenna unit 3, the first low-frequency antenna unit 2 operates at 2.4-2.5GHz, and as can be seen from the S-parameter response shown in fig. 8, the first low-frequency antenna unit 2 operates at the frequency band of 2.4-2.5GHz, at which time as can be seen from fig. 8, the operating bandwidth of the high-frequency antenna unit is not affected at all, and at the same time, the port isolation between the two high-frequency antenna units has risen from the previous 7-10 db to more than 15 db, and part of the frequency band can reach 20 db or even higher. Therefore, the method for improving the coupling performance can be well applied to the multi-antenna communication system.
In summary, according to the dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system and the using method thereof provided by the application, the low-frequency antenna units are arranged between the two high-frequency antenna units, and the coupling existing between the high-frequency antenna units is absorbed through the self-resonance generated by the low-frequency antenna units at high frequency, so that the effects of reducing the coupling between the high-frequency antenna units and improving the port isolation degree are achieved; and an additional decoupling means is not needed, a dual-frequency coupled high-isolation multi-antenna system can be realized, and the space and the cost of the antenna system are greatly saved.
In addition, by adjusting the impedance characteristics of the low-frequency antenna elements at the high-frequency operating frequency, it is possible to change the degree of isolation between the high-frequency antenna elements and maintain the operating state of the low-frequency antenna elements within the low-frequency operating frequency.
In addition, by adjusting the mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna units at the high-frequency working frequency, the total mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna elements and the mutual admittance parameters between the high-frequency antenna units are in equal-amplitude reverse phase, and the isolation between the high-frequency antenna units can be improved.
In addition, because the operating frequencies of the high-frequency antenna units are the same, the low-frequency antenna unit can be arranged at the midpoint position between the two high-frequency antenna units, and the arrangement position of the low-frequency antenna unit can be quickly determined.
In addition, because a certain frequency interval exists between the high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit, the extra coupling generated from the low-frequency antenna unit to the high-frequency antenna unit can be filtered by connecting a high-frequency band-pass filter or a high-pass filter between the port of the high-frequency antenna unit and the antenna in series.
In addition, because a certain frequency interval exists between the high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit, the extra coupling generated from the low-frequency antenna unit to the high-frequency antenna unit can be filtered by serially connecting a low-frequency band-pass filter or a low-pass filter between the port of the low-frequency antenna unit and the antenna.
In addition, by connecting a high-frequency band-pass filter or a high-pass filter in series between the port of the high-frequency antenna unit and the antenna and connecting a low-frequency band-pass filter or a low-pass filter in series between the port of the low-frequency antenna unit and the antenna, the degree of isolation between the low-frequency antenna unit and the high-frequency antenna unit can be increased to a greater extent.
In addition, the high-frequency antenna unit and the low-frequency antenna unit are arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the ports are arranged on the floor, so that the high-frequency antenna unit, the low-frequency antenna unit and the respective ports can be fixed into a whole, and the decoupling performance of the whole is ensured.
The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying a number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a defined feature of "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system, comprising: at least two high frequency antenna elements and at least one low frequency antenna element;
one low-frequency antenna unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency antenna units.
2. The dual-band hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the operating frequencies of the high-frequency antenna elements are the same, and the low-frequency antenna elements are respectively disposed at the midpoint between two corresponding adjacent high-frequency antenna elements.
3. The dual-frequency hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system according to claim 1, wherein a high-frequency band-pass filter or a high-pass filter is connected in series between the port of at least one of the high-frequency antenna units and the antenna.
4. The dual-band hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein a low-frequency band-pass filter or a low-pass filter is connected in series between the port of at least one of the low-frequency antenna units and the antenna.
5. The dual-band hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system according to claim 3, wherein each of the high-frequency antenna elements and each of the low-frequency antenna elements are disposed on a same dielectric substrate, ports of each of the high-frequency antenna elements and ports of each of the low-frequency antenna elements are disposed on a same floor, and the ports sequentially penetrate through the floor and the dielectric substrate to be connected with an antenna.
6. A method for using the dual-band hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
adjusting the distance between the low-frequency antenna unit and the high-frequency antenna unit, or/and adjusting the impedance characteristic of the low-frequency antenna unit at the high-frequency working frequency so as to improve the isolation between the adjacent high-frequency antenna units;
wherein the impedance characteristics of the low-frequency antenna unit at the low-frequency operating frequency are kept unchanged.
7. The dual-band hybrid high-isolation multi-antenna system according to claim 6, wherein said adjusting the impedance characteristics of said low-frequency antenna elements at high-frequency operating frequencies comprises:
and adjusting the mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna unit at the high-frequency working frequency, so that the total mutual admittance parameters of the low-frequency antenna unit and the mutual admittance parameters between the high-frequency antenna unit are in equal-amplitude reverse phase.
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