CN113640900A - Rain and snow measuring method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Rain and snow measuring method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113640900A CN113640900A CN202110930535.9A CN202110930535A CN113640900A CN 113640900 A CN113640900 A CN 113640900A CN 202110930535 A CN202110930535 A CN 202110930535A CN 113640900 A CN113640900 A CN 113640900A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rain
- snow
- data
- capture rate
- precipitation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002790 cross-validation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a rain and snow amount measuring method, a device, equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of rain and snow amount measurement. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring rain and snow weight data acquired by a weight sensor; calculating precipitation capture rate based on environmental temperature data and wind speed data corresponding to the collection time period of the rain and snow weight data; compensating the rain and snow weight data based on the precipitation capture rate to obtain a rain and snow amount measurement. According to the method, the fact that the actually received rainfall and the real rainfall have errors due to the fact that the rainfall recorded by the rain and snow gauge is influenced by wind is considered, the rainfall capture rate of the rain and snow gauge is calculated through wind speed data and environment temperature data, therefore, the measurement data of the rain and snow gauge are compensated according to the rainfall capture rate, and the measurement accuracy of the rain and snow gauge is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of rain and snow quantity measurement, in particular to a rain and snow quantity measurement method, device, equipment and storage medium.
Background
Precipitation in alpine mountain areas is mostly in a solid state form, and the error of a common precipitation observation instrument in solid-state precipitation observation is very large, so that the precipitation in alpine mountain areas cannot be accurately reflected. The weighing rain and snow gauge can measure all types of precipitation in high and cold mountainous areas, so that the observation result is objective and continuous, the accuracy of solid precipitation observation is improved, and the observation quality and efficiency are further improved.
However, when the existing rain and snow gauge is in an operating state, the recorded rainfall is affected by wind (wind speed and wind direction), so that the actually received rainfall is often much less than the real rainfall, and an error exists between the actually received rainfall and the real rainfall, and therefore the measurement accuracy of the existing rain and snow gauge is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method, an apparatus, a device and a storage medium for measuring rain and snow, so as to solve the problem of poor measurement accuracy caused by the influence of wind speed in the prior art.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for measuring rain and snow quantity, which comprises the following steps: acquiring rain and snow weight data by a weight sensor; calculating precipitation capture rate based on corresponding ambient temperature data and wind speed data in the collection period of the rain and snow weight data; compensating the rain and snow weight data based on the precipitation capture rate to obtain a corrected precipitation measurement.
In the implementation mode, after the rain and snow gauge obtains the rain and snow weight data, the precipitation capture rate of the rain and snow gauge is calculated through the wind speed data and the environment temperature data, so that the measurement data of the rain and snow gauge is compensated according to the precipitation capture rate, errors caused by the influence of wind speed on the measurement of the rain and snow gauge are reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the rain and snow gauge is improved.
Optionally, the calculating a precipitation capture rate based on corresponding ambient temperature data and wind speed data during the collection period of the rain and snow weight data includes: and substituting the wind speed data and the environment temperature data into a precipitation capture rate model to calculate the precipitation capture rate.
In the implementation mode, the precipitation capture rate of different wind speeds and temperatures is subjected to function calculation through the precipitation capture model, the precipitation capture rate can be calculated based on the wind speed and the environmental temperature data, and the overall calculation efficiency is improved.
Optionally, before said substituting said wind speed data and said ambient temperature data into a precipitation capture rate model to calculate said precipitation capture rate, said method further comprises: acquiring first weight data acquired by the rain and snow meter under the condition that a windshield blocks airflow and second weight data acquired under the condition that the windshield blocks airflow, wherein the first weight data and the second weight data comprise a plurality of data corresponding to each time period; acquiring the ambient temperature data and the wind speed data of each time interval; taking the ratio of the first weight data and the second weight data of each time period as a precipitation capture rate; and constructing the precipitation capture rate model based on the environment temperature data, the wind speed data and the precipitation capture rate of each time period.
In the implementation mode, the precipitation capture rate model is calibrated through the rain and snow gauge measuring results in a plurality of periods under the conditions of using the windshield and not using the windshield, so that a complete precipitation capture rate model is constructed, the precipitation capture rate under different wind speed conditions can be estimated through the precipitation capture rate model, and the precipitation capture rate calculation accuracy of the precipitation capture rate model is ensured.
Optionally, the precipitation capture rate model comprises:
CE＝(a)e-b(U)+ c; where CE represents precipitation capture rate, TairAnd the average temperature of each time interval is represented, U represents the average wind speed of each time interval, and a, b and c are parameters obtained by fitting when the precipitation capture rate model is constructed.
In the implementation mode, the average temperature and the average wind speed in a period are adopted, the problem that the difficulty in measurement and calculation is high due to the fact that a specific moment is adopted is solved, the precipitation capture rate model is set based on the influence of the wind speed and the temperature on the precipitation capture rate, and the accuracy of the precipitation capture model is improved.
Optionally, after the building the precipitation capture rate model based on the ambient temperature data, the wind speed data, and the precipitation capture rate for each period, the method further comprises: and verifying the applicability of the precipitation capture rate model by adopting a ten-fold cross verification method.
In the implementation mode, the applicability of the precipitation capture rate model is verified through a ten-fold cross verification method, and the accuracy of the precipitation capture rate model is further ensured.
The embodiment of the application provides a sleet volume measuring device, the device includes: the weight data acquisition module is used for acquiring rain and snow weight data through the weight sensor; the rainfall capture rate calculation module is used for calculating the rainfall capture rate based on corresponding environmental temperature data and wind speed data in the collection time period of the rain and snow weight data; and the compensation module is used for compensating the rain and snow weight data based on the precipitation capture rate so as to obtain a corrected precipitation measurement result.
In the implementation mode, after the rain and snow gauge obtains the rain and snow weight data, the precipitation capture rate of the rain and snow gauge is calculated through the wind speed data and the environment temperature data, so that the measurement data of the rain and snow gauge is compensated according to the precipitation capture rate, errors caused by the influence of wind speed on the measurement of the rain and snow gauge are reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the rain and snow gauge is improved.
Optionally, the precipitation capture rate calculation module is specifically configured to: and substituting the wind speed data and the environment temperature data into a precipitation capture rate model to calculate the precipitation capture rate.
In the implementation mode, the precipitation capture rate of different wind speeds and temperatures is subjected to function calculation through the precipitation capture model, the precipitation capture rate can be calculated based on the wind speed and the environmental temperature data, and the overall calculation efficiency is improved.
Optionally, the device for measuring the amount of rain and snow further comprises: a model building module for obtaining first weight data collected by the rain and snow meter under the condition that the windshield blocks airflow and second weight data collected by the rain and snow meter under the condition that the windshield blocks airflow, wherein the first weight data and the second weight data comprise a plurality of data corresponding to each time period; acquiring the ambient temperature data and the wind speed data of each time interval; taking the ratio of the first weight data and the second weight data of each time period as a precipitation capture rate; and constructing the precipitation capture rate model based on the environment temperature data, the wind speed data and the precipitation capture rate of each time period.
In the implementation mode, the precipitation capture rate model is calibrated through the rain and snow gauge measuring results in a plurality of periods under the conditions of using the windshield and not using the windshield, so that a complete precipitation capture rate model is constructed, the precipitation capture rate under different wind speed conditions can be estimated through the precipitation capture rate model, and the precipitation capture rate calculation accuracy of the precipitation capture rate model is ensured.
Optionally, the precipitation capture rate model comprises:
CE＝(a)e-b(U)+ c; where CE represents precipitation capture rate, TairAnd the average temperature of each time interval is represented, U represents the average wind speed of each time interval, and a, b and c are parameters obtained by fitting when the precipitation capture rate model is constructed.
In the implementation mode, the average temperature and the average wind speed in a period are adopted, the problem that the difficulty in measurement and calculation is high due to the fact that a specific moment is adopted is solved, the precipitation capture rate model is set based on the influence of the wind speed and the temperature on the precipitation capture rate, and the accuracy of the precipitation capture model is improved.
Optionally, the device for measuring the amount of rain and snow further comprises: and the verification module is used for verifying the applicability of the precipitation capture rate model by adopting a ten-fold cross verification method.
In the implementation mode, the applicability of the precipitation capture rate model is verified through a ten-fold cross verification method, and the accuracy of the precipitation capture rate model is further ensured.
The embodiment of the application also provides rain and snow quantity measuring equipment which comprises a rain and snow quantity measuring container, an air speed sensor, a temperature sensor and a data acquisition unit, wherein the air speed sensor and the temperature sensor are both connected with the data acquisition unit; the rain and snow gauge container comprises a weighing platform and a rain and snow gauge shell, the rain and snow gauge shell is arranged around the weighing platform, an opening is formed in the top of the rain and snow gauge shell, a weight sensor is arranged in the weighing platform, and the weight sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring rain and snow weight data through the weight sensor, environment temperature data acquired through the temperature sensor and wind speed data acquired through the wind speed sensor; calculating precipitation capture rate based on corresponding ambient temperature data and wind speed data in the collection period of the rain and snow weight data; compensating the rain and snow weight data based on the precipitation capture rate to obtain a corrected precipitation measurement.
In the above implementation manner, the rain and snow amount measuring equipment can acquire wind speed data and environmental temperature data through the wind speed sensor and the temperature sensor, calculate precipitation capture rate based on the environmental temperature data and the wind speed data, compensate for rain and snow weight data of the weighing platform, and improve the accuracy of rain and snow amount measurement.
Optionally, the rain and snow amount measuring apparatus further comprises a windshield for blocking an air flow blowing toward the opening of the rain and snow amount meter housing.
In the above implementation manner, the rain and snow weight data can be acquired by the rain and snow measuring device under the influence of wind and without the influence of wind through the control of the windshield, so that the precipitation capture rate model can be established based on the rain and snow weight data under two different conditions.
Optionally, the rain and snow gauge container is provided with an inverted siphon type automatic drainer.
In the above implementation mode, accumulated water in the container can be drained in a diversion mode through the inverted siphon type automatic drainer, and the accumulated water is not affected by external weather changes, so that the drainage stability is guaranteed.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a readable storage medium, in which computer program instructions are stored, and the computer program instructions are read by a processor and executed to perform the steps in any of the above implementation manners.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring an amount of rain and snow according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a windshield according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the amount of rain and snow according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a device for measuring an amount of rain and snow according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Icon: 10-a rain and snow measuring device; 11-a rain and snow gauge container; 1121-opening; 111-a weighing platform; 112-rain and snow gauge housing; 113-heating module; 12-a wind speed sensor; 13-a temperature sensor; 14-a data collector; 15-inverted siphon type automatic drainer; 16-windshield; 161-cross arm; 162-a standpipe; 163-a baffle; 164-arc iron ring; 171-a storage battery; 172-solar panel; 173-solar charging controller; 174-incubator; 30-a rain and snow measuring device; 31-a weight data acquisition module; 32-precipitation capture rate calculation module; 33-compensation module.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
First, the present embodiment provides a device 10 for measuring amount of rain and snow, please refer to fig. 1, and fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for measuring amount of rain and snow provided in the embodiments of the present application. Next, the rain and snow amount measuring apparatus 10 used will be explained.
The rain and snow measuring apparatus 10 includes a rain and snow meter case 11, a wind speed sensor 12, a temperature sensor 13, and a data collector 14.
Optionally, the rain and snow gauge container 11 comprises a weighing platform 111 and a rain and snow gauge housing 112, the rain and snow gauge housing 112 adopts a weighing method and an open type sampling barrel design, the rain and snow gauge container 11 is fixed on the ground through a stand column, and the stand column and the rain and snow gauge container 11 are fixed through adjusting screws. The core component of the weighing platform 111 is a weight sensor, and a high-precision pressure sensing element is selected to measure liquid rainwater and solid rainwater collected by the sampling barrel respectively.
The major structure of the rain and snow gauge container 11 is made of stainless steel, standard parts are adopted for design, modular parts are adopted, the rain and snow gauge container is firm and durable, meanwhile, the replaceability is strong, the maintenance time and the maintenance difficulty can be reduced by replacing parts for quick maintenance and replacement, and therefore the liquid state, solid state or solid-liquid mixed precipitation can be measured stably and precisely for a long time without maintenance.
The weighing platform 111 can be composed of a fixed module, a semi-floating module and a plurality of floating modules, the semi-floating module is required to be installed at the opposite angle of the fixed module, the installation pivot of the fixed module can not generate horizontal displacement, therefore, in the system design process, the pipeline and the electric connection part are close to the point, the semi-floating module and the floating module enable the system to move around the fixed point, and the influence of container deformation on weighing is eliminated.
Optionally, the bottom of the weighing platform 111 may be further provided with a heating module 113 so as to heat and melt the solid rain and snow, thereby improving the measurement accuracy and facilitating the subsequent drainage.
The weight sensor is controlled by a Micro Controller Unit (MCU) under the control of a set of rainfall meter management program. The hypervisor is placed in PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), and EPROM (electrically Programmable Read Only Memory) stores all calibration constants, temperature coefficients, and timing frequency. The OPD (precipitation occurrence detector) provides a precipitation occurrence signal, the weight sensor provides a group of signal outputs which are in direct proportion to the weight of rainfall/snowfall in the gauge, the output is pulses imitating the tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge, the measurement of the weight of the rainfall/snowfall and the signal compensation of temperature and wind are completed through the data collector 14, the automatic measurement in each time interval is realized, the precipitation and the accumulated precipitation in the current time interval are stored, and the time interval can be set according to specific requirements.
When the weight sensor is a strain pressure sensor, the strain pressure sensor has different resistance changes under different rainfall, the changes are linear, and a corresponding relation is established between the resistance changes and the rainfall increase and decrease through calibration.
However, at different temperatures, the strain sensors have signal drift caused by temperature, so that the corresponding relation of each set of sensors needs to be calibrated at different temperature intervals, the corresponding relation of different sensors and rainfall is established at a set of different temperatures, the established function is solidified inside the acquisition circuit, and then the precipitation event is accurately measured.
Because temperature is a key index in an algorithm, a high-precision temperature sensor is designed in the pressure sensor when the pressure sensor is designed, a circuit acquires pressure and temperature signals simultaneously, analyzes and calculates to obtain a measurement result, the circuit further calculates the rainfall intensity, the rainfall amount in the interval time and other subsequent data products according to weight information and time intervals, the data is stored through a nonvolatile memory chip and is transmitted to a user terminal through a cellular digital network, and the data is calibrated in time because the severe outdoor environment causes system finishing aging or structure deviation which finally causes serious system errors, so that the system is calibrated in time and is necessary for accurate rainfall measurement, and a measuring device arranged in a alpine and alpine region is difficult to calibrate and calibrate artificially, so an automatic calibration device is designed, the sensor can be calibrated at regular time, the calibration can be carried out by remote setting or automatically at fixed time intervals, and the calibration principle is as follows:
when a remote instruction or a fixed time interval prompts that calibration is needed, a program starts to collect and determine signals, no corresponding precipitation event exists before the calibration is started, namely, precipitation in a barrel is unchanged, at the moment, the program controls a water pump to carry out water adding operation with a fixed amount, whether the added water amount is deviated from the measured water amount is compared, if the added water amount is consistent with the measured water amount, correction of an algorithm is not carried out, and if the added water amount is deviated, the added water amount is matched through an updating algorithm.
Alternatively, the shell 112 of the rain and snow gauge may be disposed on the weighing platform 111 through a fixing seat, which may be a metal material having a mass greater than a preset percentage of the mass of the shell 112 of the rain and snow gauge, the preset percentage may be fifty percent, one hundred percent, etc., and the metal material may be cast iron.
The rain and snow gauge housing 112 may also be provided with a weather ring, which may be a stainless steel integral weather ring to facilitate field installation. The rain and snow gauge housing 112 may further include a water tank made of high and low temperature resistant PP (polypropylene).
Optionally, the container 11 of the rain and snow scale may further be provided with a liquid level sensor, so that when the full-scale precipitation is reached in the barrel, the accumulated water in the barrel may be automatically drained, and then the anti-freezing liquid and the engine oil are automatically added into the measuring cylinder (i.e., the shell 112 of the rain and snow scale) to start a new measuring cycle.
The measuring range, sensitivity, precision, working environment index and the like of the liquid level sensor can be flexibly selected according to the specific requirements of the rain and snow gauge container 11, for example, the measuring range, sensitivity, precision and working environment index are 0-1000 mm, the sensitivity can be 0.05 mm, the precision can be 0.1% FS, the repeatability is 0.1 mm, and the working environment index is-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ and 0-100% RH.
Specifically, the area of the opening 1121, i.e., the rain receiving opening, at the top end of the rain and snow meter housing 112 may be any other value suitable for the corresponding measuring environment, such as 150 square centimeters, 200 square centimeters, or 300 square centimeters.
Alternatively, the wind speed sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 may be disposed at a position where external environment data can be measured, for example, the wind speed sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 may be disposed on a fixed column outside the rain and snow scale container 11, and meanwhile, other sensors such as a wind direction sensor may be disposed on the fixed column.
The data collector 14 obtains the data of the weight sensor, the wind speed sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 through a collecting circuit. Optionally, the resolution of the data collector 14 may be 10 μ V, the scanning frequency may be 1HZ, the size of the storage space may be 256M, 512M or larger to store 1 minute of rainfall intensity data and 10 minutes of rainfall data for more than 3 years, the working environment index may be-40 ℃ to +60 ℃, 0-100% RH, and may further include a multimode network transmission chip to implement a 4G data transmission function.
In the existing measuring equipment, when the rainfall reaches the full range, the water in the bucket overflows, and the continuous rain and snow amount observation work cannot be carried out, the operation of emptying the bucket and adding the engine oil anti-freezing solution is often carried out manually on site, which not only consumes manpower and financial resources, but also interrupts the measurement, so the rain and snow amount measuring equipment 10 in the embodiment can be further provided with an automatic drainer, namely an inverted siphon type automatic drainer 15, and an automatic anti-freezing solution adding engine oil device, the continuity of the system work can be improved extremely, the manual workload can be reduced, the manpower and the material resources are saved, and the specific principle is as follows:
whether the liquid level reaches the full range is judged through a liquid level sensor at the top of the water tank, such as a laser correlation sensor, and the full range is judged through a data acquisition device 14, a water drainage process is started, a water pump of an inverted siphon type automatic drainer 15 arranged on the side surface of the water tank performs water pumping operation, and the water pumping is stopped when a set low value is reached. The data acquisition unit 14 detects no precipitation event, then controls the liquid adding water pump to add a set amount of antifreeze liquid, and after the program judges that the antifreeze liquid is added, finally the oil pump adds a fixed amount of engine oil to complete the whole drainage and liquid adding work.
In order to measure the influence of different wind speeds on the measurement of the amount of rain and snow by the rain and snow amount measuring device 10 and measure the influence of shielding wind and shielding no wind on the measurement data of the rain and snow amount measuring device 10 under the same weather condition, the rain and snow amount measuring device 10 in the present embodiment may further be provided with a windshield 16, please refer to fig. 2, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a windshield provided in the present embodiment.
The main body of the windshield 16 comprises a cross arm 161, a vertical pipe 162 and baffles 163, and is fixed on a vertical column of the rain and snow gauge container 11, the cross arm 161 is fixed on the vertical column through a threaded connector or other connectors, the bottom end of the vertical pipe 162 is connected with the cross arm 161 through a cross connection structure, the top end of the vertical pipe 162 is connected with an arc iron ring 164 through a pipe cap, the height of the arc iron ring 164 is approximately the same as that of an opening 1121 at the top end of the rain and snow gauge casing 112, each section of the arc iron ring 164 is connected through a connecting sleeve, and the baffles 163 are fixed on the arc iron ring 164, so that the baffles 163 surround a rain bearing port at the top end of the rain and snow gauge casing 112.
Further, in the rain and snow amount measuring device 10 of the present embodiment, the storage battery 171, the solar panel 172, the solar charging controller 173, and the voltage stabilizing module form a power supply system to supply power, and in order to ensure the stability of the power supply system, the data collector 14, the storage battery 171, the solar charging controller 173, and the voltage stabilizing module may be further disposed in the thermal insulation box 174.
An embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring rain and snow amount, which is applied to the device 10 for measuring rain and snow amount, please refer to fig. 3, where fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of the method for measuring rain and snow amount provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the specific steps of the method for measuring rain and snow amount may be as follows:
step S22: and acquiring rain and snow weight data through a weight sensor.
Step S24: and calculating precipitation capture rate based on corresponding ambient temperature data and wind speed data in the collection period of the rain and snow weight data.
Specifically, the wind speed data and the environmental temperature data are substituted into the precipitation capture rate model to calculate the precipitation capture rate.
Before the precipitation capture rate is calculated by using the precipitation capture rate model, the precipitation capture rate model needs to be established, and the specific steps can be as follows:
step S231: a rain and snow meter acquires first weight data acquired under a condition that a windshield blocks an airflow and second weight data acquired under a condition that the windshield does not block the airflow, the first weight data and the second weight data including a plurality of data corresponding to each period.
Step S232: and acquiring the ambient temperature data and the wind speed data of each time interval.
Step S233: and taking the ratio of the first weight data and the second weight data of each time interval as the precipitation capture rate.
Step S234: and constructing a precipitation capture rate model based on the environment temperature data, the wind speed data and the precipitation capture rate of each time period.
The precipitation capture rate model may be:
CE＝(a)e-b(U)+c；
where CE represents precipitation capture rate, TairThe average temperature of each time interval is represented, U represents the average wind speed of each time interval, and a, b and c are parameters which need to be determined based on the environment temperature data, the wind speed data and the precipitation capture rate of each time interval when the precipitation capture rate model is constructed.
Alternatively, each of the above periods may be divided into half an hour, or any other time period.
After parameter calibration is completed on the precipitation capture rate model, the problems of using the same data set to reverse and evaluate the transfer function are solved, and the applicability of the transfer function in the observation field can be tested by adopting a ten-fold cross verification method.
Specifically, for all solid precipitation data, 90% of the data was used to establish the production parameter calibration, and then tests were performed on the remaining 10% of the data to verify applicability. This is repeated in 10 iterations, and the average of the 10 results is used as an estimate of the accuracy of the algorithm, and typically also requires multiple 10-fold cross-validation averaging, e.g., 10-fold cross-validation, with the evaluation results (root mean square error, mean deviation, pearson correlation coefficient, and percentage of events) as the average of all 10 iterations.
Step S26: the rain and snow weight data is compensated based on the precipitation capture rate to obtain a corrected precipitation measurement.
For example, if the weight data of rain and snow collected by the weight sensor before compensation is a and the value of the precipitation capture rate is B, the calculation result of dividing a by B is the corrected precipitation measurement result after compensation.
In order to cooperate with the rain and snow measuring method, the embodiment of the present application further provides a rain and snow measuring device 30.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a device for measuring an amount of rain and snow according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The rain and snow amount measuring device 30 includes:
a weight data acquiring module 31 for acquiring rain and snow weight data through a weight sensor;
the precipitation capture rate calculation module 32 is used for calculating the precipitation capture rate based on the corresponding environmental temperature data and wind speed data in the collection time period of the rain and snow weight data;
and the compensation module 33 is configured to compensate the rain and snow weight data based on the precipitation capture rate to obtain a corrected precipitation measurement result.
Optionally, the precipitation capture rate calculation module 32 is specifically configured to: and substituting the wind speed data and the environmental temperature data into the precipitation capture rate model to calculate the precipitation capture rate.
Optionally, the rain and snow amount measuring device 30 further includes: the model establishing module is used for acquiring first weight data acquired under the condition that the windshield blocks airflow and second weight data acquired under the condition that the windshield does not block airflow, wherein the first weight data and the second weight data comprise a plurality of data corresponding to each time interval; acquiring environmental temperature data and wind speed data of each time period; taking the ratio of the first weight data and the second weight data of each time interval as a precipitation capture rate; and constructing a precipitation capture rate model based on the environment temperature data, the wind speed data and the precipitation capture rate of each time period.
Optionally, the precipitation capture rate model comprises:
CE＝(a)e-b(U)+ c; where CE represents precipitation capture rate, TairThe average temperature of each time interval is represented, U represents the average wind speed of each time interval, and a, b and c are parameters obtained by fitting when a precipitation capture rate model is built.
Optionally, the rain and snow amount measuring device 30 further includes: and the verification module is used for verifying the applicability of the precipitation capture rate model by adopting a ten-fold cross verification method.
The embodiment of the application also provides a storage medium, wherein computer program instructions are stored in the storage medium, and when the computer program instructions are read and run by a processor, the steps in the rain and snow amount measuring method are executed.
In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide a method, an apparatus, a device and a storage medium for measuring rain and snow, where the method includes: acquiring rain and snow weight data through a weight sensor; calculating precipitation capture rate based on corresponding ambient temperature data and wind speed data in the collection period of the rain and snow weight data; compensating the rain and snow weight data based on the precipitation capture rate to obtain a corrected precipitation measurement.
In the implementation mode, after the rain and snow gauge obtains the rain and snow weight data, the precipitation capture rate of the rain and snow gauge is calculated through the wind speed data and the environment temperature data, so that the measurement data of the rain and snow gauge is compensated according to the precipitation capture rate, errors caused by the influence of wind speed on the measurement of the rain and snow gauge are reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the rain and snow gauge is improved.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other manners. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and for example, the block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of devices according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Therefore, the present embodiment further provides a readable storage medium, in which computer program instructions are stored, and when the computer program instructions are read and executed by a processor, the computer program instructions perform the steps of any of the block data storage methods. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a RanDom Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Claims (10)
1. A method of measuring an amount of rain and snow, the method comprising:
acquiring rain and snow weight data by a weight sensor;
calculating precipitation capture rate based on corresponding ambient temperature data and wind speed data in the collection period of the rain and snow weight data;
compensating the rain and snow weight data based on the precipitation capture rate to obtain a corrected precipitation measurement.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating a precipitation capture rate based on corresponding ambient temperature data and wind speed data over a collection period of the rain and snow weight data comprises:
and substituting the wind speed data and the environment temperature data into a precipitation capture rate model to calculate the precipitation capture rate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein prior to said calculating the precipitation capture rate by substituting the wind speed data and the ambient temperature data into a precipitation capture rate model, the method further comprises:
acquiring first weight data acquired by the rain and snow meter under the condition that a windshield blocks airflow and second weight data acquired under the condition that the windshield blocks airflow, wherein the first weight data and the second weight data comprise a plurality of data corresponding to each time period;
acquiring the ambient temperature data and the wind speed data of each time interval;
taking the ratio of the first weight data and the second weight data of each time period as a precipitation capture rate;
and constructing the precipitation capture rate model based on the environment temperature data, the wind speed data and the precipitation capture rate of each time period.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the precipitation capture rate model comprises:
CE＝(a)e-b(U)+c；
where CE represents precipitation capture rate, TairAnd the average temperature of each time interval is represented, U represents the average wind speed of each time interval, and a, b and c are parameters obtained by fitting when the precipitation capture rate model is constructed.
5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein after said building said precipitation capture rate model based on said ambient temperature data, wind speed data and precipitation capture rate for each time period, said method further comprises:
and verifying the applicability of the precipitation capture rate model by adopting a ten-fold cross verification method.
6. A rain and snow quantity measuring apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:
the weight data acquisition module is used for acquiring rain and snow weight data by acquiring the weight sensor;
the rainfall capture rate calculation module is used for calculating the rainfall capture rate based on corresponding environmental temperature data and wind speed data in the collection time period of the rain and snow weight data;
and the compensation module is used for compensating the rain and snow weight data based on the precipitation capture rate so as to obtain a corrected precipitation measurement result.
7. A rain and snow quantity measuring device is characterized by comprising a rain and snow quantity measuring container, an air speed sensor, a temperature sensor and a data acquisition unit, wherein the air speed sensor and the temperature sensor are connected with the data acquisition unit;
the rain and snow gauge container comprises a weighing platform and a rain and snow gauge shell, the rain and snow gauge shell is arranged around the weighing platform, an opening is formed in the top of the rain and snow gauge shell, a weight sensor is arranged in the weighing platform, and the weight sensor is connected with the data acquisition unit;
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring rain and snow weight data through a weight acquisition sensor, environment temperature data acquired through the wind speed sensor and wind speed data acquired through the temperature sensor; calculating precipitation capture rate based on corresponding ambient temperature data and wind speed data in the collection period of the rain and snow weight data; compensating the rain and snow weight data based on the precipitation capture rate to obtain a corrected precipitation measurement.
8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the device further comprises a windshield for blocking an air flow blowing toward the opening of the housing of the rain and snow meter.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the rain and snow gauge container is provided with a back-siphonic automatic drain.
10. A storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions for executing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 when executed by a processor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110930535.9A CN113640900A (en) | 2021-08-13 | 2021-08-13 | Rain and snow measuring method, device, equipment and storage medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110930535.9A CN113640900A (en) | 2021-08-13 | 2021-08-13 | Rain and snow measuring method, device, equipment and storage medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113640900A true CN113640900A (en) | 2021-11-12 |
Family
ID=78421693
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110930535.9A Pending CN113640900A (en) | 2021-08-13 | 2021-08-13 | Rain and snow measuring method, device, equipment and storage medium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113640900A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205263335U (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-05-25 | 青岛鲁海光电科技有限公司 | Control by temperature change type weighing type hyetometer |
| CN106650239A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-10 | 清华大学 | Climate zone-based station rainfall observation error correction method and system |
| CN206609984U (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-11-03 | 华云升达(北京)气象科技有限责任公司 | A kind of Weighing type Rainfall Monitoring device |
| CN207037128U (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-02-23 | 天津华云天仪特种气象探测技术有限公司 | A kind of Weighing type precipitation sensor |
| CN108196318A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Snow depth determines method |
| CN207992479U (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-10-19 | 河海大学 | A kind of snow weighing gauge |
| CN113281754A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-08-20 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | WRF-Hydro key parameter calibration method for quantitatively estimating rainfall by integrating rainfall station with radar |
-
2021
- 2021-08-13 CN CN202110930535.9A patent/CN113640900A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205263335U (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-05-25 | 青岛鲁海光电科技有限公司 | Control by temperature change type weighing type hyetometer |
| CN106650239A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-10 | 清华大学 | Climate zone-based station rainfall observation error correction method and system |
| CN207037128U (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-02-23 | 天津华云天仪特种气象探测技术有限公司 | A kind of Weighing type precipitation sensor |
| CN206609984U (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-11-03 | 华云升达(北京)气象科技有限责任公司 | A kind of Weighing type Rainfall Monitoring device |
| CN108196318A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Snow depth determines method |
| CN207992479U (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-10-19 | 河海大学 | A kind of snow weighing gauge |
| CN113281754A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-08-20 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | WRF-Hydro key parameter calibration method for quantitatively estimating rainfall by integrating rainfall station with radar |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105320596B (en) | A kind of bridge deflection test method and its system based on inclinator | |
| Devine et al. | Field accuracy of Canadian rain measurements | |
| CN103760623A (en) | Fully-automatic water-surface evaporation-capacity monitoring system | |
| Cauteruccio et al. | In-situ precipitation measurements | |
| CN103903661A (en) | After-accident pressurizer water level measurement system and method | |
| CN206609984U (en) | A kind of Weighing type Rainfall Monitoring device | |
| Ren et al. | Errors and correction of precipitation measurements in China | |
| Cui et al. | Bias analysis and correction of ground surface temperature observations across China | |
| CN107727152B (en) | Automatic field soil erosion monitoring device and monitoring method | |
| CN113899344A (en) | Long and large tunnel high-precision settlement monitoring system and method considering temperature effect | |
| CN113640900A (en) | Rain and snow measuring method, device, equipment and storage medium | |
| CN205263335U (en) | Control by temperature change type weighing type hyetometer | |
| CN113096360B (en) | Novel analysis monitoring method for slope fixing monitoring | |
| Arck et al. | A physically based method for correcting temperature data measured by naturally ventilated sensors over snow | |
| CN113983936A (en) | Real-time monitoring device and method for vertical displacement of bridge based on fiber bragg grating displacement meter | |
| Habib et al. | Ground‐based direct measurement | |
| CN108413920B (en) | Micro displacement deformation monitoring system and method based on tension sensor | |
| CN207649664U (en) | The automatic soil erosion monitoring device in field | |
| CN111895980A (en) | Railway control measurement control point device based on Beidou GNSS and control method | |
| Cigada et al. | Thermal characterization of FBG strain gauges for the monitoring of the cupola of Duomo di Milano | |
| CN216081327U (en) | Bridge vertical displacement real-time monitoring device based on fiber grating displacement meter | |
| Wang et al. | Siphon drainage self-compensation rainfall measurement device | |
| Yang et al. | Sea surface temperature data from coastal observation stations: quality control and semidiurnal characteristics | |
| RU2702920C1 (en) | Distance-bearing laser snow rack | |
| CN109633789A (en) | Double Weighing type sleet measuring methods and device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20211112 |