CN113640469A - Experimental test device and method for testing gas leakage and pit formation - Google Patents
Experimental test device and method for testing gas leakage and pit formation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for testing gas leakage and pit formation experiments. A deposition medium is arranged in the deposition chamber, the deposition medium is divided into an upper part and a lower part by sediment deposition, the sediment deposition is used as a closed layer, the part of the deposition medium above the closed layer is a water-containing deposition area, and the part of the deposition medium below the closed layer is a gas-containing deposition area; the experimental test device for testing gas leakage and pit formation provided by the invention can visually describe the geological phenomenon and fluid leakage activity of the deep reservoir at the seabed, and has the characteristics of reliability, observability, economy, easiness in operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine geology and natural gas hydrate detection experiments, in particular to an experimental test device and method for testing gas leakage and pit formation.
Background
Natural gas hydrate is a solid compound with the appearance similar to ice, and is a cage-shaped compound formed by low molecular weight gas (mainly hydrocarbon molecules, such as methane, ethane and the like, and small molecular gas such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and the like) and water molecules under the conditions of low temperature and high pressureA compound of structure (la). Natural gas hydrates formed mainly from methane gas are dominant in nature and are generally called as combustible ice because of their appearance similar to ice. Methane hydrate is mainly stored in submarine deep water land slope environment and land permafrost region. The natural gas hydrate can be released to 164-180 m under the standard state3And methane gas of 0.87m3The water of (2). According to conservative estimation, the content of the natural gas hydrate in nature is 21 multiplied by 10m3This is almost twice the known fossil energy on earth, and is considered an ideal alternative to the fossil energy in the 21 st century.
In the ocean natural gas hydrate stable zone, when the concentration of methane in pore water exceeds the solubility of methane, methane is crystallized to form methane hydrate, and with the increase of the content of the hydrate, a natural gas hydrate layer trapping layer is formed, the permeability of the natural gas hydrate layer trapping layer is poor, and the upward migration of deep gas is hindered, so that a free gas layer is usually developed at the lower part of the natural gas hydrate layer trapping layer. Under certain conditions, the underlying free gas may puncture the seal, pass through the hydrate stability zone, reach the seafloor, and form a breach in the seafloor, forming a seafloor pit. The condition can occur in the damage of a sealing layer caused by the movement of a geological structure, a high-permeability channel is formed, the pressure of a free gas reservoir is released, and the local ultrahigh pressure can be caused by the fact that a large amount of gas is filled into a hydrate underlying gas reservoir due to the damage of a deep free gas reservoir, the pressure of the gas reservoir is greater than the capillary force of the sealing layer, the sealing is invalid, and the gas leaks upwards.
Methane gas leaks are very common in marine hydrate zones. The leakage of free gas under the hydrate layer upwards is common in hydrate development areas. Natural gas leaks can form pits, authigenic carbonates, biocenosis, bubble plumes on the seafloor, such as ruslerian extra-hillock hydrate ridges, blake sea tables, and the like, north congo land slopes, norwegian overseas, and the south-China-poor southeast basin.
The free gas under the natural gas hydrate is sealed by the capillary force of the hydrate layer, the gas pressure of the interface of the hydrate and the free gas is increased along with the gas accumulation and the increase of the gas layer thickness, when the overpressure of the gas exceeds the capillary force, the gas leakage is excited, the overpressure gas pushes pore water to be discharged upwards, pit formation is carried out on the seabed, and the pit depth reflects the breaking strength of the fluid and the overpressure state of the free gas layer. However, the prior art does not have relevant experimental equipment to reflect the depth of the pockmark.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device for testing gas leakage and pit formation experiments, which comprises the phenomena of sealing of a sealing layer and pit formation under a low-permeability condition. The device can visually describe the geological phenomenon and the fluid leakage activity of the deep reservoir at the seabed, and has the characteristics of reliability, observability, economy, easy operation and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a test gas leak and crater formation experimental test apparatus comprising:
the sedimentation chamber is internally provided with a sedimentation medium, the sedimentation medium is divided into an upper part and a lower part by sediment deposition, the sediment deposition is used as a closed layer, the part of the sedimentation medium above the closed layer is a water-containing sedimentation area, and the part of the sedimentation medium below the closed layer is a gas-containing sedimentation area;
the vacuum pumping system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for exhausting air in the deposition chamber;
the water inlet system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for injecting water into the deposition chamber;
the gas inlet system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for injecting gas into the deposition chamber;
the water drainage system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for draining water in the deposition chamber;
the temperature, pressure and flow acquisition system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for acquiring the temperature, the pressure and the fluid flow in the deposition chamber;
the water body disturbance system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for injecting gas into the deposition chamber so as to expose the pit;
and the pit observation system is used for observing the formation of pits and recording the depth of the pits.
Furthermore, the vacuum pumping system mainly comprises a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is connected with a pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve is connected with the deposition chamber.
Furthermore, the water inlet system mainly comprises an injection metering pump, and the injection metering pump is connected with the deposition chamber.
Furthermore, the gas inlet system mainly comprises a gas injection metering pump, and the gas injection metering pump is connected with the deposition chamber.
Further, the pressure control system comprises a methane gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a buffer tank, a constant pressure pump, a pressure gauge and a pressure gauge which are sequentially connected, wherein the pressure gauge is connected with the deposition chamber.
Further, the water body disturbance system comprises a gas injection pump which is connected and arranged in the sidewall of the sedimentation chamber at the interface position of the water body and the sedimentation medium.
Further, the pit observation system comprises an optical observation instrument which is arranged on the side wall of the deposition chamber.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a test method for testing gas leakage and pit formation experiments, the method being performed on the basis of the apparatus as defined above, comprising:
air in the deposition chamber is exhausted by using a vacuum-pumping system;
injecting water into the sedimentation chamber by using a water inlet system, and pressurizing the surface of a water body to ensure that the whole sedimentation body is filled with water and is close to the sedimentation characteristic of the seabed;
injecting gas into the bottom gas-containing deposition area from a gas inlet system, wherein the gas is sealed under the sealing layer to gather into a gas pool after entering the bottom deposition area and occupy the top of the gas deposition area;
along with gas injection, the top pressure of the closed layer is gradually increased, and in the process, pressure sensors are required to record the change of the pressures of different depths of the sediment body, wherein the top of the gas-containing layer is the key point;
the pressure control system is used for controlling the pressure change of the gas reservoir, so that the pressure fluctuation caused by gas leakage is prevented;
the water body disturbance system is transversely arranged on the bottom layer of the water body, when the sealing effect is damaged, the deep gas can leak upwards and finally reaches the bottom of the water body, the surface layer sediment body can be damaged, and the water body disturbance system can carry the corroded sediment to leave the original place so as to expose the pit;
the pit is present in the sediment of the water bottom surface layer, the formation of the pit is directly observed through a pit observation system, and the pit depth is recorded;
the temperature, pressure and flow acquisition system is connected with the computer, and the temperature, pressure and gas flow data of the experiment are observed through the temperature, pressure and flow acquisition system in the whole process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the experimental test device for testing gas leakage and pit formation provided by the invention can visually describe the geological phenomenon and fluid leakage activity of the deep reservoir at the seabed, and has the characteristics of reliability, observability, economy, easiness in operation and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas leakage and pockmark formation experimental test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the deposition chamber;
in the figure: 1. a deposition chamber; 2. a vacuum pumping system; 3. a water intake system; 4. an air intake system; 5. a drainage system; 6. a temperature pressure flow acquisition system; 7. a water body disturbance system; 8. a pit observation system; 9. a pressure control system; 10. a deposition chamber body; 11. a base; 12. a top cover; 101. a sealing layer; 102. an aqueous deposition zone; 103. a vapor-containing deposition zone.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection and signal connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, so to speak, as communicating between the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the experimental testing apparatus for testing gas leakage and pit formation provided in this embodiment mainly includes a deposition chamber 1, a vacuum pumping system 2, a water inlet system 3, a gas inlet system 4, a water discharge system 5, a temperature, pressure and flow rate acquisition system 6, a water disturbance system 7, a pit observation system 8, and a pressure control system 9.
The deposition chamber 1 comprises a deposition chamber body 10, a base 11 and a top cover 12, wherein a deposition medium is arranged in the deposition chamber body 10 and is filled with water or the upper part of the deposition medium is an upper water coating layer; the deposition medium is divided into an upper part and a lower part by sediment deposition, the sediment deposition is used as a closed layer 101, the part of the deposition medium above the closed layer is a water-containing deposition area 102, and the part of the deposition medium below the closed layer is a gas-containing deposition area 103 (used as a gas injection layer); when the gas pressure in the gas injection formation exceeds the capillary force of the containment formation 101, the gas will migrate upward, eventually through the overburden to the water bottom and form a pit in the water bottom.
The gas inlet system 4 mainly comprises a gas injection metering pump, and the gas injection metering pump is connected with an inlet and outlet pipeline of the base 11.
The water inlet system 3 mainly comprises an injection metering pump, and the injection metering pump is connected with an inlet and outlet pipeline of the top cover 12.
The vacuum pumping system 2 mainly comprises a vacuum pump connected with a pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve is connected with an inlet and outlet pipeline of the top cover 12.
The pressure control system 9 mainly comprises a methane gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a buffer tank, a constant pressure pump and a pressure gauge which are connected in sequence, wherein the pressure gauge is connected with an inlet and outlet pipeline of the top cover 12.
The water body disturbance system 5 is characterized in that a gas injection pump is additionally arranged on the side wall of the interface position of the water body and the deposition medium and is connected with the side wall of the deposition chamber 1.
The pit observation system 8 is formed by adding an optical observation instrument on the side wall of the deposition chamber for calculating the pit depth.
The temperature, pressure and flow acquisition system 6 mainly comprises a computer and a data acquisition board, wherein the data acquisition board is connected with a thermometer and a pressure sensor in a pressure chamber.
When the device is used for experimental testing, the specific working process is as follows:
firstly, the air in the deposition chamber 1 is removed by the vacuum-pumping system 2, so that the water body is convenient to inject, and all the deposition space is ensured to be occupied by the water.
Secondly, a water inlet system 3 is used for injecting water into the sedimentation chamber 1, and the whole sedimentation body is filled with water by pressurizing the surface of the water body or waiting for a certain time and is close to the sedimentation characteristic of the seabed.
Thirdly, gas is injected into the bottom deposition zone from the gas inlet system 4, and after entering the bottom deposition zone, the gas is enclosed under the fine particle enclosing layer to gather and accumulate, and because the gas is less dense than water, the gas occupies the top of the gas-containing deposition layer 102.
Fourth, as the gas is injected, the pressure at the top of the gas-containing deposit 102 gradually increases, and during this process, pressure sensors are needed to record the pressure changes at different depths of the deposit, with the emphasis on the top of the gas-containing deposit 102.
Fifthly, controlling the pressure change of the gas reservoir by using a pressure control system to prevent pressure fluctuation caused by gas leakage; in the process, of course, the gas injection occupies the deposition space at the top of the gas-containing deposition layer, and water needs to be drained outwards through a drainage system to maintain the pressure; in addition, when gas leaks, a pressure control system is required to maintain the reservoir pressure stable.
Sixthly, the water body disturbance system 7 is transversely installed on the bottom layer of the water body, after the sealing effect is damaged, deep gas can leak upwards and finally reaches the bottom of the water body, the surface layer sediment body can be damaged, and the water body disturbance system 7 can carry the corroded sediment to leave the original place, so that the pits are exposed, and observation is facilitated.
Seventhly, the pit appears in the underwater surface layer deposition, direct observation is not used, and the pit observation system 8 is an optical observation system arranged on the side wall of the deposition chamber, so that the formation of the pit can be directly observed conveniently and the pit depth can be recorded conveniently;
and eighth, the temperature, pressure and flow acquisition system 6 is connected with a computer, and the temperature, pressure and gas flow data of the experiment are observed through the temperature, pressure and flow acquisition system in the whole process.
Therefore, the experimental testing device for testing gas leakage and pit formation provided by the embodiment can visually describe geological phenomena and fluid leakage activities of the deep reservoir at the seabed, and has the characteristics of reliability, observability, economy, easiness in operation and the like.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. An experimental test device for testing gas leakage and pockmark formation, comprising:
the sedimentation chamber is internally provided with a sedimentation medium, the sedimentation medium is divided into an upper part and a lower part by sediment deposition, the sediment deposition is used as a closed layer, the part of the sedimentation medium above the closed layer is a water-containing sedimentation area, and the part of the sedimentation medium below the closed layer is a gas-containing sedimentation area;
the vacuum pumping system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for exhausting air in the deposition chamber;
the water inlet system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for injecting water into the deposition chamber;
the gas inlet system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for injecting gas into the deposition chamber;
the water drainage system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for draining water in the deposition chamber;
the temperature, pressure and flow acquisition system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for acquiring the temperature, the pressure and the fluid flow in the deposition chamber;
the water body disturbance system is connected with the deposition chamber and is used for injecting gas into the deposition chamber so as to expose the pit;
and the pit observation system is used for observing the formation of pits and recording the depth of the pits.
2. The experimental test apparatus for testing gas leakage and pit formation according to claim 1, wherein said evacuation system comprises a vacuum pump connected to a pressure reducing valve connected to the deposition chamber.
3. The experimental test apparatus for testing gas leakage and crater formation according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet system comprises a substantially single injection metering pump, the injection metering pump being connected to the deposition chamber.
4. The experimental test apparatus for testing gas leakage and crater formation according to claim 1, wherein the gas inlet system comprises a gas injection metering pump connected to the deposition chamber.
5. The experimental testing apparatus for testing gas leakage and pit formation according to claim 1, wherein the pressure control system comprises a methane gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a buffer tank, a constant pressure pump, a pressure gauge and a pressure gauge which are connected in sequence, and the pressure gauge is connected with the deposition chamber.
6. The test gas leak and pockmark formation experimental testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the water body disturbance system includes a gas injection pump connected in a sidewall of the deposition chamber at a location of an interface of the water body and the deposition medium.
7. The test gas leak and crater formation experimental testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the crater observation system comprises an optical viewer disposed at a sidewall of the deposition chamber.
8. A test method for testing gas leakage and crater formation experiments, the method being performed on the basis of the apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
air in the deposition chamber is exhausted by using a vacuum-pumping system;
injecting water into the sedimentation chamber by using a water inlet system, and pressurizing the surface of a water body to ensure that the whole sedimentation body is filled with water and is close to the sedimentation characteristic of the seabed;
injecting gas into the bottom gas-containing deposition area from a gas inlet system, wherein the gas is sealed under the sealing layer to gather into a gas pool after entering the bottom deposition area and occupy the top of the gas-containing deposition area;
along with the gas injection, the top pressure of the gas-containing deposition area gradually rises, and in the process, the pressure sensors are used for recording the pressure changes of different depths of the deposition body, wherein the key point is the top of the gas-containing deposition area;
the pressure control system is used for controlling the pressure change of the gas reservoir, so that the pressure fluctuation caused by gas leakage is prevented;
the water body disturbance system is transversely arranged on the bottom layer of the water body, when the sealing effect is damaged, the deep gas can leak upwards and finally reaches the bottom of the water body, the surface layer sediment body can be damaged, and the water body disturbance system can carry the corroded sediment to leave the original place so as to expose the pit;
the pit is present in the sediment of the water bottom surface layer, the formation of the pit is directly observed through a pit observation system, and the pit depth is recorded;
the temperature, pressure and flow acquisition system is connected with the computer, and the temperature, pressure and gas flow data of the experiment are observed through the temperature, pressure and flow acquisition system in the whole process.
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