CN113639863B - Space broadband ultra-high contrast imaging method and star crown instrument system - Google Patents
Space broadband ultra-high contrast imaging method and star crown instrument system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113639863B CN113639863B CN202110917460.0A CN202110917460A CN113639863B CN 113639863 B CN113639863 B CN 113639863B CN 202110917460 A CN202110917460 A CN 202110917460A CN 113639863 B CN113639863 B CN 113639863B
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000000418 Premature Cardiac Complexes Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001183967 Isodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001266 bandaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0229—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using masks, aperture plates, spatial light modulators or spatial filters, e.g. reflective filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/64—Imaging systems using optical elements for stabilisation of the lateral and angular position of the image
Abstract
The invention discloses a space broadband ultrahigh contrast imaging method and a star crown instrument system. The method adopts a pupil transmittance modulation technology, carries out transmittance variation modulation along the two-dimensional space direction of the pupil, realizes the inhibition of the stars strong light on the axis, adopts a two-dimensional shape modulation method based on bright and dark strips, and obtains the optimal high-contrast imaging by changing the arrangement density distribution of the bright and dark strips and changing the modulation transmittance of the bright and dark strips. The system comprises an analog star light source, a collimating mirror, an aperture diaphragm, a pupil modulation filter, an imaging mirror and a detector. Aiming at the application of the ultra-high contrast imaging star crown instrument in the technical field of broadband imaging, the invention provides and completes a star crown instrument system which is suitable for the observation with the bandwidth exceeding 5 percent and even can cover the full-band. The system can solve the problem of low light transmission efficiency of the conventional star crown instrument.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a space broadband ultra-high contrast imaging method and a star crown instrument system for space broadband ultra-high contrast imaging. The invention relates to the related technical fields of solar external planet direct imaging, external planet detection, external life signal detection science, space astronomy, scientific load, aerospace, aviation, astronomical terminal instruments, optics and the like, in particular to a space star crown instrument system and a method suitable for broadband working wavelength and ultrahigh contrast imaging, and particularly relates to a star crown instrument pupil modulation technology and an implementation method applied to the space external planet direct imaging detection.
Background
The detection and research of the external planet of the solar system have great scientific significance for understanding the life origin and evolution, cognizing the status of human beings in universe and the like. Two astronomists of the solar warrior astronomical station were awarded the 2019 Nobel physical prize for the first time by finding the extra-system planets around the sun-like star.
To date, 4700 multiple extra planets have been found, mostly indirectly detected by the Rabdosia or Doppler method. The high contrast direct imaging technology can distinguish light from stars and planets in physical space, so that extra-train planets can be truly seen, further important physical information such as effective temperature of the planets can be measured, atmospheric components are analyzed, and the like, and the method is a key for confirming extra-train life characteristic signals. The star crown instrument is an important instrument for external planetary high-contrast direct imaging detection, and can effectively inhibit the stars from strong light, so that the planets submerged in the stars strong background light can be directly detected.
At present, the ground-based planetary imaging coronagraph can only work in an infrared band, and the imaging contrast can only reach 10 due to the limitation of the ground atmosphere environment and the limitation of the observation band and the detection capability of the new generation super-adaptive optical technology -6 In order, the detected targets are mostly young and forming planets, the mass ranges from a few to tens of stars, and the system and the planets in the solar system have large differences. The searching of cold planets around the sun-like fixed stars, especially the planets in the living zone, is an important research direction for detecting and confirming the existence of the living earth 2 in the future, and needs to break through the limitations of the existing ground observation band and imaging contrast and develop the ultra-high contrast imaging technology of the space star crown instrument.
The space coronagraph system performs high contrast imaging on the extrasystole, and whether the detection finds the target or the subsequent atmospheric spectrum research is performed, the sufficient image signal-to-noise ratio of the planet needs to be obtained. Accordingly, a star crown instrument is required to have high system light transmission efficiency. The bandwidth of the observation wave band corresponding to the working wavelength is an important technical index for restricting the improvement of the system efficiency of the star crown instrument.
Traditional coronagraph systems are limited by modulation technology modes, and can only realize high-contrast imaging in a narrow observation band and a certain bandwidth range. The limited bandwidth range of the observation band brings two problems: 1) The detection efficiency of the star crown instrument system has certain limitation, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the planetary image obtained in a certain observation time (the space satellite observation time is generally limited by factors such as resources, service life and the like) is not high; 2) The incomplete coverage of the characteristic spectral line is not beneficial to developing subsequent detailed spectral characterization research on the planet atmosphere.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a space broadband ultrahigh contrast imaging method and a star crown instrument system, which are used for solving the problems of narrow working wavelength bandwidth and low system light transmission efficiency of the existing high contrast star crown instrument.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a spatial broadband ultra-high contrast imaging method adopts a pupil transmittance modulation technology, carries out transmittance variation modulation along the two-dimensional spatial direction of a pupil, realizes the inhibition of on-axis fixed bright light, adopts a two-dimensional shape modulation method based on bright and dark strips, and obtains optimal high contrast imaging by changing the arrangement density distribution of the bright and dark strips and changing the modulation transmittance of the bright and dark strips.
Furthermore, by modulating the pupil in a finite band along a specific direction, each band has only two types of transmittance, and only dark bands are processed in the actual development process.
Further, the inter-band transmittance is designed first, and then the spatial arrangement of the bright and dark bands is optimally laid out according to the transmittance.
Further, the modulation effect achieved for all operating wavelengths is the same.
Further, a one-way pupil modulation or a two-way modulation scheme may be employed as desired.
Further, the modulation method specifically includes the following steps:
the first step, determining the pupil modulation band number and the spatial resolution size;
setting optimal contrast according to the established modulation band number and resolution size, and optimizing to obtain a transmittance value corresponding to each transmittance band corresponding to the optimal contrast;
thirdly, designing a layout scheme of the bright and dark strips according to the transmittance value corresponding to each transmittance strip, wherein the layout scheme can be dynamically adjusted according to actual needs;
step four, the designed bright and dark stripe layout scheme is brought into a whole set of high-contrast imaging system, and the subsequent iterative optimization is completed by adjusting the spatial arrangement of the bright and dark stripes;
and fifthly, setting an optimal function and a criterion, dynamically adjusting the spatial arrangement of the bright and dark strips, calculating imaging contrast performance in a specific working area in real time, and judging whether the optimal condition is met.
The star crown system for space broadband ultra-high contrast imaging comprises an analog star light source, a collimating mirror, an aperture diaphragm, a pupil modulation filter, an imaging mirror and a detector, wherein star light from infinity is focused to an incident end of the star crown system through a telescope, the star light is firstly collimated into parallel light through the collimating mirror, the aperture diaphragm limits light passing through a pupil modulator, the modulated star light is finally imaged on a focal plane detector of the star crown system through the imaging mirror, and the pupil modulation filter carries out pupil amplitude modulation by adopting the imaging method.
Furthermore, the working wavelength bandwidth of the star crown instrument system reaches 3% or more, and the contrast ratio is better than 10 -7 The coronagraph system is used for spatial high contrast imaging or extrasystole detection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The modulation scheme with the finite band is adopted, so that the development difficulty of the system is effectively reduced, the processing precision of the modulator is ensured, the development period and the cost are reduced, and ultrahigh contrast imaging is possible.
(2) The system can flexibly adopt a unidirectional pupil modulation or bidirectional modulation scheme, not only can ensure that the system obtains enough light transmittance, but also can realize ultra-high contrast imaging in a larger working area, so that direct imaging detection of the external cooling planet is possible.
(3) Based on the transmittance optimized by pupil modulation, the spatial layout of the bright and dark strips is reversely and iteratively optimized, and the optimal spatial distribution is obtained by combining the actual processing technology and the precision capability through a system closed loop, so that the high-precision development of the modulator is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a coronagraph system in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a spatial configuration of a vertical light and dark stripe two-dimensional shape modulator;
FIG. 3 is a cross light and dark stripe two-dimensional shape modulator spatial configuration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of a bi-directional pupil modulation scheme of a modulation system;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the design and optimization of a two-dimensional shape modulator for light and dark bars.
The marks in the figure: 1. telescope focal plane; 2. simulating a star light source; 3. a collimator lens; 4. an aperture stop; 5. a pupil modulating filter; 6. an imaging mirror; 7. an imaging detector.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention is the achievement of the engineering project of Chinese space station 'the external planetary imaging star crown instrument module of the astronomical telescope system', the national natural science foundation astronomical combination key support project 'the external planetary high contrast imaging key technical research for large-caliber spliced mirror telescope' (U2031210), and the national major scientific research instrument development project 'the external planetary high contrast imaging detection instrument development of the solar system around the dark and weak star' (11827804).
The invention adopts the pupil transmittance modulation technology to carry out the change modulation of the transmittance along the two-dimensional space direction of the pupil of the star crown instrument system so as to realize the inhibition of the strong light of the star on the shaft. Different from the traditional transmittance modulation mode, the invention adopts a unique two-dimensional shape modulation scheme based on the bright and dark stripes, the pupil plane is composed of the bright and dark stripes with limited bands, and the modulation transmittance is changed by changing the arrangement density distribution of the bright and dark stripes so as to meet the final requirement of optimal high-contrast imaging.
According to the invention, the pupil is modulated in a limited band along a specific direction, each band has only two types of transmittance, and only the dark band is processed in the actual development process, so that the development difficulty, period and cost of the modulator can be effectively reduced, and the actual processing precision and imaging contrast actual measurement performance of the modulation sheet are ensured.
The invention designs the inter-band transmittance firstly, and then optimizes the spatial arrangement of the bright and dark strips according to the transmittance so as to achieve the high contrast requirement, effectively improve the speed of closed loop optimization of the system and ensure the final imaging contrast performance of the system.
The traditional pupil modulation changes the energy distribution at the pupil of the star crown system through a coating process, and the high contrast can only optimize the working band with a certain bandwidth. The invention realizes the modulation of light energy by changing the space density distribution of the dark stripes, and can realize the same modulation effect on all working wavelengths. The invention can thoroughly solve the technical problem that the light transmission efficiency of the traditional star crown instrument is limited due to the too narrow observation wave band.
The star crown instrument system based on the space broadband ultrahigh contrast imaging method can select optical elements according to actual needs. The composition and working principle of the star crown instrument system for space broadband ultra-high contrast imaging provided by the embodiment are shown in fig. 1. The star crown system comprises an analog star light source 2 (coinciding with the telescope focal plane 1, wherein the telescope focal plane 1 is the incident end of the star crown system), a collimating lens 3, an aperture diaphragm 4, a pupil modulator 5, an imaging lens 6 and a detector 7. The star light from infinity is focused to the incident end of the star crown system through a telescope, the star light is collimated into parallel light through a collimating lens 3, the light passing through a pupil modulator is limited by an aperture diaphragm 4, and the modulated star light is finally imaged on an imaging detector 7 of the star crown system through an imaging lens 6. The invention is mainly aimed at the star crown instrument with the working wavelength bandwidth reaching 3% and above, and is aimed at contrast ratio better than 10 -7 Is aimed at the star crown for space high contrast imaging, and is aimed at the star crown for extratrain planetary detection.
The system core is a high-precision and high-spatial-resolution bright-dark stripe two-dimensional shape modulator positioned on a star crown instrument pupil plane, and the pupil modulator mainly relates to theoretical optimization design and specific implementation of amplitude modulation at a pupil. The modulator has only two permeabilities of 0 and 1 per band, where the strongest permeabilities are normalized to 1. The bright wisp is light-transmitting and corresponds to the transmittance of 1; the dark bars are not light-transmitting, and the corresponding transmittance is 0. The high-precision processing of the system can be realized through a high-precision photoetching technology process. The pupil modulator can flexibly adopt a unidirectional pupil modulation or bidirectional modulation scheme, so that the system can obtain enough light transmittance, and ultrahigh contrast imaging can be realized in a larger working area. By modulating and redistributing the energy of the fixed light at the pupil, the energy distribution of the point spread function image positioned on the focal plane system can be changed, so that high-contrast imaging is obtained in a specific working area, and direct imaging detection of the extra-system planets is realized.
The modulator needs to optimally design the radial transmittance, design the distribution of two-dimensional strips according to the transmittance obtained by optimization, and obtain the optimal space arrangement scheme of the bright and dark strips through multiple iterations of a system high-contrast imaging closed loop. The design reduces the difficulty of system development and effectively ensures the processing precision of the modulator; the system can adopt a unidirectional pupil modulation or a bidirectional modulation scheme to realize ultra-high contrast imaging in a specific working area, so that direct imaging detection of external cooling planets is possible.
Fig. 2 and 3 illustrate spatial configurations of two-dimensional modulators based on unidirectional bright and dark stripes, showing spatial distribution of a modulation system unidirectional pupil modulation scheme, on which the modulation system is composed of modulation bands with hundreds of light and dark stripes alternately, and the arrangement changes along the transverse direction or the vertical direction. The realization is that a light-blocking film is arranged at each dark strip through a high-precision photoetching technology process, and the corresponding transmittance is 0; the corresponding bright strip is not treated and corresponds to the transmittance 1. To further improve imaging contrast, the lateral and vertical modulation schemes of fig. 4 may be employed. Fig. 4 shows the spatial distribution of the bi-directional pupil modulation scheme of the modulation system, fig. 4 being a combination of the vertical modulation slices of fig. 2 and the lateral modulation slices of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 depicts the design steps and optimization flow for a bright-dark stripe two-dimensional shape modulator for a broadband operating band. The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the number of bands of a pupil modulator and the spatial resolution size according to conditions such as high contrast imaging requirements of a system, overall envelope size constraint and the like;
setting optimal contrast according to the established modulation band number and resolution size, and optimizing to obtain a transmittance value of each band corresponding to the optimal contrast;
thirdly, designing a layout scheme of bright and dark strips according to the transmittance value corresponding to each transmittance strip, wherein the scheme can be dynamically adjusted according to actual needs, for example, each modulation strip consists of N bright and dark strips, wherein M strips are bright strips, and the transmittance corresponds to M/N;
step four, the designed bright and dark stripe layout scheme is brought into a whole set of high-contrast imaging system, and the subsequent iterative optimization is completed by adjusting the spatial arrangement of the bright and dark stripes;
fifthly, setting an optimal function and a criterion, dynamically adjusting the spatial arrangement of bright and dark strips, calculating imaging contrast performance in a specific working area in real time, and judging whether the optimal criterion is met; and then iterating circularly until the imaging contrast requirement is met.
In summary, the invention provides and completes a star crown instrument system which is applicable to the star crown instrument with the bandwidth exceeding 5% and even can cover full-band observation aiming at the application of the ultra-high contrast imaging star crown instrument in the technical field of broadband imaging. The system can solve the problem of low light transmission efficiency of the conventional star crown instrument.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The spatial broadband ultrahigh contrast imaging method is characterized in that a pupil transmittance modulation technology is adopted, transmittance change modulation is carried out along the two-dimensional spatial direction of a pupil, inhibition of on-axis sidereal glare is realized, a two-dimensional shape modulation method based on bright and dark strips is adopted, a pupil plane is formed by the bright and dark strips of a finite band, the arrangement changes along the transverse direction and the vertical direction, a light-blocking film is arranged at each dark strip, the corresponding transmittance is 0, the corresponding bright strip is not processed, the corresponding transmittance is 1, and the modulation transmittance is changed by changing the arrangement density distribution of the bright and dark strips, so that the optimal high contrast imaging is obtained; the modulation method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step, determining the pupil modulation band number and the spatial resolution size;
setting optimal contrast according to the established modulation band number and resolution size, and optimizing to obtain a transmittance value corresponding to each transmittance band corresponding to the optimal contrast;
thirdly, designing a layout scheme of the bright and dark strips according to the transmittance value corresponding to each transmittance strip, wherein the layout scheme is dynamically adjusted according to actual needs;
step four, the designed bright and dark stripe layout scheme is brought into a whole set of high-contrast imaging system, and the subsequent iterative optimization is completed by adjusting the spatial arrangement of the bright and dark stripes;
and fifthly, setting an optimal function and a criterion, dynamically adjusting the spatial arrangement of the bright and dark strips, calculating imaging contrast performance in a specific working area in real time, and judging whether the optimal condition is met.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein only two types of transmittance are provided for each band by finite band modulation of the pupil in a specific direction, and only dark bands are processed during actual development.
3. The spatial broadband ultra-high contrast imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the inter-band transmittance is designed first, and then the spatial arrangement of the bright and dark stripes is optimized according to the transmittance.
4. A method of spatial broadband ultra-high contrast imaging according to claim 1, wherein the modulation effect achieved for all operating wavelengths is the same.
5. A method of spatial broadband ultra high contrast imaging according to claim 1, wherein either a unidirectional pupil modulation or a bi-directional modulation scheme is employed as desired.
6. The star crown system for space broadband ultra-high contrast imaging is characterized by comprising an analog star light source, a collimating mirror, an aperture diaphragm, a pupil modulation filter, an imaging mirror and a detector, wherein star light from infinity is focused to an incident end of the star crown system through a telescope, the star light is firstly collimated into parallel light through the collimating mirror, the aperture diaphragm limits light passing through a pupil modulator, the modulated star light is finally imaged on the focal plane detector of the star crown system through the imaging mirror, and the pupil modulation filter carries out pupil amplitude modulation by adopting the imaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the operating wavelength bandwidth of the system is 3% or more, and the contrast is better than 10 -7 The coronagraph system is used for spatial high contrast imaging or extrasystole detection.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5481393A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1996-01-02 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Pupil modulation optical system |
| WO2005001445A2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2005-01-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Systems and methods for phase measurements |
| CN105318972A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-02-10 | 南京理工大学 | Anti-blinding uncooled infrared thermal imager based on liquid crystal light valve |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5481393A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1996-01-02 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Pupil modulation optical system |
| WO2005001445A2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2005-01-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Systems and methods for phase measurements |
| CN105318972A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-02-10 | 南京理工大学 | Anti-blinding uncooled infrared thermal imager based on liquid crystal light valve |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| "白天天体光谱偏振成像技术及实验研究";孙晓兵 等;《大气与环境光学学报》;第2卷(第6期);第499-503页 * |
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