CN113639845A - Optical fiber vibration sensor, system and method - Google Patents
Optical fiber vibration sensor, system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113639845A CN113639845A CN202110804180.9A CN202110804180A CN113639845A CN 113639845 A CN113639845 A CN 113639845A CN 202110804180 A CN202110804180 A CN 202110804180A CN 113639845 A CN113639845 A CN 113639845A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
- G01H9/006—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors the vibrations causing a variation in the relative position of the end of a fibre and another element
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber vibration sensor, a system and a method, wherein the optical fiber vibration sensor comprises: the elastic sheet is provided with a first connecting part, a second connecting part and a third connecting part, and the second connecting part is positioned between the first connecting part and the third connecting part; the first fixing device is used for fixing the elastic sheet at the first connecting part; the second fixing device is used for adjusting the second fixing device to be positioned at different positions in the length direction of the elastic sheet; the initial balancing weight is fixed on the third connecting part of the elastic sheet; the sensing optical fiber is provided with a first fixed joint fixedly connected with the first fixing device and a second fixed joint fixedly connected with the initial balancing weight; the sensing optical fiber can synchronously vibrate up and down along with the initial balancing weight at the second fixing point. The optical fiber vibration sensor can realize flexible tuning of response frequency bandwidth, resonant frequency and sensitivity of the vibration sensor, and further can meet different monitoring requirements of various structures or equipment through a single set of sensor system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber vibration sensor device with tunable sensitivity and response frequency, which is used for distributed long-term real-time online monitoring of vibration of various industrial equipment and engineering structures, and can realize that a single set of equipment can meet or be suitable for vibration monitoring under different engineering application environments through tuning of the sensitivity and the response frequency.
Background
Vibration monitoring of various industrial equipment and engineering structures in a complex environment is easily affected by environment, noise, characteristic frequency and the like, so that the requirements for parameters of the monitoring sensor are different, and a single type of sensor is difficult to meet or adapt to different engineering or working condition requirements. The traditional electric sensor represented by a piezoelectric acceleration sensor in the existing sensor has the characteristics of wide measuring frequency band and large sensitivity range; however, a large number of researches and engineering practices prove that the traditional electric sensor has poor viability, stability, durability and interference resistance in electromagnetic and humid complex environments and can not meet the engineering requirements of long-term monitoring of the structure. In recent years, a new optical fiber acceleration sensing technology represented by an optical fiber grating is rapidly developed, and although the optical fiber acceleration sensing technology can overcome the defects of an electric sensor, the optical fiber acceleration sensing technology has strong anti-interference capability and can be used for other severe conditions such as high voltage, corrosion and the like; however, at present, various optical fiber sensors have fixed sensitivity, narrow response frequency and higher cost, so that the functions are limited, the applicability is poor, and the requirements of different industrial or engineering applications are difficult to meet or adapt to at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber vibration sensor, a system and a method with tunable sensitivity and response frequency, which can realize flexible tuning of the measurement frequency bandwidth and sensitivity of the sensor, and have the advantages of wide application field range, strong engineering applicability, distributability, good durability and weather resistance, high stability, repeatability and sensitivity, wide measurement spectrum, simple system structure and low cost.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a fiber optic vibration sensor, comprising:
the elastic sheet is provided with a first connecting part, a second connecting part and a third connecting part, and the second connecting part is positioned between the first connecting part and the third connecting part;
the first fixing device is used for fixing the elastic sheet at the first connecting part;
the second fixing device is used for fixing the elastic sheet on the second connecting part; the second fixing device is an adjustable fixing device and is used for adjusting the second fixing device to be located at different positions in the length direction of the elastic sheet;
the initial balancing weight is fixed on the third connecting part of the elastic sheet;
the sensing optical fiber is provided with a first fixed joint fixedly connected with the first fixing device and a second fixed joint fixedly connected with the initial balancing weight; the sensing optical fiber can synchronously vibrate up and down along with the initial balancing weight at the second fixing point.
The first fixing device comprises an elastic piece placing block and an elastic piece pressing block, and the first connecting portion of the elastic piece is located between the elastic piece placing block and the elastic piece pressing block.
The upper surface of the elastic sheet placing block is provided with a limiting clamping groove; the elastic sheet is positioned in the clamping groove.
The second fixture includes a tuning slider and a sliding clamping nut.
The tuning sliding block comprises a middle beam and a bottom beam, and the sliding clamping nut is arranged between the middle beam and the bottom beam; the elastic sheet is positioned between the center sill and the sliding clamping nut and is fixed on the lower surface of the center sill by the sliding clamping nut.
The third connecting portion still be provided with variable balancing weight series, variable balancing weight series connection is at the lower extreme of counter weight nut, and the counter weight of variable balancing weight series increases according to sensitivity, response bandwidth's demand.
The elastic sheet, the first fixing device, the second fixing device and the initial balancing weight are all arranged inside a packaging shell; the packaging shell is provided with a hole for the sensing optical fiber to penetrate in and out, and the sensing optical fiber is fixedly connected with the initial balancing weight and the first fixing device in the packaging shell through the penetrating hole and the penetrating hole.
The sensing optical fiber is bonded with the initial balancing weight and the first fixing device by high-strength structural adhesive.
An optical fiber vibration sensing system is characterized in that the optical fiber vibration sensor is adopted.
The optical fiber vibration sensing method is characterized in that the optical fiber vibration sensor is adopted to obtain vibration signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the optical fiber vibration sensor is used for realizing that a single set of equipment can adapt to or be used for vibration monitoring under different engineering application environments, can realize flexible tuning of response frequency bandwidth, resonant frequency and sensitivity of the vibration sensor through the vibration length variable elastic sheet design and the variable counterweight structure based on the movable sliding block, further can meet different monitoring requirements of various structures or equipment through a single set of sensor system, and further can be suitable for the wide engineering field.
The sensing optical fiber used by the optical fiber sensor is in a structure of single-mode optical fiber-thermal beam expansion gradient refractive index multimode optical fiber-single-mode optical fiber. The sensor has the advantages of being capable of achieving flexible tuning of the measurement frequency bandwidth and the sensitivity of the sensor, wide in application field range, strong in engineering applicability, and meanwhile, the sensor has the characteristics of being distributable, good in durability and weather resistance, high in stability, repeatability and sensitivity, wide in measurement frequency spectrum, simple in system structure, low in cost, wide in application range and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system connection diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tunable vibration sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of one sensing principle of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure for tuning response frequency and sensitivity through the adjustable elastic sheet 9 according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure for tuning response frequency and sensitivity by different counterweight masses according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the experimental results of tuning the response frequency by the adjustable dome 9.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the results of an experiment in which the response frequency was tuned by different counterweight masses.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the experimental results of tuning the sensitivity in a partial frequency band by the adjustable spring plate 9.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing experimental results of sensitivity tuning in a partial frequency band by different weight masses.
Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a multiple channel-embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
Embodiments of the present system are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-5.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber vibration sensing system includes a laser diode 1, a vibration sensor 2, a photodetector 3, a data acquisition card 4, a signal analysis processing portion 5 and a computer 6. The connection relation of each part is as follows: the output end of the laser diode 1 is connected with the input end of the vibration sensor 2, and the output end of the optical fiber vibration sensor 2 is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector 3; the three devices are connected in series to form a vibration signal sensing detection channel, and the output end of the photoelectric detector 3 is sequentially connected in series with a multi-channel data acquisition card 4, a signal analysis and processing system 5 and a computer 6 for display. The laser diode 1 emits light and enters the vibration sensor 2, and self-focusing in the thermal beam expanding gradient refractive index multimode fiber is damaged, so that optical signals in various propagation modes are generated, and the various modes are interfered with each other due to different optical path differences; when a vibration signal acts on the optical fiber vibration sensor 2, the vibration causes the multi-mode optical fiber to bend, so that the interference state is changed, and when the vibration signal is output from the vibration sensor 2, the change of the optical signal intensity corresponds to the vibration frequency; then the optical signal enters the photoelectric detector 3, the electric signal output by the optical signal after passing through the photoelectric detector 3 is collected by the multi-channel data acquisition card 4, and then the signal is analyzed by the signal analysis processing part 5 to obtain the real-time change of the vibration signal contained in the electric signal, and then the real-time change is displayed by the computer 6.
The laser diode 1 adopts a coaxial non-isolated FP cavity laser diode; the photoelectric detector 3 adopts an indium gallium arsenic PIN photoelectric detector.
The structure of the optical fiber vibration sensor is shown in fig. 2, and comprises:
the piece 8 is placed to the shell fragment, and the upper surface is opened there is spacing draw-in groove.
One side of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 is arranged on the limiting clamping groove of the elastic sheet placing block 8; the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 can be made of beryllium bronze, 65-grade manganese steel and 42-grade manganese steel so as to meet the requirements of different sensitivity.
The elastic piece pressing block 10 is used for tightly pressing the length-adjustable elastic piece 9 in the limiting clamping groove of the elastic piece placing block 8, so that the length-adjustable elastic piece 9 and the elastic piece pressing block 10 form a first fixed point;
the initial balancing weight 11 is arranged on the other side of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 and is connected with the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 through a balancing weight nut 12;
the variable balancing weight series 13 is connected to the lower end of the balancing nut 12, is variable in matching and is increased according to the requirements of sensitivity and response frequency bandwidth;
the tuning slide block 15 is arranged between the two connecting parts of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9, the elastic sheet placing block 8 and the initial balancing weight 11, and is provided with a horizontal sliding section for forming a second fixed point on the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9.
And the sensing optical fiber 14 is provided with a first fixed joint fixedly connected with the upper end of the spring pressing block 10 and a second fixed joint fixedly connected with the upper end of the initial balancing weight 11. The sensing fiber 14 may vibrate synchronously with the initial weight 11 at a second fixed point with the upper end of the initial weight 11.
The counterweight part consists of an initial counterweight block, a counterweight nut and a variable counterweight block series; the initial balancing weight is connected with the length-adjustable elastic sheet through the balance weight nut, a certain length is reserved below the length-adjustable elastic sheet through the balance weight nut and used for increasing or reducing the number of the balancing weights, and in the tuning process of the sensor, the weight of the balancing weight at the vibration end can be changed to achieve tuning of sensitivity, response frequency and characteristic frequency.
The sensing fiber is formed by welding a single-mode fiber, a heat beam expanding gradient index multimode fiber and a single-mode fiber, wherein the sensing fiber can be, but is not limited to, various core diameter mismatched sensing fiber structures such as a heat beam expanding gradient index multimode fiber, a multi-clad fiber, a coreless fiber, a hollow-core fiber, a step multimode fiber, a few-mode fiber, a tapered fiber, a multi-core fiber, a photonic crystal fiber, a tapered fiber and the like.
The tuning slider 15 comprises a centre sill and a bottom sill between which a sliding clamping nut 16 is connected. The length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 is positioned between the center sill and the sliding clamping nut 16 and is fixed on the lower surface of the center sill by the sliding clamping nut 16.
The elastic piece placing block 8, the length-adjustable elastic piece 9, the elastic piece pressing block 10, the initial balancing weight 11, the balancing weight nut 12, the variable balancing weight series 13 and the tuning sliding block 15 are all installed inside the packaging shell 7. The packaging shell 7 is provided with a hole for the penetration and the penetration of the sensing optical fiber 14, and the sensing optical fiber 14 is fixedly connected with the initial balancing weight 11 and the spring pressing block 10 in the packaging shell 7 through the hole for the penetration and the penetration. The sensing optical fiber 14 which is well welded penetrates through round holes on the left side and the right side of the packaging shell 7 and is placed on the elastic piece pressing block 10 and the initial balancing weight 11 and is bonded by high-strength structural adhesive.
The bottom of the packaging shell 7 is provided with a sliding groove, and a sliding clamping nut 16 sequentially penetrates through the sliding groove at the bottom of the sensor packaging shell 7, the bottom beam of the tuning slide block 15 and the middle notch of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 to be connected with the middle beam of the tuning slide block 15. When the sliding clamping nut 16 is rotated anticlockwise, the clamping effect of the tuning slider 15 and the sliding clamping nut 16 on the adjustable elastic sheet 9 is weakened, and the sliding clamping nut 16 can move back and forth along the groove at the bottom of the packaging shell 7; the side of the groove is engraved with a response frequency, and when the sliding clamping nut 16 drives the tuning slider 15 to move to the required response frequency, the sliding clamping nut 16 is rotated clockwise until the sliding clamping nut cannot rotate, and then measurement can be carried out.
The inside (left side) of the packaging shell 7 is connected with an elastic sheet placing block 8; the upper surface of the elastic piece placing block 8 is provided with a limiting clamping groove, the length-adjustable elastic piece 9 is placed on the limiting clamping groove of the elastic piece placing block 8, and the action is that when the vibration reaches the characteristic frequency, the vibration direction of the adjustable elastic piece 9 does not vibrate up and down fixedly, and the adjustable elastic piece 9 can be locked in the groove by the limiting clamping groove and does not slide; then, the elastic piece pressing block 10 is used for pressing the length-adjustable elastic piece 9, and the three parts are respectively provided with holes and connected through screws; the elastic piece pressing block 10 is used for fixing the adjustable elastic piece 9 in length so that the adjustable elastic piece can have a good coupling effect with the sensing wrapper box 7; an initial balancing weight 11 is placed at an opening on the right side of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 and is connected with a balancing weight nut 12, and a reserved part of the balancing weight nut 12 can be added with a variable balancing weight series 13 according to the sensitivity and the requirement of response frequency bandwidth; the middle beam of the tuning slide block 15 is abutted against the upper surface of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9, a sliding clamping nut 16 sequentially penetrates through a sliding groove at the bottom of the sensor packaging shell 7, the bottom beam of the tuning slide block 15 and a middle notch of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 and is connected with the middle beam of the tuning slide block 15; when the sliding clamping nut 16 is rotated anticlockwise, the clamping effect of the tuning slider 15 and the sliding clamping nut 16 on the adjustable elastic sheet 9 is weakened, and the sliding clamping nut 16 can move back and forth along the groove at the bottom of the packaging shell 7; the side of the groove is engraved with a response frequency, and when the sliding clamping nut 16 drives the tuning slider 15 to move to the required response frequency, the sliding clamping nut 16 is rotated clockwise until the sliding clamping nut cannot rotate, and then measurement can be carried out. The sensing optical fiber 14 which is well welded penetrates through round holes on the left side and the right side of the packaging shell 7 and is placed on the elastic piece pressing block 10 and the initial balancing weight 11 and is bonded by high-strength structural adhesive.
The vibration sensing principle is as shown in the structure of fig. 3, the left side and the right side of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 are respectively provided with a hole, the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 is placed on the limiting clamping groove of the elastic sheet placing block 8, and the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 is tightly pressed by the elastic sheet pressing block 10, so that a fixed end can be formed; placing an initial balancing weight 11 at the opening on the right side of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 and connecting the initial balancing weight with a balancing weight nut 12; the sensing optical fiber 14 which is well welded is placed on the spring plate pressing block 10 and the initial balancing weight 11 and is bonded by high-strength structural adhesive.
When the vibration signal acts on the sensor, the counterweight end drives the sensing optical fiber 14 to deform; the optical signal inside the sensing optical fiber 14 can change along with the change of the vibration intensity and the frequency, the electric signal output by the changed optical signal after passing through the indium gallium arsenic PIN photoelectric detector 3 can also change in real time, and the electric signal is collected and analyzed through the multi-channel data collection module 4 and the signal analysis processing system 5, so that the external vibration information can be obtained.
The principle of sensitivity and response frequency tunable through different counterweight masses is as shown in the structure of fig. 4, an initial counterweight 11 is placed at the opening on the right side of a length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 and connected by a counterweight nut 12, a reserved part of the counterweight nut 12 can be used for designing variable counterweight series 13 of different types through simulation calculation according to the sensitivity, and the quantity of the variable counterweight series 13 is changed according to the requirements of response frequency bandwidth and sensitivity.
The principle of sensitivity and response frequency tuning by the adjustable elastic sheet 9 is shown in the structure of fig. 5, on the basis of the structure shown in fig. 3, a tuning slider 15 and a sliding clamping nut 16 are added, and the middle part of the length adjustable elastic sheet 9 is provided with a groove. When the position of the sliding clamping nut 16 is changed, the sliding clamping nut 16 is screwed clockwise, the tuning slider 15 and the sliding clamping nut 16 clamp and fix the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9, that is, the position of the fixed end is changed, so that the length of the vibration part of the length-adjustable elastic sheet 9 is changed, and then the sensitivity, the response frequency and the characteristic frequency are changed.
The performance of the sensor was tested after implementing the tuning structure design, and the test results are shown in fig. 6-9. The vibration sensor system is loaded on a vibration table for experiments, calibration experiments are carried out on the conditions that the length is 0.6cm, 0.8cm, 1.0cm, 1.2cm and 1.5cm (weight mass is 8.5 g), the mass is 3.5g, 8.5g and 9.5g (length is 1.0cm) and the acceleration is 0.2g, and after experimental data are analyzed and counted, images of a length-response frequency spectrum and a mass-response frequency spectrum are obtained, as shown in fig. 6 and 7; length-sensitivity and mass-sensitivity images, as shown in fig. 8 and 9. The experimental results show that: when the lengths of the elastic pieces are respectively 0.6cm, 0.8cm, 1.0cm, 1.2cm and 1.5cm (the weight mass is 8.5 g), the response frequencies are respectively 10-1000Hz, 10-1850Hz, 10-1500Hz and 10-2000Hz, and the sensitivity is sequentially increased in the interval of 500-1000 Hz; when the weight is 3.5g, 8.0g, 9.5g (length 1.0cm), the response frequency is 10-2700Hz, 10-2000Hz, 10-1500Hz, the sensitivity increases in the interval of 400-1200 Hz; therefore, the length of the vibration part of the elastic sheet of the sensor can be changed through the tuning sliding block 15 and the sliding clamping nut 16, and the response frequency, the characteristic frequency and the vibration sensing sensitivity of the sensor can be effectively tuned and changed through changing the mass of the balancing weight at the vibration end.
A multi-channel-implementation: the following describes a multi-channel distributed multi-drop implementation of the system with reference to fig. 10. Each group of coaxial non-isolated FP cavity laser diode 1, the optical fiber vibration sensor 2 and the InGaAs PIN photoelectric detector 3 are connected in series to form a sensing channel, the multiple sensing channels can work in parallel, different sensing channels are respectively connected with different signal acquisition ends of the multi-channel data acquisition card module 4 by utilizing the synchronous acquisition capacity of multiple channels of signals of the multi-channel data acquisition card module 4, and after the photoelectric signals of different channels are synchronously acquired by the multi-channel data acquisition card, the signals are analyzed in real time, so that the distributed multi-point real-time monitoring can be realized.
Claims (10)
1. A fiber optic vibration sensor, comprising:
the elastic sheet is provided with a first connecting part, a second connecting part and a third connecting part, and the second connecting part is positioned between the first connecting part and the third connecting part;
the first fixing device is used for fixing the elastic sheet at the first connecting part;
the second fixing device is used for fixing the elastic sheet on the second connecting part; the second fixing device is an adjustable fixing device and is used for adjusting the second fixing device to be located at different positions in the length direction of the elastic sheet;
the initial balancing weight is fixed on the third connecting part of the elastic sheet;
the sensing optical fiber is provided with a first fixed joint fixedly connected with the first fixing device and a second fixed joint fixedly connected with the initial balancing weight; the sensing optical fiber can synchronously vibrate up and down along with the initial balancing weight at the second fixing point.
2. The optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first fixing means includes a spring piece placing block and a spring piece pressing block, and the first connecting portion of the spring piece is located between the spring piece placing block and the spring piece pressing block.
3. The optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 2, wherein a limiting slot is formed on the upper surface of the spring plate placing block; the elastic sheet is positioned in the clamping groove.
4. The fiber optic vibration sensor of claim 1, wherein the second fixture includes a tuning slider and a sliding clamping nut.
5. The fiber optic vibration sensor of claim 4, wherein the tuning slider includes a center beam and a bottom beam between which the slip clamp nut is disposed; the elastic sheet is positioned between the center sill and the sliding clamping nut and is fixed on the lower surface of the center sill by the sliding clamping nut.
6. The optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 1, wherein a variable weight series is further provided at the third connecting portion, the variable weight series is connected to a lower end of the weight nut, and a weight of the variable weight series is increased according to a demand for sensitivity and a response bandwidth.
7. The optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 1, wherein the resilient piece, the first fixing device, the second fixing device and the initial weight block are all mounted inside a package housing; the packaging shell is provided with a hole for the sensing optical fiber to penetrate in and out, and the sensing optical fiber is fixedly connected with the initial balancing weight and the first fixing device in the packaging shell through the penetrating hole and the penetrating hole.
8. The optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 7, wherein the sensing optical fiber is fixed to the initial weight block and the first fixing means by bonding with a high strength structural adhesive.
9. An optical fibre vibration sensing system, characterised in that an optical fibre vibration sensor according to any of claims 1-8 is used.
10. A method of optical fibre vibration sensing, characterised by obtaining a vibration signal using an optical fibre vibration sensor as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8.
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