CN113637858A - TiAl-based alloy based on two-step composite smelting process and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
TiAl-based alloy based on two-step composite smelting process and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a TiAl-based alloy based on a two-step composite smelting process and a preparation method thereof, and the TiAl-based alloy is formed by a vacuum consumable arc melting (VAR) method and a crucible type Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) method. Preparing a primary ingot by using VAR, and then carrying out secondary smelting in a crucible type vacuum induction furnace to finally obtain a high-quality TiAl-based alloy ingot. The two smelting methods are combined, so that the problems of uneven ingot casting components, structure segregation and the like caused by a VAR method are avoided; instantaneous overheating caused by the exothermic reaction between titanium and aluminum in the crucible type VIM method is avoided, and the instantaneous overheating can cause adverse reaction of the alloy melt and the refractory material. The two-step smelting method combining VAR and VIM integrates the advantages of the VAR and the VIM, and avoids the defects of the VAR and the VIM skillfully, so that the process is short in process flow, free of repeated remelting and energy-saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy-saving and efficient preparation method of a TiAl-based alloy, belonging to the technical field of non-ferrous metal titanium alloy materials.
Background
The TiAl-based alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high temperature resistance, good oxidation resistance and creep resistance, and the like, so that the TiAl-based alloy becomes one of the most potential high-temperature structural materials in the fields of modern aerospace, transportation and the like. In recent years, various high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption TiAl-based alloy preparation processes are actively researched and developed in various countries in the world, and the TiAl-based alloy preparation processes are used as an initial link for processing TiAl-based alloy sections, and whether the smelting process is reasonable or not plays an important role in the comprehensive mechanical properties of materials, so that the research significance is great.
However, the fusion casting method of TiAl-based alloys is severely limited due to the chemical activity of titanium. At present, the smelting method of TiAl-based alloy is mainly VAR except non-consumable arc smelting, VIM, electron beam and plasma cold hearth smelting, electroslag smelting and induction slag smelting. The VAR technology has the advantages of lower equipment investment and operation cost; the operation technology is simple, and the smelting speed is high; can produce large cast ingots and can meet the requirements of general industry; can remove hydrogen and other gases and reduce the content of high-steam trace elements.
However, the VAR technology has some defects, such as the macro and micro segregation still occurs when the TiAl-based alloy with more segregation-prone alloy elements is smelted; the uniformity of chemical components is poor, and tissue defects are easy to generate; manufacturing the electrodes, crushing the material increases the cost, etc. In addition, the process is difficult to recycle waste materials, and the produced ingot has high inclusion frequency, thereby limiting the application of the process in smelting high-quality alloy.
In contrast, in the crucible type VIM technology, the chemical components of the alloy are uniform due to electromagnetic stirring, an ingot with a uniform structure can be obtained by one-time melting, and the cost is low due to the excellent heat preservation effect of the ceramic crucible. However, the inherent disadvantage is that the alloy melt is easily contaminated after contacting the ceramic crucible at high temperature due to the high reactivity of the TiAl-based alloy. And the higher the temperature is, the more serious the dissolution of the TiAl-based alloy melt into the ceramic crucible is.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a TiAl-based alloy based on a two-step composite smelting process and a preparation method thereof. The two-step smelting process is adopted, and the VAR technology is firstly used for preparing a primary ingot so as to eliminate the harm caused by the instantaneous high temperature in the ceramic crucible due to the exothermic reaction between Ti and Al in the raw materials. And then carrying out secondary remelting on the primary ingot by using a crucible type VIM (vacuum melting furnace), and finally obtaining a high-quality ingot with uniform components and tissues. The method is energy-saving and efficient, and is suitable for industrial mass production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a TiAl-based alloy preparation method based on a two-step composite smelting process comprises the steps of utilizing a vacuum consumable arc smelting (VAR) method and a crucible type vacuum induction smelting (VIM) method to form the two-step composite smelting process, preparing a primary ingot by using the vacuum consumable arc smelting method, and then carrying out secondary smelting in a crucible type vacuum induction furnace to finally obtain a TiAl-based alloy ingot.
Preferably, the method for preparing a TiAl-based alloy based on a two-step composite melting process according to claim 1 of the present invention includes the steps of:
a. preparation of a consumable electrode:
selecting scrap-shaped, granular or block-shaped raw materials, drying the raw materials, putting the dried raw materials into a mould according to the proportion for preparing the TiAl-based alloy, pressing the raw materials into an electrode block, and welding the pressed electrode block into a consumable electrode for later use;
b. vacuum consumable arc melting:
b, carrying out primary smelting on the consumable electrode prepared in the step a in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, and cooling an alloy melt to obtain a primary ingot;
c. crucible type vacuum induction melting:
and c, pretreating the primary ingot obtained in the step b to remove the defect parts at two ends and the oxide skin, then putting the pretreated primary ingot into a vacuum induction smelting furnace for secondary smelting, and pouring molten metal obtained by smelting to obtain a finished TiAl-based alloy ingot in the shape of a mold.
Preferably, in the step b, when primary smelting is carried out, controlling the vacuum degree of a hearth to be not higher than 5.0Pa, the smelting current to be 10-40 kA, the smelting voltage to be 26-40V, the arc stabilizing current to be 5-30A, the arc stabilizing period to be 5s to be direct current, cooling the ingot to be not higher than 200 ℃ after smelting, and opening the furnace to obtain the primary ingot.
Preferably, in the step c, when the secondary smelting is performed, the crucible used is made of CaO or ThO2、ZrO2、Al2O3、Y2O3、SrZrO3、CaZrO3、BaZrO3At least one of (1).
Preferably, in the step c, when the secondary smelting is carried out, the vacuum degree of the hearth is controlled to be not higher than (3 x 10)-2) Pa, the smelting power is not more than 35kw, the refining temperature is 5-10 ℃ higher than the phase line of the alloy liquid, the refining time is 5-10 min, the pouring temperature is slightly higher than the refining temperature, and the condition that the alloy liquid does not stick to the pot is maintained.
Preferably, in the step a, sponge titanium, high-purity aluminum blocks, AlNb master alloy and high-purity Cr are selected as raw materials, the pretreated raw materials are proportioned according to the components of the alloy, and the content of Al is at least 2 wt% more than the nominal component in consideration of severe volatilization of Al in the smelting process; then pressing the raw materials into electrodes, uniformly mixing the prepared AlNb intermediate alloy particles with high-purity Cr particles, wrapping the mixture with aluminum foil to form a long strip-shaped alloy bag, then placing the alloy bag between titanium sponge and aluminum beans by using a mold, and pressing the mixture of the raw materials into electrode blocks by using a press; and then welding the pressed electrode blocks into a group, combining at least 4 electrode blocks into a group, welding to form an electrode for smelting, and then loading into a vacuum consumable smelting furnace.
The invention relates to a TiAl-based alloy which is prepared by a TiAl-based alloy preparation method based on a two-step composite smelting process.
Preferably, the TiAl-based alloy of the present invention has a surface oxygen content of not more than 1090ppm and a core oxygen content of not more than 899 ppm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious and prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable advantages:
1. the invention overcomes the defects of uneven ingot casting components and tissue segregation caused by the VAR method, and simultaneously avoids instant overheating caused by exothermic reaction between titanium and aluminum in the crucible type VIM method, wherein the instant overheating can cause adverse reaction between alloy melt and refractory material;
2. the invention adopts a two-step smelting method combining VAR and VIM, integrates the advantages of the VAR and the VIM, and skillfully avoids the defects of the VAR and the VIM, so that the process has short process flow, does not need repeated remelting, and saves energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a final ingot made by the process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the energy-saving and high-efficiency TiAl-based alloy preparation process of the invention.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are detailed below:
the first embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, a two-step composite melting process is formed by a vacuum consumable arc melting (VAR) method and a crucible type Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) method, a primary ingot is prepared by the vacuum consumable arc melting method, and then a secondary melting is performed in a crucible type vacuum induction furnace, so as to finally obtain a TiAl-based alloy ingot.
This example was carried out in a vacuum consumable arc melting furnace with an alloy having a nominal composition of Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr (at.%) in a single pass, followed byVacuum induction melting furnace (BaZrO)3Crucible) for secondary smelting, the specific preparation process steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing materials:
selecting titanium sponge, a high-purity aluminum block, an AlNb intermediate alloy and high-purity Cr as raw materials, and mixing the pretreated raw materials according to the name components of the alloy, wherein in consideration of the fact that Al volatilizes seriously in the smelting process, the Al content is 2 wt% more than the nominal component;
(b) pressing an electrode:
uniformly mixing the prepared AlNb intermediate alloy particles with high-purity Cr particles, wrapping the mixture with aluminum foil to prepare a long strip-shaped alloy bag, then placing the alloy bag between titanium sponge and aluminum beans by using a special die, and pressing the mixture of the raw materials into electrodes of 55mm multiplied by 300mm by a press;
(c) assembling and welding electrodes:
combining 4 electrodes into a group, connecting the electrodes into electrodes for smelting through argon arc welding, and then putting the electrodes into a vacuum consumable smelting furnace;
step two:
(a) vacuumizing:
in order to avoid air pollution and effectively remove hydrogen and chloride, the vacuum degree in the smelting furnace is required to be kept below 5.0 Pa;
(b) primary smelting:
the smelting current is 10-40 kA, the smelting voltage is 26-40V, the arc stabilizing current is 5-30A, and the arc stabilizing period is 5s to direct current;
(c) and (3) cooling and post-treatment:
and cooling the ingot after smelting to below 200 ℃ for opening the furnace to finally obtain a primary ingot.
Step three:
(a) BaZrO in vacuum induction smelting furnace after removing two end defect parts and oxidized surface skin from primary cast ingot3The crucible is filled with the molten metal;
(b) vacuumizing:
carrying out three times of gas washing by using high-purity argon in the vacuumizing process so as to take away residual air in the furnace body as much as possible, and finally maintaining the vacuum degree at (3 multiplied by 10)-2) Pa below;
step four:
(a) preheating:
adjusting the power to 5kw and preheating for 30 min;
(b) heating:
gradually increasing the power at a rate of 5kw every 5min, the power not exceeding 35kw at maximum;
(c) back flushing argon:
in order to prevent a large amount of Al from volatilizing, argon is reversely filled to 0.6 multiplied by 10 after the primary cast ingot begins to melt5Pa；
(d) Refining:
after the primary cast ingot is completely melted, reducing the power to 20kw for refining for 5-10 min so as to ensure the components of the alloy to be uniform and reduce segregation;
(e) pouring:
in order to prevent the molten metal from sticking the pot, the power is increased to 45kw, and the molten metal is poured into the graphite crucible after 5 seconds;
(f) and (3) cooling: opening the furnace when the ingot casting temperature is reduced to below 200 ℃, and finally obtaining a cylindrical ingot casting with the diameter phi of 30 mm;
step five:
oxygen content analysis was performed on samples of 3mm × 3mm × 3mm in length × width × height at different positions of the final ingot, and the results are shown in table 1, which shows the oxygen content at different positions of the final ingot in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of oxygen content in different parts of the final ingot
As can be seen from Table 1, the TiAl-based alloy was produced with an oxygen content in the surface layer of not more than 1090ppm and an oxygen content in the core portion of not more than 899 ppm. Specifically, the TiAl-based alloy has a surface layer containing oxygen at 1050-1090ppm and a core containing oxygen at 871-899 ppm. The embodiment is an energy-saving and efficient TiAl-based alloy preparation process. The process mainly comprises vacuum consumable arc melting (VAR) and crucible type Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM). Preparing a primary ingot by using VAR, and then carrying out secondary smelting in a crucible type vacuum induction furnace to finally obtain a high-quality TiAl-based alloy ingot. The purpose of adopting two smelting technologies to combine is as follows:
(1) the uneven composition and the structural segregation of the cast ingot caused by the VAR technology are avoided;
(2) instantaneous overheating caused by the exothermic reaction between titanium and aluminum in the crucible type VIM technology is avoided, and the instantaneous overheating can cause adverse reaction of the alloy melt and the refractory material. The two-step smelting method combining VAR and VIM integrates the advantages of the VAR and the VIM, and avoids the defects of the VAR and the VIM skillfully, so that the process is short in process flow, free of repeated remelting and energy-saving.
Example two:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this example, in the step c, when the secondary melting is performed, the material of the crucible used is CaO or ThO2、ZrO2、Al2O3、Y2O3、SrZrO3、CaZrO3、BaZrO3At least one of (1). Considering that the activity of the prepared molten metal is higher, oxide ceramics or composite oxide ceramics are selected according to requirements, which is beneficial to reducing the pollution to molten metal and ensuring the quality and the component stability of the molten metal.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made according to the purpose of the invention, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications made according to the spirit and principle of the technical solution of the present invention should be replaced with equivalents as long as the object of the present invention is met, and the technical principle and the inventive concept of the present invention are not departed from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A TiAl-based alloy preparation method based on a two-step composite smelting process is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a vacuum consumable arc melting (VAR) method and a crucible type Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) method are utilized to form a two-step composite melting process, a primary ingot is prepared by the vacuum consumable arc melting method, and then secondary melting is carried out in a crucible type vacuum induction furnace, so that a TiAl-based alloy ingot is finally obtained.
2. The method for preparing the TiAl-based alloy based on the two-step composite smelting process as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting scrap-shaped, granular or block-shaped raw materials, drying the raw materials, putting the dried raw materials into a mould according to the proportion for preparing the TiAl-based alloy, pressing the raw materials into an electrode block, and welding the pressed electrode block into a consumable electrode;
b. b, carrying out primary smelting on the consumable electrode prepared in the step a in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, and cooling an alloy melt to obtain a primary ingot;
c. and c, pretreating the primary ingot obtained in the step b to remove the defect parts at two ends and the oxide skin, then putting the pretreated primary ingot into a vacuum induction smelting furnace for secondary smelting, and pouring molten metal obtained by smelting to obtain a finished TiAl-based alloy ingot in the shape of a mold.
3. The method for preparing the TiAl-based alloy based on the two-step composite smelting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step b, when primary smelting is carried out, controlling the vacuum degree of a hearth to be not higher than 5.0Pa, the smelting current to be 10-40 kA, the smelting voltage to be 26-40V, the arc stabilizing current to be 5-30A, the arc stabilizing period to be 5s until direct current, cooling the ingot to be not higher than 200 ℃ after smelting, and opening the furnace to obtain the primary ingot.
4. The method for preparing the TiAl-based alloy based on the two-step composite smelting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step c, when the secondary smelting is performed, the crucible used is made of CaO or ThO2、ZrO2、Al2O3、Y2O3、SrZrO3、CaZrO3、BaZrO3At least one of (1).
5. The method for preparing the TiAl-based alloy based on the two-step composite smelting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step c, when the secondary smelting is carried out, the vacuum degree of the hearth is controlled to be not higher than (3 multiplied by 10)-2) Pa, the smelting power is not more than 35kw, the refining temperature is 5-10 ℃ higher than the alloy liquid phase line, the refining time is 5-10 min, the pouring temperature is higher than the refining temperature, and the alloy liquid is maintained not to stick to the pot.
6. The method for preparing the TiAl-based alloy based on the two-step composite smelting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, sponge titanium, high-purity aluminum blocks, AlNb intermediate alloy and high-purity Cr are selected as raw materials, the pretreated raw materials are mixed according to the components of the alloy, and the content of Al is at least 2 wt% more than the nominal component in consideration of severe volatilization of Al in the smelting process; then pressing the raw materials into electrodes, uniformly mixing the prepared AlNb intermediate alloy particles with high-purity Cr particles, wrapping the mixture with aluminum foil to form a long strip-shaped alloy bag, then placing the alloy bag between titanium sponge and aluminum beans by using a mold, and pressing the mixture of the raw materials into electrode blocks by using a press; and then welding the pressed electrode blocks into a group, combining at least 4 electrode blocks into a group, welding to form an electrode for smelting, and then loading into a vacuum consumable smelting furnace.
7. A TiAl-based alloy characterized by: the TiAl-based alloy is prepared by the method for preparing the TiAl-based alloy based on the two-step composite smelting process as claimed in claim 1.
8. The TiAl-based alloy according to claim 7, wherein: its surface layer oxygen content is not more than 1090ppm, and its core oxygen content is not more than 899 ppm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113684456B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-03-31 | 湖南稀土金属材料研究院有限责任公司 | La-Ti alloy target and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113684456B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-03-31 | 湖南稀土金属材料研究院有限责任公司 | La-Ti alloy target and preparation method thereof |
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