CN113634830A - Electric spark machining tool and method for interference hole - Google Patents
Electric spark machining tool and method for interference hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN113634830A CN113634830A CN202110943422.2A CN202110943422A CN113634830A CN 113634830 A CN113634830 A CN 113634830A CN 202110943422 A CN202110943422 A CN 202110943422A CN 113634830 A CN113634830 A CN 113634830A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electric spark machining tool for interference holes, which comprises an electrode rod, a switching part, an electrode guide block, a row electrode angular positioning block, a blade clamp, a blade angular rotating disk and a rotating platform, wherein the electrode rod is fixedly connected with the switching part; one end of an electrode rod is connected to one end of the switching part, the other end of the electrode rod is connected with a machine tool spindle, the other end of the switching part is connected with the electrode guide block, one end of the row electrode is fixed on the electrode guide block, and the switching part is connected with the blade clamp through the row electrode angular positioning block; the blade angular rotating disc is rotatably arranged on the rotating table and is arranged concentrically, the blade clamp is fixedly arranged on the blade angular rotating disc, and an arc-shaped track used for placing the blades is arranged on the blade clamp. The invention also relates to an electric spark machining method of the interference hole. The electric spark machining tool and the electric spark machining method for the interference hole aim to solve the problems of low machining efficiency, poor quality and narrow application range of the existing electric spark machining technology for the interference hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric spark machining, in particular to an electric spark machining tool and method for an interference hole.
Background
The electric spark machining technology mainly utilizes the high-temperature ablation phenomenon generated by non-contact pulse electric spark discharge between a tool and a workpiece to remove the metal of the workpiece so as to achieve the purpose of machining a specific structure, and is widely applied to machining of various difficult-to-cut materials and complex characteristic structures. At present, military and civil parts such as turbine blades of aero-engines and the like are designed by adopting a duplex or multi-connection integral manufacturing structure, because a narrow space with a shielding surface shielding and a semi-closed state is naturally formed between the blades, the blade spacing is small, the narrowest part is not more than 10mm, so that partial air film holes have interference hole characteristics with poor processing accessibility, the blade profiles are complex, the hole angles are different, and the distribution is dense.
Aiming at the electric spark machining of the interference hole, at present, no mature technical route exists, part of units try to apply a high-speed small hole machining process to the interference hole machining, and a large-angle arc-shaped hollow copper electrode passing through a wire guide nozzle is fed to a machining area for machining, so that although the problem of machining feasibility is partially solved, the following defects exist: (1) due to the adoption of the arc-shaped electrode, the high-speed rotating feeding function of the electrode cannot be used, and only single-electrode hole-by-hole machining can be performed, so that the efficiency advantage of high-speed small hole machining is weakened to a certain extent; (2) compared with electric spark forming processing, the recasting layer of the high-speed small hole processing technology is thicker, the surface roughness is poorer, and irregular microcracks are easy to generate; (3) the application range is limited, and interference holes at positions with smaller blade intervals or with larger inclination angles cannot be machined.
Therefore, the inventor provides an electric spark machining tool and method for interference holes.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides an electric spark machining tool and method for an interference hole, and solves the technical problems of low machining efficiency, poor quality and narrow application range of the existing electric spark machining technology for the interference hole.
(2) Technical scheme
The invention provides an electric spark machining tool for an interference hole, which comprises an electrode rod, a switching part, an electrode guide block, a row electrode angular positioning block, a blade clamp, a blade angular rotating disk and a rotating platform, wherein the electrode rod is fixedly connected with the electrode guide block;
one end of the electrode rod is connected to one end of the switching part, the other end of the electrode rod is connected with a machine tool spindle, the other end of the switching part is connected with the electrode guide block, one end of the row of electrodes is fixed on the electrode guide block, and the switching part is connected with the blade clamp through the row of electrode angular positioning blocks;
the blade angular rotating disc is rotatably arranged on the rotating table and is arranged concentrically, the blade clamp is fixedly arranged on the blade angular rotating disc, and an arc-shaped track used for placing the blades is arranged on the blade clamp.
Further, the electric spark machining tool for the interference hole further comprises a blade limiting baffle, and the blade limiting baffle is arranged on the arc-shaped track and used for limiting the moving distance of the blade.
Further, the radius of the blade angular rotating disk is the same as the radius of the outer edge of the blade and is arranged concentrically.
Further, the blade angular rotating disc is fan-shaped.
Further, the row of electrodes is a group of solid cylindrical electrodes.
Furthermore, a mounting hole is formed in one end of the switching part, and one end of the electrode rod is inserted into the mounting hole.
The invention provides a method for processing the electric spark processing tool based on the interference hole, which comprises the following steps:
taking the interference hole which is most hidden in position and has the largest interference degree as a first row of interference holes to be processed, and performing angular positioning by utilizing positioning surfaces on two sides of the switching part and the row electrode angular positioning blocks;
moving the switching part to a machining area of a first blade outer side hole which is consistent with the relative position and the angular direction of the head row interference hole, and resetting the coordinate to be used as a machining initial position;
positioning and machining the first row of interference holes;
after the first row of interference holes are machined, adjusting the angular orientation of the electrode through a main shaft of a rotary machine tool according to the relative position and angular difference of different rows of interference holes, and moving the electrode to the machining areas of the rest interference holes for machining.
Further, the positioning and machining of the first row of interference holes specifically comprises the following steps:
rotating the rotary table by a set angle to enable the second blade to the Nth blade to rotate to the initial position of the first blade in sequence;
designing a multi-section line motion track, avoiding a shielding position, and moving the switching part to the processing starting position;
and (4) calling technological parameters, carrying out multi-axis linkage feeding along the axial direction of the electrode, and finishing the machining of a whole row of interference holes by one-time machining.
(3) Advantageous effects
In conclusion, the invention realizes shielding position avoidance, accurate positioning and feeding processing of interference holes by designing the special solid cylindrical electrode for processing the small holes, and structures such as a long-corner adapter clamp, an electrode guide block, an electrode array angular alignment block, a blade clamp and a blade angular rotating disk which are suitable for a hidden surface shielding structure. The method ensures the integrity of the surface of the blade, good machining precision and stability, high efficiency and convenient automatic implementation and engineering application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a typical topography of an interference hole;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an electrical discharge machining tool for interference holes, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of an electrical discharge machining tool for interference holes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural rear view of an electrical discharge machining tool for interference holes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural plan view of an electrical discharge machining tool for interference holes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a row electrode and an electrode rod in an electrical discharge machining tool for an interference hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of an electrical discharge machining method for an interference hole according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-an electrode rod; 2-a switching part; 3-an electrode guide block; 4-rows of electrodes; 5-arranging electrode angular positioning blocks; 6-blade clamp; 601-an arc track; 7-blade angular rotating disc; 8-a turntable; 9-a blade limit baffle; 100-blade; 200-interference hole.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, since a narrow space in a semi-closed state shielded by a hidden surface is naturally formed between the blades, the blade pitch is small, and the narrowest part is not more than 10mm, so that part of the film holes have the characteristic of interference holes 200 with poor processing accessibility, and the blade profile is complicated, the hole angles are different, and the distribution is dense.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical discharge machining tool for an interference hole according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 to 6, the electrical discharge machining tool includes an electrode rod 1, an adapter 2, an electrode guide block 3, a row electrode 4, a row electrode angular positioning block 5, a blade fixture 6, a blade angular rotating disk 7, and a rotating platform 8;
as shown in fig. 6, one end of an electrode rod 1 is connected to one end of an adapter part 2, the other end of the electrode rod 1 is connected to a machine tool spindle, the other end of the adapter part 2 is connected to an electrode guide block 3, one end of a row electrode 4 is fixed to the electrode guide block 3, and the adapter part 2 is connected to a blade clamp 6 through a row electrode angular positioning block 5;
the blade angular rotating disk 7 is rotatably arranged on the rotating platform 8 and is arranged concentrically, the blade clamp 6 is fixedly arranged on the blade angular rotating disk 7, and the blade clamp 6 is provided with an arc-shaped track 601 for placing the blades 100.
In the embodiment, the row electrode design with the long corner switching clamp structure is adopted, so that the shielding position can be effectively avoided, the conventional electric spark forming processing technology which cannot be applied originally has feasibility, and the efficient and synchronous processing of the row holes is realized; the electrode angular positioning blocks 5, the blade angular rotating disc 8 and other structures are designed, and the accurate positioning of the spatial angular interference holes is realized by adopting an electrode in-situ replacement type alignment method.
Specifically, an electrode rod 1 and a switching part 2 are connected to form a long-corner switching clamp, one end of a row electrode 4 is fixed on a position reference reserved in an electrode guide block 3 and then connected with the long-corner switching clamp, and the electrode rod 1 is installed on a machine tool spindle. Wherein, the contained angle between electrode rod 1 and the switching portion 2 is 90 degrees, and electrode guide block 3 sets up with electrode rod 1 parallel.
In some optional embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the electric discharge machining tool for interference holes further includes a blade limit baffle 9, and the blade limit baffle 9 is disposed on the arc-shaped track 601 for limiting the moving distance of the blade 100.
In some alternative embodiments, the radius of the blade angular rotating disk 7 is the same as the radius of the outer edge of the blades 100 and is arranged concentrically.
In some alternative embodiments, the blade angular rotating disc 7 is sector-shaped.
In some alternative embodiments, the row electrode 4 is a set of solid cylindrical electrodes.
In some optional embodiments, a mounting hole is opened at one end of the adapter part 2, and one end of the electrode rod 1 is inserted into the mounting hole. The provision of the mounting hole facilitates the connection between the electrode rod 1 and the adapter 2.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for machining an electric discharge machining tool based on the above interference hole, as shown in fig. 7, the method includes the following steps:
s1, taking the interference hole with the most hidden position and the largest interference degree as a first row of interference holes to be processed, and performing angular positioning by using positioning surfaces on two sides of the adapter part 2 and the row electrode angular positioning block 5;
s2, moving the adapter part 2 to a machining area of the first blade outer side hole, wherein the relative position and the angular direction of the first blade outer side hole are consistent with those of the first row interference hole, and resetting the coordinates to be used as a machining initial position;
s3, positioning and machining a first row of interference holes;
and S4, after the first row of interference holes are machined, adjusting the electrode angular direction through the main shaft of the rotary machine tool according to the relative position and angular difference of the different rows of interference holes, and moving to the machining areas of the rest interference holes for machining.
In some optional embodiments, in step S3, positioning and machining the leading interference hole specifically includes the following steps:
s301, rotating the rotary table 8 by a set angle to enable the second blade to the Nth blade to rotate to the initial position of the first blade in sequence;
s302, designing a multi-segment line motion track, avoiding a shielding position, and moving the switching part 2 to a processing initial position;
and S303, taking technological parameters, carrying out multi-axis linkage feeding along the axial direction of the electrode, and finishing the machining of a whole row of interference holes by one-time machining.
In the above embodiment, an electric spark forming method is provided for an interference hole structure generated by integrally manufacturing a duplex/multiplex blade, and the method has the advantages of low cost, high quality, high reliability and high efficiency, and meets the hole making requirements of products in the military and civil fields.
The technical route is improved to adopt an electric spark forming processing technology to process the interference hole, and the technical advantages of strong processing accessibility, high size precision and stability, good surface quality, low process difficulty and cost and the like are fully exerted.
The original single-structure electrode is improved into the combined type row electrode with the long-corner switching clamp structure, the shielding position can be effectively avoided, the conventional electric spark forming processing technology which cannot be applied originally has feasibility, and efficient and synchronous processing of the row holes is realized.
The method comprises the steps of improving a traditional electrode edge-touching type positioning method into an electrode in-situ replacement type positioning method, specifically adopting structures such as a row electrode angular alignment block and a blade angular rotation disk to realize accurate positioning of spatial angular interference holes, optimizing the processing sequence of multiple rows of interference holes, preferentially finishing positioning and processing of interference holes which are most concealed in position and have the largest interference degree, and then adjusting the electrode angular direction to enable the same row of electrodes to finish processing of multiple rows of interference holes with different angular directions. The processing method ensures the surface integrity of the blade, good processing precision and stability, high efficiency and convenient automation implementation and engineering application.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An electric spark machining tool for interference holes is characterized by comprising an electrode rod (1), a switching part (2), an electrode guide block (3), a row electrode (4), a row electrode angular positioning block (5), a blade clamp (6), a blade angular rotating disk (7) and a rotating platform (8);
one end of the electrode rod (1) is connected to one end of the switching part (2), the other end of the electrode rod (1) is connected with a machine tool spindle, the other end of the switching part (2) is connected with the electrode guide block (3), one end of the row electrode (4) is fixed to the electrode guide block (3), and the switching part (2) is connected with the blade clamp (6) through the row electrode angular positioning block (5);
the blade angular rotating disc (7) is rotatably arranged on the rotating table (8) and is arranged concentrically, the blade clamp (6) is fixedly arranged on the blade angular rotating disc (7), and an arc-shaped track (601) used for placing the blades (100) is arranged on the blade clamp (6).
2. The electric discharge machining tool for the interference hole is characterized by further comprising a blade limit baffle (9), wherein the blade limit baffle (9) is arranged on the arc-shaped track (601) and used for limiting the moving distance of the blade (100).
3. The electric discharge machining tool for interference holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radius of the blade angular rotating disk (7) is the same as the radius of the outer edge of the blade (100) and is arranged concentrically.
4. The electrospark machining tool for interference holes according to claim 1, wherein the blade angular rotating disc (7) is sector-shaped.
5. The electric discharge machining tool for interference holes according to claim 1, wherein the row of electrodes (4) is a group of solid cylindrical electrodes.
6. The electric spark machining tool for the interference hole according to claim 1, wherein a mounting hole is formed in one end of the adapter portion (2), and one end of the electrode rod (1) is inserted into the mounting hole.
7. A machining method of an electric discharge machining tool based on the interference hole as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the interference hole which is most hidden in position and has the largest interference degree is used as a first row of interference holes to be processed, and the angular positioning is carried out by utilizing the positioning surfaces at the two sides of the switching part (2) and the row electrode angular positioning blocks (5);
moving the switching part (2) to a machining area of a first blade outer side hole which is consistent with the relative position and the angular direction of the head row interference hole, and resetting the coordinate to be used as a machining initial position;
positioning and machining the first row of interference holes;
after the first row of interference holes are machined, adjusting the angular orientation of the electrode through a main shaft of a rotary machine tool according to the relative position and angular difference of different rows of interference holes, and moving the electrode to the machining areas of the rest interference holes for machining.
8. The electric discharge machining method for the interference hole as claimed in claim 7, wherein the positioning and machining of the leading interference hole specifically comprises the steps of:
rotating the rotary table (8) by a set angle to enable the second blade to the Nth blade to rotate to the initial position of the first blade in sequence;
designing a multi-section line motion track, avoiding a shielding position, and moving the switching part (2) to the processing starting position;
and (4) calling technological parameters, carrying out multi-axis linkage feeding along the axial direction of the electrode, and finishing the machining of a whole row of interference holes by one-time machining.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110943422.2A CN113634830A (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2021-08-17 | Electric spark machining tool and method for interference hole |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110943422.2A CN113634830A (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2021-08-17 | Electric spark machining tool and method for interference hole |
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| CN113634830A true CN113634830A (en) | 2021-11-12 |
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| CN202110943422.2A Pending CN113634830A (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2021-08-17 | Electric spark machining tool and method for interference hole |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108098091A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-06-01 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of guidance system that can improve high-speed electric spark punching interference phenomenon |
| CN108994407A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-14 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Tetrad guide vane interferes air film hole positioning fixture, processing unit (plant) and processing method |
| KR20190122918A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2019-10-31 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | Double angled laidback fan shaped film cooling hole structure |
| CN111872506A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 成都和鸿科技有限公司 | Row electrode assembly for machining multi-connected guide vane air film hole and machining method thereof |
| CN112091336A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-18 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method for accurately positioning interference gas film hole of integrally cast blade by electric spark machining |
-
2021
- 2021-08-17 CN CN202110943422.2A patent/CN113634830A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108098091A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-06-01 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of guidance system that can improve high-speed electric spark punching interference phenomenon |
| KR20190122918A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2019-10-31 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | Double angled laidback fan shaped film cooling hole structure |
| CN108994407A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-14 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Tetrad guide vane interferes air film hole positioning fixture, processing unit (plant) and processing method |
| CN111872506A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 成都和鸿科技有限公司 | Row electrode assembly for machining multi-connected guide vane air film hole and machining method thereof |
| CN112091336A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-18 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method for accurately positioning interference gas film hole of integrally cast blade by electric spark machining |
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