CN113630059B - Multi-level power converter for switched reluctance motor - Google Patents
Multi-level power converter for switched reluctance motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113630059B CN113630059B CN202110923411.8A CN202110923411A CN113630059B CN 113630059 B CN113630059 B CN 113630059B CN 202110923411 A CN202110923411 A CN 202110923411A CN 113630059 B CN113630059 B CN 113630059B
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
- H02P25/092—Converters specially adapted for controlling reluctance motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
- H02P25/098—Arrangements for reducing torque ripple
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is applicable to the technical field of power converters, and provides a multi-level power converter for a switched reluctance motor, which is applied to a speed regulation System (SRD) of the switched reluctance motor. The proposed multilevel power converter comprises: the DC power supply, the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1, the boosting capacitor C2, the longitudinal bridge and the transverse bridge. The switch reluctance motor can work in seven level states by controlling the on and off of the switch tube, so that normal-pressure excitation (+ 1), demagnetization (-1) and zero-voltage follow current (0) of the traditional power circuit can be realized, high-voltage rapid excitation (+ 2) and high-voltage rapid demagnetization (-2) can also be realized, and two levels of-U C2 and +U C2 are applied to the winding by charging and discharging of the boost capacitor C2. The multi-level power converter has the advantages of multi-level, high control freedom degree, rapid excitation and rapid demagnetization, and suitability for motors with any phase number through bridge arm expansion, and can improve the overall control performance of a switched reluctance motor speed regulation System (SRD).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a power converter for an electric machine, and in particular to a multi-level power converter for a switched reluctance machine.
Background
The switch reluctance motor has the advantages of simple and firm structure, low cost, large starting torque, multiple controllable parameters, good speed regulation performance and the like, and has wide application range due to a series of advantages. The switched reluctance motor speed regulating System (SRD) consists of a switched reluctance motor, a power converter, a controller, a position detector and the like, wherein the power converter is used as a main component for driving the switched reluctance motor speed regulating system, and plays a vital role in the performance of the whole speed regulating system. In order to optimize the performance of a speed regulating system of a switched reluctance motor, it is of great importance to research a multi-level power converter of the switched reluctance motor.
The conventional asymmetric half-bridge three-level power converter is widely used due to its advantages of simple structure, few switching devices, simple control, etc., as shown in fig. 1. Taking phase a as an example, there are three working states in total, corresponding to the situation shown in fig. 2, when VTA1 and VTA2 are turned on, the forward voltage of the power supply is applied to the two ends of the winding, so that the winding is excited (+1); when the VTA1 and the VTA2 are turned off, the windings freewheel through the diodes VDA1 and VDA2, and the residual magnetic energy is fed back to the capacitor C1 to realize demagnetization (-1); when one switching tube is kept on and the other switching tube is turned off, the winding is subjected to zero-voltage freewheel through an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm (the zero-voltage freewheel of the upper bridge arm is shown as an example). However, in the traditional asymmetric power converter, when the motor operates in a high-speed stage, because the back electromotive force is relatively large and the effective excitation and demagnetization time is short, the normal-pressure excitation (+ 1) is difficult to overcome the back electromotive force and quickly establish current in the excitation stage; in the demagnetizing stage, normal-pressure demagnetization (-1) is difficult to suppress the trailing current to generate negative torque, thereby affecting motor output and reducing efficiency.
In order to overcome the disadvantages, students at home and abroad study a multi-level power converter of a switched reluctance motor on the basis of an asymmetric half bridge, and document A Novel Four-Level Converter and Instantaneous SWITCHING ANGLE Detector for HIGH SPEED SRM DRIVE' is improved on the basis of a traditional asymmetric half bridge circuit, a four-level power converter adopting a passive boost capacitor is proposed, and as shown in fig. 3, the circuit can overcome larger counter electromotive force at high speed through capacitor boost to realize quick excitation and accelerate current drop to realize quick demagnetization, but when any phase works in a quick excitation state (+2), on Q CD can cut off VD CD, so that other phases can only work in the quick excitation state (+2) when the other phases are forced to work in an excitation state (+1) and also when one phase works in an normal-pressure excitation state, Q CD is turned off, and the power converter can not provide high-voltage excitation. In general, when two phases are overlapped and conducted to multiple phases, phase-to-phase restriction exists, so that the level state of each phase cannot be switched independently, and the application of the multi-level power converter is limited.
The document "ASYMMETRICAL-Level Neutral Point Clamped Converter for Switch Reluctance Motors" proposes a seven-level power converter, as shown in fig. 4, in which a one-phase bridge is composed of four switching tubes and two diodes, and is powered by a battery pack, and seven level states of "+1", "+2/3", "+1/3", "0", "-1/3", "-2/3" and "-1" can be provided by controlling the on-off of the corresponding switching tubes. Such a power converter is capable of achieving independent operation in seven level states per phase, but the topology is not capable of providing high voltages exceeding the maximum supply voltage level, i.e. without boost capability, and the design of the topology is initially applied to electric vehicles with battery packs, with limited application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-level power converter for a switched reluctance motor, which aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art. The invention has various level grades, can realize normal-pressure excitation, demagnetization and zero-voltage follow current of the traditional power converter, can also realize high-voltage quick excitation and high-voltage quick demagnetization, and can also provide two level states with low voltage grades when the voltage U C2 at two ends of the boost capacitor is smaller than the power supply voltage U DC through proper selection and reasonable charge and discharge control of the passive boost capacitor, so that low-voltage excitation and low-voltage demagnetization can be realized. The invention aims to effectively reduce the torque pulsation of a motor, improve the running efficiency of the motor and widen the speed regulation range of the motor by utilizing the advantages of multi-level grade, high control degree of freedom, rapid excitation and rapid demagnetization of the multi-level power converter.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multi-level power converter for a switched reluctance motor consists of a direct current power supply, a voltage stabilizing capacitor C1, a passive boosting capacitor C2, longitudinal bridges and transverse bridges, wherein the number of the longitudinal bridges is equal to that of the motor, and only one transverse bridge is arranged.
The direct current power supply is a rectification power supply for rectifying alternating current into direct current, other types of high-power direct current power supplies or a storage battery;
The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply in parallel, and the negative electrode of the passive boost capacitor C2 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 in series; bus A is led out from the positive electrode of the passive boost capacitor C2, bus B is led out from the midpoint of the series connection of the capacitors C2 and C1, and bus C is led out from the collector of the switching tube VTZ;
The longitudinal bridge consists of switching tubes VTX1, VTX2 and VTX3, diodes VDX1, VDX2 and VDX3 and X-phase motor windings, X represents different phases of the motor, and X represents A, B, C for a three-phase motor; the collector of the switching tube VTX1 is connected with a bus A, the emitter of the VTX1 is connected with the collector of the switching tube VTX2 and is connected with the cathode of the diode VDX1, and the anode of the diode VDX1 is connected with a bus B; the emitter of the switching tube VTX2 is connected with one end of an X-phase winding of the motor and is connected with the cathode of the diode VDX3, and the anode of the diode VDX3 is connected with the cathode of the direct-current power supply; the collector of the switching tube VTX3 is connected with the other end of the motor X-phase winding and is connected with the positive electrode of the diode VDX2, the emitter of the VTX3 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply, and the negative electrode of the diode VDX2 is connected with the bus A;
The transverse bridge consists of a switching tube VTZ and a diode VDZX; the emitter of the switch tube VTZ is connected to the midpoint of the series connection of the capacitors C2 and C1, and the collector of the switch tube VTZ is connected with a bus C which is used as a common normal-pressure demagnetizing channel; the negative electrode of the diode VDZX is connected with a bus C, and the connection end of the X-phase winding of the motor and the collector electrode of the VTX3 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode VDZX; the switching tubes VTX1, VTX2, VTX3 and VTZ are all-control power switching tubes.
The multi-level power converter for the switched reluctance motor has seven working states in total when each phase winding is electrified, and when the switching tubes VTX1, VTX2 and VTX3 are turned on and VTZ are turned off, bus A voltage is applied to the phase winding to realize high-voltage rapid excitation; when the switching tubes VTX2 and VTX3 are switched on and the switching tubes VTX1 and VTZ are switched off, bus B voltage is applied to the phase winding, so that normal-pressure excitation is realized; when only VTX3 is on and other switching tubes are off, the phase motor winding works in a zero-voltage follow current state; when only VTZ is conducted and other switching tubes are all turned off, the phase motor winding feeds electric energy back to the capacitor C1 through the bus C, so that normal-pressure demagnetization is realized; when the switching tubes VTX1, VTX2, VTX3 and VTZ are all turned off, the phase winding feeds electric energy back to the capacitors C1 and C2 through the bus A, so that high-voltage rapid demagnetization is realized; when the switching transistors VTX1, VTX2 and VTZ are turned on and VTX3 is turned off, the boosting capacitor C2 excites the phase winding, the capacitor C2 discharges, and the phase winding is in a +U C2 state; when only VTX2 is on and the other switching tubes are off, the phase winding feeds power back to boost capacitor C2, capacitor C2 charges, and the phase winding is in the "-U C2" state.
The selection of the two excitation modes, namely high-voltage rapid excitation and normal-voltage excitation, is realized by controlling the potential of the collector electrode end of the VTX2 through controlling the on-off state of the switching tube VTX 1; the two demagnetizing modes, namely normal pressure demagnetizing and high pressure fast demagnetizing, are selected by controlling the electric potential of the phase winding end of the motor by controlling the on-off of the switching tube VTZ.
The +U C2 state refers to that forward voltages at two ends of a boost capacitor are added at two ends of a motor winding, demagnetizing energy recovered by the boost capacitor is used for winding excitation, and the state can be used for realizing discharge balance and overvoltage protection of the boost capacitor; the state "-U C2'" means that the winding feeds back the demagnetizing energy to the boost capacitor, and the voltage at two ends of the winding is-U C2 at the moment, so that the demagnetization of the winding is realized, and the winding can be used for realizing the charge balance and the under-voltage protection of the boost capacitor.
The multi-level power converter for the switch reluctance motor can be used as five levels and mainly works in five working states of +2 ', "-2 '," -0 ', "+1 ', and" -1 ', namely high-voltage rapid excitation, high-voltage rapid demagnetization, zero-voltage follow current, normal-pressure excitation and normal-pressure demagnetization; the circuit is used as a five-level circuit, has a combined working mode of any two states except for the combination of the two states of the '1' and the '2', and does not need the combination mode of the two states of the '1' and the '2' when adjacent two-phase motor windings are overlapped and conducted in practice, so that when the circuit is used as the five-level circuit, the independent operation between phases can be realized.
When the voltage U C2 across the boost capacitor is less than the power supply voltage U DC, the multi-level power converter for the switched reluctance motor can be used as seven levels and works in seven working states of "+2", "-2", "-0", "+1", "-1", "+u C2" and "-U C2", namely high-voltage fast excitation, high-voltage fast demagnetization, zero-voltage freewheel, normal-voltage excitation, normal-voltage demagnetization, low-voltage excitation and low-voltage demagnetization.
On the basis of the multi-level power converter for the switched reluctance motor, the number of longitudinal bridge arms and the expansion of transverse bridge arms are increased, so that the multi-level power converter can be suitable for motors with any phase number.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the proposed multilevel power converter adopts two variable-level high voltages of +2 state and +2 state brought by passive boost capacitors, realizes high-voltage rapid excitation and high-voltage rapid demagnetization, can accelerate the rising of exciting current and avoid the generation of demagnetizing trailing current, and can effectively improve the performance of the motor in high-speed stage operation. The normal-pressure excitation, normal-pressure demagnetization and zero-pressure follow current states of the traditional power converter are reserved. The proposed multi-level power converter can also provide voltages of +U C2 and-U C2, and can realize low-voltage excitation and low-voltage demagnetization of motor windings by exciting windings by a boost capacitor C2 and feeding back the winding energy to a demagnetization process of the boost capacitor C2; and the balance control of the voltage of the boost capacitor can be realized through the process, and compared with a multi-level power converter adopting a passive boost capacitor in the prior art, the circuit has better controllability on the voltage of the boost capacitor.
The multi-level power converter for the switched reluctance motor is designed under the condition of ensuring that the power converter has higher phase-to-phase independence and reducing the use quantity of switching devices, four level states (a +2 state, a-2 state, a 0 state and a +1 state) provided by a longitudinal bridge and one level state (a-1 state) provided by a transverse bridge are designed, the five level states have great combination freedom in a two-phase overlapped conduction interval, and as adjacent two phases of the motor are conducted at the same time without the combination of the two states of '-1' and '-2', the rest conduction combinations of the five level states can be realized, so that the running independence between the phases is ensured, and a more flexible control strategy can be formulated to further optimize the performance of the switched reluctance motor.
Meanwhile, the topological structure ensures multiple levels, simultaneously reduces the use of switching devices as much as possible so as to reduce the switching loss and the manufacturing cost, and can be suitable for motors with any phase number by increasing the number of longitudinal bridges and the expansion of transverse bridge arms, thereby being a more universally applicable structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric half-bridge power converter of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of three operating states of an asymmetric half-bridge power converter in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a four-level power converter in the prior art.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art seven level power converter.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a multi-level power converter for a switched reluctance motor according to the present invention.
FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (g) are schematic diagrams of seven level states of the proposed power converter, taking phase A as an example, and FIG. 6 (a) is a "+2" state; FIG. 6 (b) is a "+1" state; FIG. 6 (c) is a "0" state; FIG. 6 (d) is a "-1" state; FIG. 6 (e) is a "-2" state; FIG. 6 (f) is a "+U C2" state; fig. 6 (g) is the "-U C2" state.
Fig. 7 (a) and 7 (b) are two auxiliary zero states of the proposed power converter, both for zero voltage freewheeling, taking phase a as an example, fig. 7 (a) being the upper leg zero state; fig. 7 (b) is another zero state of the configuration.
Fig. 8 (a) to 8 (i) are schematic diagrams of 9 combination modes of substantially five levels in two-phase overlapping conduction intervals, taking A, B two-phase overlapping conduction as an example, and fig. 8 (a) is a combination mode (+2, +1); fig. 8 (b) is a combination pattern (0, +1); fig. 8 (c) is a combination pattern (0, +2); FIG. 8 (d) is a combination pattern (-2, +1); FIG. 8 (e) is a combination pattern (-2, +2); FIG. 8 (f) is a combined mode (-2, 0); FIG. 8 (g) is a combination pattern (-1, +1); FIG. 8 (h) is a combination pattern (-1, +2); FIG. 8 (i) is a combination pattern (-1, 0).
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a multilevel power converter for a switched reluctance motor, and is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention provides a multi-level power converter for a switched reluctance motor, which is composed of a dc power supply, a stabilizing capacitor C1, a passive boost capacitor C2, a longitudinal bridge and a transverse bridge. The direct current power supply is a rectifying power supply for rectifying alternating current into direct current, other types of high-power direct current power supplies or a storage battery; the positive pole and the negative pole of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 are connected in parallel with the positive pole and the negative pole of the direct current power supply, and the negative pole of the passive boost capacitor C2 is connected in series with the positive pole of the capacitor C1. The proposed multilevel power converter has three buses, bus a, bus B and bus C, respectively, corresponding to the thickened conductors in fig. 5.
In this embodiment, a three-phase motor is adopted, and because the circuit structures of the longitudinal bridges are the same, an a phase is taken as an example for illustration, as shown in a longitudinal dashed line frame in fig. 5, the longitudinal bridges are composed of switching tubes VTA1, VTA2 and VTA3, diodes VDA1, VDA2 and VDA3 and a-phase motor windings, the number of the longitudinal bridges is equal to that of the phases of the motor, the collector of the switching tube VTA1 is connected with a bus a, the emitter of the VTA1 is connected with the collector of the switching tube VTA2 and is connected with the cathode of the diode VDA1, and the anode of the diode VDA1 is connected with a bus B; the emitter of the switching tube VTA2 is connected with one end of a motor A phase winding and is connected with the cathode of the diode VDA3, and the anode of the diode VDA3 is connected with the cathode of a direct current power supply; the collector of the switching tube VTA3 is connected with the other end of the motor A phase winding and is connected with the positive electrode of the diode VDA2, the emitter of the VTA3 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply, and the negative electrode of the diode VDA2 is connected with the bus A.
As shown in the dashed-horizontal box of fig. 5, the horizontal bridge is composed of a switching tube VTZ and a diode VDZX; the emitter of the switching tube VTZ is connected to the midpoint of the series connection of the capacitors C2 and C1, and the collector of VTZ is connected to the bus C, which serves as a common normal-pressure demagnetizing channel; the negative pole of diode VDZX is connected to bus C and the connection of the motor X-phase winding to the collector of VTX3 is connected to the positive pole of diode VDZX.
For each phase winding, when the phase winding is electrified, the phase winding has seven working states, and the following description is given by taking phase A as an example:
"+2" state: when the switching transistors VTA1, VTA2 and VTA3 are on and VTZ is off, the current flows to bus a voltage of + (U C2+UDC) is applied to the a-phase winding as shown in the loop of fig. 6 (a), achieving fast excitation.
"+1" State: when the switching transistors VTA2 and VTA3 are on and VTA1 and VTZ are off, the current flows as shown in the loop of fig. 6 (B), and normal-pressure excitation is realized by applying the bus B voltage of +u DC to the a-phase winding.
The "0" state: when only VTA3 is on and the other switching tubes are off, the current flows to the a-phase winding as shown in the loop of fig. 6 (c), which operates in a zero-voltage freewheel state, which is referred to as the "lower arm 0" state.
"-1" State: when only VTZ is conducted and other switching tubes are all turned off, the current flows to be shown in a loop in fig. 6 (d), and the phase A winding returns electric energy to the capacitor C1 through the bus C, so that normal-pressure demagnetization is realized.
"-2" State: when the switching transistors VTA1, VTA2, VTA3 and VTZ are all turned off, the current flows to the a-phase winding as shown in the loop of fig. 6 (e), and the a-phase winding feeds electric energy back to the capacitors C1 and C2 through the bus a, so that rapid demagnetization is realized.
"+U C2" state: when the switching transistors VTA1, VTA2, and VTZ are turned on and VTA3 is turned off, the current flows as shown in fig. 6 (f), and excitation is achieved by applying the forward voltage of the boost capacitor of +u C2 to the a-phase winding.
"-U C2" state: when only the VTA2 is on and other switching tubes are off, the current flows to the phase A winding as shown in fig. 6 (g), and the phase A winding feeds electric energy back to the boost capacitor C2 through the bus A, so that demagnetization is realized.
The proposed power converter also has two auxiliary zero states, an "upper bridge arm 0" state similar to a conventional asymmetric half-bridge circuit and another zero state ("new 0" state). Fig. 7 (a) shows the "upper arm 0" state, when switching tubes VTA1 and VTA2 are on and VTA3 and VTZ are off, the current flows to the windings freewheels through the upper arm as shown. Fig. 7 (b) shows a "new 0" state when switching tubes VTA2 and VTZ are on and VTA1 and VTA3 are off, the current flows as shown, and the winding freewheels through the illustrated loop.
The control freedom of a power converter can be measured by the combined degrees of freedom of the level states of overlapping conduction intervals, and if the level states applied to each phase winding can be operated independently without interference, the power converter has a large control freedom. The control freedom of the proposed power converter is verified by letting it run in a two-phase overlapping conduction.
Fig. 8 (a) to 8 (i) show a two-phase overlapping conduction condition of substantially five levels (+2, +1, 0, -2, -1), and 10 combinations of five levels are combined according to the arrangement, and the proposed power converter has 9 combinations, i.e., +2, +1), (0, +2), (-2, +1), (-2, +2), (-2, 0), (-1, +1), (-1, +2), and (-1, 0). For the 10 th combination mode (-1, -2), since this mode of operation is not generally required when adjacent phases are in overlapping conduction, the phases can be operated independently from each other. Each combination can exchange level states for two adjacent phases, and two kinds of collocations exist, and each combination mode is analyzed one by taking one collocation when two phases AB are overlapped and conducted as an example.
FIG. 8 (a) shows a combination mode (+ 2, +1), when VTZ is turned off, switching tubes VTA1, VTA2 and VTA3 of the A phase are turned on, and forward superposition voltages of C1 and C2 are applied to two ends of the A phase winding, so that quick excitation is realized; the switching tubes VTB2 and VTB3 of the B phase are conducted, the VTB1 is turned off, and the forward voltage of the C1 end is applied to the two ends of the B phase winding, so that normal-pressure excitation is realized.
Fig. 8 (b) shows a combination mode (0, +1), when VTZ is turned off, only the switching tube VTA3 is turned on in phase a, and the winding works in a zero-voltage freewheel state; the B phase is excited at normal pressure in the same state as the B phase in fig. 8 (a).
FIG. 8 (c) shows a combination mode (0, +2), wherein the phase A and the phase A in FIG. 8 (b) are operated in the same state as zero-voltage freewheel; the same operation state of phase B and phase a in fig. 8 (a) is rapid excitation.
FIG. 8 (d) shows a combination mode (-2, +1), when VTZ is turned off, all switching tubes of the A phase are turned off, and the windings feed electric energy back to the capacitors C1 and C2 through the diodes VDA2 and VDA3, so that rapid demagnetization is realized; the operating state of the B phase is the same as that of the B phase in fig. 8 (B) and is normal-pressure excitation.
FIG. 8 (e) shows a combination mode (-2, +2), wherein the phase A and phase A in FIG. 8 (d) are operated in the same manner as a rapid demagnetization; the same operation state of the B phase as in fig. 8 (c) is the rapid excitation.
FIG. 8 (f) shows a combination mode (-2, 0), wherein the phase A and phase A in FIG. 8 (e) are operated in the same manner as a fast demagnetizing mode; the same operation state of phase B and phase a in fig. 8 (c) is zero-voltage freewheel.
Fig. 8 (g) shows a combination mode (-1, +1), VTZ is on, all switching tubes of phase a are off, the winding feeds electric energy back to the capacitor C1 through the switching tube VTZ and the diodes VDZA and VDA3, and normal-pressure demagnetization is achieved; the operating state of the B phase is the same as that of the B phase in fig. 8 (d) and is normal-pressure excitation.
FIG. 8 (h) shows a combination mode (-1, +2), wherein the working state of the A phase and the A phase in FIG. 8 (g) is the same as that of normal pressure demagnetization; the same operation state of the B phase as in fig. 8 (e) is the rapid excitation.
FIG. 8 (i) shows a combination mode (-1, 0), wherein the working state of the A phase and the A phase in FIG. 8 (h) is the same as that of normal pressure demagnetization; the same operation state of phase B as in fig. 8 (f) is zero-voltage freewheel.
Through the analysis of the 9 combination modes, the multi-level power converter can be seen to independently operate between phases when being used as five levels, so that the advantage of multi-level can be fully exerted, more flexible control strategies can be adopted, and the performance of the SRD is further improved.
The power converter provided by the invention adopts the passive boost capacitor C2 to obtain high voltage, which is a simple and cost-saving scheme, and the series connection of C2 and C1 can be used for recovering feedback energy of windings in a specific working process, so that quick demagnetization is realized, and the energy can be used for quick excitation, thereby effectively improving the running efficiency of the motor. In addition, the two level states of "+U C2" and "-U C2" provided by the boost capacitor C2 play a good balance control role on the self-body. When the voltage across the boost capacitor C2 is too high, the winding may be excited in the "+2" state to release the stored energy lowering voltage, or in the "+u C2" state to release the stored energy lowering voltage. When the voltage at the two ends of the boost capacitor C2 is too low, the winding demagnetizing can be realized through the state of '2', the demagnetizing energy is used for energy storage lifting voltages of the capacitors C1 and C2, the winding demagnetizing can also be realized through the state of 'U C2', and the demagnetizing energy is fed back to the boost capacitor C2, so that the voltage lifting is realized. In general, the passive boost capacitor is balanced and controlled, and meanwhile, the passive boost capacitor also plays a role in overvoltage and undervoltage protection.
The multi-level of the proposed power converter can meet the low-speed and high-speed requirements of the switched reluctance motor, and can mainly work in three working states of +1, 0 and 1 to meet the general working condition requirements in the conventional operation. In a high-speed stage, a rapid excitation mode is utilized to overcome larger back electromotive force so as to rapidly establish current; the fast demagnetizing mode is utilized to fast demagnetize in the demagnetizing stage so as to inhibit trailing current and improve motor output and operation efficiency, and the multi-level advantage of the multi-level power converter can be utilized to effectively reduce torque pulsation and improve dynamic response of the motor.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and other similar components or other layout manners of the components are adopted without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and technical solutions and embodiments similar to the technical solutions are not creatively designed and should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A multilevel power converter for a switched reluctance motor, characterized by: the motor is characterized by comprising a direct-current power supply, a voltage stabilizing capacitor C1, a passive boosting capacitor C2, longitudinal bridges and transverse bridges, wherein the number of the longitudinal bridges is equal to that of the motor, and only one transverse bridge is arranged;
The direct current power supply is a rectification power supply for rectifying alternating current into direct current, other types of high-power direct current power supplies or a storage battery;
The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply in parallel, and the negative electrode of the passive boost capacitor C2 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 in series; bus A is led out from the positive electrode of the passive boost capacitor C2, bus B is led out from the midpoint of the series connection of the capacitors C2 and C1, and bus C is led out from the collector of the switching tube VTZ;
The longitudinal bridge consists of switching tubes VTX1, VTX2 and VTX3, diodes VDX1, VDX2 and VDX3 and X-phase motor windings, X represents different phases of the motor, and X represents A, B, C for a three-phase motor; the collector of the switching tube VTX1 is connected with a bus A, the emitter of the VTX1 is connected with the collector of the switching tube VTX2 and is connected with the cathode of the diode VDX1, and the anode of the diode VDX1 is connected with a bus B; the emitter of the switching tube VTX2 is connected with one end of an X-phase winding of the motor and is connected with the cathode of the diode VDX3, and the anode of the diode VDX3 is connected with the cathode of the direct-current power supply; the collector of the switching tube VTX3 is connected with the other end of the motor X-phase winding and is connected with the positive electrode of the diode VDX2, the emitter of the VTX3 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply, and the negative electrode of the diode VDX2 is connected with the bus A;
The transverse bridge consists of a switching tube VTZ and a diode VDZX; the emitter of the switch tube VTZ is connected to the midpoint of the series connection of the capacitors C2 and C1, and the collector of the switch tube VTZ is connected with a bus C which is used as a common normal-pressure demagnetizing channel; the negative electrode of the diode VDZX is connected with a bus C, and the connection end of the X-phase winding of the motor and the collector electrode of the VTX3 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode VDZX;
The switching tubes VTX1, VTX2, VTX3 and VTZ are all-control power switching tubes.
2. A multilevel power converter for a switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein: when each phase winding is electrified, the phase winding has seven working states, and when the switching tubes VTX1, VTX2 and VTX3 are turned on and VTZ are turned off, the voltage of a bus A is applied to the phase winding, so that high-voltage rapid excitation is realized; when the switching tubes VTX2 and VTX3 are switched on and the switching tubes VTX1 and VTZ are switched off, bus B voltage is applied to the phase winding, so that normal-pressure excitation is realized; when only VTX3 is on and other switching tubes are off, the phase motor winding works in a zero-voltage follow current state; when only VTZ is conducted and other switching tubes are all turned off, the phase motor winding feeds electric energy back to the capacitor C1 through the bus C, so that normal-pressure demagnetization is realized; when the switching tubes VTX1, VTX2, VTX3 and VTZ are all turned off, the phase winding feeds electric energy back to the capacitors C1 and C2 through the bus A, so that high-voltage rapid demagnetization is realized; when the switching transistors VTX1, VTX2 and VTZ are turned on and VTX3 is turned off, the boosting capacitor C2 excites the phase winding, the capacitor C2 discharges, and the phase winding is in a +U C2 state; when only VTX2 is on and the other switching tubes are off, the phase winding feeds power back to boost capacitor C2, capacitor C2 charges, and the phase winding is in the "-U C2" state.
3. Seven operating states according to claim 2, characterized in that: the selection of the two excitation modes, namely high-voltage quick excitation and normal-voltage excitation, is realized by controlling the potential of the collector end of the VTX2 by controlling the on-off state of the switching tube VTX 1; the two demagnetizing modes, namely normal pressure demagnetizing and high pressure fast demagnetizing, are selected by controlling the electric potential of the phase winding end of the motor by controlling the on-off of the switching tube VTZ.
4. Seven operating states according to claim 2, characterized in that: the +U C2 state refers to that forward voltages at two ends of a boost capacitor are added at two ends of a motor winding, motor demagnetizing energy recovered by the boost capacitor is used for winding excitation, and the motor demagnetizing energy can be used for realizing discharge balance and overvoltage protection of the boost capacitor; the state of '-U C2' means that the winding feeds back the demagnetizing energy to the boost capacitor, and the voltage at two ends of the winding is-U C2 at the moment, so that the demagnetization of the winding is realized, and the winding can be used for realizing the charge balance and the under-voltage protection of the boost capacitor.
5. Seven operating states according to claim 2, characterized in that: the proposed multi-level power converter can be used as five levels and mainly works in five working states of +2 ', "-2 '," -0 ', "+1 ', and" -1 ', namely high-voltage rapid excitation, high-voltage rapid demagnetization, zero-voltage follow current, normal-voltage excitation and normal-voltage demagnetization; the circuit is used as a five-level circuit, has a combined working mode of any two states except for the combination of the two states of the '1' and the '2', and does not need the combination mode of the two states of the '1' and the '2' when adjacent two-phase motor windings are overlapped and conducted in practice, so that when the circuit is used as the five-level circuit, the independent operation between phases can be realized.
6. Seven operating states according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the voltage U C2 across the boost capacitor is smaller than the supply voltage U DC, the proposed multi-level power converter can be used as seven levels, and works in seven operating states of "+2", "-2", "+1", "-1", "+u C2" and "-U C2", i.e., high-voltage fast excitation, high-voltage fast demagnetization, zero-voltage freewheel, normal-voltage excitation, normal-voltage demagnetization, low-voltage excitation and low-voltage demagnetization.
7. A multilevel power converter for a switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein: the multi-level power converter can be suitable for motors with any phase number by increasing the number of longitudinal bridge arms and expanding the transverse bridge arms.
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