CN113629280B - Fuel cell air system control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell air system control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113629280B CN113629280B CN202010382004.6A CN202010382004A CN113629280B CN 113629280 B CN113629280 B CN 113629280B CN 202010382004 A CN202010382004 A CN 202010382004A CN 113629280 B CN113629280 B CN 113629280B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
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- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell air system control method, which comprises the steps of starting a fuel cell air system; setting the first type air flow calculation method as a current calculation method and executing the current calculation method; detecting the working state of each sensor of the fuel cell air system and judging whether the sensor of the fuel cell air system is not in a normal working state, if so, judging whether the current calculation method is a first type air flow calculation method, and if so, adjusting the air flow value in the fuel cell air system from the current air flow to the air flow value calculated by a second type air flow calculation method by using a buffer control method; the second type of air flow volume calculation method is set as the current calculation method and the current calculation method is executed. The advantages of this method are: the system is monitored in real time, so that the stability of algorithm switching output is ensured, and the reliable operation of the system is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell air system control method.
Background
A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy generated by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy through an electrochemical reaction, and has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, little environmental pollution and the like, thus being widely applied to the field of automobiles. The fuel cell needs hydrogen and air to react to generate electric energy when running, the air is supplied by an air compressor to supply certain air flow, the air side pressure needs to be increased through a throttle valve, the pressure measured by the proton exchange membrane air is kept constant, and the mechanical damage of the membrane is reduced. When the sensor cannot detect normal numerical values, namely the sensor fails, the sensor cannot detect real numerical values at the moment, the calculation method has no feedback of the normal numerical values, and the traditional calculation method cannot calculate normally, so that the air flow and pressure control is abnormal.
The prior art generally controls air flow in a fuel cell air system in two ways: 1. and the high-precision control is achieved by adopting real-time control adjustment, calculating through the difference value of the actual flow or pressure and the target flow or pressure and carrying out real-time control adjustment. The disadvantage of this method is that it relies on the difference between the actual value and the target value for calculation, so the stability requirement for the sensor is extremely high and the algorithm cannot be executed properly when the sensor fails.
2. Through a calibration and correction mode, firstly calibrating the output states of the air compressor and the throttle valve corresponding to the normal working state, then setting the working states of the air compressor and the throttle valve according to the target output state to be executed, and then correcting the working state of the air system of the fuel cell according to the difference value between the target value and the actual value of the air flow of the air system of the fuel cell, wherein the current algorithm of the method has certain requirements on the stability requirements of the sensor, and can continuously run when the sensor fails: however, this method has a problem that when the sensor fails, the correction amount becomes a disturbance amount of the calibration output, which causes the output to be biased or uncertain; in addition, the correction range is limited in this way, and when the test environment exceeds the limit, the algorithm cannot achieve the expected output.
In view of the foregoing, it would be desirable to provide a fuel cell air system control method that overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a fuel cell air system control method that overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art. The invention aims to be realized by the following technical scheme.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell air system control method, wherein the fuel cell air system control method includes a plurality of steps of:
step 1: starting a fuel cell air system;
step 2: executing a first type air flow calculation method, wherein the first type air flow calculation method is to respectively calculate a rotating speed duty ratio and an opening duty ratio by using a PI closed-loop algorithm according to the output current of the electric pile, the actually measured air flow and a preset target air flow, and then control the rotating speed of an air compressor according to the rotating speed duty ratio and calculate the opening of an air outlet throttle valve of the electric pile according to the opening duty ratio so as to control the air flow of the air system of the fuel cell;
and step 3: detecting the working state of each sensor of the fuel cell air system and judging whether the sensor of the fuel cell air system is not in a normal working state, if so, executing a step 4;
and 4, step 4: judging whether the current calculation method is the first type air flow calculation method or not, and if so, executing the step 5;
and 5: adjusting the air flow value in the air system of the fuel cell from the current air flow value to a second type air flow value calculated by using a buffer control method, wherein the second type air flow value calculation method firstly corrects the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of the air outlet throttle valve of the pile according to the set rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of the air outlet throttle valve of the pile in a table look-up manner according to the target output current and the actual output current of the current pile;
step 6: executing a second type air flow calculation method;
and 7: judging whether the air system of the fuel cell is shut down or not, if so, finishing the processing; if not, executing step 3 again.
According to the fuel cell air system control method provided by the above embodiment of the present invention, the sensors of the fuel cell air system include, but are not limited to, an air pressure sensor, a flow meter, a temperature sensor, and the like.
The fuel cell air system control method according to the above-described one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the step 4: judging whether the current calculation method is the first type air flow calculation method or not, and if not, executing the step 6;
and 8: the current calculation method continues and then step 7 is performed.
According to the fuel cell air system control method provided by the above-described one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the step 3: detecting the working state of each sensor of the fuel cell air system and judging whether the sensor of the fuel cell air system is not in a normal working state, if not, executing a step 9;
and step 9: judging whether the current calculation method is a second type air flow calculation method or not, and if yes, executing the step 10;
step 10: adjusting the air flow value in the air system of the fuel cell from the current air flow value to the air flow value calculated by using a first type of air flow calculation method by using a buffer control method;
step 11: the first type of air flow calculation method is performed and then step 7 is performed.
According to the fuel cell air system control method provided by the above-described one embodiment of the present invention, the step 9: and (4) judging whether the current calculation method is the second type air flow calculation method or not, and if not, executing the step 8.
According to the fuel cell air system control method provided by the above-described one embodiment of the present invention, the buffer control method gently switches the air flow rate in the fuel cell air system between the air flow rate value calculated by the first type of air flow rate calculation method and the air flow rate value calculated by the second type of air flow rate calculation method.
The fuel cell air system control method has the advantages that: the accuracy and the adaptability of an air flow algorithm under the normal condition of the sensor are ensured, and the normal work of an air system of the fuel cell is ensured under the condition of sensor failure; the switching between the two algorithms according to the actual situation is realized, the transition is gentle, and the reliable operation of the system is ensured.
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The present disclosure will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. As is readily understood by those skilled in the art: these drawings are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the figure:
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a fuel cell air system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of a fuel cell air system control method according to an embodiment of the invention as described in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1-2 and the following description depict alternative embodiments of the invention to teach those skilled in the art how to make and reproduce the invention. Some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted for the purpose of teaching the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations or substitutions from these embodiments will fall within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is only limited by the claims and their equivalents.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a fuel cell air system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the air system includes an air filter 20, an air compressor 21, an intercooler 22, a humidifier 23, a stack 24, a back pressure valve 25 and a controller 26, the air filter 20 is disposed at an air inlet of the air compressor 21, the air compressor 21 is communicated with the stack 24 through the intercooler 22 and the humidifier 23, the back pressure valve 25 is disposed at an air outlet of the stack 24 and connected to the air outlet, the controller 26 is electrically connected to the air compressor 21, the stack 24 and the back pressure valve 25, the air compressor 21 cools the air filtered by the air filter 20 through the intercooler 22 and humidifies the humidifier 23 and sends the air into the stack 24, the air and hydrogen gas generate electrochemical reaction inside the stack 24 under the action of a catalyst to generate electric energy, and the back pressure valve 25 controls the pressure in the air system and discharges unreacted exhaust gas into the atmosphere.
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a fuel cell air system control method according to an embodiment of the invention as described in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell air system control method includes a plurality of steps:
step 1: starting a fuel cell air system;
step 2: executing a first type air flow calculation method, wherein the first type air flow calculation method is to respectively calculate a rotating speed duty ratio and an opening duty ratio by using a PI closed-loop algorithm according to the output current of the electric pile, the actually measured air flow and a preset target air flow, and then control the rotating speed of an air compressor according to the rotating speed duty ratio and calculate the opening of an air outlet throttle valve of the electric pile according to the opening duty ratio so as to control the air flow and the air pressure of the fuel cell air system; the calculation formula of the first type air flow calculation method is as follows:
where u (t) is the duty cycle, e (t) is the difference between the actual measured air flow and the preset target air flow, F f For feedforward parameters precalibrated in dependence on the output current of the stack, K p Is an adjustable proportionality coefficient pre-calibrated according to the output current of the stack, K i For an adjustable integral coefficient, T, pre-calibrated according to the output current of the stack i For integration time constant, F in calculating the rotation speed duty ratio and the opening degree duty ratio f 、K p And T i Respectively calibrating;
and step 3: detecting the working state of each sensor of the fuel cell air system and judging whether the sensor of the fuel cell air system is not in a normal working state, if so, executing a step 4; the sensors include but are not limited to thermometers, air flow meters, barometers for detecting air temperature and ammeters for detecting stack output current;
and 4, step 4: judging whether the current calculation method is the first type air flow calculation method or not, and if so, executing the step 5;
and 5: adjusting the air flow value in the fuel cell air system from the current air flow value to a second type air flow value calculated by using a buffer control method, wherein the second type air flow value calculation method firstly sets the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of the air outlet throttle valve of the pile according to the calibrated normal working state, and then corrects the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of the air outlet throttle valve of the pile in a table look-up manner according to the target output current and the current actual output current of the pile, preferably, the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of the air outlet throttle valve of the pile can be further corrected in a pre-calibrated coefficient manner according to the atmospheric pressure and the air temperature in the correction process;
and 6: setting the second type air flow rate calculation method as a current calculation method and executing the current calculation method;
and 7: judging whether the air system of the fuel cell is shut down, if so, ending the processing; if not, executing step 3 again.
According to the fuel cell air system control method provided by the above-described one embodiment of the present invention, the step 4: judging whether the current calculation method is the first type air flow calculation method or not, and if not, executing the step 6;
and 8: the current calculation method continues and then step 7 is performed.
The fuel cell air system control method according to the above-described one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the step 3: detecting the working state of each sensor of the fuel cell air system and judging whether the sensor of the fuel cell air system is not in a normal working state, if not, executing a step 9;
and step 9: judging whether the current calculation method is a second type air flow calculation method or not, and if yes, executing the step 10;
step 10: adjusting the air flow value in the air system of the fuel cell from the current air flow value to the air flow value calculated by using a first type of air flow calculation method by using a buffer control method;
step 11: the first type of air flow calculation method is performed and then step 7 is performed.
According to the fuel cell air system control method provided by the above-described one embodiment of the present invention, the step 9: and (4) judging whether the current calculation method is the second type air flow calculation method or not, and if not, executing the step 8.
According to the fuel cell air system control method provided by the above-described one embodiment of the present invention, the buffer control method smoothly switches the air flow rate in the fuel cell air system between the air flow rate value calculated by the first type air flow rate calculation method and the air flow rate value calculated by the second type air flow rate calculation method. Preferably, when the air flow value calculated by the first type of air flow calculation method is switched to the air flow value calculated by the second type of air flow calculation method, the buffer control method controls the air flow in the fuel cell air system to be switched between the air flow value calculated by the first type of air flow calculation method and the air flow value calculated by the second type of air flow calculation method in a slope control manner within a preset time interval; when the air flow value calculated by the second type air flow calculation method is switched to the air flow value calculated by the first type air flow calculation method, the buffer control method executes the first type air flow calculation method by taking a preliminary Ki value calibrated in advance, a preliminary Kp value calibrated according to atmospheric pressure and a preliminary Ff value calibrated according to the output current of the galvanic pile as initial values of the first type air flow calculation method.
According to the fuel cell air system control method provided by the above one embodiment of the present invention, the air flow rate and the air pressure of the fuel cell air system are related, so the control and calculation method for the air flow rate in the method can also be realized by controlling and calculating the air pressure.
The fuel cell air system control method has the advantages that: the accuracy and the adaptability of an air flow algorithm under the normal condition of the sensor are ensured, and the normal work of a fuel cell air system is ensured under the condition of sensor failure; the switching between the two algorithms according to the actual situation is realized, the transition is gentle, and the reliable operation of the system is ensured.
It will of course be realised that whilst the foregoing has been given by way of illustrative example of this invention, all such and other modifications and variations thereto as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit of this invention as is herein set forth. Therefore, while this invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended that the novel apparatus be limited thereby, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the broad scope of the above disclosure and the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A control method of a fuel cell air system, characterized by comprising a plurality of steps of:
step 1: starting a fuel cell air system;
and 2, step: executing a first type air flow calculation method, wherein the first type air flow calculation method is to calculate a rotating speed duty ratio and an opening duty ratio respectively by using a PI closed-loop algorithm according to the output current of a galvanic pile, the actually measured air flow and a preset target air flow, then control the rotating speed of an air compressor according to the rotating speed duty ratio and calculate the opening of a throttle valve at an air outlet of the galvanic pile according to the opening duty ratio so as to control the air flow of a fuel cell air system; the calculation formula of the first type air flow calculation method is as follows:
where u (t) is the duty cycle, e (t) is the difference between the actual measured air flow and the preset target air flow, F f For feedforward parameters precalibrated in dependence on the output current of the stack, K p For an adjustable proportionality coefficient pre-calibrated according to the output current of the stack, K i For an adjustable integral coefficient, T, pre-calibrated according to the output current of the stack i F in calculating the rotation speed duty ratio and the opening degree duty ratio for the integration time constant f 、K p And T i Respectively calibrating; t represents time;
and step 3: detecting the working state of each sensor of the fuel cell air system and judging whether the sensor of the fuel cell air system is not in a normal working state, if so, executing a step 4;
and 4, step 4: judging whether the current calculation method is the first type air flow calculation method or not, and if so, executing the step 5;
and 5: adjusting the air flow value in the air system of the fuel cell from the current air flow value to the air flow value calculated by using a second type of air flow calculation method by using a buffer control method, wherein the second type of air flow calculation method firstly corrects the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of a stack air outlet throttle valve according to the set rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of the stack air outlet throttle valve in a table look-up manner according to the target output current and the current actual output current of the stack;
the buffer control method enables the air flow in the fuel cell air system to be smoothly switched between the air flow value calculated by the first type of air flow calculation method and the air flow value calculated by the second type of air flow calculation method; when the air flow value calculated by the first type of air flow calculation method is switched to the air flow value calculated by the second type of air flow calculation method, the buffer control method controls the air flow in the fuel cell air system within a preset time interval to switch between the air flow value calculated by the first type of air flow calculation method and the air flow value calculated by the second type of air flow calculation method in a slope control mode; when the air flow value calculated by the second type air flow calculation method is switched to the air flow value calculated by the first type air flow calculation method, the buffer control method calibrates the pre-calibrated K i Initial value, calibrating K according to atmospheric pressure p And F calibrated according to the output current of the galvanic pile f Executing the first type air flow calculation method by taking the initial value as the initial value of the first type air flow calculation method;
and 6: executing a second type air flow calculation method;
and 7: judging whether the air system of the fuel cell is shut down or not, if so, finishing the processing; if not, executing step 3 again.
2. The control method of a fuel cell air system according to claim 1, wherein the step 4: judging whether the current calculation method is the first type air flow calculation method or not, and if not, executing the step 8;
and 8: the current calculation method continues and step 7 is then performed.
3. The control method of a fuel cell air system according to claim 2, wherein the step 3: detecting the working state of each sensor of the fuel cell air system and judging whether the sensor of the fuel cell air system is not in a normal working state, if not, executing a step 9;
and step 9: judging whether the current calculation method is a second type air flow calculation method or not, and if yes, executing the step 10;
step 10: adjusting the air flow value in the air system of the fuel cell from the current air flow value to the air flow value calculated by using a first type of air flow calculation method by using a buffer control method;
step 11: the first type of air flow calculation method is performed and then step 7 is performed.
4. The control method of a fuel cell air system according to claim 3, characterized in that the step 9: judging whether the current calculation method is the second type air flow calculation method, if not, executing the step 8,
and 8: the current calculation method continues and then step 7 is performed.
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